CN116409779A - Micro-nano carbon particles and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Micro-nano carbon particles and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116409779A CN116409779A CN202111657677.9A CN202111657677A CN116409779A CN 116409779 A CN116409779 A CN 116409779A CN 202111657677 A CN202111657677 A CN 202111657677A CN 116409779 A CN116409779 A CN 116409779A
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- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 66
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- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- NWGKJDSIEKMTRX-AAZCQSIUSA-N Sorbitan monooleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O NWGKJDSIEKMTRX-AAZCQSIUSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004147 Sorbitan trioleate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- PRXRUNOAOLTIEF-ADSICKODSA-N Sorbitan trioleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC PRXRUNOAOLTIEF-ADSICKODSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
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- YDEXUEFDPVHGHE-GGMCWBHBSA-L disodium;(2r)-3-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[2-methoxy-4-(3-sulfonatopropyl)phenoxy]propane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].COC1=CC=CC(C[C@H](CS([O-])(=O)=O)OC=2C(=CC(CCCS([O-])(=O)=O)=CC=2)OC)=C1O YDEXUEFDPVHGHE-GGMCWBHBSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C21/00—Disintegrating plant with or without drying of the material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/06—Selection or use of additives to aid disintegrating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/54—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using solvents, e.g. supercritical solvents or ionic liquids
Abstract
The invention discloses a micro-nano carbon particle and a preparation method thereof, wherein more than 50% of the micro-nano carbon particles have a particle size smaller than or equal to 1 micron, and more than 90% of the micro-nano carbon particles have a particle size smaller than 2 microns, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: 1) Coarsely crushing and crushing a carbon particle raw material to obtain feed particles; 2) Mixing and stirring the feed particles and the deconstructing liquid, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation 1 to obtain the deconstructed particles; 3) Mixing the disaggregated particles with grinding fluid, a medicament 1 and a medicament 2, and grinding to prepare grinding slurry; 4) And (3) carrying out solid-liquid separation 2 on the grinding slurry to obtain the micro-nano carbon particles. The invention firstly utilizes the deconstructing agent and the deconstructing liquid with the deconstructing capability to carry out the deconstructing on the carbon material and destroy the cross-linking bonds in the carbon material, so that the molecular structure is directionally rearranged, the order degree of crystals is improved, and meanwhile, small molecules in the carbon material structure are leached out, so that the macroporous structure of the carbon material is increased, the stress points are increased, the subsequent grinding degree is deepened, and the grinding degree of carbon particles is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of materials, and particularly relates to micro-nano carbon particles and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The micro-nano particles have the performance which does not exist on other lower scales in the aspects of optics, acoustics, magnetism, mechanics, thermal and surface interface characteristics and the like due to the advantage of the size effect, so the micro-nano particles can be used as high-performance components in the fields of microelectronic devices, photoelectric materials, medical imaging, ceramic preparation, biological materials, new functional plastics, catalytic reactions, fuel combustion, dye paint, military manufacturing, aerospace, environmental protection and the like. The micro-nano carbon material has the advantages of rich surface area, excellent surface interface effect of developed pore structure and the like, rich preparation raw materials, no toxicity and the like, and has competitive advantages in the fields.
The most critical factor of the micro-nano carbon material is particle size, and the preparation process of the micro-nano material can be divided into a physical crushing method, a chemical synthesis method, a supercritical preparation method, a combustion preparation method and the like. Wherein the physical crushing utilizes the generation and the expansion of cracks of particle grain defects under the stress effect so as to achieve the aim of micro-nano crushing. However, the physical crushing has the problems that in the physical crushing process, the superfine particles have larger specific surface energy, and the phenomenon of crushing-agglomeration exists, so that the physical crushing has a crushing limit, namely, after the limit particle diameter is reached, the particle size of the particles is unlikely to be reduced along with the increase of the grinding time, the crushing energy utilization efficiency is reduced, and the preparation of the micro-nano carbon material with smaller particle diameter is difficult to truly realize.
Therefore, how to break through the "crushing limit" is a key problem for the preparation of micro-nano carbon particles.
The present invention has been made to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem of 'crushing limit' in the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of micro-nano carbon particles, which can solve the technical problems in the prior art.
According to the invention, a strategy of 'hard bubble soft grinding' is adopted, after a deconstructor with a deconstructor solution with a deconstructor capability is mixed with a carbon material, the cross-linking bond in the carbon material is destroyed due to the deconstructor effect, so that directional rearrangement occurs in a molecular structure, the order degree of crystals is further improved, in the process, small molecules in the carbon material structure are leached, the cross-linking structure is further destroyed, and weak bond groups of a side chain are removed, so that the material becomes loose, the macroporous structure is increased, stress points are increased, and the micro-nano of carbon particles is facilitated. Thus preparing the disaggregated particles. Subsequently, the disaggregated particles are mixed with a grinding fluid mixed with a chemical agent, and then subjected to micro-nano crushing. Meanwhile, the grinding fluid also has certain dissociation capability, in the grinding process, the diffusion effect of the grinding fluid in particles is promoted, the dissociation capability is enhanced, the hardness of newly generated fine particles is reduced, stress points are formed in the grinding fluid, and the grinding fluid has a deeper directional ordered molecular structure, so that the generation of inter-crystal crushing is facilitated. The invention can realize the micro-nano of the carbon material in an environment-friendly and efficient way.
The first aspect of the present invention provides micro-nano carbon particles, wherein 50% or more of the micro-nano carbon particles have a particle diameter of 1 micron or less, and 90% or more of the micro-nano carbon particles have a particle diameter of 2 microns or less.
The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the micro-nano carbon particles according to the first aspect of the present invention, which comprises the following steps:
1) Coarse crushing the carbon particle raw material, screening to obtain feed particles with a certain particle size, and returning the returned particles which do not accord with the feed particle size to the coarse crushing step;
2) Mixing the feed particles and the deconstructing liquid according to a certain mass ratio, stirring for a certain time, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation 1 to obtain the deconstructing particles and the deconstructing circulating liquid;
3) Mixing the disaggregated particles with grinding fluid, a medicament 1 and a medicament 2 according to a certain mass ratio, grinding, discharging after a certain total grinding time period, and preparing grinding slurry;
4) And (3) carrying out solid-liquid separation 2 on the grinding slurry to obtain micro-nano carbon particles and grinding circulating liquid.
Preferably, the carbon particle raw material in the step (1) is one or more of coal, activated carbon, petroleum coke, semicoke, gasification residue, biochar or graphite; the certain grain diameter is 20-300 mu m.
Preferably, the deconstructing solution in step (2) is: one or more of methanol, ethanol, toluene, acetone, butanone, chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, propanal, diethyl ether, benzene, sulfur dicarbonate, water, gasoline or diesel; the mass ratio of the feed particles to the deconstructing liquid is as follows: and (3) feeding particles: deconstructed liquid = 100:0-3000; the stirring time is 30 seconds to 7 days.
Preferably, in the step (2), a deconstructing agent, namely, one or more of tetrahydronaphthalene, hydrogen tetrachloride, tetrahydrofuran, trihaloalkane, pyridine, sodium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide, N-hexane, urea, isopropanol, N-methylpyrrolidone, pentafluorobenzonitrile, octafluorobenzene, ethyl acetate, N, N-tetramethylenediamine or ionic liquid, is added, wherein the feeding particles, the deconstructing agent and the deconstructing liquid are mixed according to mass proportion. Wherein the mass ratio of the feed particles, the deconstructing liquid and the deconstructing agent is as follows: and (3) feeding particles: deconstructing liquid: deconstructor = 100:0-3000: 0 to 100; the certain stirring time is 30 seconds to 7 days. That is, the deconstructing agent is further included in the deconstructing process, and the deconstructing agent can further improve the deconstructing effect. Liquid-type deconstructing agents, such as tetrahydronaphthalene, hydrogen tetrachloride, tetrahydrofuran, trihaloalkane, and pyridine, have a certain deconstructing ability even when used alone, but are expensive, so that they are added only in small amounts in the present invention as components for enhancing the deconstructing effect of the deconstructing solution. The solid deconstruction agent, such as sodium hydroxide and urea, needs to be dissolved into the deconstructing liquid to have the deconstructing effect and promote the deconstructing effect of the deconstructing liquid.
Preferably, the deconstructed circulation liquid obtained after the solid-liquid separation 1 in the step (2) can be used as the deconstructed circulation liquid in the next flow before the solid-liquid separation 1 in the step (2), that is, in the step (2), the feeding particles, the deconstructed circulation liquid and the deconstructed circulation liquid are mixed according to the mass ratio, wherein the mass ratio of the feeding particles, the deconstructed circulation liquid and the deconstructed circulation liquid is as follows: and (3) feeding particles: deconstructing liquid: deconstructing agent: deconstructed circulation fluid = 100:0-3000: 0 to 3000. More preferably, in the step (2), a deconstructing agent is added, and the feeding particles, the deconstructing liquid, the deconstructing agent and the deconstructing circulating liquid are mixed according to a certain mass ratio, wherein the certain mass ratio is as follows: and (3) feeding particles: deconstructing liquid: deconstructing agent: deconstructed circulation fluid = 100:0-3000: 0 to 100:0 to 3000.
Preferably, the grinding fluid in the step (3) is one or more of tetralin, hydrogen tetrachloride, tetrahydrofuran, trihaloalkane, pyridine, methanol, ethanol, toluene, acetone, propionaldehyde, diethyl ether, benzene, sulfur dicarbonate, water, gasoline, diesel oil, acetonitrile, acetylacetone, dimethyl sulfoxide or butyrolactone; the medicament 1 is one or more of sorbitan oleate, sorbitan trioleate, oleic acid, fatty acid ammonium salt, anionic aliphatic ester, modified polyurethane polymer, paraffin, low-molecular wax, naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate, sodium lignin sulfonate, polyacrylic acid, polycarboxylate, humic acid, polyolefin, rosin, polyoxyethylene, polyether, sodium hexametaphosphate, titanate, betaine, nonylphenol ethoxysulfuric acid, tween, span or inorganic salt; the medicament 2 is one or more of polyethylene glycol, lecithin, starch, hydrogenated castor oil, xanthan gum, guar gum, polyacrylamide, triton, ionic liquid or linear alcohol ethoxy.
Preferably, the certain mass ratio in the step (3) is as follows: the disaggregation particles are grinding fluid, wherein the medicine 1=100:0-3000: 0 to 100; the mass ratio of the certain medicament 2 to the total grinding fluid is 0.01-20: 100; the grinding mode is a medium stirring mill, a ball mill, a planetary mill or a high-speed rotary mill.
Preferably, the grinding circulation liquid obtained after the solid-liquid separation 2 in the step (4) can be used as the grinding circulation liquid in the next flow in the step (3), that is, in the step (3), the disaggregated particles, the grinding liquid, the grinding circulation liquid and the first medicament are mixed according to a certain mass ratio, and then ground, wherein the certain mass ratio is as follows: disaggregated particles: grinding fluid: grinding circulation fluid: first agent=100: 0 to 3000:0 to 3000:0 to 100.
The third aspect of the present invention provides a method for improving the pulverizing degree of carbon particles, which comprises the steps of firstly using a deconstructing agent and a deconstructing liquid with a deconstructing capability to deconstruct a carbon material, breaking cross-linking bonds in the carbon material, enabling directional rearrangement to occur in a molecular structure, improving the ordering degree of crystals, and simultaneously leaching small molecules in the carbon material structure, further increasing the macroporous structure of the carbon material, increasing stress points, deepening the subsequent grinding degree and improving the pulverizing degree of the carbon particles.
Preferably, the grinding fluid in the grinding process of the invention also has the capability of dissociation, the diffusion effect in the carbon particles is promoted in the grinding process, the capability of dissociation is enhanced, the hardness of newly generated fine particles is reduced, stress points are formed in the grinding fluid, and the grinding fluid has a deeper directional ordered molecular structure, so that the generation of inter-crystal crushing is facilitated.
In the present invention, the first drug 1 is the first drug, and the second drug 2 is the second drug. The solid-liquid separation 1 is the first solid-liquid separation, and the solid-liquid separation 2 is the second solid-liquid separation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention adopts a method of deconstructing-grinding for the first time, firstly uses deconstructing agent and deconstructing liquid with deconstructing capability to deconstruct the carbon material, breaks the cross-linking bond in the carbon material, leads the molecular structure to be directionally rearranged, improves the order degree of crystals, and simultaneously leads small molecules in the carbon material structure to be leached out, further leads the macroporous structure of the carbon material to be increased, increases stress points, deepens the subsequent grinding degree and improves the grinding degree of carbon particles.
2. Furthermore, the grinding liquid in the grinding process has the capability of dissociation, the diffusion effect in the carbon particles is promoted in the grinding process, the capability of dissociation is enhanced, the hardness of newly generated fine particles is reduced, stress points are formed in the inside of the fine particles, and the deep directional ordered molecular structure is favorable for the occurrence of inter-crystal crushing, so that the micro-nano carbon particles are obtained by breaking through the crushing limit.
3. The invention can realize the micro-nano of the carbon material in an environment-friendly and efficient way. The micro-nano carbon particles obtained by the preparation method have the particle size of more than 50 percent of particles with the particle size smaller than or equal to 1 micron, and more than 90 percent of particles with the particle size smaller than 2 microns.
4. The invention adopts wet grinding, has good environmental protection, and simple and easy preparation process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the materials in the preparation process of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows the particle diameter distribution pattern of carbon particles obtained in comparative examples and examples of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described with reference to specific examples, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. Experimental methods, in which specific conditions are not specified in examples, are generally available commercially according to conventional conditions as well as those described in handbooks, or according to general-purpose equipment, materials, reagents, etc. used under conditions suggested by manufacturers, unless otherwise specified. The raw materials required in the following examples and comparative examples are all commercially available.
Comparative example:
the coal particles are crushed by coarse crushing and then are screened to obtain feed particles with the size of 75-150 mu m, and return particles which do not accord with the feed particle size are sent back to the coarse crushing step. Based on mass percentage, the feed particles, methanol, nonylphenol ethoxysulfuric acid and linear alcohol ethoxy are mixed according to a ratio of 100:300:1:0.05 and then are input into a medium stirring mill, and the mixture is milled for 3 hours and then discharged, so that the milling slurry is prepared. And (3) carrying out mechanical press filtration on the grinding slurry to obtain micro-nano carbon particles and grinding circulating liquid. The particle size distribution of the obtained carbon particles is shown in comparative example in fig. 3.
Embodiment case 1:
the coal particles are crushed by coarse crushing and then are screened to obtain feed particles with the size of 75-150 mu m, and return particles which do not accord with the feed particle size are sent back to the coarse crushing step. Based on mass percent, the feed particles and ethanol are mixed according to the weight percentage of 100: 400. after stirring for 20 hours, mechanical press filtration is carried out to obtain the disaggregated particles and the disaggregated circulating liquid. Based on mass percent, the disaggregated particles, methanol, nonylphenol ethoxysulfuric acid and linear alcohol ethoxy are mixed according to a ratio of 100:300:1:0.05 and then are input into a medium stirring mill, and the mixture is milled for 3 hours and then discharged, so that the milling slurry is prepared. And (3) carrying out mechanical press filtration on the grinding slurry to obtain micro-nano carbon particles and grinding circulating liquid. The particle size distribution of the obtained micro-nano carbon particles is shown as case 1 in fig. 3.
Embodiment case 2:
after coarse crushing, sieving to obtain 100-150 μm feeding grains, and returning the returning grains not conforming to the feeding granularity to coarse crushing. Based on mass percent, the feed particles and methanol are mixed according to the weight percent of 100: 400. after stirring for 5min, mechanical press filtration is carried out to obtain the disaggregated particles and the disaggregated circulating liquid. Based on mass percent, the disaggregated particles, water, polyether and xanthan gum are mixed according to a ratio of 100:900:5:0.05 and then are input into a medium stirring mill, and the mixture is discharged after being ground for 3 hours, so that the grinding slurry is prepared. And (3) carrying out mechanical press filtration on the grinding slurry to obtain micro-nano carbon particles and grinding circulating liquid. The particle size distribution of the obtained micro-nano carbon particles is shown as case 2 in fig. 3.
Embodiment 3:
in comparison with example 1, in this case, press filtration was not performed after the dissociation, but grinding was performed after the direct addition of the drug to prepare slurry.
The coal particles are crushed by coarse crushing and then are screened to obtain 150-300 mu m feeding particles, and returning particles which do not accord with the feeding particle size are returned to the coarse crushing step. Based on mass percent, the feed particles and methanol are mixed according to the ratio of 150: 400. after stirring for 24 hours. Based on mass percent, the mixture, sodium hexametaphosphate and triton are mixed according to a ratio of 550:5:0.1 and then are input into a medium stirring mill, and the mixture is milled for 5 hours and then discharged, so that the milling slurry is prepared. And (3) carrying out mechanical press filtration on the grinding slurry to obtain micro-nano carbon particles and grinding circulating liquid. The particle size distribution of the obtained micro-nano carbon particles is shown as case 3 in fig. 3.
Embodiment 4:
the deconstructing agent N-methylpyrrolidone was added in this case as compared with example 2.
After coarse crushing, sieving to obtain 100-150 um feeding particles, and returning the returned particles not conforming to the feeding granularity to coarse crushing. Mixing the feed particles with methanol and N-methyl pyrrolidone according to a ratio of 100:400: 10. after stirring for 5min, mechanical press filtration is carried out to obtain the disaggregated particles and the disaggregated circulating liquid. Mixing the disaggregated particles with water, polyether and xanthan gum according to a ratio of 100:900:5:0.05, inputting the mixture into a medium stirring mill, and discharging after the mixture is ground for 3 hours. And (3) carrying out mechanical press filtration on the grinding slurry to obtain micro-nano carbon particles and grinding circulating liquid. The particle size distribution of the obtained micro-nano carbon particles is shown as case 4 in fig. 3.
As can be seen from fig. 3, the particle size of the carbon particles obtained in the comparative example is mostly concentrated at about 6 μm, while the particle size of the micro-nano carbon particles obtained in the case 1 of the present invention is mostly concentrated at about 1 μm, which is already much smaller than that of the comparative example, the particle size of the micro-nano carbon particles obtained in the further case 2 is partly concentrated at about 0.07 μm, while the particle size of the micro-nano carbon particles obtained in the case 3 is partly concentrated at about 0.2 μm, and the ratio of the particle sizes of the small particles is increased on the basis of the case 4, which means that the method breaks the "breaking limit" of the present invention, and the further grinding of the particles can realize micro-nanocrystallization, and the addition of a small amount of deconstructant can further increase the ratio of the particle sizes of the small particles.
The above embodiments describe the basic principles and main features of the present invention and advantages of the present invention. It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the embodiments and descriptions described above are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention and not in any way limiting the scope of the invention, and that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A micro-nano carbon particle, characterized in that 50% or more of the micro-nano carbon particles have a particle diameter of 1 micron or less, and 90% or more of the micro-nano carbon particles have a particle diameter of 2 microns or less.
2. A method for preparing the micro-nano carbon particles according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
1) Coarse crushing the carbon particle raw material, and sieving to obtain feed particles;
2) Mixing and stirring the feed particles and the deconstructing liquid according to the mass ratio, and performing first solid-liquid separation to obtain the deconstructing particles and the deconstructing circulating liquid;
3) Mixing the disaggregated particles with grinding fluid, a first medicament and a second medicament according to mass proportion, grinding, discharging after total grinding time to prepare grinding slurry;
4) And (3) carrying out second solid-liquid separation on the grinding slurry to obtain micro-nano carbon particles and grinding circulating liquid.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the carbon particulate material in step (1) is one or more of coal, activated carbon, petroleum coke, semicoke, gasification residue, biochar or graphite; the particle size of the feeding particles is 20-300 mu m.
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the deconstructing solution in step (2) is: one or more of methanol, ethanol, toluene, acetone, butanone, chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, propanal, diethyl ether, benzene, sulfur dicarbonate, water, gasoline or diesel; the mass ratio of the feed particles to the deconstructing liquid is as follows: and (3) feeding particles: deconstructed liquid = 100:0-3000; the stirring time is 30 seconds to 7 days.
5. The preparation method of claim 2, wherein in the step (2), a deconstructing agent can be added, namely the feeding particles are mixed with the deconstructing agent and the deconstructing liquid according to mass proportion, wherein the deconstructing agent is one or more of tetralin, hydrogen tetrachloride, tetrahydrofuran, trihaloalkane, pyridine, sodium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide, N-hexane, urea, isopropanol, N-methylpyrrolidone, pentafluorobenzonitrile, octafluorotoluene, ethyl acetate, N, N-tetramethylenediamine or ionic liquid; wherein the mass ratio of the feed particles, the deconstructing liquid and the deconstructing agent is as follows: and (3) feeding particles: deconstructing liquid: deconstructor = 100:0-3000: 0 to 100; the stirring time is 30 seconds to 7 days.
6. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein the deconstructed circulation liquid obtained after the first solid-liquid separation in step (2) can be used as the deconstructed circulation liquid in the next flow before the first solid-liquid separation in step (2), that is, in step (2), the feeding particles, the deconstructed circulation liquid and the deconstructed circulation liquid are mixed according to the mass ratio, wherein the mass ratio of the feeding particles, the deconstructed circulation liquid and the deconstructed circulation liquid is: and (3) feeding particles: deconstructing liquid: deconstructing agent: deconstructed circulation fluid = 100:0-3000: 0 to 3000.
7. The method according to claim 2, wherein the polishing liquid in the step (3) is one or more of tetralin, hydrogen tetrachloride, tetrahydrofuran, trihaloalkane, pyridine, methanol, ethanol, toluene, acetone, propionaldehyde, diethyl ether, benzene, sulfur dicarbonate, water, gasoline, diesel oil, acetonitrile, acetylacetone, dimethyl sulfoxide, and butyrolactone; the first medicament is one or more of sorbitan oleate, sorbitan trioleate, oleic acid, fatty acid ammonium salt, anionic aliphatic ester, modified polyurethane polymer, paraffin, low-molecular wax, naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate, sodium lignin sulfonate, polyacrylic acid, polycarboxylate, humic acid, polyolefin, rosin, polyoxyethylene, polyether, sodium hexametaphosphate, titanate, betaine, nonylphenol ethoxysulfuric acid, tween, span or inorganic salt; the second medicament is one or more of polyethylene glycol, lecithin, starch, hydrogenated castor oil, xanthan gum, guar gum, polyacrylamide, triton, ionic liquid or linear alcohol ethoxy.
8. The method according to claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of the disaggregated particles, the polishing liquid, and the first agent in step (3) is: first agent=100:0-3000: 0 to 100; the mass ratio of the second medicament to the total grinding fluid is 0.01-20: 100; the grinding mode is a medium stirring mill, a ball mill, a planetary mill or a high-speed rotary mill.
9. The method according to claim 2, wherein the polishing liquid obtained after the second solid-liquid separation in the step (4) can be used as the polishing liquid in the next process in the step (3), that is, in the step (3), the mixture of the disaggregated particles and the polishing liquid, the polishing liquid and the first chemical agent is mixed in mass ratio, and then the mixture is polished, wherein the mass ratio of the disaggregated particles, the polishing liquid and the first chemical agent is as follows: disaggregated particles: grinding fluid: grinding circulation fluid: first agent=100: 0 to 3000:0 to 3000:0 to 100.
10. A method for improving the crushing degree of carbon particles is characterized in that a deconstructing agent and deconstructing liquid with the capability of deconstructing are utilized to deconstruct the carbon material, and cross-linking bonds in the carbon material are broken, so that directional rearrangement occurs in a molecular structure, the order degree of crystals is improved, and meanwhile, small molecules in the carbon material structure are leached out, so that the macroporous structure of the carbon material is increased, stress points are increased, the subsequent grinding degree is deepened, and the crushing degree of the carbon particles is improved.
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