CN116448634B - Device and method for measuring limiting sedimentation velocity of particles in flowing liquid - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring limiting sedimentation velocity of particles in flowing liquid Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/04—Investigating sedimentation of particle suspensions
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
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Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for measuring the limiting sedimentation velocity of particles in flowing liquid, wherein the device comprises a liquid injection module, a pressure stabilizing and gas injection module, a multiphase circulation module, a data measurement and acquisition module and a temperature control module; the liquid injection module is connected with the multiphase circulation module and is used for injecting normal-pressure experimental liquid or high-pressure experimental liquid into the multiphase circulation module; the pressure-stabilizing gas injection module is connected with the multiphase circulation module and is used for injecting experimental gas with constant pressure into the multiphase circulation module; the multiphase circulation module is used for performing flow circulation on the injected multiphase fluid; the data measurement and acquisition module is connected with the multiphase circulation module and is used for measuring and acquiring the motion information of solid particles in multiphase fluid in the multiphase circulation module and collecting and storing the measured and acquired information; the temperature control module is connected with the multiphase circulation module and used for controlling the temperature of the multiphase circulation module. The invention can finely describe and capture the motion parameters of the solid particles in the dynamic system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of solid-liquid two-phase flow, in particular to a device and a method for measuring the limiting sedimentation velocity of particles in flowing liquid, which are used for exploring the limiting sedimentation velocity of the particles in the solid-liquid two-phase flow.
Description of the background
In a "liquid-solid" mixed transport process, four flow patterns of homogeneous flow, heterogeneous flow, moving bed and fixed bed are usually present, the transition between flow patterns can be defined by critical velocity or critical flow, the transition of particles from being suspended in the liquid (heterogeneous flow) to critical velocity between the formation of a bed (moving bed) at the bottom of the pipe being called the limiting sedimentation velocity. This parameter is critical for the food industry, the nuclear industry, the mineral industry, the oil and gas extraction industry, etc. The limiting sedimentation rate of the particles relates to a balance between pumping energy consumption, transport equipment wear and risk of blockage, and too high transport speeds can exacerbate pumping equipment wear in addition to causing additional energy consumption and once the speed is below the limiting sedimentation rate can cause media to deposit and clog in the pipe.
There are a large number of nuclear waste materials in the english, american, etc. countries, and how to safely transport, store, and dispose of these nuclear waste materials is a great challenge. The Hanford nuclear industry points in washington, U.S. have produced large amounts of nuclear waste that are difficult to dispose of and cause serious environmental pollution for nearly 30 years. The industrial point nuclear waste problem is attracting a great deal of attention, and researchers propose a large number of prediction models of the limiting sedimentation velocity for the nuclear waste slurry transport there, which is important for preventing secondary pollution caused by nuclear waste. However, the predictive performance of most models is currently unsatisfactory. There are also two important problems in the oil and gas development field related to the limiting sedimentation velocity: one is the problem of sand particles in oil and gas pipelines, which can cause abrasion of the pipelines and related equipment if the fluid conveying speed is too high, and which can cause yield reduction and even blockage accidents by depositing increased pressure drop at the bottom of the pipelines if the fluid speed is lower than the limit sedimentation speed. And secondly, the problem of hydrate blockage is that the risk of hydrate blockage is higher and the damage is larger than that of sand particles. Natural gas hydrates are crystalline compounds formed from water molecules and natural gas molecules in a low temperature, high pressure environment. In subsea oil and gas transport pipelines, the problem of plugging by hydrates is particularly pronounced. The hydrate crystals are in the form of tiny particles in the fluid, and the viscosity of the fluid generated by the particles is increased, so that the speed of the fluid is reduced. After the flow rate is below the hydrate particle limit settling velocity, the particles will settle at the pipe wall to form a settled bed and continue to agglomerate to form a plug. The blockage of the hydrate is very rapid and difficult to control, so that the production efficiency is reduced, economic loss is caused, the transportation pipeline and related equipment are damaged in severe cases, and even casualties and marine ecological crisis are caused. At present, an accurate hydrate particle limit sedimentation velocity prediction model is urgently needed in the field of oil gas development.
The lack of effective observation means is the biggest difficulty in the current model development. Since the limiting sedimentation velocity refers to the velocity of particles from the dispersed state to the time of bed formation, visual observation through a fully transparent tube is naturally the most common means. However, this method has three drawbacks: (1) Subjectivity exists in visual observation, and deviation exists in judgment standards of different researchers; (2) The liquid medium in the pipeline must be transparent and the particles are large to the naked eye; (3) The phenomenon of optical refraction of transparent tubing often results in experimental results that are subject to error. However, the sedimentation rate of particles is related to the type of liquid, flow rate, properties, pipe diameter, surface material, particle size, material, etc., which results in poor results when modeling a "pure water-large particles" system into actual conditions. The minimum pressure drop method and the acoustic wave measurement method except the direct visual observation belong to indirect methods, the effect is poor, and the related research is less. Another difficulty in research is that the relative movement, i.e. the slip speed, between the particles and the liquid is limited by characterization means, and in current research, the liquid flow rate can only be recorded by a flowmeter, and the liquid flow rate when the particles form a sediment bed is regarded as the ultimate sedimentation speed of the particles under the working condition, and the method can analyze the liquid movement, but cannot describe the particle movement. In "liquid-solid" flow, the particles are moved forward by the force of the fluid, but the particle velocity is not equal to the liquid velocity. The "liquid-solid" velocity difference is called the slip velocity, which is affected by the particle size, shape, and liquid properties. However, no experimental system is available at present to measure the moving speed of particles in liquid, and the lack of analysis of the sliding speed results in low accuracy and universality of the model.
In summary, the problems of the current studies of the limiting sedimentation velocity of particles are: (1) judging how particles in a motion system are settled; (2) How to measure the movement velocity of solid particles in a moving liquid. Physical variables that need to be explored with emphasis during modeling include: particle size, shape, density, liquid flow rate and physical parameters, pipe diameter and surface properties. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a set of experimental devices that can identify and track particle movement to provide basic parameters for model building.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a device and a method for measuring the limiting sedimentation velocity of particles in flowing liquid, which are used for solving the problems that in the existing limiting sedimentation velocity research of particles, the particles in a motion system cannot be accurately judged when sedimentation occurs and the motion velocity of solid particles in the moving liquid cannot be accurately measured.
The invention provides a device and a method for measuring the limiting sedimentation velocity of particles in flowing liquid, wherein the device comprises a liquid injection module, a pressure stabilizing and gas injection module, a multiphase circulation module, a data measurement and acquisition module and a temperature control module; the liquid injection module is connected with the multiphase circulation module and is used for injecting normal-pressure experimental liquid or high-pressure experimental liquid into the multiphase circulation module; the pressure-stabilizing gas injection module is connected with the multiphase circulation module and is used for injecting experiment gas with constant pressure into the multiphase circulation module; the multiphase circulation module is used for performing flow circulation on the injected multiphase fluid; the data measurement and acquisition module is connected with the multiphase circulation module and is used for measuring and acquiring the motion information of solid particles in multiphase fluid in the multiphase circulation module and collecting and storing the measured and acquired information; the temperature control module is connected with the multiphase circulation module and is used for controlling the temperature of the multiphase circulation module; the multiphase circulation module comprises a visual pipe section and a resistance tomography test pipe section, the data measurement and acquisition module and the temperature control module comprise an acquisition camera and a resistance tomography transmitter, the acquisition camera is arranged at the visual pipe section and used for observing the generation and the passing of particles, and the resistance tomography transmitter is arranged at the resistance tomography test pipe section and used for measuring the particle speed.
Still further, the priming module includes a priming funnel, a liquid container, and a manual priming pump; the injection funnel is located the entry of heterogeneous circulation module for manual injection experiment liquid, the liquid container is used for holding experiment liquid, the liquid container with manual injection pump is connected, manual injection pump with the entry linkage of heterogeneous circulation module is used for with experimental liquid in the liquid container pumps into under the state of taking the pressure in the heterogeneous circulation module, manual injection pump with be equipped with the manometer between the entry of heterogeneous circulation module, be used for measuring and showing the pressure of pumping into experiment liquid, the manometer with between the entry of heterogeneous circulation module and the injection funnel with the entry of heterogeneous circulation module all is equipped with the ball valve.
Further, the pressure stabilizing and gas injecting module comprises a high-pressure gas cylinder group, a high-pressure buffer tank, a gas booster, a stop valve, a pressure reducing valve, a pneumatic valve, a gas flowmeter and a check valve; the high-pressure gas cylinder group comprises a plurality of gas source gas cylinders, the gas source gas cylinders are connected in parallel and then connected with the high-pressure buffer tank through gas supply pipelines, a plurality of gas source gas cylinder outlet pipelines are all provided with valves, the gas pressurizer is connected with the gas supply pipelines in parallel, the two ends of the gas pressurizer are all provided with valves, a stop valve and a pressure reducing valve are sequentially arranged between the high-pressure gas cylinder group and the high-pressure buffer tank, the high-pressure buffer tank is connected with an inlet of the multiphase circulation module, and a pneumatic valve, a gas flowmeter and a check valve are sequentially arranged between the high-pressure buffer tank and the inlet of the multiphase circulation module.
Further, the multiphase circulation module further comprises a circulation pipeline group, a high-pressure sliding vane pump and a vacuum pump; the high-pressure sliding vane pump is respectively connected with the straight pipe section at the inlet of the circulating pipeline group and the straight pipe section at the outlet of the circulating pipeline group and is used for providing power for the flowing circulation of multiphase fluid, and the vacuum pump is connected with the straight pipe section at the exhaust port of the circulating pipeline group and is used for exhausting air in the circulating pipeline group.
Further, the resistance tomography test tube sections are four sections, and the four sections of the resistance tomography test tube sections are distributed or centralized; when four sections of the resistance tomography test tube sections are distributed, the four sections of the resistance tomography test tube sections are distributed at intervals, the first section of the resistance tomography test tube section is arranged at the rear part of the flowmeter tube section, and the other three sections of the resistance tomography test tube section are distributed and arranged between two bent tube sections; when the four resistance tomography test tube sections are arranged in a centralized manner, the four resistance tomography test tube sections are connected together and are arranged between the two bent tube sections.
Still further, pipeline bearing limit of straight tube section, bend section, resistance tomography test tube section, flowmeter tube section and visual tube section is 10Mpa, straight tube section, bend section, resistance tomography test tube section and flowmeter tube section are stainless steel intermediate layer sleeve pipe, stainless steel intermediate layer sleeve pipe includes inlayer and skin, the inlayer is used for working medium to flow, the skin is used for temperature control medium to flow, respectively be equipped with the opening from top to bottom, temperature control medium goes into from top to bottom, the opening passes through hose connection temperature control module, connects through the flange between two stainless steel intermediate layer sleeve pipes, is equipped with the drilling and is used for installing temperature sensor probe and pressure sensor probe between stainless steel intermediate layer sleeve pipe and the flange, the expansion joint is used for eliminating the deformation that the internal stress leads to when pipeline flange joint, resistance tomography test tube section, flowmeter tube section and visual tube section all are connected with the base through the support, pressure-resistant limit of high-pressure slide pump is 10Mpa, and pressure differential is 1.
Further, the data measurement and acquisition module further comprises a mass flowmeter, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor and a differential pressure sensor; the mass flowmeter is arranged at the pipe section of the flowmeter, the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor are both arranged at the inlet of the resistance tomography test pipe section, one end of the differential pressure sensor is connected with the straight pipe section at the inlet of the multiphase circulation module, and the other end of the differential pressure sensor is connected with the straight pipe section at the outlet of the multiphase circulation module.
Still further, the resistance tomography transmitter is four, the resistance tomography transmitter is equipped with two monitoring cross sections, the monitoring cross section periphery is equipped with eight pairs of electrodes, through applys periodic current excitation to the electrode and forms the electric field at the section of being surveyed, eight pairs of the electrode divide into 316 pixel with the interface of being surveyed, the spatial resolution of resistance tomography transmitter is the 3% of the section diameter of being surveyed, the image acquisition frequency of resistance tomography transmitter is 20fps.
Still further, temperature control module includes refrigerating unit, water bath communication pipeline and circulation pipeline heat preservation, refrigerating unit pass through water bath communication pipeline with straight tube section, bend section, resistance tomography test tube section and flowmeter pipeline section are connected, circulation pipeline heat preservation is located the radial outside of water bath communication pipeline is used for right the accuse temperature medium in the water bath communication pipeline keeps warm.
The invention also provides a method for measuring the limiting sedimentation velocity of particles in flowing liquid, which comprises the following steps:
S1, arranging four sections of the resistance tomography test tube sections into distributed arrangement;
S2, cleaning an internal pipeline of the device by using deionized water, and purging the internal pipeline of the device by using nitrogen after cleaning to discharge residual water in the internal pipeline of the device;
S3, after purging water in the pipeline inside the device, using the vacuum pump to pump air in the straight pipe section, the bent pipe section, the resistance tomography test pipe section, the flowmeter pipe section and the visible pipe section, then completely filling the straight pipe section, the bent pipe section, the resistance tomography test pipe section, the flowmeter pipe section and the visible pipe section with the prepared NaCl solution, and using the resistance tomography transmitter to collect conductivity signals of the NaCl solution at the moment as a test background;
S4, adding a piece of non-conductive solid particles with the diameter being 3% larger than the section diameter of the resistance tomography test tube section through the injection funnel;
S5, setting the temperature, the liquid pressure and the pump speed as target values, starting a resistance tomography transmitter, a mass flowmeter, an acquisition camera, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor and a differential pressure sensor of the data measurement and acquisition module, judging the current running state of the non-conductive solid particles through four sections of resistance tomography test tube sections, and if the non-conductive solid particles are detected to continuously pass through two planes of one section of resistance tomography test tube section, not settling the non-conductive solid particles at the moment; if the non-conductive solid particles pass through the first section of the resistance tomography test tube section and do not pass through the second section, the non-conductive solid particles are settled in the resistance tomography test tube section; if the non-conductive solid particles pass through the previous section of the resistance tomography test tube section and fail to pass through the previous section of the resistance tomography test tube section, the non-conductive solid particles are settled between the two sections of the resistance tomography test tube section;
S6, after determining that the non-conductive solid particles can be settled under the current working condition, stopping the device, evacuating substances in the device, changing four sections of the resistance tomography test tube sections into centralized arrangement after evacuating the device, keeping all other parameter settings unchanged, repeating the S2-S4 process, connecting the four sections of the resistance tomography test tube sections together to form a long test tube section, monitoring the non-conductive solid particles when passing through the monitoring section, and obtaining the ultimate settlement speed, the settlement track, the final settlement position and the relative sliding speed between the non-conductive solid particles and liquid before the non-conductive solid particles start to settle by observing the time of the non-conductive solid particles passing through different monitoring sections and the position of the non-conductive solid particles on the monitoring section; if the non-conductive solid particles settle outside of the long test tube segment or only a portion of the settling process is observed, the long test tube segment is positioned.
The device and the method for measuring the limiting sedimentation velocity of the particles in the flowing liquid are applied to an experimental system for measuring the limiting sedimentation velocity of the solid particles in a solid-liquid two-phase flow, can finely describe and capture the motion parameters of the solid particles in a dynamic system, can measure the movement velocity of the particles in the liquid, enable the accuracy of measuring and calculating the limiting sedimentation velocity of the particles to realize various working conditions such as high pressure, low temperature and variable flow velocity by capturing the sliding velocity, are more suitable for various working media such as water, oil, natural gas, glass sand, hydrate particles and the like, can more accurately capture the moment of sedimentation of the particles through the distributed arrangement and centralized arrangement conversion of the resistance tomography test tube sections, and further increase the accuracy of measuring and calculating the limiting sedimentation velocity of the solid particles by more similarity of a device tube and actual working conditions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a four-point distributed pipeline in its entirety;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall centralized distribution pipeline of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a resistance tomography transmitter according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a resistance tomography test tube section, 2, a straight tube section, 3, a flowmeter tube section, 4, a water bath communication pipeline, 5, a high-pressure sliding vane pump, 6, a liquid container, 7, a circulating pipeline heat insulation layer, 8, a tomography transmitter, 9, an injection funnel, 10, a differential pressure sensor, 11, a ball valve, 12, a pressure sensor, 13, a temperature sensor, 14, a bent tube section, 15, a back pressure regulating valve, 16, an acquisition camera, 17, a visual tube section, 18, a pressure reducing valve, 19, a stop valve, 20, an air source air bottle, 21, a gas booster, 22, an expansion joint, 23, a mass flowmeter, 24, a vacuum pump, 25, a refrigerating unit, 26, a high-pressure buffer tank, 27, a pneumatic valve, 28, a gas flowmeter, 29, an electronic platform scale, 30, a metering container, 31, a check valve, 32 and a manual injection pump.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are illustrative of the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
In the description of the present embodiment, it should be noted that, directions or positional relationships indicated by terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., are directions or positional relationships based on the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and are not indicative or implying that the apparatus or element being referred to must have a specific direction, be configured and operated in a specific direction, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and terms "mounted", "connected" should be construed broadly, and may be fixed, or may be detachable, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art. In addition, in the description of the present embodiment, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
The device for measuring the limiting sedimentation velocity of particles in flowing liquid comprises a liquid injection module, a pressure stabilizing and gas injection module, a multiphase circulation module, a data measurement and acquisition module and a temperature control module; the liquid injection module is connected with the multiphase circulation module and is used for injecting normal-pressure experimental liquid or high-pressure experimental liquid into the multiphase circulation module; the pressure-stabilizing gas injection module is connected with the multiphase circulation module and is used for injecting experimental gas with constant pressure into the multiphase circulation module; the multiphase circulation module is used for performing flow circulation on the injected multiphase fluid; the data measurement and acquisition module is connected with the multiphase circulation module and is used for measuring and acquiring the motion information of solid particles in multiphase fluid in the multiphase circulation module and collecting and storing the measured and acquired information; the temperature control module is connected with the multiphase circulation module and used for controlling the temperature of the multiphase circulation module; the multiphase circulation module comprises a visual pipe section 17 and a resistance tomography test pipe section 1, the data measurement and acquisition module and the temperature control module comprise an acquisition camera 16 and a resistance tomography transmitter 8, the acquisition camera 16 is arranged at the visual pipe section 17 and used for observing generation and passing of particles, and the resistance tomography transmitter 8 is arranged at the resistance tomography test pipe section 1 and used for measuring particle speed.
The liquid injection module comprises an injection funnel 9, a liquid container 6 and a manual injection pump 32; the injection funnel 9 is arranged at the inlet of the multiphase circulation module and is used for manually injecting experimental liquid, the liquid container 6 is used for containing experimental liquid, the liquid container 6 is connected with the manual injection pump 32, the manual injection pump 32 is connected with the inlet of the multiphase circulation module and is used for pumping the experimental liquid in the liquid container 6 into the multiphase circulation module under the state of pressure, a pressure gauge is arranged between the manual injection pump 32 and the inlet of the multiphase circulation module and is used for measuring and displaying the pressure of the pumped experimental liquid, ball valves 11 are arranged between the pressure gauge and the inlet of the multiphase circulation module and between the injection funnel 9 and the inlet of the multiphase circulation module, the liquid injection module further comprises a metering container 30, an electronic scale 29, the metering container 30 and the electronic scale 29 are used for metering the injected experimental liquid, and the metering container 30 and the electronic scale 29 can provide quantitative component water, preparation liquid, chemical agent and the like for the device.
The pressure stabilizing and gas injecting module comprises a high-pressure gas cylinder group, a high-pressure buffer tank 26, a gas booster 21, a stop valve 19, a pressure reducing valve 18, a pneumatic valve 27, a gas flowmeter 28 and a check valve 31; the high-pressure gas cylinder group comprises a plurality of gas source gas cylinders 20, the gas source gas cylinders 20 are connected in parallel and then are connected with a high-pressure buffer tank 26 through gas supply pipelines, valves are arranged on outlet pipelines of the gas source gas cylinders 20, a gas booster 21 is connected in parallel with the gas supply pipelines, valves are arranged at two ends of the gas booster 21, a stop valve 19 and a pressure reducing valve 18 are sequentially arranged between the high-pressure gas cylinder group and the high-pressure buffer tank 26, the high-pressure buffer tank 26 is connected with an inlet of a multiphase circulation module, a pneumatic valve 27, a gas flowmeter 28 and a check valve 31 are sequentially arranged between the high-pressure buffer tank 26 and the inlet of the multiphase circulation module, and automatic constant-pressure gas supplementing can be performed under the condition of temperature reduction or other gas consumption in the device operation process by arranging the pneumatic valve 27, the gas flowmeter 28 and the check valve 31.
The multiphase circulation module also comprises a circulation pipeline group, a high-pressure sliding vane pump 5 and a vacuum pump 24; the circulation pipeline group is connected with the visual pipeline section 17 and the resistance tomography test pipeline section 1 to form a loop, the circulation pipeline group comprises a plurality of straight pipeline sections 2, two bent pipeline sections 14 and a flowmeter pipeline section 3, the high-pressure sliding vane pump 5 is respectively connected with the straight pipeline sections 2 at the inlet and the straight pipeline sections 2 at the outlet of the circulation pipeline group and is used for providing power for the flow circulation of multiphase fluid, and the vacuum pump 24 is connected with the straight pipeline sections 2 at the exhaust port of the circulation pipeline group and is used for exhausting air in the circulation pipeline group. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the resistance tomography test tube section 1 is four sections, and the four sections of the resistance tomography test tube section 1 are distributed or centralized; as shown in fig. 1, when four sections of the electrical resistance tomography test tube sections 1 are distributed, the four sections of the electrical resistance tomography test tube sections 1 are distributed at intervals, the first section of the electrical resistance tomography test tube section 1 is installed at the rear part of the flowmeter tube section 3, and the other three sections of the electrical resistance tomography test tube sections 1 are distributed and installed between two bend tube sections 14; as shown in fig. 2, when the four segments of the electrical resistance tomography test tube segments 1 are arranged in a centralized manner, the four segments of the electrical resistance tomography test tube segments 1 are connected together and mounted between the two bend tube segments 14. Whether the four-section resistance tomography test tube sections 1 are distributed or centralized, the high-pressure sliding vane pump 5 is used as a power starting point to provide power for flowing liquid, and the high-pressure sliding vane pump 5 is also connected with a back pressure regulating valve 15. When measuring the limit sedimentation velocity of single particles under a specific working condition, the four sections of the resistance tomography test tube sections 1 are firstly required to be distributed to judge whether the particles can be sedimented under the working condition, and for one section of the resistance tomography test tube sections 1, if the particles can continuously pass through two sections, the particles do not sediment in the section. Conversely, if the particles fail to pass through the second section after passing through the first section of the tube section, then the particles are considered to have settled between the sections of the electrical resistance tomography test tube section 1; if the particles pass the next section of the previous resistance tomography test tube section 1 but fail to pass the previous section of the next resistance tomography test tube section 1, the particles are considered to be settled between the two resistance tomography test tube sections 1 at this time, so that whether the particles can be settled under the current working condition can be determined by the mutual cooperation of the four resistance tomography test tube sections 1 in the distributed arrangement. After the particles under the current experimental working condition are determined to be capable of settling, the four sections of the resistance tomography test tube sections 1 are adjusted to be in centralized arrangement, and the four sections of the resistance tomography test tube sections 1 in the centralized arrangement are required to be connected together to form an eight-section long-distance test section. When the particles enter the long-distance test section, the time interval of the particles passing through the section and the section position distribution of the particles can be determined through eight test planes, and then the calculation can be performed: the speed before the sedimentation of the particles, namely the sedimentation speed of the particles, the sedimentation track of the particles, the final sedimentation position of the particles and the relative sliding speed between the particles and the liquid, realizes the fine depiction of the movement track before the sedimentation of the particles. If the particles continuously pass through the eight sections but do not settle in the test section, the position of the test section can be properly adjusted and repeated experiments can be carried out for a plurality of times to find the installation position of the long-distance test section. Emphasis is required: based on the principle of the resistance tomography technology, the signal acquisition, transmission and reconstruction time are comprehensively considered, and when the particle movement speed range is 0-2m/s and the imaging section is 1 inch, the distance between the two sections is 60mm to ensure the optimal observation effect. If the particle movement speed exceeds this range, the distance between the two cross sections should be increased appropriately. In order to realize the switching of distributed arrangement or centralized arrangement of the resistance tomography test tube sections, the whole base is formed by welding I-steel, and the position and the height of the base can be adjusted by the aid of 6 heavy-load universal casters. The surface of the I-steel is provided with a plurality of long transverse grooves for fixing and changing the position of the bracket. Through calculating and designing the length of each pipe section, the conversion of two distribution modes is realized by matching with the design of the bracket and the base transverse groove.
The pressure limits of the pipelines of the straight pipe section 2, the bent pipe section 14, the resistance tomography test pipe section 1, the flow meter pipe section 3 and the visual pipe section 17 are all 10Mpa, the straight pipe section 2, the bent pipe section 14, the resistance tomography test pipe section 1 and the flow meter pipe section 3 are all stainless steel interlayer sleeves, the stainless steel interlayer sleeves comprise an inner layer and an outer layer, the inner layer is used for working medium flowing, the outer layer is used for temperature control medium flowing, openings are respectively arranged on the upper portion and the lower portion of the outer layer, the temperature control medium enters and exits from the lower portion, the openings are connected with a temperature control module through a hose, the two stainless steel interlayer sleeves are connected through a flange, a drill hole is arranged at the top of the flange and used for installing a temperature sensor probe and a pressure sensor probe, an expansion joint 22 is arranged between the stainless steel interlayer sleeves and the flange, deformation caused by internal stress is eliminated when the pipe section flange is connected, the visual pipe section 17 can be a transparent PMMA pipe, the resistance tomography test pipe section 1, the flow meter pipe section 3 and the visual pipe section 17 are all connected with a base through a support, the pressure limit of the high-pressure slide pump 5 is 10, and the pressure differential is 1Mpa.
The data measurement and acquisition module further comprises a mass flowmeter 23, a temperature sensor 13, a pressure sensor 12 and a differential pressure sensor 10; the mass flowmeter 23 is arranged at the flowmeter tube section 3, the temperature sensor 13 and the pressure sensor 12 are both arranged at the inlet of the resistance tomography test tube section 1, one end of the differential pressure sensor 10 is connected with the straight tube section 2 at the inlet of the multiphase circulation module, the other end of the differential pressure sensor is connected with the straight tube section 2 at the outlet of the multiphase circulation module, the influence of the inlet effect of the outlet of the high-pressure sliding vane pump 5 and the connecting section of the pipeline is considered, and in order to ensure the accurate measurement of the mass flowmeter 23, the straight tube section 2 is required to be arranged between the high-pressure sliding vane pump 5 and the flowmeter tube section 3; in a distributed or centralized arrangement, the expansion joint 22 must be installed after the flow meter tube segment 3, and in addition to adjusting the deformation of the tube, the expansion joint 22 also serves to eliminate the influence of the vibration of the mass flow meter 23 on the flowing liquid. The mass flowmeter 23 may be a coriolis mass flowmeter, and the acquisition camera 16 may be an industrial CCD camera. The signals of the measurement and acquisition equipment are acquired through equipment such as a data acquisition control cabinet, a control box, an A/D acquisition card, an I/O control board, a computer and the like, and are finally summarized and displayed in data acquisition software.
Correspondingly, the number of the resistance tomography transmitters 8 can be four, as shown in fig. 3, each resistance tomography transmitter 8 is provided with two monitoring sections, eight pairs of electrodes are arranged on the periphery of each monitoring section, periodic current excitation is applied to the electrodes to form an electric field on the section to be measured, and current signals receive different feedback due to different conductivity of different substances, and then an distribution diagram of the substances in the pipe is drawn by analyzing the electric field signals. The eight pairs of electrodes divide the tested interface into 316 pixel points, and the number of the pixel points is not influenced by the size of the section. The spatial resolution of the resistance tomography transmitter 8 is 3% of the diameter of the section to be measured, and the image acquisition frequency of the resistance tomography transmitter 8 is 20fps. In addition, the electrode sensor inside the resistance tomography transmitter and the inside of the pipeline need to be kept smooth to prevent the electrode protrusion from affecting the flow, the resistance tomography technology has far exceeding CT, the time resolution of nuclear magnetism and the high time resolution which changes along with the pipe diameter, the high time resolution can achieve timely capturing of the transient motion information of particles, and the non-conductive solid particles in the fluid can be effectively identified when the space resolution is 0.7mm when the cross section diameter is designed to be 1 inch.
The temperature control module comprises a refrigerating unit 25, a water bath communication pipeline 4 and a circulating pipeline heat preservation layer 7, wherein the refrigerating unit 25 is connected with the straight pipe section 2, the bent pipe section 14, the resistance tomography test pipe section 1 and the flowmeter pipe section 3 through the water bath communication pipeline 4, and the water bath communication pipeline 4 is connected with the straight pipe section 2, the bent pipe section 14, the resistance tomography test pipe section 1 and the flowmeter pipe section 3 in a downward flow inlet and upward outlet mode, so that circulating bias flow or dead angles are avoided, the circulating pipeline heat preservation layer 7 is arranged on the radial outer side of the water bath communication pipeline 4 and used for preserving heat of temperature control mediums in the water bath communication pipeline 4.
Example 2
A method for measuring the limiting sedimentation velocity of particles in a flowing liquid, comprising the steps of:
s1, arranging four sections of resistance tomography test tube sections 1 in a distributed arrangement;
S2, cleaning an internal pipeline of the device by using deionized water, and purging the internal pipeline of the device by using nitrogen after cleaning to discharge residual water in the internal pipeline of the device;
S3, after purging water in the internal pipeline of the device, using a vacuum pump 24 to pump air in the straight pipe section 2, the bent pipe section 14, the resistance tomography test pipe section 1, the flowmeter pipe section 3 and the visible pipe section 17, then completely filling the prepared NaCl solution in the straight pipe section 2, the bent pipe section 14, the resistance tomography test pipe section 1, the flowmeter pipe section 3 and the visible pipe section 17, and using a resistance tomography transmitter to acquire conductivity signals of the NaCl solution at the moment as a test background;
Wherein the conductivity of the NaCl solution was configured to be 200. Mu.S;
s4, adding a piece of non-conductive solid particles with the diameter being 3% larger than the diameter of the section 1 of the resistance tomography test tube through an injection funnel 9;
s5, setting the temperature, the liquid pressure and the pump speed as target values, starting a resistance tomography transmitter 8, a mass flowmeter 23, an acquisition camera 16, a temperature sensor 13, a pressure sensor 12 and a differential pressure sensor 10 of a data measurement and acquisition module, judging the current running state of the non-conductive solid particles through four sections of resistance tomography test tube sections 1, and if the non-conductive solid particles are detected to continuously pass through two planes of one section of resistance tomography test tube sections 1, not settling the non-conductive solid particles at the moment; if the non-conductive solid particles pass through the first section of the resistance tomography test tube section 1 and do not pass through the second section, the non-conductive solid particles are settled in the resistance tomography test tube section 1; if the non-conductive solid particles pass through the rear section of the front resistance tomography test tube section 1 and fail the front section of the rear resistance tomography test tube section 1, the non-conductive solid particles are settled between the two sections of the resistance tomography test tube sections 1;
S6, after determining that the non-conductive solid particles can be settled under the current working condition, stopping the device, evacuating substances in the device, changing four sections of the resistance tomography test tube sections 1 into centralized arrangement after evacuating the device, keeping all other parameter settings unchanged, repeating the S2-S4 process, connecting the four sections of the resistance tomography test tube sections 1 together to form a long test tube section, monitoring the non-conductive solid particles when passing through the monitoring section of the long test tube section, and obtaining the ultimate settlement speed, the settlement track, the final settlement position and the relative sliding speed between the non-conductive solid particles and the liquid before the non-conductive solid particles start to be settled by observing the time of the non-conductive solid particles passing through different monitoring sections and the position parts of the non-conductive solid particles on the monitoring section; if the non-conductive solid particles settle outside the long test tube section or only a portion of the settling process is observed, the long test tube section is positioned.
Example 3
In this example, the specific steps of measuring the limiting sedimentation velocity of hydrate particles in a high-pressure, low-temperature and dynamic environment are described, after the hydrate in the oil-gas transportation pipeline is generated, the hydrate usually exists in the form of small solid particles, the particles can continuously grow, and the particles can collide and fuse with each other. When the particle diameter increases to a value where the fluid cannot continue to be carried, particles will deposit at the bottom of the pipe. The hydrate particles are continuously deposited to finally form blocky hydrate to block the pipeline, so that the yield is reduced, equipment damage and casualties are even caused, and the exploration of the limiting sedimentation speed of the hydrate particles is beneficial to the development of a blocking prediction model and the research and development of other blocking prevention and control technologies such as a hydrate inhibitor, a reverse hydrate interface and the like.
The step of detecting the limiting sedimentation velocity of the hydrate particles by the device of the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, cleaning an internal pipeline of the device by using deionized water, and purging the internal pipeline of the device by using nitrogen after cleaning to discharge residual water in the internal pipeline of the device;
S2, after purging water in an internal pipeline of the device, using a vacuum pump 24 to pump air in a multiphase circulation module, adding a certain amount of oil-based carbon nanotubes into mineral oil to adjust the conductivity of the mineral oil to 200 mu S, simultaneously preparing a certain amount of NaCl solution with the conductivity of 200 mu S, injecting the mineral oil and the NaCl solution into an experimental system, and using a resistance chromatography imaging transmitter to acquire a conductivity signal of the solution at the moment as a test background;
S3, opening an air injection valve and a liquid discharge valve of the multiphase circulation module, slowly injecting methane gas at 0.3MPa, simultaneously driving out solution in the system, and closing the liquid discharge valve of the system when the liquid content of the system is 95%;
s4, adjusting the pressure at the outlet end of the pressure reducing valve 18 to be 6Mpa, starting to inject methane, simultaneously starting a temperature control module, setting the temperature to be 20 ℃, starting a high-pressure sliding vane pump 34 to ensure the sufficient dissolution of methane gas in mineral oil and water, and finally stabilizing the temperature in a pipeline of the multiphase circulation module to be 20 ℃ and setting the air inflow to be 0;
S5, after the temperature of the temperature control module is adjusted to be 4 ℃, the temperature is reduced, and the data measurement and acquisition module is started;
S6, when the methane gas hydrate meets the phase equilibrium condition, hydrate particles begin to appear in the liquid, although the oil-water mixture can generate certain emulsification phenomenon in the flowing process, the generation of the hydrate can break the emulsification, because the experimental system belongs to a constant pressure experimental system, the water solution in the system can be completely converted into the hydrate in theory, the basic physical property parameters of the oil phase in the non-reactive phase experimental process cannot be changed, the oil phase is a stable background solution, after the hydrate particles in the oil main phase system are generated, the particles are firstly agglomerated and gradually grow into large particles due to the moisture on the surfaces of the particles, the temperature sensor 13 can capture the exothermic reaction during the generation of the hydrate, and meanwhile, the acquisition camera 16 can be used as an auxiliary means for judging the generation of the hydrate;
S7, when the hydrate particles in the multiphase mixture are aggregated and grown to a certain size and exceed the carrying capacity of liquid, the hydrate particles start to settle towards the bottom of the pipeline, unlike single particle measurement, at the moment, the hydrate particles in the oil main phase system are relatively more, the resistance tomography test tube section 1 is directly arranged in a centralized mode, conductivity signals are captured when the motion resistance tomography test tube section 1 in the oil phase passes through four resistance tomography transmitters, characteristic signals among all the hydrate particles are different although the quantity is more, the electric signals of the hydrate particles are identified and related through a cross correlation algorithm, the time and the position when the hydrate particles pass through eight sections can be measured, and then the motion speed before the hydrate particles settle, namely the limit settlement speed, the settlement track and the final settlement position can be calculated. The mass flowmeter 23 is used to measure the movement velocity of the liquid at this time, and the difference between the movement velocity of the hydrate particles and the movement velocity of the liquid is the relative slip velocity of the hydrate particles.
The embodiments of the invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and are not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
Claims (7)
1. The device for measuring the limiting sedimentation velocity of particles in flowing liquid is characterized by comprising a liquid injection module, a pressure stabilizing and gas injection module, a multiphase circulation module, a data measurement and acquisition module and a temperature control module; the liquid injection module is connected with the multiphase circulation module and is used for injecting normal-pressure experimental liquid or high-pressure experimental liquid into the multiphase circulation module; the pressure-stabilizing gas injection module is connected with the multiphase circulation module and is used for injecting experiment gas with constant pressure into the multiphase circulation module; the pressure stabilizing and gas injecting module comprises a high-pressure gas cylinder group, a high-pressure buffer tank (26), a gas booster (21) and a pressure reducing valve (18), wherein the high-pressure gas cylinder group comprises a plurality of gas source gas cylinders (20), the gas source gas cylinders (20) are connected in parallel and then connected with the high-pressure buffer tank (26) through gas supply pipelines, a stop valve (19) is arranged between the high-pressure gas cylinder group and the high-pressure buffer tank (26), valves are arranged on outlet pipelines of the gas source gas cylinders (20), the gas booster (21) is connected with the gas supply pipelines in parallel, the valves are arranged at two ends of the gas booster (21), and the high-pressure buffer tank (26) is connected with an inlet of the multiphase circulation module; the multiphase circulation module is used for performing flow circulation on the injected multiphase fluid; the data measurement and acquisition module is connected with the multiphase circulation module and is used for measuring and acquiring the motion information of solid particles in multiphase fluid in the multiphase circulation module and collecting and storing the measured and acquired information; the temperature control module is connected with the multiphase circulation module and is used for controlling the temperature of the multiphase circulation module; the multi-phase circulation module comprises a visual tube section (17) and a resistance tomography test tube section (1), the data measurement and acquisition module and the temperature control module comprise acquisition cameras (16) and resistance tomography transmitters (8), the acquisition cameras (16) are arranged at the visual tube section (17) and are used for observing the generation and the passing of particles, the resistance tomography transmitters (8) are arranged at the resistance tomography test tube section (1) and are used for measuring the particle speed, the number of the resistance tomography transmitters (8) is four, and the resistance tomography transmitters (8) are provided with two monitoring sections;
The multiphase circulation module further comprises a circulation pipeline group, a high-pressure sliding vane pump (5) and a vacuum pump (24); the circulating pipeline group is connected with the visual pipeline section (17) and the resistance tomography test pipeline section (1) to form a loop, the circulating pipeline group comprises a plurality of straight pipeline sections (2), two bent pipeline sections (14) and a flowmeter pipeline section (3), the high-pressure sliding vane pump (5) is respectively connected with the straight pipeline sections (2) at the inlet and the straight pipeline sections (2) at the outlet of the circulating pipeline group and is used for providing power for the flowing circulation of multiphase fluid, and the vacuum pump (24) is connected with the straight pipeline sections (2) at the exhaust port of the circulating pipeline group and is used for exhausting air in the circulating pipeline group;
the resistance tomography test tube sections (1) are four sections, and the four sections of the resistance tomography test tube sections (1) are distributed or centralized; when four sections of the resistance tomography test tube sections (1) are distributed, the four sections of the resistance tomography test tube sections (1) are distributed at intervals, the first section of the resistance tomography test tube section (1) is arranged at the rear part of the flowmeter tube section (3), and the other three sections of the resistance tomography test tube sections (1) are distributed and arranged between two bent tube sections (14); when the four sections of the resistance tomography test tube sections (1) are arranged in a centralized way, the four sections of the resistance tomography test tube sections (1) are connected together and are arranged between the two bent tube sections (14);
The data measurement and acquisition module further comprises a mass flowmeter (23), a temperature sensor (13), a pressure sensor (12) and a differential pressure sensor (10); the mass flowmeter (23) is arranged at the flowmeter pipe section (3), the temperature sensor (13) and the pressure sensor (12) are both arranged at the inlet of the resistance tomography test pipe section (1), one end of the differential pressure sensor (10) is connected with the straight pipe section (2) at the inlet of the multiphase circulation module, and the other end of the differential pressure sensor is connected with the straight pipe section (2) at the outlet of the multiphase circulation module.
2. A device for measuring the limiting sedimentation velocity of particles in a flowing liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that the liquid injection module comprises an injection funnel (9), a liquid container (6) and a manual injection pump (32); the utility model provides a multiphase circulation module, including multiphase circulation module, pouring hopper (9) are located the entry of multiphase circulation module for manual injection experimental liquid, liquid container (6) are used for holding experimental liquid, liquid container (6) with manual pouring pump (32) are connected, manual pouring pump (32) with multiphase circulation module's entry connection is used for with experimental liquid in liquid container (6) pumps into under the state of taking the pressure in the multiphase circulation module, manual pouring pump (32) with be equipped with the manometer between multiphase circulation module's the entry for measure and show the pressure of pumping experimental liquid, the manometer with between multiphase circulation module's the entry and pour into hopper (9) with multiphase circulation module's entry all is equipped with ball valve (11).
3. A device for measuring the limiting sedimentation velocity of particles in a flowing liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure stabilizing and gas injection module further comprises a stop valve (19), a pneumatic valve (27), a gas flow meter (28) and a check valve (31); a stop valve (19) is arranged between the high-pressure gas cylinder group and the high-pressure buffer tank (26), and a pneumatic valve (27), a gas flowmeter (28) and a check valve (31) are sequentially arranged between the high-pressure buffer tank (26) and an inlet of the multiphase circulation module.
4. The device for measuring the limiting sedimentation velocity of particles in flowing liquid according to claim 1, wherein the pipeline pressure limits of the straight pipe section (2), the bent pipe section (14), the resistance tomography test pipe section (1), the flowmeter pipe section (3) and the visible pipe section (17) are all 10Mpa, the straight pipe section (2), the bent pipe section (14), the resistance tomography test pipe section (1) and the flowmeter pipe section (3) are all stainless steel sandwich sleeves, the stainless steel sandwich sleeves comprise an inner layer and an outer layer, the inner layer is used for flowing working medium, the outer layer is used for flowing temperature control medium, openings are respectively arranged on the upper portion and the lower portion of the outer layer, the temperature control medium goes into under and goes out, the opening passes through hose connection temperature control module, connects through the flange between two stainless steel intermediate layer sleeve pipes, and the flange top is equipped with the drilling and is used for installing temperature sensor probe and pressure sensor probe, is equipped with telescopic joint (22) between stainless steel intermediate layer sleeve pipe and the flange, telescopic joint (22) are used for eliminating the deformation that internal stress led to when pipeline section flange joint, resistance tomography test pipeline section (1), flowmeter pipeline section (3) and visual pipeline section (17) all are connected with the base through the support, the withstand voltage limit of high pressure gleitbretter pump (5) is 10Mpa, and transport pressure differential is 1Mpa.
5. The device for measuring the limiting sedimentation velocity of particles in flowing liquid according to claim 1, wherein eight pairs of electrodes are arranged on the periphery of the monitoring section, an electric field is formed on the measured section by applying periodic current excitation to the electrodes, the eight pairs of electrodes divide the measured interface into 316 pixel points, the spatial resolution of the resistance tomography transmitter (8) is 3% of the diameter of the measured section, and the image acquisition frequency of the resistance tomography transmitter (8) is 20fps.
6. The device for measuring the limiting sedimentation velocity of particles in flowing liquid according to claim 1, wherein the temperature control module comprises a refrigerating unit (25), a water bath communication pipeline (4) and a circulating pipeline heat preservation layer (7), the refrigerating unit (25) is connected with the straight pipe section (2), the bent pipe section (14), the resistance tomography test pipe section (1) and the flowmeter pipe section (3) through the water bath communication pipeline (4), and the circulating pipeline heat preservation layer (7) is arranged on the radial outer side of the water bath communication pipeline (4) and is used for preserving temperature of a temperature control medium in the water bath communication pipeline (4).
7. A method for measuring the limiting sedimentation velocity of particles in a flowing liquid, characterized in that the limiting sedimentation velocity of particles in a flowing liquid is measured by using the limiting sedimentation velocity measuring device of particles in a flowing liquid according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
S1, arranging four sections of the resistance tomography test tube sections (1) in a distributed arrangement;
S2, cleaning an internal pipeline of the device by using deionized water, and purging the internal pipeline of the device by using nitrogen after cleaning to discharge residual water in the internal pipeline of the device;
S3, after purging moisture in the pipeline inside the device, using the vacuum pump (24) to pump air in the straight pipe section (2), the bent pipe section (14), the resistance tomography test pipe section (1), the flowmeter pipe section (3) and the visible pipe section (17), and then completely filling the configured NaCl solution in the straight pipe section (2), the bent pipe section (14), the resistance tomography test pipe section (1), the flowmeter pipe section (3) and the visible pipe section (17), and using the resistance tomography transmitter to collect conductivity signals of the NaCl solution at the moment as a test background;
S4, adding a piece of non-conductive solid particles with the diameter being 3% larger than the diameter of the section of the resistance tomography test tube section (1) through an injection funnel (9);
S5, setting the temperature, the liquid pressure and the pump speed as target values, starting a resistance tomography transmitter (8), a mass flowmeter (23), an acquisition camera (16), a temperature sensor (13), a pressure sensor (12) and a differential pressure sensor (10) of the data measurement and acquisition module, judging the current running state of the non-conductive solid particles through four sections of the resistance tomography test tube sections (1), and if the non-conductive solid particles are detected to continuously pass through two planes of one section of the resistance tomography test tube sections (1), not settling the non-conductive solid particles at the moment; if the non-conductive solid particles pass through a first section of the resistance tomography test tube section (1) and do not pass through a second section, the non-conductive solid particles are settled in the resistance tomography test tube section (1); if the non-conductive solid particles pass through the rear section of the front resistance tomography test tube section (1) and fail the front section of the rear resistance tomography test tube section (1), the non-conductive solid particles are settled between the two sections of the resistance tomography test tube section (1);
S6, after determining that the non-conductive solid particles can be settled under the current working condition, stopping the device, evacuating substances in the device, changing four sections of the resistance tomography test tube sections (1) into centralized arrangement after evacuating the device, keeping all other parameter settings unchanged, repeating the S2-S4 process, wherein the four sections of the resistance tomography test tube sections (1) are connected together to form a long test tube section, and the non-conductive solid particles can be monitored when passing through the monitoring section of the non-conductive solid particles, and the limiting settlement speed, the settlement track, the final settlement position and the relative sliding speed between the non-conductive solid particles and liquid before the non-conductive solid particles start to be settled can be obtained by observing the time of the non-conductive solid particles passing through different monitoring sections and the position part of the non-conductive solid particles on the monitoring section; if the non-conductive solid particles settle outside of the long test tube segment or only a portion of the settling process is observed, the long test tube segment is positioned.
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