CN116415614A - Frequency shift backscatter tag system capable of reducing tag unit power consumption - Google Patents

Frequency shift backscatter tag system capable of reducing tag unit power consumption Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116415614A
CN116415614A CN202310413076.6A CN202310413076A CN116415614A CN 116415614 A CN116415614 A CN 116415614A CN 202310413076 A CN202310413076 A CN 202310413076A CN 116415614 A CN116415614 A CN 116415614A
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China
Prior art keywords
unit
signal
frequency
frequency shift
tag
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CN202310413076.6A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
杨进
李鹏
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Chongqing University
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Chongqing University
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Priority to CN202310413076.6A priority Critical patent/CN116415614A/en
Publication of CN116415614A publication Critical patent/CN116415614A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/005—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission adapting radio receivers, transmitters andtransceivers for operation on two or more bands, i.e. frequency ranges
    • H04B1/0096—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission adapting radio receivers, transmitters andtransceivers for operation on two or more bands, i.e. frequency ranges where a full band is frequency converted into another full band
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/0701—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising an arrangement for power management
    • G06K19/0707—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising an arrangement for power management the arrangement being capable of collecting energy from external energy sources, e.g. thermocouples, vibration, electromagnetic radiation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/0723—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/22—Scatter propagation systems, e.g. ionospheric, tropospheric or meteor scatter
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a frequency shift backscatter tag system capable of reducing tag unit power consumption, which consists of a first transmitter, a second transmitter, a plurality of tag units, a sensor and a receiver; the first transmitter is capable of transmitting the first carrier signal outwardly; the second transmitter can transmit an on-off keying signal outwards; the radio frequency energy acquisition unit is used for acquiring a first carrier signal, converting the first carrier signal into electric energy and then supplying energy to the corresponding unit; the label unit can receive the on-off keying signal and process correspondingly; the beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows: the frequency shift backscatter tag system can reduce the power consumption of a tag unit, and the scheme can carry a frequency shift signal into the tag unit through a transmitter, does not need to adopt a high-frequency oscillator to generate the frequency shift signal, and can finally greatly reduce the power consumption of the tag unit.

Description

Frequency shift backscatter tag system capable of reducing tag unit power consumption
Technical Field
The invention relates to a backscattering tag technology, in particular to a frequency shift backscattering tag system capable of reducing power consumption of tag units.
Background
The RFID technology is regarded as a communication technology with the most potential in the Internet of things era, but has the defects of short communication distance and small capacity, and limits the application scene; the backscattering technology developed in recent years has the potential to replace the traditional RFID because of the advantages of long communication distance and large capacity, and the backscattering technology can separate equipment from the constraint of a battery, so that the backscattering technology is very suitable for the wide-coverage, low-energy-consumption and sustainable design targets of the 'green' Internet of things.
In the prior art, when backscattering is implemented, a high-frequency oscillator is usually required, and the power consumption of a common high-frequency oscillator is usually in the level of mW, so large power consumption makes the tag unable to be powered by using only the radio-frequency energy of the transmitter, and other energy densities and types in the environment limit the application scenario of the tag. MEMS silicon crystals recently reported by the company SiTime in the united states can be reduced to 100 μw power consumption at 3.072MHz frequency, which is expensive, difficult to purchase, and greatly affected by temperature, resulting in failure to guarantee large-scale placement of tags.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the background technology, the invention provides a frequency shift backscatter tag system capable of reducing the power consumption of a tag unit, which is innovated in that: the frequency shift backscatter tag system is comprised of a first transmitter, a second transmitter, a plurality of tag units, a sensor, and a receiver;
the tag unit consists of a radio frequency energy acquisition unit, a frequency shift signal generation unit, a microprocessor, an up-conversion unit and a radio frequency switch unit; the radio frequency energy acquisition unit is respectively connected with the frequency shift signal generation unit, the microprocessor, the up-conversion unit and the radio frequency switch unit; the frequency shift signal generating unit is respectively connected with the microprocessor and the up-conversion unit; the microprocessor is respectively connected with the up-conversion unit and the sensor; the up-conversion unit is connected with the radio frequency switch unit;
the first transmitter can transmit a first carrier signal with frequency F1 outwards;
the second transmitter is capable of transmitting an on-off keying signal outwards: the second transmitter can transmit a second carrier signal with the frequency F2 outwards, and in the process of transmitting the second carrier signal, the radio frequency switch of the second transmitter is switched on and off according to the frequency delta F, so that a frequency shift signal with the frequency delta F is loaded into the second carrier signal, and further an on-off keying signal is obtained;
the radio frequency energy acquisition unit is used for acquiring a first carrier signal, converting the first carrier signal into electric energy and supplying energy to the frequency shift signal generation unit, the microprocessor, the up-conversion unit and the radio frequency switch unit;
the frequency shift signal generating unit can receive the on-off keying signal, demodulate the on-off keying signal to obtain a frequency shift signal with the frequency delta F, and output the frequency shift signal to the microprocessor and the up-conversion unit respectively;
the microprocessor can acquire detection signals of corresponding sensors under the triggering of the frequency shift signals, sequentially arrange and package ID information, detection signals and end bit information into a binary data packet, and then transmit the data packet to the up-conversion unit; the ID information is the identity code of the corresponding tag unit;
the up-conversion unit can perform frequency shift processing on the data packet according to the frequency shift signal to obtain an up-conversion data packet with the frequency delta F, and then the up-conversion data packet is output to the radio frequency switch unit;
the radio frequency switch unit performs reflection and absorption operation on the first carrier signal according to the high and low levels of the up-conversion data packet, and the first carrier signal reflected by the radio frequency switch unit forms a back scattering signal;
the receiver is used for receiving the back scattering signal and demodulating the received back scattering signal, and the receiver identifies whether the data packet is sent completely or not according to the demodulated end bit information.
The principle of the invention is as follows: the prior art uses a high frequency oscillator because: the structure of the back scattering technology is a three-point structure formed by a transmitter, a tag and a receiver, wherein a carrier signal transmitted by the transmitter and a back scattering signal reflected by the tag are received by the receiver, and the back scattering signal is submerged by the carrier signal because the energy of the carrier signal is far greater than that of the back scattering signal, so that a high-frequency oscillator is required to generate a high-frequency shift signal to shift the back scattering signal to a channel different from the carrier signal;
in the invention, the frequency shift signal required by the frequency shift processing is loaded into the second carrier signal by the second transmitter to form the on-off keying signal, then the on-off keying signal is carried to the frequency shift signal generating unit, and the frequency shift signal generating unit demodulates the on-off keying signal to enable the tag unit to obtain the high-frequency shift signal required by the frequency shift processing, so that the tag unit can acquire the high-frequency shift signal without a high-frequency oscillator and realize the frequency shift processing, finally, the power consumption of the tag unit can be greatly reduced, the electric energy converted by the first carrier signal can meet the energy required by the operation of the tag unit, and the application scene of the frequency shift backscatter tag can be effectively expanded.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows: the frequency shift backscatter tag system can reduce the power consumption of a tag unit, and the scheme can carry a frequency shift signal into the tag unit through a transmitter, does not need to adopt a high-frequency oscillator to generate the frequency shift signal, and can finally greatly reduce the power consumption of the tag unit.
Drawings
FIG. 1, schematic diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a mainstream backscatter system of the prior art;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a frequency shift signal generating unit;
the names corresponding to the marks in the figure are respectively: the system comprises a first transmitter 1, a second transmitter 2, a tag unit 3, a radio frequency energy acquisition unit 31, a frequency shift signal generation unit 32, a microprocessor 33, an up-conversion unit 34, a radio frequency switch unit 35, a sensor 4 and a receiver 5.
Description of the embodiments
A frequency shifted backscatter tag system capable of reducing tag unit power consumption, the innovation being: the frequency shift backscatter tag system is comprised of a first transmitter 1, a second transmitter 2, a plurality of tag units 3, a sensor 4, and a receiver 5;
the tag unit 3 is composed of a radio frequency energy acquisition unit 31, a frequency shift signal generation unit 32, a microprocessor 33, an up-conversion unit 34 and a radio frequency switch unit 35; the radio frequency energy acquisition unit 31 is respectively connected with the frequency shift signal generation unit 32, the microprocessor 33, the up-conversion unit 34 and the radio frequency switch unit 35; the frequency shift signal generating unit 32 is connected with the microprocessor 33 and the up-conversion unit 34, respectively; the microprocessor 33 is respectively connected with the up-conversion unit 34 and the sensor 4; the up-conversion unit 34 is connected with the radio frequency switch unit 35;
the first transmitter 1 can transmit a first carrier signal with frequency F1 outwards;
the second transmitter 2 is capable of transmitting an on-off keying signal outwards: the second transmitter 2 can transmit a second carrier signal with frequency F2 outwards, and in the process of transmitting the second carrier signal, the radio frequency switch of the second transmitter 2 is operated to be turned on and off according to frequency delta F, so that a frequency shift signal with frequency delta F is loaded into the second carrier signal, and further an on-off keying signal is obtained;
the radio frequency energy collection unit 31 is configured to collect a first carrier signal, convert the first carrier signal into electrical energy, and then supply energy to the frequency shift signal generation unit 32, the microprocessor 33, the up-conversion unit 34 and the radio frequency switch unit 35;
the frequency shift signal generating unit 32 can receive the on-off keying signal, demodulate the on-off keying signal to obtain a frequency shift signal with the frequency of Δf, and output the frequency shift signal to the microprocessor 33 and the up-conversion unit 34 respectively;
the microprocessor 33 can acquire the detection signal of the corresponding sensor 4 under the triggering of the frequency shift signal, sequentially arrange and package the ID information, the detection signal and the end bit information into a binary data packet, and then transmit the data packet to the up-conversion unit 34; the ID information is the identity code of the corresponding tag unit 3;
the up-conversion unit 34 can perform frequency shift processing on the data packet according to the frequency shift signal to obtain an up-conversion data packet with a frequency of Δf, and then output the up-conversion data packet to the radio frequency switch unit 35;
the radio frequency switch unit 35 performs reflection and absorption operations on the first carrier signal according to the high-low level of the up-conversion data packet, and the first carrier signal reflected by the radio frequency switch unit 35 forms a back scattering signal;
the receiver 5 is configured to receive the backscatter signal, demodulate the received backscatter signal, and identify whether the data packet is sent according to the demodulated end bit information by the receiver 5.
From the process flow, the process flow of the present invention can be divided into two processes of energy supply processing and backscatter processing, wherein the process of energy supply processing is relatively simple, during the system operation, the first transmitter 1 continuously transmits the first carrier signal with the frequency F1 outwards, and the radio frequency energy collecting unit 31 converts the first carrier signal into electric energy after receiving the first carrier signal, and then supplies energy to the frequency shift signal generating unit 32, the microprocessor 33, the up-conversion unit 34 and the radio frequency switch unit 35; the process of the backscatter process is relatively complex, and the backscatter process is described in terms of steps;
step 1): the second transmitter 2 transmits an on-off keying signal outwards;
step 2): after receiving the on-off keying signal, the frequency shift signal generating unit 32 demodulates the on-off keying signal to obtain a frequency shift signal with a frequency Δf, and then the frequency shift signal generating unit 32 outputs the frequency shift signal to the microprocessor 33 and the up-conversion unit 34, respectively;
the frequency shift signal output to the microprocessor 33 triggers an external interrupt of the microprocessor 33, wakes up the microprocessor 33, and after the microprocessor 33 acquires the detection signal of the corresponding sensor 4, the microprocessor 33 generates a corresponding data packet and then transmits the data packet to the up-conversion unit 34;
after receiving the data packet, the up-conversion unit 34 performs frequency shift processing on the data packet according to the frequency shift signal to obtain an up-conversion data packet with a frequency of Δf, and then outputs the up-conversion data packet to the radio frequency switch unit 35;
step 3): the up-conversion data packet controls the rf switch unit 35, so that the rf switch unit 35 reflects and absorbs the first carrier signal according to the high-low level of the up-conversion data packet, and the first carrier signal reflected by the rf switch unit 35 forms a backscatter signal; the frequency of the back-scattered signal is F1+ [ delta ] F;
step 4): after receiving the backscatter signal, the receiver 5 demodulates the detection signal of the sensor 4 by fourier transform.
In actual operation, the larger the signal frequency difference between the first carrier signal and the second carrier signal is, the better the signal frequency difference is, so that the first carrier signal and the second carrier signal are respectively positioned in channels which are not mutually interfered; based on the radio frequency energy supply technology, the first carrier signal is a continuous sine carrier, and the duty ratio of the second carrier signal has no special requirement, so long as the duty ratio can satisfy the requirement of 'large signal frequency difference with the first carrier signal';
the power consumption of the present invention and the prior art is compared by a comparative example;
referring to fig. 2, a main stream backscatter system architecture in the prior art is shown in the figure, where a processor, an environmental energy collecting unit, a sensor, a high frequency crystal oscillator and a reflecting unit form a backscatter tag, and the working principle is that: the transmitter transmits a carrier signal with frequency F; the processor collects sensor data and generates a data packet containing a preamble, ID information, sensor data and a termination bit; in order to overcome the interference of carrier signals on the back scattering signals, the processor increases the frequency of the data packet to F+DeltaF through the high-frequency crystal oscillator to obtain a high-frequency data packet, and then the high-frequency data packet controls the reflection unit to change the impedance of the antenna to generate the back scattering signals; the receiver performs a fourier transform on the received backscattered signal to decode the sensor data.
When the processor uses the FPGA AGLN250 with low power consumption, the power consumption is 24 mu W, the reflection unit adopts an ADG902 radio frequency switch, the power consumption is 21 mu W, the high-frequency crystal oscillator adopts a low-power crystal oscillator LTC6900, the frequency is 10MHz, the power consumption is 2.04mW, and the total power consumption is 2.085mW;
in one embodiment of the present invention, the microprocessor 33 still uses FPGA AGLN250 with power consumption of 24 μw, the up-conversion unit 34 uses xor gate SN74AUC2G86 with power consumption of 18 μw, the radio frequency switch unit 35 also uses ADG902 radio frequency switch, the hardware configuration of the frequency shift signal generating unit 32 includes: the antenna 321, the impedance matching 322, the envelope detection 323, the low-power consumption amplifier 324 and the inverter 325, wherein the impedance matching 322 uses LC passive devices, the envelope detection 323 also uses passive devices, the low-power consumption amplifier 324 adopts TLV521 operational amplifier to input bias current of only 1pA, the power consumption is 1.15 mu W, the inverter 325 adopts SN74AUP1G04, the power consumption is 2.97 mu W, and the power consumption of the tag unit 3 is only 67.12 mu W under the above configuration condition, compared with the scheme adopting high-frequency crystal oscillator, the power consumption of the invention is reduced by nearly 70%, and the power consumption reduction effect is more obvious if a frequency shift signal with higher frequency is needed.
The frequency shift signal generating unit 32 operates on the principle that: the on-off keying signal is received by the antenna 321 and then input to the impedance matching 322, the impedance matching 322 transmits the on-off keying signal to the envelope detection 323 with maximum power, the envelope detection 323 outputs a weak high-frequency square wave with the frequency of DeltaF to the low-power amplifier 324, and the low-power amplifier 324 amplifies the signal and then inputs the amplified signal to the inverter 325 for shaping to obtain the frequency-shift signal.

Claims (1)

1. A frequency shifted backscatter tag system capable of reducing tag unit power consumption, comprising: the frequency shift backscatter tag system consists of a first transmitter (1), a second transmitter (2), a plurality of tag units (3), a sensor (4) and a receiver (5);
the tag unit (3) consists of a radio frequency energy acquisition unit (31), a frequency shift signal generation unit (32), a microprocessor (33), an up-conversion unit (34) and a radio frequency switch unit (35); the radio frequency energy acquisition unit (31) is respectively connected with the frequency shift signal generation unit (32), the microprocessor (33), the up-conversion unit (34) and the radio frequency switch unit (35); the frequency shift signal generating unit (32) is respectively connected with the microprocessor (33) and the up-conversion unit (34); the microprocessor (33) is respectively connected with the up-conversion unit (34) and the sensor (4); the up-conversion unit (34) is connected with the radio frequency switch unit (35);
the first transmitter (1) is capable of transmitting a first carrier signal with a frequency F1 outwards;
the second transmitter (2) is capable of transmitting an on-off keying signal outwards: the second transmitter (2) can transmit a second carrier signal with the frequency of F2 outwards, and in the process of transmitting the second carrier signal, the radio frequency switch of the second transmitter (2) is operated to be on and off at the frequency delta F, so that a frequency shift signal with the frequency delta F is loaded into the second carrier signal, and further an on-off keying signal is obtained;
the radio frequency energy acquisition unit (31) is used for acquiring a first carrier signal, converting the first carrier signal into electric energy, and then supplying energy to the frequency shift signal generation unit (32), the microprocessor (33), the up-conversion unit (34) and the radio frequency switch unit (35);
the frequency shift signal generating unit (32) can receive the on-off keying signal, demodulate the on-off keying signal to obtain a frequency shift signal with the frequency delta F, and output the frequency shift signal to the microprocessor (33) and the up-conversion unit (34) respectively;
the microprocessor (33) can acquire detection signals of the corresponding sensors (4) under the triggering of the frequency shift signals, sequentially arrange and package ID information, detection signals and end bit information into a binary data packet, and then transmit the data packet to the up-conversion unit (34); the ID information is the identity code of the corresponding tag unit (3);
the up-conversion unit (34) can perform frequency shift processing on the data packet according to the frequency shift signal to obtain an up-conversion data packet with the frequency delta F, and then the up-conversion data packet is output to the radio frequency switch unit (35);
the radio frequency switch unit (35) reflects and absorbs the first carrier signal according to the high and low levels of the up-conversion data packet, and the first carrier signal reflected by the radio frequency switch unit (35) forms a back scattering signal;
the receiver (5) is used for receiving the back scattering signal and demodulating the received back scattering signal, and the receiver (5) identifies whether the data packet is transmitted or not according to the demodulated end bit information.
CN202310413076.6A 2023-04-18 2023-04-18 Frequency shift backscatter tag system capable of reducing tag unit power consumption Pending CN116415614A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310413076.6A CN116415614A (en) 2023-04-18 2023-04-18 Frequency shift backscatter tag system capable of reducing tag unit power consumption

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310413076.6A CN116415614A (en) 2023-04-18 2023-04-18 Frequency shift backscatter tag system capable of reducing tag unit power consumption

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