CN116418313B - Digital power distributor and method for power amplification - Google Patents
Digital power distributor and method for power amplification Download PDFInfo
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- CN116418313B CN116418313B CN202310681972.0A CN202310681972A CN116418313B CN 116418313 B CN116418313 B CN 116418313B CN 202310681972 A CN202310681972 A CN 202310681972A CN 116418313 B CN116418313 B CN 116418313B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H11/00—Networks using active elements
- H03H11/02—Multiple-port networks
- H03H11/04—Frequency selective two-port networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/20—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/45—Differential amplifiers
- H03F3/45071—Differential amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
- H03F3/45479—Differential amplifiers with semiconductor devices only characterised by the way of common mode signal rejection
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
A digital power distributor of power amplification relates to the technical field of digital power distributors for regulating electrical variables, an antenna is connected with a coupler, the coupler is connected with a microstrip line filter, the microstrip line filter is connected with a differential amplification circuit, the differential amplification circuit is connected with an analog-to-digital converter, the analog-to-digital converter is connected with a multichannel power distribution unit, and a digital signal processor is connected with the multichannel power distribution unit; the antenna receives microwaves or millimeter waves and converts the microwaves or millimeter waves into high-frequency electric signals, the coupler couples the high-frequency electric signals to the microstrip line filter, the microstrip line filter filters the high-frequency electric signals to form first-time filtered high-frequency electric signals, the differential amplification circuit amplifies the first-time filtered high-frequency electric signals, the analog-to-digital converter digitizes the first-time amplified electric signals, and the digital signal processor controls the multichannel power distribution unit to distribute power; a power amplifying power distributor method uses digital signal processor to control multi-channel power distributor to distribute power.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of digital power dividers for adjusting electric variables, in particular to a digital power divider for amplifying power and a method thereof.
Background
The accuracy of the analog power divider is affected by factors such as the accuracy of components, temperature drift and the like, so that high-accuracy power division is difficult to realize; components in the analog power divider are easily affected by electromagnetic interference, temperature change and other factors, so that the operation is unstable or damaged; certain internal resistance exists in components in the analog power divider, so that power loss is increased, and power distribution efficiency is affected; the analog power divider needs a large number of components, so that the analog power divider is large in size and heavy in weight, and is not beneficial to integration and application; the analog power divider usually needs to manually adjust circuit parameters, is difficult to realize automatic control, and is not beneficial to being applied to a large-scale system; meanwhile, it is difficult for the existing power divider to process high frequency signals and output high power.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of at least one of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to filter and amplify an analog signal, convert the analog signal into a digital signal by high-speed data conversion, distribute power in multiple channels, amplify and filter the digital signal, and provide a power amplified digital power distributor and method.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
a power amplified digital power divider and method comprising: the device comprises an antenna, a coupler, a microstrip line filter, a differential amplification circuit, an analog-to-digital converter ADC, a multichannel power distribution unit and a digital signal processor DSP, wherein the antenna is connected with the coupler; the antenna receives microwaves or millimeter waves and converts the microwaves or millimeter waves into high-frequency electric signals, the coupler couples the high-frequency electric signals to the microstrip line filter, the microstrip line filter filters the high-frequency electric signals to form first-time filtered high-frequency electric signals, the differential amplifying circuit amplifies the first-time filtered high-frequency electric signals to form first-time amplified electric signals, the analog-to-digital converter ADC digitizes the first-time amplified electric signals to form first-time digitized amplified electric signals, and the digital signal processor DSP controls the multichannel power distribution unit to distribute power;
further, the antenna receives microwaves or millimeter waves and converts the microwaves or millimeter waves into high-frequency electric signals; it should be noted that, the high-frequency electric signal is a high-frequency analog signal, the antenna is a device for receiving microwave or millimeter wave signals, the frequency range of the microwave is 1 GHz to 300 GHz, the wavelength is 1 millimeter to 1 meter, and the application of the microwave is very wide, such as communication, radar, satellite communication, etc.; the millimeter wave has the advantages of high frequency band, such as high data transmission speed, short signal transmission distance, strong anti-interference performance and the like, and the application fields of the millimeter wave comprise wireless communication, radar and the like; the antenna adopts one of an oscillator antenna, a feed source antenna or a grating antenna, and the antenna converts a microwave signal into an electric signal for receiving and processing through interaction of an electromagnetic field and the microwave signal;
Further, the coupler couples the high-frequency electric signal to the microstrip line filter; it should be noted that, the coupler couples the microwave or millimeter wave signals received by the antenna to the downstream circuit, the microwave or millimeter wave signals are high-frequency signals, and because the frequency of the signals in these frequency bands is very high, they have short wavelength and high frequency, so that high-speed data transmission and high-resolution communication can be realized, and meanwhile, the signals in these frequency bands also have smaller transmission distance and stronger attenuation characteristics; the coupler adopts a vector modulation coupler, the high-frequency electric signals are coupled by the vector modulation coupler, the vector modulation coupler (Vector Modulation Coupler, VMC) is a coupler for microwave and millimeter wave frequency bands, one signal is divided into two different signals, one signal is modulated and then is coupled back, the working principle of the vector modulation coupler VMC is that an input signal is divided into two paths, one path carries out phase or amplitude modulation through one modulator, the other path carries out phase adjustment through one phase shifter, then the two paths of signals are coupled through one coupling joint, phase difference or amplitude difference exists between the modulated signals and original signals, and the vector modulation coupler VMC is used for precisely controlling high-frequency application such as radar, communication and measurement systems, realizes high-precision phase modulation and amplitude modulation and has higher bandwidth and transmission rate;
Further, the microstrip line filter filters the high-frequency electric signal to form a first filtered high-frequency electric signal, and the microstrip line filter includes: a main microstrip line 101, a slave microstrip line 102, a ring resonator, and a serial band; the main microstrip line 101 includes: the conductor, medium and ground level, the main microstrip line 101 is a conductor bar, and is made of a metal strip, and the width, thickness and length of the metal strip mainly determine the characteristics of the microstrip line filter, including impedance, loss, bandwidth, center frequency, and the like, specifically: width: the microstrip line width affects the impedance and the loss, the wider microstrip line provides lower impedance, the narrower microstrip line reduces the loss, but the impedance is improved, generally, the impedance is reduced along with the increase of the microstrip line width, and the loss is reduced along with the decrease of the microstrip line width; thickness: the thickness of the microstrip line affects the impedance and the loss, the thicker microstrip line provides lower impedance, the thinner microstrip line can reduce the loss, but the impedance can be improved, generally, the impedance can be reduced along with the thickness increase of the microstrip line, and the loss can be reduced along with the thickness decrease of the microstrip line; length: the microstrip line length is generally determined by the characteristic impedance and the target center frequency of the microstrip line, a shorter microstrip line provides a higher center frequency, a longer microstrip line provides a lower center frequency, and the longer the microstrip line is, the greater the loss is; the microstrip line filter is usually positioned at the center of the microstrip line filter and is responsible for transmitting signals; the dielectric is under the conductor for isolating the electric field between the conductor and the ground level, and the dielectric is usually made of a material with low dielectric constant, such as Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or glass fiber reinforced polyimide (FR-4), and the ground level is another layer of metal under the main microstrip line 101 and is used as a signal return path; the phase shift between the main microstrip line 101 and the slave microstrip line 102 is 90 degrees, which is to obtain a better filtering effect, and the phase shift between the main microstrip line 101 and the slave microstrip line 102 is 90 degrees by adding a phase shifter on the slave microstrip line 102, wherein the phase shifter is a single element or a simple coil, and the phase shifter can change the current phase on the microstrip line, so as to realize the phase shift; the main microstrip line 101 and the slave microstrip line 102 are separated by a reflector, in the microstrip line antenna array, signals between the main microstrip line 101 and the slave microstrip line 102 interfere with each other to influence the performance of the array, therefore, the reflector is used for reflecting signals of the slave microstrip line 102 and guiding the signals back to one port of the slave microstrip line 102 so as to avoid signal interference, the principle of the reflector is that the reflection characteristic of the signals on the microstrip line is utilized, when the signals encounter a section of loads with different impedance, the reflector uses the characteristic, an open circuit or short circuit element is added between the slave microstrip line 102 and the main microstrip line 101 to reflect the signals of the slave microstrip line 102, the reflector is used for reflecting the signals of the slave microstrip line 102 back to the source end and preventing the signals from entering the main microstrip line 101, so that signal interference is avoided, and in addition, the reflector can introduce a fixed phase difference between the main microstrip line 101 and the slave microstrip line 102 so as to control the phase and amplitude response of the microstrip line antenna array to ensure that the phase and amplitude response are more optimized; the reflector adopts one of the following two kinds, and the reflector includes: the short-circuit type reflector and the open-circuit type reflector are characterized in that a short-circuit line segment is added between the main microstrip line 101 and the auxiliary microstrip line 102, signals from the microstrip line 102 are reflected back through short circuit, the reflector is generally simpler and easy to manufacture, but the short-circuit type reflector must be calculated and adjusted according to the characteristics and the impedance of the microstrip line, and good reflection effect is ensured; the open-circuit reflector is to add an open circuit or mount a reflector in the middle between the main microstrip line 101 and the auxiliary microstrip line 102, reflect the signal from the microstrip line 102 back through the open circuit, and the reflector needs more space, but because the phase difference is easier to adjust and control; the series strip is a microstrip line connected with a main microstrip line 101 and a ring resonator, the length and the width of the series strip determine the response frequency, the main microstrip line 101, a slave microstrip line 102 and the series strip form an input end and an output end, the ring resonator is connected in series between the main microstrip line 101 and the series strip, the ring resonator comprises an inner ring and an outer ring, a ring cavity is formed between the inner ring and the outer ring, the slave microstrip line 102 is led out from the outer ring, the main microstrip line 101 is led out from the ring cavity, and the series strip bypasses the ring resonator and is led out from the inner ring; the ring resonator includes a ring resonator and a microstrip line, the inner and outer rings of the ring resonator form a ring cavity, specifically, the shape and size of the inner and outer rings are in one-to-one correspondence with frequencies so as to form resonance in a set frequency range, such as 50 GHz to 200GHz, when microwave or millimeter wave signals are transmitted to the ring resonator, it is repeatedly reflected in the ring cavity to form a stable resonance mode, the resonance mode can be used in many applications, such as a filter, an oscillator, a frequency synthesizer, etc., a dielectric substrate is disposed below the ring resonator to separate the ring resonator from a ground layer, and the dielectric substrate is made of one of aluminum nitride, aluminum oxide, or glass fiber reinforced polyimide (FR-4); the electric field and the magnetic field on the microstrip line interact to generate resonance, the microstrip line and the ring resonator are connected through a coupling element, such as a coupling capacitor, a coupling inductor and the like, so that signal transmission between the resonator and the microstrip line is realized, a radio frequency signal is introduced into one end of the ring, the signal is reflected in the ring for a plurality of times, such as 5 times or 10 times, so as to generate resonance, and the resonance frequency depends on the geometric dimension and the dielectric characteristic of the ring and is used as the center frequency of the filter; the fundamental principle of the ring resonator is that a signal with a specific frequency is cut out from the microstrip line 102 by utilizing the natural frequency of the resonator, so that a function of selective filtering is achieved, when the frequency of an input electromagnetic wave is equal to the natural frequency of the resonator, the electromagnetic wave forms a closed loop inside the ring resonator, resonance is generated inside the resonator, and an output signal keeps a strong amplitude; when the frequency of the input electromagnetic wave is far away from the natural frequency of the resonator, the input signal cannot form a closed loop inside the resonator, so that the output signal is very weak; therefore, the natural frequency of the ring resonator is determined mainly by adjusting the size and the shape of the ring resonator, so that the purposes of frequency selection and filtering are realized; due to the characteristics of small volume, low loss and the like, the ring resonator has wide application in the aspects of filtering and signal selection application of microwave and millimeter wave frequency bands; when the ring resonator is connected with the main microstrip line 101, electromagnetic coupling is used, and electromagnetic coupling is realized by directly connecting one end of the ring resonator with the main microstrip line 101 to form an open circuit or short circuit structure between the main microstrip line 101 and the ring resonator, or connecting the ring resonator with a section of serially connected microstrip line; when the ring resonator is connected with the slave microstrip line 102, electromagnetic coupling is realized by directly connecting one end of the ring resonator with the slave microstrip line 102 and changing the width and the length of the transmission line at the connection position, or the ring resonator is directly connected with the two slave microstrip lines 102 in a bidirectional coupling mode, so that electromagnetic coupling is realized; the annular resonator is utilized to counteract phase shift caused by the microstrip line, so that the resonance problem of the traditional microstrip line filter is avoided, and meanwhile, the annular resonator forms a resonance wave path, so that the bandwidth is greatly increased, the effect of the microstrip line filter with wider bandwidth is achieved, and in addition, the microstrip line filter has stronger anti-interference capability; it should be noted that microstrip filters are also used in the multichannel power distribution unit;
Further, the differential amplification circuit amplifies the first filtered high-frequency electric signal to form a first amplified electric signal; it should be noted that, the differential amplification circuit amplifies the first filtered high-frequency electric signal and outputs a high-power signal, so as to enhance the transmission distance and penetration of the signal, and the differential amplification circuit amplifies the first filtered high-frequency electric signal, which has the advantages that: the first advantage is that the differential amplification circuit can amplify weak first filtered high frequency electrical signals so that the signals can be processed by subsequent circuits; the second advantage is that the differential amplifying circuit can suppress common mode interference, and the common mode signal is amplified simultaneously, but the differential mode signal is amplified more; a third advantage is that the signal-to-noise ratio is improved, and the signal-to-noise ratio is also improved due to the suppression of common mode interference; the fourth advantage is that the interference to the ground is reduced, the differential amplifying circuit can reduce the interference to the ground, and the differential amplifying circuit does not depend on the ground wire as a reference point for signal transmission; the fifth advantage is that the linearity is enhanced, the linearity of the differential amplifying circuit is very good, the occurrence of nonlinear distortion can be reduced, and the signal precision is improved; the first filtered high-frequency electric signal is converted from microwaves or millimeter waves, and belongs to high-frequency signals, a transistor is used in a differential amplifying circuit, the reason is that the transistor is suitable for low-power and high-frequency application, a field effect transistor is suitable for high-power and low-frequency application, the differential amplifying circuit realizes high-power output by increasing power supply voltage and using the high-power transistor, when the power supply voltage is increased, the output voltage of the differential amplifying circuit is correspondingly increased, the output power of the differential amplifying circuit can be increased by using the high-power transistor, and attention is paid to the fact that heat dissipation and protection measures of the transistor are needed to avoid damaging the transistor and the circuit, in addition, correct circuit design and wiring are very important, signal loss and noise interference can be reduced, and the output power is improved;
Further, the analog-to-digital converter ADC digitizes the first amplified electrical signal to form a first digitized amplified electrical signal; it should be noted that, the first filtered high-frequency electric signal is an Analog signal, and an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) converts the first amplified electric signal into a digital signal, and the ADC includes: the analog-to-digital conversion circuit is connected with the sampling and holding circuit; the sampling hold circuit is the first part of the analog-to-digital converter ADC, is used for gathering the analog signal and keeping its value unchanged, in order to carry on the subsequent analog-to-digital conversion, its operation principle is that turn on the sampling switch while sampling, introduce the analog signal into the holding capacitor, then turn off the sampling switch, the holding capacitor maintains the original voltage; the analog-to-digital conversion circuit is a core part of an analog-to-digital converter ADC and is used for converting an analog signal into a digital signal, the analog-to-digital conversion circuit adopts an integral analog-to-digital converter or an approximation analog-to-digital converter, the integral analog-to-digital converter integrates an input signal and compares an integration result with a reference voltage so as to output a digital signal, and the integral analog-to-digital converter has the main advantages of realizing high resolution and high precision, but has the defects of slower speed and suitability for low-speed application; the analog-to-digital converter converts the input signal into a digital signal by comparing a reference voltage with a gradually changing digital quantity, and has the main advantages of high speed, suitability for high-speed application, but relatively low precision and resolution, and two types of analog-to-digital converters: the single-integration type and the double-integration type are simple, and the precision is relatively low; the double-integration type precision is higher, and more circuits are needed; the digital output interface is the last part of the analog-to-digital converter ADC, converts the digital signal into a usable data format, the data format is a binary value, and the digital output interface comprises various types such as serial output, parallel output, universal bus interface and the like; the output format comprises two's complement, two's inverse, two's original code and the like;
Further, the multichannel power distribution unit comprises a plurality of single-channel power distribution units, each single-channel power distribution unit comprises a microstrip line, a power input port, a power distribution control circuit, a gallium nitride field effect transistor, a common base amplifier, a common set amplifier, a microstrip line filter and a power output port, the power distribution control circuit controls the gallium nitride field effect transistor, the common base amplifier and the common set amplifier, the multichannel power distribution unit consists of a plurality of single-channel power distribution units and shares one power input port, and it is required to be explained that the gallium nitride field effect transistor (GaN FET) is a high-performance semiconductor device and is mainly used in the application fields of a power amplifier, a switch, a converter and the like, is made of gallium nitride materials, has the advantages of high electron mobility, high voltage resistance, high frequency response, low on resistance and the like, can realize circuit design of high efficiency, high speed and high power density, the working principle of the gallium nitride field effect transistor is to control the width of an electron channel by using a grid, so that compared with the traditional silicon base field effect transistor, the gallium nitride field effect transistor has higher switching speed and lower power consumption and higher efficiency can be realized; an N-type gallium nitride field effect transistor is adopted as a control switch of a single-channel power distribution unit, three poles are a source electrode (S), a drain electrode (D) and a grid electrode (G) respectively, the source electrode (S) is a digital signal output end of the N-type gallium nitride field effect transistor, the source electrode (S) is connected with a load circuit and is responsible for outputting digital signals, the drain electrode (D) is a digital signal input end of the N-type gallium nitride field effect transistor, the drain electrode (D) is connected with a signal source and is responsible for inputting digital signals, and the grid electrode (G) is a control end of the N-type gallium nitride field effect transistor and controls the on and off of the N-type gallium nitride field effect transistor; connection sequence and principle of single-channel power distribution unit from power input port to power output port: the power distribution control circuit is connected with the grid electrode (G) of the N-type gallium nitride field effect transistor of the control channel, the source electrode (S) of the N-type gallium nitride field effect transistor is connected with the input end of the common base amplifier, the grid electrode (G) of the N-type gallium nitride field effect transistor in the common base amplifier and the common collector amplifier are respectively connected with the power distribution control circuit, the output end of the common base amplifier is connected with the input end of the common collector amplifier, the output end of the common collector amplifier is connected with the input end of the microstrip line filter, and the output end of the microstrip line filter is connected with the power output port; the first digitally amplified electric signal flows into an N-type gallium nitride field effect transistor of a control channel from a power input port, is amplified by a common base amplifier and a common collector amplifier, is filtered by a microstrip line filter, and flows out from the power output port; the microstrip line has the advantages that the microstrip line is used as a connecting line in the single-channel power distribution unit: the miniaturization is realized, and the microstrip line can be manufactured into a very fine line; the high-frequency characteristic is good, and the characteristic impedance of the microstrip line can meet the requirement of a high-frequency circuit through design and adjustment; the loss of the microstrip line is lower than that of a traditional lead with the same length, so that the efficiency of the circuit can be improved; the microstrip line can be manufactured by a printing technology, and is convenient to manufacture and install; the manufacturing cost of the microstrip line is lower than that of other connecting lines; the reliability is high, the connection mode of the microstrip line is simple, the reliability is high, and the connection problem is not easy to occur; the N-type gallium nitride field effect transistor of the control channel is used for controlling the single-channel power distribution unit to be switched on and off by the power distribution control circuit; the method comprises the steps of constructing a common base amplifier and a common collector amplifier by taking an N-type gallium nitride field effect transistor as a core, wherein the common base amplifier and the common collector amplifier are in cascade connection, the output end of the common base amplifier is connected with the input end of the common collector amplifier, the common base amplifier and the common collector amplifier are in cascade connection, the common collector amplifier is arranged at the later stage, the output resistance of the common collector amplifier is small, the load can be effectively matched, the reflection loss is reduced, and the power conversion efficiency is improved; the common-base amplifier can amplify voltage and cannot amplify current, the common-collector amplifier cannot amplify voltage and can amplify current, and the common-base amplifier and the common-collector amplifier are both applicable to high-frequency signals, and the common-base amplifier and the common-collector amplifier are also characterized by high-frequency signals after being converted into digital signals due to the fact that microwaves or millimeter waves belong to the high-frequency signals; the common base amplifier composed of gallium nitride field effect transistors has the following characteristics: excellent high frequency characteristics: the gallium nitride material has high electron mobility and high saturation drift speed, so that the gallium nitride field effect transistor has excellent high-frequency characteristics, and the cut-off frequency and gain bandwidth product of the common-base amplifier are relatively high; low noise figure: the gallium nitride material has the characteristic of low noise coefficient, and the low-impedance input and the high-impedance output of the common-base amplifier are added, so that the amplifier has advantages in high-frequency low-noise application; the power supply voltage is low: the gate voltage of the gallium nitride field effect transistor is relatively low, and the gallium nitride field effect transistor can be driven by a low-voltage power supply, so that the power consumption is reduced; miniaturization: the gallium nitride material has high electron density and heat conductivity, and can be used for preparing devices with micro-size, thereby realizing miniaturization and integration; the stability is good: the gallium nitride material has excellent thermal stability and irradiation resistance, and can stably work for a long time under high temperature and irradiation environment; the common-set amplifier composed of gallium nitride field effect transistors has the following characteristics: excellent high frequency characteristics: gallium nitride materials have high electron mobility and short carrier lifetime, thus enabling high frequency amplification and switching operations; low noise: the noise coefficient of the gallium nitride material is low, so that the design of the amplifier with low noise can be realized; high gain: the common-set amplifier has high input impedance and low output impedance, and can realize the design of the amplifier with high gain; the stability is good: the common-set amplifier has a negative feedback function, so that the stability of the amplifier can be improved; the common-base amplifier composed of gallium nitride field effect transistors is cascaded with the characteristics of the common-collector amplifier composed of gallium nitride field effect transistors: high gain: the gallium nitride field effect transistor has high gain characteristics, so that the combination of the common-base amplifier and the common-set amplifier can realize higher total gain; wide bandwidth: since the gallium nitride field effect transistor has high frequency characteristics, the combination of the common-base amplifier and the common-set amplifier can realize wider bandwidth; low noise: gallium nitride field effect transistors have low noise characteristics, so the combination of a common-base amplifier and a common-set amplifier can achieve lower total noise; high linearity: since gallium nitride field effect transistors have high linearity characteristics, the combination of the common-base amplifier and the common-set amplifier can achieve higher business; the stability is good: because the gallium nitride field effect transistor has the characteristic of good stability, the combination of the common-base amplifier and the common-collector amplifier can realize a more stable working state; low power consumption: the gallium nitride material has high electron mobility and low capacitance, and can realize the design of an amplifier with low power consumption; the advantage of the cascade connection between the output of the common-base amplifier and the input of the common-base amplifier is that: the common-base amplifier has the characteristics of low input resistance, high output resistance, large voltage amplification factor, small current amplification factor and the like; the common-set amplifier has the characteristics of high input resistance, low output resistance, small voltage amplification factor, large current amplification factor and the like, and the common-set amplifier can fully exert the respective advantages of the common-set amplifier and the output resistance of the common-set amplifier, so that a better amplification effect is obtained; the input end of the common-set amplifier can provide lower input resistance, so that signals can be better transmitted to the amplifier, and therefore, high amplification gain and low output impedance can be obtained by combining the input end and the output end, and meanwhile, better signal integrity can be maintained, so that better amplification effect is realized; the power distribution control circuit controls the gains of the common-base amplifier and the common-set amplifier; the microstrip line filter filters the digital signal;
Further, the digital signal processor DSP controls the multichannel power distribution unit; it should be noted that, the specific control of the digital signal processor DSP (Digital Signal Processor) to the multi-channel power distribution unit is as follows:
a data path module: the data path of the digital signal processor DSP mainly comprises an arithmetic logic unit ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit), a register file, a memory and a control unit, wherein the arithmetic logic unit ALU is used for completing operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, shift and the like; the register file is used for storing data and instructions; the memory is used for storing data and instructions; the control unit is used for controlling the operation of the data path; the data path module controls the multichannel power distribution unit through the power distribution control circuit, the grid electrode (G) of the N-type gallium nitride field effect transistor of the control channel is controlled by the power distribution control circuit, for example, the multichannel power distribution unit is provided with 5 or 10 single-channel power distribution units, in a specific scene, 2 or 6 single-channel power distribution units are required to be conducted, the power distributed by each single-channel power distribution unit from a power input port is accurately controlled through calculation of the data path module, the accurate voltage is input to the grid electrode (G) of the N-type gallium nitride field effect transistor of the control channel, and 2 or 6 single-channel power distribution units are conducted, so that whether the 2 or 6 single-channel power distribution units are uniform power or not can be realized, and the distribution of the power can be accurately controlled through digitalization; the data path module controls the common-base amplifier and the common-set amplifier through the power distribution control circuit, for example, controls the gains of the common-base amplifier and the common-set amplifier;
Instruction set architecture module: the instruction set architecture of the DSP usually adopts a reduced instruction set (Reduced Instruction Set Computing, RISC) or superscalar instruction set (Very Long Instruction Word, VLIW) structure, the RISC structure has simple instruction set, fixed instruction length and higher instruction execution speed; the superscalar instruction set VLIW structure has high instruction parallelism and can execute a plurality of instructions simultaneously; and the parallel processing module is used for: the parallel processing capability of the digital signal processor DSP is one of important characteristics, and can process a plurality of data simultaneously, and the parallel processing can be realized through a plurality of arithmetic logic units ALU, a plurality of data paths or a plurality of multipliers; an instruction set architecture module for synchronously controlling a multi-channel power distribution unit, comprising: a plurality of control channels of gates (G) of N-type gallium nitride field effect transistors, a plurality of common-base amplifiers and a common-set amplifier;
floating point number operation module: the digital signal processor DSP generally supports floating point number operation, can finish floating point number addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and other operations, the floating point number operation is generally realized by adopting a floating point register and a floating point operation unit, and the digital control precision is improved, for example, the input voltage control of the grid electrode (G) of the N-type gallium nitride field effect transistor of a control channel, the gain control of a common-base amplifier and a common-set amplifier;
An interrupt processing module: the DSP can quickly respond to the interrupt request and complete complex operation and control in interrupt processing, the interrupt processing is usually realized by an interrupt vector table and an interrupt service routine, and the interrupt processing is carried out on the multichannel power distribution units, for example, 2 or 6 single-channel power distribution units which are conducted are changed into 1 or 5 single-channel power distribution units which are conducted;
and the DMA control module is used for: the digital signal processor DSP supports direct memory access (Direct Memory Access, DMA) control, and realizes high-speed data transmission and memory access;
and the input/output interface module is used for: the digital signal processor DSP includes a plurality of input/output interfaces, which can perform data transmission and communication with external devices, and the input/output interfaces generally include a serial port, a parallel port, an Analog-to-digital converter ADC, a digital-to-Analog converter DAC (Analog-to-digital converter), and the like; digital control of the digital signal processor DSP is realized, for example, 2 or 5 single-channel power distribution units are set to be conducted;
clock synchronization circuit module: the clock synchronization circuit generally adopts the structure of an active crystal oscillator, the active crystal oscillator has higher stability and precision, more accurate clock signals can be provided, the clock synchronization circuit synchronizes clocks among all modules in the digital signal processor DSP, and the strict synchronization of all input/output ports can be realized through the clock synchronization circuit, so that the accurate distribution of signals and the consistency of reference conditions are ensured, and the precision and stability of digital signal processing are ensured; the control circuit comprises a reset circuit, a memory controller, a data bus controller and the like, the circuits can help the digital signal processor to communicate and coordinate with other system components, and the control circuit can also ensure the correct operation of the digital signal processor and protect the digital signal processor from damage and faults, so that the control circuit is critical to the performance and stability of the digital signal processor.
The method for power amplified power distributor includes the following steps:
setting parameters of a multichannel power distribution unit in a Digital Signal Processor (DSP); the steps of the method are as follows: determining the number of channels and the power distribution proportion to be set; the configuration software of the DSP is opened, and a setting interface of the power distribution unit is accessed; selecting a channel to be set, and inputting a corresponding power distribution proportion; clicking a save or application button to save the setting into the DSP; testing whether the set power distribution meets the requirement, and adjusting and optimizing the power distribution if necessary; finally, after confirming that the setting is correct, saving the setting and exiting the configuration software;
step two, a digital signal processor DSP monitors a multichannel power distribution unit, and the parameters of the multichannel power distribution unit are calculated by adopting shannon entropy to calculate power distribution; it should be noted that, specifically, the DSP evaluates the complexity and information amount of the signal by collecting the data of the multi-channel signal and using shannon entropy algorithm, so as to determine the power allocation proportion of each channel, where these proportions can be adjusted and optimized according to specific application requirements, so as to achieve the best signal processing effect; by using a digital signal processor DSP to monitor the multichannel power distribution unit, the high-efficiency processing and control of multichannel signals can be realized, and the reliability and performance of the system are improved; meanwhile, as the digital signal processor DSP has high programmability and flexibility, customized design and optimization can be performed according to different application requirements, and various complex signal processing tasks are satisfied;
Step three, the digital signal processor DSP controls the power output of the multichannel power distribution unit according to the result of the shannon entropy algorithm; it should be noted that, the DSP may receive the control information in multiple manners, so as to realize intellectualization, and the first manner receives the control instruction through the serial port or the network interface: the DSP can communicate with other devices through a serial port or a network interface, and receive control instructions from the other devices so as to realize intelligent control; the second way receives environmental information via sensors: the DSP can acquire environmental information through connecting a sensor, so that intelligent control is realized; the third mode realizes intelligent control through a learning algorithm: the DSP can autonomously learn and optimize the control strategy through a learning algorithm so as to realize intelligent control, and the fourth mode receives the control instruction through man-machine interaction: the DSP can receive control instructions through man-machine interaction, for example, intelligent control can be realized through modes of touch screens, voice recognition, gesture recognition and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The advantages of microstrip antenna arrays include: low profile, i.e. they can be placed in a relatively small space and easily integrated onto a micro circuit board; high direct gain, i.e. they concentrate the radiated energy in a narrow direction, thereby improving the signal receiving or transmitting capability of the antenna; tunability, i.e. they can adjust their operating frequency by adjusting their length or adding capacitance and inductors; is well suited for communication and radar systems; preferably, to achieve higher density signal transmission and smaller volume while improving reliability and stability of the system, multilayer printed antennas are employed;
(2) The differential amplifying circuit is used for amplifying the first filtered high-frequency electric signal and has the advantages that: the first advantage is that the differential amplification circuit can amplify weak first filtered high frequency electrical signals so that the signals can be processed by subsequent circuits; the second advantage is that the differential amplifying circuit can suppress common mode interference, and the common mode signal is amplified simultaneously, but the differential mode signal is amplified more; a third advantage is that the signal-to-noise ratio is improved, and the signal-to-noise ratio is also improved due to the suppression of common mode interference; the fourth advantage is that the interference to the ground is reduced, the differential amplifying circuit can reduce the interference to the ground, and the differential amplifying circuit does not depend on the ground wire as a reference point for signal transmission; the fifth advantage is that the linearity is enhanced, the linearity of the differential amplifying circuit is very good, the occurrence of nonlinear distortion can be reduced, and the signal precision is improved; the first filtered high-frequency electric signal is converted from microwaves or millimeter waves, and belongs to high-frequency signals, a transistor is used in a differential amplifying circuit, the reason is that the transistor is suitable for low-power and high-frequency application, a field effect transistor is suitable for high-power and low-frequency application, the differential amplifying circuit realizes high-power output by increasing power supply voltage and using the high-power transistor, when the power supply voltage is increased, the output voltage of the differential amplifying circuit is correspondingly increased, the output power of the differential amplifying circuit can be increased by using the high-power transistor, and attention is paid to the fact that heat dissipation and protection measures of the transistor are needed to avoid damaging the transistor and the circuit, in addition, correct circuit design and wiring are very important, signal loss and noise interference can be reduced, and the output power is improved;
(3) The analog-to-digital converter ADC has the advantage of digitizing the first amplified electric signal, the first advantage is that the digital signal can be processed by a digital circuit, and the digital signal can be processed by a logic gate, a register, a microprocessor and the like in the digital circuit, so that the processing mode is more flexible and reliable than an analog circuit; the second advantage is that the digital signal can be transmitted by digital communication, and error detection and correction can be carried out in the transmission process, so that the reliability of data communication is ensured; the third advantage is that the digital signal has high precision, the digital signal can reach very high precision after being converted by the analog-to-digital converter ADC, and errors caused by analog circuit elements, environmental factors and the like are reduced; the fourth advantage is that the digital signal can be stored and copied, the digital signal can be stored in the digital memory, and can also be copied by the digital replicator, which is more convenient and accurate than the analog signal storage and copying; the fifth advantage is that the digital signal can be processed by digital signal, such as digital filtering, digital signal processing algorithm, etc., these processing modes can improve the quality and reliability of the signal;
(4) The annular resonator is utilized to counteract the phase shift caused by the microstrip line, so that the resonance problem of the traditional microstrip line filter is avoided, and meanwhile, the annular resonator forms a resonance wave path, so that the bandwidth is greatly increased, the effect of the microstrip line filter with wider bandwidth is achieved, and in addition, the microstrip line filter has stronger anti-interference capability;
(5) The power amplified digital power divider has the following advantages: the precision is high, the high-precision signal adjustment and amplification can be realized by using a digital signal processing technology, and the problems of temperature drift, nonlinearity and the like of the traditional adjusting device are avoided; the stability is good, the digital signal processing technology can realize high-speed feedback control, and the stability and the anti-interference capability are improved; the flexibility is strong, the digital signal processing technology can realize functions such as signal digitization and programming control, and the like, and is favorable for realizing function integration and flexibility.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a power amplified digital power splitter functional module;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a main microstrip line and a sub microstrip line of a power amplified digital power divider;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of functional blocks of a single channel power splitting cell of a power amplified digital power splitter;
FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram of a dual channel power splitting unit of a power amplified digital power splitter;
fig. 5 is a flow chart of a method of a power amplified digital power splitter.
In the drawings, the reference numerals and corresponding part names:
101-master microstrip line, 102-slave microstrip line.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the invention.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of some embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that, under the condition of no conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features and technical solutions in the embodiments may be combined with each other.
It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1 to 5, the present invention provides a power amplified digital power divider and method, comprising: the device comprises an antenna, a coupler, a microstrip line filter, a differential amplification circuit, an analog-to-digital converter ADC, a multichannel power distribution unit and a digital signal processor DSP, wherein the antenna is connected with the coupler; the antenna receives microwaves or millimeter waves and converts the microwaves or millimeter waves into high-frequency electric signals, the coupler couples the high-frequency electric signals to the microstrip line filter, the microstrip line filter filters the high-frequency electric signals to form first-time filtered high-frequency electric signals, the differential amplifying circuit amplifies the first-time filtered high-frequency electric signals to form first-time amplified electric signals, the analog-to-digital converter ADC digitizes the first-time amplified electric signals to form first-time digitized amplified electric signals, and the digital signal processor DSP controls the multichannel power distribution unit to distribute power;
Further, the antenna receives microwaves or millimeter waves and converts the microwaves or millimeter waves into high-frequency electric signals; it should be noted that, the high-frequency electric signal is a high-frequency analog signal, the antenna is a device for receiving microwave or millimeter wave signals, the frequency range of the microwave is 1 GHz to 300 GHz, the wavelength is 1 millimeter to 1 meter, and the application of the microwave is very wide, such as communication, radar, satellite communication, etc.; the millimeter wave has the advantages of high frequency band, such as high data transmission speed, short signal transmission distance, strong anti-interference performance and the like, and the application fields of the millimeter wave comprise wireless communication, radar and the like; the antenna adopts one of an oscillator antenna, a feed source antenna or a grating antenna, and the antenna converts a microwave signal into an electric signal for receiving and processing through interaction of an electromagnetic field and the microwave signal; in order to improve the quality of the received signals, a plurality of unit antennas are integrated together to form an antenna array, so that multipath input and output are realized, and the flexibility and reliability of the system are improved, and the method is specific: a microstrip line mode is adopted to form a microstrip line antenna array by a plurality of unit antennas, for example, 10 or 20 unit antennas are adopted, each microstrip line antenna is a small-sized on-board antenna, and an antenna array is formed; the advantages of microstrip antenna arrays include: low profile, i.e. they can be placed in a relatively small space and easily integrated onto a micro circuit board; high direct gain, i.e. they concentrate the radiated energy in a narrow direction, thereby improving the signal receiving or transmitting capability of the antenna; tunability, i.e. they can adjust their operating frequency by adjusting their length or adding capacitance and inductors; is well suited for communication and radar systems; preferably, to achieve higher density signal transmission and smaller volume while improving reliability and stability of the system, multilayer printed antennas are employed.
Further, the coupler couples the high-frequency electric signal to the microstrip line filter; it should be noted that, the coupler couples the microwave or millimeter wave signals received by the antenna to the downstream circuit, the microwave or millimeter wave signals are high-frequency signals, and because the frequency of the signals in these frequency bands is very high, they have short wavelength and high frequency, so that high-speed data transmission and high-resolution communication can be realized, and meanwhile, the signals in these frequency bands also have smaller transmission distance and stronger attenuation characteristics; the coupler adopts a vector modulation coupler, the high-frequency electric signals are coupled by the vector modulation coupler, the vector modulation coupler (Vector Modulation Coupler, VMC) is a coupler for microwave and millimeter wave frequency bands, one signal is divided into two different signals, one signal is modulated and then is coupled back, the working principle of the vector modulation coupler VMC is that an input signal is divided into two paths, one path carries out phase or amplitude modulation through one modulator, the other path carries out phase adjustment through one phase shifter, then the two paths of signals are coupled through one coupling joint, phase difference or amplitude difference exists between the modulated signals and original signals, and the vector modulation coupler VMC is used for precisely controlling high-frequency application such as radar, communication and measurement systems, realizes high-precision phase modulation and amplitude modulation, and has higher bandwidth and transmission rate.
Further, the microstrip line filter filters the high-frequency electric signal to form a first filtered high-frequency electric signal; as shown in fig. 2, the microstrip line filter includes: a main microstrip line 101, a slave microstrip line 102, a ring resonator, and a serial band; the main microstrip line 101 includes: the conductor, medium and ground level, the main microstrip line 101 is a conductor bar, and is made of a metal strip, and the width, thickness and length of the metal strip mainly determine the characteristics of the microstrip line filter, including impedance, loss, bandwidth, center frequency, and the like, specifically: width: the microstrip line width affects the impedance and the loss, the wider microstrip line provides lower impedance, the narrower microstrip line reduces the loss, but the impedance is improved, generally, the impedance is reduced along with the increase of the microstrip line width, and the loss is reduced along with the decrease of the microstrip line width; thickness: the thickness of the microstrip line affects the impedance and the loss, the thicker microstrip line provides lower impedance, the thinner microstrip line can reduce the loss, but the impedance can be improved, generally, the impedance can be reduced along with the thickness increase of the microstrip line, and the loss can be reduced along with the thickness decrease of the microstrip line; length: the microstrip line length is generally determined by the characteristic impedance and the target center frequency of the microstrip line, a shorter microstrip line provides a higher center frequency, a longer microstrip line provides a lower center frequency, and the longer the microstrip line is, the greater the loss is; the microstrip line filter is usually positioned at the center of the microstrip line filter and is responsible for transmitting signals; the dielectric is under the conductor for isolating the electric field between the conductor and the ground level, and the dielectric is usually made of a material with low dielectric constant, such as Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or glass fiber reinforced polyimide (FR-4), and the ground level is another layer of metal under the main microstrip line 101 and is used as a signal return path; the structure of the main microstrip line 101 adopts one of two types: the first main microstrip line 101 has a single-layer structure composed of a conductor and a medium, and the second main microstrip line 101 has a double-layer structure in which a metal layer connected to the ground level is provided between the conductor and the medium, called a shielding layer, for preventing signal interference; the slave microstrip line 102 is a microstrip line connected to the master microstrip line 101, is a narrower conductor bar, has a structure similar to that of the master microstrip line 101, and the slave microstrip line 102 includes: conductors, mediums and ground levels are different in that the slave microstrip line 102 is a shorter microstrip line separated from the main microstrip line 101 for connecting different parts in a circuit or connecting other circuits, and although the conductor of the slave microstrip line 102 is also copper or aluminum, parameters such as width, thickness, distance from the main microstrip line 101 are different from the main microstrip line 101, and the width, thickness of the medium, and distance from the conductor of the slave microstrip line 102 affect signal transmission performance to ensure that the slave microstrip line 102 has good coaxial performance, low loss, and high quality signal transmission capability; the connection between the slave microstrip line 102 and the master microstrip line 101 is usually made by a reflector, which can be realized by changing the geometry of the microstrip line, and the function of the reflector is to avoid the signal being reflected back and forth between the slave microstrip line 102 and the master microstrip line 101, thereby affecting the quality of signal transmission, and the design of the reflector also needs to consider a plurality of parameters, such as the width, length, distance, etc. of the microstrip line, so as to ensure good performance of the reflector; the phase shift between the main microstrip line 101 and the slave microstrip line 102 is 90 degrees, which is to obtain a better filtering effect, and the phase shift between the main microstrip line 101 and the slave microstrip line 102 is 90 degrees by adding a phase shifter on the slave microstrip line 102, wherein the phase shifter is a single element or a simple coil, and the phase shifter can change the current phase on the microstrip line, so as to realize the phase shift; the main microstrip line 101 and the slave microstrip line 102 are separated by a reflector, in the microstrip line antenna array, signals between the main microstrip line 101 and the slave microstrip line 102 interfere with each other to influence the performance of the array, therefore, the reflector is used for reflecting signals of the slave microstrip line 102 and guiding the signals back to one port of the slave microstrip line 102 so as to avoid signal interference, the principle of the reflector is that the reflection characteristic of the signals on the microstrip line is utilized, when the signals encounter a section of loads with different impedance, the reflector uses the characteristic, an open circuit or short circuit element is added between the slave microstrip line 102 and the main microstrip line 101 to reflect the signals of the slave microstrip line 102, the reflector is used for reflecting the signals of the slave microstrip line 102 back to the source end and preventing the signals from entering the main microstrip line 101, so that signal interference is avoided, and in addition, the reflector can introduce a fixed phase difference between the main microstrip line 101 and the slave microstrip line 102 so as to control the phase and amplitude response of the microstrip line antenna array to ensure that the phase and amplitude response are more optimized; the reflector adopts one of the following two kinds, and the reflector includes: the short-circuit type reflector and the open-circuit type reflector are characterized in that a short-circuit line segment is added between the main microstrip line 101 and the auxiliary microstrip line 102, signals from the microstrip line 102 are reflected back through short circuit, the reflector is generally simpler and easy to manufacture, but the short-circuit type reflector must be calculated and adjusted according to the characteristics and the impedance of the microstrip line, and good reflection effect is ensured; the open-circuit reflector is to add an open circuit or mount a reflector in the middle between the main microstrip line 101 and the auxiliary microstrip line 102, reflect the signal from the microstrip line 102 back through the open circuit, and the reflector needs more space, but because the phase difference is easier to adjust and control; the series strip is a microstrip line connected with a main microstrip line 101 and a ring resonator, the length and the width of the series strip determine the response frequency, the main microstrip line 101, a slave microstrip line 102 and the series strip form an input end and an output end, the ring resonator is connected in series between the main microstrip line 101 and the series strip, the ring resonator comprises an inner ring and an outer ring, a ring cavity is formed between the inner ring and the outer ring, the slave microstrip line 102 is led out from the outer ring, the main microstrip line 101 is led out from the ring cavity, and the series strip bypasses the ring resonator and is led out from the inner ring; the ring resonator includes a ring resonator and a microstrip line, the inner and outer rings of the ring resonator form a ring cavity, specifically, the shape and size of the inner and outer rings are in one-to-one correspondence with frequencies so as to form resonance in a set frequency range, such as 50 GHz to 200GHz, when microwave or millimeter wave signals are transmitted to the ring resonator, it is repeatedly reflected in the ring cavity to form a stable resonance mode, the resonance mode can be used in many applications, such as a filter, an oscillator, a frequency synthesizer, etc., a dielectric substrate is disposed below the ring resonator to separate the ring resonator from a ground layer, and the dielectric substrate is made of one of aluminum nitride, aluminum oxide, or glass fiber reinforced polyimide (FR-4); the electric field and the magnetic field on the microstrip line interact to generate resonance, the microstrip line and the ring resonator are connected through a coupling element, such as a coupling capacitor, a coupling inductor and the like, so that signal transmission between the resonator and the microstrip line is realized, a radio frequency signal is introduced into one end of the ring, the signal is reflected in the ring for a plurality of times, such as 5 times or 10 times, so as to generate resonance, and the resonance frequency depends on the geometric dimension and the dielectric characteristic of the ring and is used as the center frequency of the filter; the fundamental principle of the ring resonator is that a signal with a specific frequency is cut out from the microstrip line 102 by utilizing the natural frequency of the resonator, so that a function of selective filtering is achieved, when the frequency of an input electromagnetic wave is equal to the natural frequency of the resonator, the electromagnetic wave forms a closed loop inside the ring resonator, resonance is generated inside the resonator, and an output signal keeps a strong amplitude; when the frequency of the input electromagnetic wave is far away from the natural frequency of the resonator, the input signal cannot form a closed loop inside the resonator, so that the output signal is very weak; therefore, the natural frequency of the ring resonator is determined mainly by adjusting the size and the shape of the ring resonator, so that the purposes of frequency selection and filtering are realized; due to the characteristics of small volume, low loss and the like, the ring resonator has wide application in the aspects of filtering and signal selection application of microwave and millimeter wave frequency bands; when the ring resonator is connected with the main microstrip line 101, electromagnetic coupling is used, and electromagnetic coupling is realized by directly connecting one end of the ring resonator with the main microstrip line 101 to form an open circuit or short circuit structure between the main microstrip line 101 and the ring resonator, or connecting the ring resonator with a section of serially connected microstrip line; when the ring resonator is connected with the slave microstrip line 102, electromagnetic coupling is realized by directly connecting one end of the ring resonator with the slave microstrip line 102 and changing the width and the length of the transmission line at the connection position, or the ring resonator is directly connected with the two slave microstrip lines 102 in a bidirectional coupling mode, so that electromagnetic coupling is realized; the annular resonator is utilized to counteract phase shift caused by the microstrip line, so that the resonance problem of the traditional microstrip line filter is avoided, and meanwhile, the annular resonator forms a resonance wave path, so that the bandwidth is greatly increased, the effect of the microstrip line filter with wider bandwidth is achieved, and in addition, the microstrip line filter has stronger anti-interference capability; it should be noted that microstrip filters are also used in the multichannel power distribution unit.
Further, the differential amplification circuit amplifies the first filtered high-frequency electric signal to form a first amplified electric signal; it should be noted that, the output end of the main microstrip line 101 and the output end of the slave microstrip line 102 of the microstrip line filter are respectively connected to the forward input end and the reverse input end of the differential amplification circuit, so as to realize the reverse phases of the two input signals, specifically, the output end of the main microstrip line 101 is connected to the forward input end of the differential amplification circuit, and the output end of the slave microstrip line 102 is connected to the reverse input end of the differential amplification circuit, so that the signal difference between the output end of the main microstrip line 101 and the output end of the slave microstrip line 102 is amplified by the differential amplification circuit and output to the output end of the differential amplification circuit, and it should be noted that appropriate impedance matching measures should be taken to ensure the quality and stability of signal transmission when the microstrip line and the differential amplification circuit are connected.
Further, the analog-to-digital converter ADC digitizes the first amplified electrical signal to form a first digitized amplified electrical signal; it should be noted that, the first filtered high-frequency electric signal is an Analog signal, and an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) converts the first amplified electric signal into a digital signal, and the ADC includes: the analog-to-digital conversion circuit is connected with the sampling and holding circuit; the sampling hold circuit is the first part of the analog-to-digital converter ADC, is used for gathering the analog signal and keeping its value unchanged, in order to carry on the subsequent analog-to-digital conversion, its operation principle is that turn on the sampling switch while sampling, introduce the analog signal into the holding capacitor, then turn off the sampling switch, the holding capacitor maintains the original voltage; the analog-to-digital conversion circuit is a core part of an analog-to-digital converter ADC and is used for converting an analog signal into a digital signal, the analog-to-digital conversion circuit adopts an integral analog-to-digital converter or an approximation analog-to-digital converter, the integral analog-to-digital converter integrates an input signal and compares an integration result with a reference voltage so as to output a digital signal, and the integral analog-to-digital converter has the main advantages of realizing high resolution and high precision, but has the defects of slower speed and suitability for low-speed application; the analog-to-digital converter converts the input signal into a digital signal by comparing a reference voltage with a gradually changing digital quantity, and has the main advantages of high speed, suitability for high-speed application, but relatively low precision and resolution, and two types of analog-to-digital converters: the single-integration type and the double-integration type are simple, and the precision is relatively low; the double-integration type precision is higher, and more circuits are needed; the digital output interface is the last part of the analog-to-digital converter ADC, converts the digital signal into a usable data format, the data format is a binary value, and the digital output interface comprises various types such as serial output, parallel output, universal bus interface and the like; the output format comprises two's complement, two's inverse, two's original code and the like; the ADC has the advantage of digitizing the first amplified electric signal, the first advantage is that the digital signal can be processed by a digital circuit, and the digital signal can be processed by a logic gate, a register, a microprocessor and the like in the digital circuit, and the processing mode is more flexible and reliable than that of an analog circuit; the second advantage is that the digital signal can be transmitted by digital communication, and error detection and correction can be carried out in the transmission process, so that the reliability of data communication is ensured; the third advantage is that the digital signal has high precision, the digital signal can reach very high precision after being converted by the analog-to-digital converter ADC, and errors caused by analog circuit elements, environmental factors and the like are reduced; the fourth advantage is that the digital signal can be stored and copied, the digital signal can be stored in the digital memory, and can also be copied by the digital replicator, which is more convenient and accurate than the analog signal storage and copying; a fifth advantage is that the digital signal may be subjected to digital signal processing, such as digital filtering, digital signal processing algorithms, etc., which may improve the quality and reliability of the signal.
Further, the multichannel power distribution unit comprises a plurality of single-channel power distribution units, each single-channel power distribution unit comprises a microstrip line, a power input port, a power distribution control circuit, a gallium nitride field effect transistor, a common base amplifier, a common set amplifier, a microstrip line filter and a power output port, the power distribution control circuit controls the gallium nitride field effect transistor, the common base amplifier and the common set amplifier, the multichannel power distribution unit is designed according to the pairing number of the power input ports and the power output ports, for example, one power input port corresponds to three or five power output ports, the multichannel power distribution unit is composed of a plurality of single-channel power distribution units and shares one power input port, and it is required to be explained that the gallium nitride field effect transistor (GaN FET) is a semiconductor device with high performance and is mainly used in the application fields of a power amplifier, a switch, a converter and the like, the multichannel power distribution unit is made of gallium nitride material, has the advantages of high electron mobility, high withstand voltage, high frequency response, low on resistance and the like, the multichannel power distribution unit can realize circuit design with high efficiency, high speed and high power density, the work of the gallium nitride field effect transistor is a silicon-based transistor, the work gate controls the width of the electron to control the channel, and the flow effect of the multichannel power distribution unit is higher than that the conventional transistor has the channel effect with high efficiency and the current loss of the transistor can be realized; an N-type gallium nitride field effect transistor is adopted as a control switch of a single-channel power distribution unit, three poles are a source electrode (S), a drain electrode (D) and a grid electrode (G) respectively, the source electrode (S) is a digital signal output end of the N-type gallium nitride field effect transistor, the source electrode (S) is connected with a load circuit and is responsible for outputting digital signals, the drain electrode (D) is a digital signal input end of the N-type gallium nitride field effect transistor, the drain electrode (D) is connected with a signal source and is responsible for inputting digital signals, and the grid electrode (G) is a control end of the N-type gallium nitride field effect transistor and controls the on and off of the N-type gallium nitride field effect transistor; as shown in fig. 3, the connection sequence and principle of the single-channel power distribution unit from the power input port to the power output port: the power distribution control circuit is connected with the grid electrode (G) of the N-type gallium nitride field effect transistor of the control channel, the source electrode (S) of the N-type gallium nitride field effect transistor is connected with the input end of the common base amplifier, the grid electrode (G) of the N-type gallium nitride field effect transistor in the common base amplifier and the common collector amplifier are respectively connected with the power distribution control circuit, the output end of the common base amplifier is connected with the input end of the common collector amplifier, the output end of the common collector amplifier is connected with the input end of the microstrip line filter, and the output end of the microstrip line filter is connected with the power output port; the first digitally amplified electric signal flows into an N-type gallium nitride field effect transistor of a control channel from a power input port, is amplified by a common base amplifier and a common collector amplifier, is filtered by a microstrip line filter, and flows out from the power output port; the microstrip line has the advantages that the microstrip line is used as a connecting line in the single-channel power distribution unit: the miniaturization is realized, and the microstrip line can be manufactured into a very fine line; the high-frequency characteristic is good, and the characteristic impedance of the microstrip line can meet the requirement of a high-frequency circuit through design and adjustment; the loss of the microstrip line is lower than that of a traditional lead with the same length, so that the efficiency of the circuit can be improved; the microstrip line can be manufactured by a printing technology, and is convenient to manufacture and install; the manufacturing cost of the microstrip line is lower than that of other connecting lines; the reliability is high, the connection mode of the microstrip line is simple, the reliability is high, and the connection problem is not easy to occur; the N-type gallium nitride field effect transistor of the control channel is used for controlling the single-channel power distribution unit to be switched on and off by the power distribution control circuit; the method comprises the steps of constructing a common base amplifier and a common collector amplifier by taking an N-type gallium nitride field effect transistor as a core, wherein the common base amplifier and the common collector amplifier are in cascade connection, the output end of the common base amplifier is connected with the input end of the common collector amplifier, the common base amplifier and the common collector amplifier are in cascade connection, the common collector amplifier is arranged at the later stage, the output resistance of the common collector amplifier is small, the load can be effectively matched, the reflection loss is reduced, and the power conversion efficiency is improved; as shown in fig. 4, the two-channel power distribution unit is extended on the basis of the single-channel power distribution unit, and the power input port is sequentially connected with a first channel gallium nitride field effect transistor, a first channel common-base amplifier, a first channel common-set amplifier, a first channel microstrip line filter and a first channel power output port, and the first channel power distribution control circuit is respectively connected with the first channel gallium nitride field effect transistor, the first channel common-base amplifier and the first channel common-set amplifier; the power input port is sequentially connected with the second channel gallium nitride field effect transistor, the second channel common-base amplifier, the second channel common-collector amplifier, the second channel microstrip line filter and the second channel power output port, and the second channel power distribution control circuit is respectively connected with the second channel gallium nitride field effect transistor, the second channel common-base amplifier and the second channel common-collector amplifier; the expansion is performed into a multi-channel power distribution unit on the basis of a single-channel power distribution unit, for example, the multi-channel power distribution unit is three-channel or n-channel, n is a natural number, and the expansion mode is the same as the expansion mode of the single-channel power distribution unit into a double-channel power distribution unit.
Further, the digital signal processor DSP controls the multichannel power distribution unit; it should be noted that, the specific control of the digital signal processor DSP (Digital Signal Processor) to the multi-channel power distribution unit is as follows:
a data path module: the data path of the digital signal processor DSP mainly comprises an arithmetic logic unit ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit), a register file, a memory and a control unit, wherein the arithmetic logic unit ALU is used for completing operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, shift and the like; the register file is used for storing data and instructions; the memory is used for storing data and instructions; the control unit is used for controlling the operation of the data path; the data path module controls the multichannel power distribution unit through the power distribution control circuit, the grid electrode (G) of the N-type gallium nitride field effect transistor of the control channel is controlled by the power distribution control circuit, for example, the multichannel power distribution unit is provided with 5 or 10 single-channel power distribution units, in a specific scene, 2 or 6 single-channel power distribution units are required to be conducted, the power distributed by each single-channel power distribution unit from a power input port is accurately controlled through calculation of the data path module, the accurate voltage is input to the grid electrode (G) of the N-type gallium nitride field effect transistor of the control channel, and 2 or 6 single-channel power distribution units are conducted, so that whether the 2 or 6 single-channel power distribution units are uniform power or not can be realized, and the distribution of the power can be accurately controlled through digitalization; the data path module controls the common-base amplifier and the common-set amplifier through the power distribution control circuit, for example, controls the gains of the common-base amplifier and the common-set amplifier;
Instruction set architecture module: the instruction set architecture of the DSP usually adopts a reduced instruction set (Reduced Instruction Set Computing, RISC) or superscalar instruction set (Very Long Instruction Word, VLIW) structure, the RISC structure has simple instruction set, fixed instruction length and higher instruction execution speed; the superscalar instruction set VLIW structure has high instruction parallelism and can execute a plurality of instructions simultaneously; and the parallel processing module is used for: the parallel processing capability of the digital signal processor DSP is one of important characteristics, and can process a plurality of data simultaneously, and the parallel processing can be realized through a plurality of arithmetic logic units ALU, a plurality of data paths or a plurality of multipliers; an instruction set architecture module for synchronously controlling a multi-channel power distribution unit, comprising: a plurality of control channels of gates (G) of N-type gallium nitride field effect transistors, a plurality of common-base amplifiers and a common-set amplifier;
floating point number operation module: the digital signal processor DSP generally supports floating point number operation, can finish floating point number addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and other operations, the floating point number operation is generally realized by adopting a floating point register and a floating point operation unit, and the digital control precision is improved, for example, the input voltage control of the grid electrode (G) of the N-type gallium nitride field effect transistor of a control channel, the gain control of a common-base amplifier and a common-set amplifier;
An interrupt processing module: the DSP can quickly respond to the interrupt request and complete complex operation and control in interrupt processing, the interrupt processing is usually realized by an interrupt vector table and an interrupt service routine, and the interrupt processing is carried out on the multichannel power distribution units, for example, 2 or 6 single-channel power distribution units which are conducted are changed into 1 or 5 single-channel power distribution units which are conducted;
and the DMA control module is used for: the digital signal processor DSP supports direct memory access (Direct Memory Access, DMA) control, and realizes high-speed data transmission and memory access;
and the input/output interface module is used for: the digital signal processor DSP includes a plurality of input/output interfaces, which can perform data transmission and communication with external devices, and the input/output interfaces generally include a serial port, a parallel port, an Analog-to-digital converter ADC, a digital-to-Analog converter DAC (Analog-to-digital converter), and the like; digital control of the digital signal processor DSP is realized, for example, 2 or 5 single-channel power distribution units are set to be conducted;
clock synchronization circuit module: the clock synchronization circuit generally adopts the structure of an active crystal oscillator, the active crystal oscillator has higher stability and precision, more accurate clock signals can be provided, the clock synchronization circuit synchronizes clocks among all modules in the digital signal processor DSP, and the strict synchronization of all input/output ports can be realized through the clock synchronization circuit, so that the accurate distribution of signals and the consistency of reference conditions are ensured, and the precision and stability of digital signal processing are ensured; the control circuit comprises a reset circuit, a memory controller, a data bus controller and the like, the circuits can help the digital signal processor to communicate and coordinate with other system components, and the control circuit can also ensure the correct operation of the digital signal processor and protect the digital signal processor from damage and faults, so that the control circuit is critical to the performance and stability of the digital signal processor.
Example 2: as shown in fig. 5, the present invention provides a method for power amplifying and power distributing, which comprises the following specific steps that a digital signal processor DSP controls a multichannel power distributing unit to distribute power:
setting parameters of a multichannel power distribution unit in a Digital Signal Processor (DSP);
step two, a digital signal processor DSP monitors a multichannel power distribution unit, and the parameters of the multichannel power distribution unit are calculated by adopting shannon entropy to calculate power distribution;
and step three, the digital signal processor DSP controls the power output of the multichannel power distribution unit according to the result of the shannon entropy algorithm.
Firstly, setting parameters of a multichannel power distribution unit in a Digital Signal Processor (DSP); the steps of the method are as follows: determining the number of channels and the power distribution proportion to be set; the configuration software of the DSP is opened, and a setting interface of the power distribution unit is accessed; selecting a channel to be set, and inputting a corresponding power distribution proportion; clicking a save or application button to save the setting into the DSP; testing whether the set power distribution meets the requirement, and adjusting and optimizing the power distribution if necessary; finally, after confirming that the setting is correct, saving the setting and exiting the configuration software;
In order to better realize the purpose of the invention, step two, a digital signal processor DSP monitors a multichannel power distribution unit, calculates parameters of the multichannel power distribution unit by adopting shannon entropy, and calculates power distribution; it should be noted that, specifically, the DSP evaluates the complexity and information amount of the signal by collecting the data of the multi-channel signal and using shannon entropy algorithm, so as to determine the power allocation proportion of each channel, where these proportions can be adjusted and optimized according to specific application requirements, so as to achieve the best signal processing effect; by using a digital signal processor DSP to monitor the multichannel power distribution unit, the high-efficiency processing and control of multichannel signals can be realized, and the reliability and performance of the system are improved; meanwhile, as the digital signal processor DSP has high programmability and flexibility, customized design and optimization can be performed according to different application requirements, and various complex signal processing tasks are satisfied; shannon entropy is a concept in information theory for measuring uncertainty or randomness of information; in a multi-channel power distribution unit, the shannon entropy of its parameters is calculated by:
Step A1, determining the probability distribution of each channel, e.g. assuming three channels, the probabilities of which are p 1 、p 2 And p 3 ；
Step A2, calculating the information entropy of each channel, wherein the information entropy is expressed as follows: h= - Σ (p i * log 2 (p i ) Where p is i Is the probability of the i-th channel, i is a natural number, Σ represents summation, H represents total shannon entropy, e.g., the information entropy of the first channel is H 1 = -p 1 * log 2 (p 1 ) The information entropy of the second channel is H 2 = -p 2 * log 2 (p 2 ) The information entropy of the third channel is H 3 = -p 3 * log 2 (p 3 ) And so on, the information entropy of the nth channel is H n = -p n * log 2 (p n ) N is a natural number;
step A3, adding the information entropy of each channel to obtain the total shannon entropy of the multi-channel power distribution unit, for example, assuming that there are three channels, the total shannon entropy is h=h 1 + H 2 + H 3 ；H 1 Entropy of information representing first channel, H 2 Entropy of information representing the second channel, H 3 The information entropy of the third channel is represented, and the power distribution proportion of each channel can be adjusted according to the total shannon entropy so as to achieve the optimal performance; it should be noted that, the calculation of shannon entropy needs to be based on probability distribution, so that reasonable estimation and adjustment of the probability of the channel are needed, and in addition, parameters of the multi-channel power distribution unit are affected by other factors, such as noise, interference, and the like, so that multiple factors need to be comprehensively considered to perform optimal design.
In order to better realize the purpose of the invention, step three, a digital signal processor DSP controls the power output of the multichannel power distribution unit according to the result of the shannon entropy algorithm; it should be noted that, the DSP may receive the control information in multiple manners, so as to realize intellectualization, and the first manner receives the control instruction through the serial port or the network interface: the DSP can communicate with other devices through a serial port or a network interface, and receive control instructions from the other devices so as to realize intelligent control; the second way receives environmental information via sensors: the DSP can acquire environmental information through connecting a sensor, so that intelligent control is realized; the third mode realizes intelligent control through a learning algorithm: the DSP can autonomously learn and optimize the control strategy through a learning algorithm so as to realize intelligent control, and the fourth mode receives the control instruction through man-machine interaction: the DSP can receive control instructions through man-machine interaction, for example, intelligent control can be realized through modes of touch screens, voice recognition, gesture recognition and the like.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention and not for limiting the technical solutions described in the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail in the present specification with reference to the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and thus any modifications or equivalent substitutions are made to the present invention; all technical solutions and modifications thereof that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included in the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A power amplified digital power divider comprising: the antenna, the coupler, microstrip line filter, differential amplification circuit, analog-to-digital converter ADC, multichannel power distribution unit, digital signal processor DSP, wherein, microstrip line filter includes: the device comprises a main microstrip line (101), a secondary microstrip line (102), a ring resonator and a series band, wherein the ring resonator is connected in series between the main microstrip line (101) and the series band, the ring resonator comprises an inner ring and an outer ring, a ring-shaped cavity is formed between the inner ring and the outer ring, the secondary microstrip line (102) is led out from the outer ring, the main microstrip line (101) is led out from the ring-shaped cavity, and the series band bypasses the ring resonator and is led out from the inner ring; the multichannel power distribution unit comprises a plurality of single-channel power distribution units, each single-channel power distribution unit comprises a microstrip line, a power input port, a power distribution control circuit, a gallium nitride field effect transistor, a common base amplifier, a common set amplifier, a microstrip line filter and a power output port, wherein the microstrip line is used as a connecting line, the power input port is connected with the drain electrode of the N-type gallium nitride field effect transistor of the control channel, the power distribution control circuit is connected with the grid electrode of the N-type gallium nitride field effect transistor of the control channel, the source electrode of the N-type gallium nitride field effect transistor is connected with the input end of the common base amplifier, the grid electrode of the N-type gallium nitride field effect transistor in the common set amplifier is respectively connected with the power distribution control circuit, the output end of the common base amplifier is connected with the input end of the common set amplifier, the output end of the microstrip line filter is connected with the power output port, the DSP is connected with the coupler, the coupler is connected with the microstrip line filter, the differential amplifier is connected with the differential amplifier, and the differential amplifier is connected with the ADC, and the ADC is connected with the multichannel power distribution unit;
The antenna receives microwaves or millimeter waves and converts the microwaves or millimeter waves into high-frequency electric signals, the coupler couples the high-frequency electric signals to the microstrip line filter, the microstrip line filter filters the high-frequency electric signals to form first-time filtered high-frequency electric signals, the differential amplifying circuit amplifies the first-time filtered high-frequency electric signals to form first-time amplified electric signals, the analog-to-digital converter ADC digitizes the first-time amplified electric signals to form first-time digitized amplified electric signals, and the digital signal processor DSP controls the multichannel power distribution unit to distribute power.
2. A power amplified digital power divider according to claim 1, characterized in that: and forming a microstrip line antenna array by a plurality of unit antennas in a microstrip line mode.
3. A power amplified digital power divider according to claim 1, characterized in that: the coupler adopts a vector modulation coupler.
4. A power amplified digital power divider according to claim 1, characterized in that: the phase shift between the master microstrip line (101) and the slave microstrip line (102) is 90 degrees.
5. A power amplified digital power divider according to claim 1, characterized in that: the output end of the main microstrip line (101) and the output end of the slave microstrip line (102) of the microstrip line filter are respectively connected to the forward input end and the reverse input end of the differential amplification circuit.
6. A power amplified digital power divider according to claim 1, characterized in that: the power distribution control circuit controls the gallium nitride field effect transistor, the common base amplifier and the common set amplifier.
7. A power amplified digital power divider according to claim 1, characterized in that: the multi-channel power distribution unit is composed of a plurality of single-channel power distribution units and shares one power input port.
8. A power amplified digital power divider according to claim 1, characterized in that: the common-base amplifier and the common-set amplifier are constructed by taking an N-type gallium nitride field effect transistor as a core.
9. A power amplified digital power divider according to claim 8, characterized in that: the common-base amplifier and the common-set amplifier are cascade-connected.
10. A method of power amplifying digitised power divider according to any of claims 1 to 9, wherein: the specific steps of the digital signal processor DSP for controlling the multichannel power distribution unit to distribute power are as follows:
setting parameters of a multichannel power distribution unit in a Digital Signal Processor (DSP);
Step two, a digital signal processor DSP monitors a multichannel power distribution unit, and the parameters of the multichannel power distribution unit are calculated by adopting shannon entropy to calculate power distribution;
and step three, the digital signal processor DSP controls the power output of the multichannel power distribution unit according to the result of the shannon entropy algorithm.
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