CN116404611B - Leakage current protection method and leakage current protection system for photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker - Google Patents
Leakage current protection method and leakage current protection system for photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/26—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents
- H02H3/32—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/327—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/52—Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/02—Details
- H02H3/021—Details concerning the disconnection itself, e.g. at a particular instant, particularly at zero value of current, disconnection in a predetermined order
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/02—Details
- H02H3/05—Details with means for increasing reliability, e.g. redundancy arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/02—Details
- H02H3/06—Details with automatic reconnection
- H02H3/066—Reconnection being a consequence of eliminating the fault which caused disconnection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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Abstract
The application provides a leakage current protection method and a leakage current protection system for a photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker, wherein the leakage current protection method comprises the following specific steps: calculating instantaneous leakage current when the switch of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker is in the on-position; generating an execution instruction according to the instantaneous leakage current, a preset leakage current action gear group and a gear value of the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker; controlling the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker to execute the execution instruction; the current gear is a gear in the leakage current action gear group, so that the leakage current protection technical scheme for generating an execution instruction based on the leakage current action gear group and improving the reliability of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of power system automation and protection control, in particular to a leakage current protection method and a leakage current protection system for a photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker.
Background
At present, low-voltage small-capacity photovoltaic installation projects such as roof photovoltaic and the like are increasingly put into use, the power supply structure of a power distribution network radially develops from an original single power supply to multiple power supplies, the power supply structure of the power distribution network is deeply changed by photovoltaic access, and the current waveform of an inverter during working is not a standard sine wave, so that the performance of the traditional AC type leakage protection of the power distribution network is challenged.
The existing low-voltage adopts an AC type leakage protector, and when the detected leakage current is larger than 30mA, the leakage protector needs to be tripped within 100 ms. When the inverter works, the current is not a standard sine wave, and when the inverter works normally, a certain amount of leakage current is induced, so that the original leakage protector can jump by mistake; and the distribution network structure is changed into a multi-power structure from a traditional single power supply, a leakage current provider is changed into a current main network power supply and a photovoltaic power supply from an original main network power supply, and the photovoltaic side leakage current has obvious weak feedback characteristics.
Therefore, a reliable implementation method for protecting the leakage current of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker is needed to be found, so that normal working current of the inverter during operation can be avoided, and the inverter can be tripped as soon as possible during an electric shock accident, and the protection quick action is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the application provides a leakage current protection method and a leakage current protection system for a photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker, and the reliability of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker is improved by generating an execution instruction based on a leakage current action gear group.
The application provides a leakage current protection method for a photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker, which comprises the following specific steps:
calculating instantaneous leakage current when the switch of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker is in the on-position;
generating an execution instruction according to the instantaneous leakage current, a preset leakage current action gear group and a gear value of the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker;
controlling the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker to execute the execution instruction;
the current gear is a gear in the leakage current action gear group.
Further, generating an execution instruction according to the instantaneous leakage current, a preset leakage current action gear group and a gear value of the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker, wherein the execution instruction comprises the following specific steps:
according to the gear value of the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker, acquiring an upper limit value of a gear corresponding to the gear value in a preset leakage current action gear group, and obtaining an action value;
matching the instantaneous leakage current with the action value to obtain a first matching result;
and generating an execution instruction according to the first matching result.
Further, according to the first matching result, an execution instruction is generated, which comprises the following specific steps:
and when the first matching result is that the instantaneous leakage current is continuously higher than the action value within a first preset time period, generating a tripping instruction, and taking the tripping instruction as an executing instruction.
Further, according to the first matching result, an execution instruction is generated, which comprises the following specific steps:
when the first matching result is that the instantaneous leakage current is not continuously higher than the action value within a first preset duration, calculating a leakage current average value within a first interval duration according to the instantaneous leakage current;
generating a first shift instruction according to the leakage current average value and the preset leakage current action shift group, and taking the first shift instruction as an execution instruction.
Further, according to the first matching result, an execution instruction is generated, which comprises the following specific steps:
acquiring the duration time of the current closing of the switch of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker, and obtaining the closing duration time;
when the bit closing duration is longer than a second preset duration and the first matching result is that the instantaneous leakage current is not continuously higher than the action value in the first preset duration, calculating a leakage current average value in a first interval duration according to the instantaneous leakage current;
generating a second gear shifting instruction according to the leakage current average value and the preset leakage current action gear group, and taking the second gear shifting instruction as an execution instruction.
Further, after the photovoltaic grid-connected breaker is controlled to execute the execution instruction, the method further comprises the following specific steps:
matching the gear value with the gear value of the highest gear in the leakage current action gear group to obtain a second matching result;
when the second matching result is that the gear value is smaller than the gear value of the highest gear, calculating the maximum residual current in the first preset duration according to the instantaneous leakage current in the first preset duration;
updating the gear value according to the maximum residual current value, the action value of the highest gear and the floating value of each gear in the leakage current action gear group, and generating a first reclosing instruction;
and controlling the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker to execute the first reclosing instruction.
Further, after the photovoltaic grid-connected breaker is controlled to execute the execution instruction, the method further comprises the following specific steps:
calculating tripping interval time according to the last execution time of the tripping instruction;
when the tripping interval time is greater than a preset time interval, matching the gear value with the gear value of the highest gear in the leakage current action gear group to obtain a third matching result;
when the third matching result is that the gear value is smaller than the gear value of the highest gear, calculating the maximum residual current in the first preset duration according to the instantaneous leakage current in the first preset duration;
updating the gear value according to the maximum residual current value, the action value of the highest gear and the floating value of each gear in the leakage current action gear group, and generating a second reclosing instruction;
and controlling the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker to execute the second reclosing instruction.
Further, between every two adjacent gears of the leakage current action gear group, the action value of the low gear is not smaller than the return value of the high gear, the action value of the low gear is smaller than the action value of the high gear, and the return value of the low gear is smaller than the return value of the high gear.
Further, before generating an execution instruction according to the instantaneous leakage current, a preset leakage current action gear group and a gear value of a current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker, the method further comprises the following specific steps:
obtaining a residual current vector value and a voltage vector corresponding to the instantaneous leakage current;
according to the gear value of the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker, acquiring the action value of a gear which is one gear lower than the current gear in a preset leakage current action gear group, and acquiring a low gear action value;
determining a first gear shifting instruction according to the residual current vector value, the low gear action value and the included angle between the residual current vector value and the voltage vector;
determining a second gear shifting instruction according to the residual current flow value and the action value of the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker;
and adjusting the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker according to the first gear shifting instruction and the second gear shifting instruction to obtain a new gear value of the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker.
The application also provides a leakage current protection system for the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker, which comprises the following components:
the calculation module is used for calculating the instantaneous leakage current when the switch of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker is in the on-position;
the execution instruction generation module is used for generating an execution instruction according to the instantaneous leakage current, a preset leakage current action gear group and a gear value of the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker;
the execution module is used for controlling the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker to execute the execution instruction;
the current gear is a gear in the leakage current action gear group.
The technical scheme provided by the application has at least the following beneficial effects:
by calculating the instantaneous leakage current when the switch of the photovoltaic grid-connected breaker is in the combined position and performing corresponding data processing based on the instantaneous leakage current, the leakage current action gear group formed by a plurality of gears and the gear value of the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected breaker, an execution instruction can be flexibly generated according to the actual working condition, and the reliability of the photovoltaic grid-connected breaker is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a leakage current protection method for a photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker provided by the application;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a leakage current protection system for a photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker according to the present application.
Detailed Description
The present application will be further described in detail with reference to the drawings and examples, which are only for the purpose of illustrating the application and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the application.
Referring to fig. 1, the present application provides a leakage current protection method for a photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker, comprising the following specific steps:
s100: calculating instantaneous leakage current when the switch of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker is in the on-position;
s200: generating an execution instruction according to the instantaneous leakage current, a preset leakage current action gear group and a gear value of the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker;
s300: controlling the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker to execute the execution instruction;
the current gear is a gear in the leakage current action gear group.
In the embodiment, the leakage current protection method is realized in the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker through software program control, hardware transformation is not needed, and transformation cost is low. For the traditional scene adopting the AC type leakage protector, the technical scheme of the application can be implemented after the AC type leakage protector is replaced by the photovoltaic grid-connected breaker. The photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker has a leakage protection function, a leakage current action gear group in the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker is a combination formed by a plurality of leakage current action gears, and each leakage current action gear comprises an upper limit value and a lower limit value. The upper limit value is represented by an action value, and the lower limit value is represented by a return value. Each leakage current action gear corresponds to a gear value, which is used for representing the gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected breaker, and the gear value can be represented by integers, such as: the gear value of 1 represents the 1 gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected breaker, the gear value of 2 represents the 2 gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected breaker, the gear value of 3 represents the 3 gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected breaker, and the like, and corresponding gear values are set. According to actual needs, the gear values in the application can be represented by letters or other symbols. It should be noted that, in the present application, the instantaneous leakage current is a dynamic value, and the instantaneous leakage current calculated at different times may be different according to different working environments. The execution instruction in the application is used for controlling the photovoltaic grid-connected breaker to execute corresponding operations, such as tripping, reclosing or maintaining a closing state. In a specific embodiment, the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker is a certain gear in the leakage current action gear group, the switch of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker is in a combined state, current passes through the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker, and a plurality of instantaneous leakage currents at different time points can be obtained by calculating the instantaneous leakage currents in real time. At this time, corresponding data processing can be performed on the calculated instantaneous leakage current, the upper limit value and the lower limit value of each gear set in the leakage current action gear set, and the gear value of the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker, so as to determine whether the current instantaneous leakage current meets the safety standard, and accordingly generate corresponding execution instructions such as tripping, gear shifting or state maintaining, and the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker performs tripping, gear shifting or state maintaining according to the execution instructions.
Further, generating an execution instruction according to the instantaneous leakage current, a preset leakage current action gear group and a gear value of the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker, wherein the execution instruction comprises the following specific steps:
s201: according to the gear value of the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker, acquiring an upper limit value of a gear corresponding to the gear value in a preset leakage current action gear group, and obtaining an action value;
s202: matching the instantaneous leakage current with the action value to obtain a first matching result;
s203: and generating an execution instruction according to the first matching result.
In this embodiment, the instantaneous leakage current is matched with the action value of the current gear, and when the matching result, that is, the first matching result, meets the corresponding condition, a corresponding execution instruction is generated. Such as: and if the instantaneous leakage current exceeds the current gear action value, generating a tripping instruction for tripping the circuit breaker, and executing corresponding tripping operation by the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker according to the tripping instruction. In a specific embodiment, the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected breaker is assumed to be 3, the action value is 100mA, and the return value is 50mA. When the calculated instantaneous leakage current is 150mA-160mA, matching the instantaneous leakage current to be greater than the action value of 100mA at 3 gears, generating a tripping instruction, and executing tripping operation by the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker; when the calculated instantaneous leakage current is less than or equal to the action value of 100mA in 3 gears, no tripping instruction is generated, and the instantaneous leakage current is further analyzed to generate other types of execution instructions.
Further, according to the first matching result, an execution instruction is generated, which comprises the following specific steps:
and when the first matching result is that the instantaneous leakage current is continuously higher than the action value within a first preset time period, generating a tripping instruction, and taking the tripping instruction as an executing instruction.
In this embodiment, the first preset duration may be understood as a threshold time for crossing the line. When the instantaneous leakage current exceeds the current gear action value and lasts for a certain time, a tripping instruction for controlling the circuit breaker to trip is generated, and the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker executes corresponding tripping operation according to the tripping instruction. In a specific embodiment, the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected breaker is assumed to be 3, the action value is 100mA, the return value is 50mA, and the line crossing threshold time is 30s. When the calculated instantaneous leakage current is 150mA-160mA and lasts for 30s, a tripping instruction is generated, and the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker executes tripping operation
Further, according to the first matching result, an execution instruction is generated, which comprises the following specific steps:
when the first matching result is that the instantaneous leakage current is not continuously higher than the action value within a first preset duration, calculating a leakage current average value within a first interval duration according to the instantaneous leakage current;
generating a first shift instruction according to the leakage current average value and the preset leakage current action shift group, and taking the first shift instruction as an execution instruction.
In this embodiment, a leakage current average value in a preset time period is calculated according to the instantaneous leakage current, and a gear value of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker can be dynamically adjusted according to the leakage current average value, so that an action value of a current gear is dynamically adjusted, and an action threshold of leakage protection is dynamically adjusted. In a specific embodiment, the first interval duration is set to 1 minute, the switch of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker is in the on-position state, and the instantaneous leakage current is not continuously higher than the action value of the current gear within the first preset duration. At this time, the average value of the leakage current within 1 minute is calculated according to the instantaneous leakage current, the return value and the action value of the current gear in the preset leakage current action gear group are obtained, and the return value of the current gear lower than the current gear in the preset leakage current action gear group is obtained. If the leakage current average value is larger than the return value of the current gear and smaller than the action value of the current gear and is maintained for 1 minute, a first gear shifting instruction for controlling the gear to float upwards is generated, the first gear shifting instruction is used as an execution instruction, the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker lifts the gear by one gear according to the execution instruction, and the leakage current protection method is executed again until the highest gear. If the leakage current average value is smaller than the return value of the first gear lower than the current gear and is maintained for 1 minute, a first gear shifting instruction for controlling the gear to float downwards by one gear is generated, the first gear shifting instruction is used as an execution instruction, the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker drops the gear by one gear according to the execution instruction, and the leakage current protection method is executed again until the lowest gear is reached.
Further, according to the first matching result, an execution instruction is generated, which comprises the following specific steps:
acquiring the duration time of the current closing of the switch of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker, and obtaining the closing duration time;
when the bit closing duration is longer than a second preset duration and the first matching result is that the instantaneous leakage current is not continuously higher than the action value in the first preset duration, calculating a leakage current average value in a first interval duration according to the instantaneous leakage current;
generating a second gear shifting instruction according to the leakage current average value and the preset leakage current action gear group, and taking the second gear shifting instruction as an execution instruction.
In the embodiment, the influence of the inverter startup leakage current on the leakage current average value calculation can be reduced by acquiring the duration of the switch of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker entering the current switching state and keeping the gear unchanged in a certain time. In a specific embodiment, the first preset time period is set to 30s, the second preset time period is set to 5 minutes, and the first interval time period is set to 1 minute. After the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker is switched on or reclosed, the gear is fixed and kept for 5 minutes, so that transient leakage current when the inverter is started can be avoided, and the gear is not changed any more in the period. When the switch of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker is in the combination position, the combination position duration is longer than 5 minutes, and the instantaneous leakage current is not continuously higher than the action value of the current gear within 30 seconds, the leakage current average value within 1 minute can be calculated according to the instantaneous leakage current, the return value and the action value of the current gear in the preset leakage current action gear group are obtained, and meanwhile the return value of one gear lower than the current gear in the preset leakage current action gear group is obtained. If the leakage current average value is larger than the return value of the current gear and smaller than the action value of the current gear and is maintained for 1 minute, a second gear shifting instruction for controlling the gear to float upwards is generated, the second gear shifting instruction is used as an execution instruction, the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker lifts the gear by one gear according to the execution instruction, and the leakage current protection method is re-executed until the highest gear. If the leakage current average value is smaller than the return value of the first gear lower than the current gear and is maintained for 1 minute, a second gear shifting instruction for controlling the gear to float downwards by one gear is generated, the second gear shifting instruction is used as an execution instruction, the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker drops the gear by one gear according to the execution instruction, and the leakage current protection method is executed again until the lowest gear. The steady state leakage current of the inverter during operation can be avoided by dynamically adjusting the leakage current threshold through the normal leakage current average value in a period of time and the return value and the action value in the leakage current action gear group.
Further, after the photovoltaic grid-connected breaker is controlled to execute the execution instruction, the method further comprises the following specific steps:
matching the gear value with the gear value of the highest gear in the leakage current action gear group to obtain a second matching result;
when the second matching result is that the gear value is smaller than the gear value of the highest gear, calculating the maximum residual current in the first preset duration according to the instantaneous leakage current in the first preset duration;
updating the gear value according to the maximum residual current value, the action value of the highest gear and the floating value of each gear in the leakage current action gear group, and generating a first reclosing instruction;
and controlling the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker to execute the first reclosing instruction.
In the embodiment, after the photovoltaic grid-connected breaker executes the tripping instruction, whether the current gear is the highest gear is determined by matching the gear value of the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected breaker with the gear value of the highest gear in the leakage current action gear group. If the current gear is the highest gear during tripping, the reclosing failure is reported, and reclosing is not performed. If the gear value of the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker is smaller than the gear value of the highest gear, finding out the maximum residual current in the first preset time period when tripping. The floating value of each gear in the leakage current operation gear group can be calculated by the difference between the operation value and the return value of each gear. When the maximum residual current is larger than the floating value of a certain gear and smaller than the action value of the certain gear, the gear can be floated up to the last gear of the certain gear so as to update the gear value of the current gear; when the maximum residual current is larger than the action value of the highest gear, the gear can be adjusted to the highest gear so as to update the gear value of the current gear. After the gear value is updated, the action value and the return value of the current gear are synchronously updated to the action value and the return value of the new gear, and at the moment, a first reclosing instruction for controlling reclosing can be generated, so that the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker is controlled to perform reclosing operation.
Further, after the photovoltaic grid-connected breaker is controlled to execute the execution instruction, the method further comprises the following specific steps:
calculating tripping interval time according to the last execution time of the tripping instruction;
when the tripping interval time is greater than a preset time interval, matching the gear value with the gear value of the highest gear in the leakage current action gear group to obtain a third matching result;
when the third matching result is that the gear value is smaller than the gear value of the highest gear, calculating the maximum residual current in the first preset duration according to the instantaneous leakage current in the first preset duration;
updating the gear value according to the maximum residual current value, the action value of the highest gear and the floating value of each gear in the leakage current action gear group, and generating a second reclosing instruction;
and controlling the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker to execute the second reclosing instruction.
In the embodiment, by calculating the tripping interval time, whether the tripping operation is frequent in a short time is determined, and when the tripping operation is determined to be frequent in a short time, corresponding reclosing processing is performed, so that damage to devices such as a photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker is reduced. In a specific embodiment, the preset time interval may be set to 5s. If the reclosing 5s switch is tripped again, the reclosing failure is reported, and the reclosing is not performed. After the photovoltaic grid-connected breaker executes the tripping instruction, if the tripping instruction is not the tripping condition within 5 seconds, determining whether the current gear is the highest gear by matching the gear value of the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected breaker with the gear value of the highest gear in the leakage current action gear group. If the current gear is the highest gear during tripping, the reclosing failure is reported, and reclosing is not performed. If the gear value of the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker is smaller than the gear value of the highest gear, finding out the maximum residual current in the first preset time period when tripping. The floating value of each gear in the leakage current operation gear group can be calculated by the difference between the operation value and the return value of each gear. When the maximum residual current is larger than the floating value of a certain gear and smaller than the action value of the certain gear, the gear can be floated up to the last gear of the certain gear so as to update the gear value of the current gear; when the maximum residual current is larger than the action value of the highest gear, the gear can be adjusted to the highest gear so as to update the gear value of the current gear. After the gear value is updated, the action value and the return value of the current gear are synchronously updated to the action value and the return value of the new gear, and at the moment, a second reclosing instruction for reclosing can be generated, so that the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker is controlled to perform reclosing operation.
Further, between every two adjacent gears of the leakage current action gear group, the action value of the low gear is not smaller than the return value of the high gear, the action value of the low gear is smaller than the action value of the high gear, and the return value of the low gear is smaller than the return value of the high gear.
In this embodiment, no break point exists between adjacent preset gears in the leakage current action gear group, and each gear is discontinuously adjustable. Preferably, at least one pair of adjacent gears exists in the leakage current action gear group, wherein the action value of the low gear is larger than the return value of the high gear. In a specific embodiment, the leakage current action gear group includes n leakage current action gears, the gears are discontinuously adjustable, and n is a positive integer. With n set to 7, the gear position setting value can be set as in table 1 below.
Table 1:
in table 1, the gear represents a corresponding gear value, the operation value represents an upper limit value of the corresponding gear, and the return value represents a lower limit value of the corresponding gear, all in mA.
Further, before generating an execution instruction according to the instantaneous leakage current, a preset leakage current action gear group and a gear value of a current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker, the method further comprises the following specific steps:
obtaining a residual current vector value and a voltage vector corresponding to the instantaneous leakage current;
according to the gear value of the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker, acquiring the action value of a gear which is one gear lower than the current gear in a preset leakage current action gear group, and acquiring a low gear action value;
determining a first gear shifting instruction according to the residual current vector value, the low gear action value and the included angle between the residual current vector value and the voltage vector;
determining a second gear shifting instruction according to the residual current flow value and the action value of the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker;
and adjusting the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker according to the first gear shifting instruction and the second gear shifting instruction to obtain a new gear value of the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker.
In the embodiment, a directional element is added, and two sections of protection of a leakage current sensitive section I and a leakage current sensitive section II are arranged. The sensitivity of action when the reverse direction is failed is improved through the leakage current sensitive I section with the direction, and the cutting time, namely the tripping time, when the electric shock accident happens is shortened; and through the sensitive II section without the direction of leakage current, the cutting reliability, namely the tripping reliability, when the forward fault occurs is ensured. The directional element is understood here as a functional module which is implemented by a software program in conjunction with a corresponding algorithm. The step of determining the first shift instruction according to the residual current vector value, the low gear action value, and the included angle between the residual current vector value and the voltage vector may be understood as a process of generating a shift instruction through the leakage current sensitive I-section. The step of determining the second shift instruction according to the residual current magnitude and the action value of the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected breaker can be understood as a process of generating another shift instruction through the leakage current sensitive section II.
In a specific embodiment, it is assumed that a photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker generates a leakage accident downstream of the circuit breaker when a forward leakage protection action occurs, and that a photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker transmits a leakage accident upstream of the circuit breaker when a reverse leakage protection action occurs. The leakage protection action is understood to mean that the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker performs a tripping operation.
In specific implementation, the logic formula for judging the action of the leakage current sensitive I section is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the application,representing the detected residual current flow value; i set-1 The action value of the gear lower than the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker, namely the action value of the lower gear; t represents an out-of-limit duration; t (T) set Representing a time constant; θ represents the leakage protection sensitivity angle, 180 degrees can be taken in the phase A, 60 degrees can be taken in the phase B, and-60 degrees can be taken in the phase C; alpha represents an angle threshold value, which can be 30 degrees; />Representing the detected voltage vector. Time constant T set Representing a preset time threshold.
In the leakage current sensitive I section, if the residual current is of a magnitudeIs greater than the low gear action value I set-1 The out-of-limit duration T is greater than the time constant T set When detecting that the included angle between the leakage protection current (residual current flow value) and the voltage (voltage vector) falls into the action angle sensitivity interval [ theta-alpha, theta+alpha ]]And then, the leakage protection gear is lowered by 1 gear (namely, the first gear shifting instruction is to lower the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker by 1 gear), so that the sensitivity of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker when the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker is used for coping with reverse leakage protection faults is improved.
In specific implementation, the logic formula for judging the action of the leakage current sensitive section II is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the application,representing the detected residual current flow value; i set Representing the action value of the current leakage protection gear, namely the action value of the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker; t represents an out-of-limit duration; t (T) set Representing a time constant. Time constant T set Representing a preset time threshold.
In the leakage current sensitive section II, the leakage current direction is not detected if the residual current is of valueThe absolute value of the voltage is larger than the action value I of the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected breaker set And the out-of-limit duration T is greater than the time constant T set And generating a second shift instruction for lifting the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker by 1 gear, so that the reliability of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker when the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker should cope with the forward leakage protection fault is improved.
Referring to fig. 2, the present application further provides a leakage current protection system 100 for a photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker, including:
the calculation module 11 is used for calculating the instantaneous leakage current when the switch of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker is in the on-position;
the execution instruction generating module 12 is configured to generate an execution instruction according to the instantaneous leakage current, a preset leakage current action gear group, and a gear value of a current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker;
an execution module 13, configured to control the photovoltaic grid-connected breaker to execute the execution instruction;
the current gear is a gear in the leakage current action gear group.
Further, the execution instruction generation module 12 is specifically configured to:
according to the gear value of the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker, acquiring an upper limit value of a gear corresponding to the gear value in a preset leakage current action gear group, and obtaining an action value;
matching the instantaneous leakage current with the action value to obtain a first matching result;
and generating an execution instruction according to the first matching result.
Further, in the execution instruction generation module 12, an execution instruction is generated according to the first matching result, including the following specific steps:
and when the first matching result is that the instantaneous leakage current is continuously higher than the action value within a first preset time period, generating a tripping instruction, and taking the tripping instruction as an executing instruction.
Further, in the execution instruction generation module 12, an execution instruction is generated according to the first matching result, including the following specific steps:
when the first matching result is that the instantaneous leakage current is not continuously higher than the action value within a first preset duration, calculating a leakage current average value within a first interval duration according to the instantaneous leakage current;
generating a first shift instruction according to the leakage current average value and the preset leakage current action shift group, and taking the first shift instruction as an execution instruction.
Further, in the execution instruction generation module 12, an execution instruction is generated according to the first matching result, including the following specific steps:
acquiring the duration time of the current closing of the switch of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker, and obtaining the closing duration time;
when the bit closing duration is longer than a second preset duration and the first matching result is that the instantaneous leakage current is not continuously higher than the action value in the first preset duration, calculating a leakage current average value in a first interval duration according to the instantaneous leakage current;
generating a second gear shifting instruction according to the leakage current average value and the preset leakage current action gear group, and taking the second gear shifting instruction as an execution instruction.
Further, the leakage current protection system 100 further includes a first reclosing module, configured to perform the following specific steps after the execution module 13 operates:
matching the gear value with the gear value of the highest gear in the leakage current action gear group to obtain a second matching result;
when the second matching result is that the gear value is smaller than the gear value of the highest gear, calculating the maximum residual current in the first preset duration according to the instantaneous leakage current in the first preset duration;
updating the gear value according to the maximum residual current value, the action value of the highest gear and the floating value of each gear in the leakage current action gear group, and generating a first reclosing instruction;
and controlling the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker to execute the first reclosing instruction.
Further, the leakage current protection system 100 further includes a second reclosing module, configured to perform the following specific steps after the execution module 13 operates:
calculating tripping interval time according to the last execution time of the tripping instruction;
when the tripping interval time is greater than a preset time interval, matching the gear value with the gear value of the highest gear in the leakage current action gear group to obtain a third matching result;
when the third matching result is that the gear value is smaller than the gear value of the highest gear, calculating the maximum residual current in the first preset duration according to the instantaneous leakage current in the first preset duration;
updating the gear value according to the maximum residual current value, the action value of the highest gear and the floating value of each gear in the leakage current action gear group, and generating a second reclosing instruction;
and controlling the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker to execute the second reclosing instruction.
Further, in the execution instruction generation module 12, between every two adjacent gears of the leakage current operation gear group, the operation value of the low gear is not smaller than the return value of the high gear, the operation value of the low gear is smaller than the operation value of the high gear, and the return value of the low gear is smaller than the return value of the high gear.
Further, the leakage current protection system 100 further includes a sensitivity adjustment module, configured to perform the following specific steps before the execution instruction generation module 12 operates:
obtaining a residual current vector value and a voltage vector corresponding to the instantaneous leakage current;
according to the gear value of the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker, acquiring the action value of a gear which is one gear lower than the current gear in a preset leakage current action gear group, and acquiring a low gear action value;
determining a first gear shifting instruction according to the residual current vector value, the low gear action value and the included angle between the residual current vector value and the voltage vector;
determining a second gear shifting instruction according to the residual current flow value and the action value of the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker;
and adjusting the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker according to the first gear shifting instruction and the second gear shifting instruction to obtain a new gear value of the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker.
The above embodiments should not limit the present application in any way, and all technical solutions obtained by equivalent substitution or equivalent conversion fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. The leakage current protection method for the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:
calculating instantaneous leakage current when the switch of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker is in the on-position;
obtaining a residual current vector value and a voltage vector corresponding to the instantaneous leakage current;
according to the gear value of the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker, acquiring the action value of a gear which is one gear lower than the current gear in a preset leakage current action gear group, and acquiring a low gear action value;
according to the residual current flow value and the action of the low gearDetermining a first shift instruction through an action judgment logic formula of a leakage current sensitive I section, wherein in the leakage current sensitive I section, if the residual current flow value isIs greater than the low gear action value I set-1 The out-of-limit duration T is greater than the time constant T set Detecting that the included angle between the residual current vector value and the voltage vector falls into an action angle sensitive interval [ theta-alpha, theta+alpha ]]Generating a first shift command for shifting down the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker by 1 shift, wherein θ represents a leakage protection sensitive angle, and α represents an angle threshold;
determining a second shift instruction according to the residual current flow value and the action value of the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker through an action judgment logic formula of a leakage current sensitive section II, wherein the leakage current direction is not detected in the leakage current sensitive section II, if the residual current flow valueThe absolute value of the voltage is larger than the action value I of the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected breaker set And the out-of-limit duration T is greater than the time constant T set Generating a second gear shifting instruction for lifting the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker by 1 gear;
according to the first gear shifting instruction and the second gear shifting instruction, the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker is adjusted, and a new gear value of the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker is obtained;
generating an execution instruction according to the instantaneous leakage current, a preset leakage current action gear group and a gear value of the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker;
controlling the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker to execute the execution instruction;
the current gear is a gear in the leakage current action gear group.
2. The leakage current protection method according to claim 1, wherein the generating the execution instruction according to the instantaneous leakage current, the preset leakage current action gear group, and the gear value of the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker comprises the following specific steps:
according to the gear value of the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker, acquiring an upper limit value of a gear corresponding to the gear value in a preset leakage current action gear group, and obtaining an action value;
matching the instantaneous leakage current with the action value to obtain a first matching result;
and generating an execution instruction according to the first matching result.
3. The leakage current protection method according to claim 2, wherein generating an execution instruction according to the first matching result comprises the following specific steps:
and when the first matching result is that the instantaneous leakage current is continuously higher than the action value within a first preset time period, generating a tripping instruction, and taking the tripping instruction as an executing instruction.
4. The leakage current protection method according to claim 2, wherein generating an execution instruction according to the first matching result comprises the following specific steps:
when the first matching result is that the instantaneous leakage current is not continuously higher than the action value within a first preset duration, calculating a leakage current average value within a first interval duration according to the instantaneous leakage current;
generating a first shift instruction according to the leakage current average value and the preset leakage current action shift group, and taking the first shift instruction as an execution instruction.
5. The leakage current protection method according to claim 2, wherein generating an execution instruction according to the first matching result comprises the following specific steps:
acquiring the duration time of the current closing of the switch of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker, and obtaining the closing duration time;
when the bit closing duration is longer than a second preset duration and the first matching result is that the instantaneous leakage current is not continuously higher than the action value in the first preset duration, calculating a leakage current average value in a first interval duration according to the instantaneous leakage current;
generating a second gear shifting instruction according to the leakage current average value and the preset leakage current action gear group, and taking the second gear shifting instruction as an execution instruction.
6. The leakage current protection method according to claim 3, further comprising the following specific steps after controlling the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker to execute the execution instruction:
matching the gear value with the gear value of the highest gear in the leakage current action gear group to obtain a second matching result;
when the second matching result is that the gear value is smaller than the gear value of the highest gear, calculating the maximum residual current in the first preset duration according to the instantaneous leakage current in the first preset duration;
updating the gear value according to the maximum residual current value, the action value of the highest gear and the floating value of each gear in the leakage current action gear group, and generating a first reclosing instruction;
and controlling the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker to execute the first reclosing instruction.
7. The leakage current protection method according to claim 3, further comprising the following specific steps after controlling the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker to execute the execution instruction:
calculating tripping interval time according to the last execution time of the tripping instruction;
when the tripping interval time is greater than a preset time interval, matching the gear value with the gear value of the highest gear in the leakage current action gear group to obtain a third matching result;
when the third matching result is that the gear value is smaller than the gear value of the highest gear, calculating the maximum residual current in the first preset duration according to the instantaneous leakage current in the first preset duration;
updating the gear value according to the maximum residual current value, the action value of the highest gear and the floating value of each gear in the leakage current action gear group, and generating a second reclosing instruction;
and controlling the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker to execute the second reclosing instruction.
8. The leakage current protection method according to claim 1, wherein between every two adjacent gears of the leakage current operation gear group, an operation value of a low gear is not smaller than a return value of a high gear, the operation value of the low gear is smaller than the operation value of the high gear, and the return value of the low gear is smaller than the return value of the high gear.
9. A leakage current protection system for a photovoltaic grid-tie circuit breaker, comprising:
the calculation module is used for calculating the instantaneous leakage current when the switch of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker is in the on-position;
the sensitivity adjustment module is used for acquiring a residual current vector value and a voltage vector corresponding to the instantaneous leakage current; according to the gear value of the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker, acquiring the action value of a gear which is one gear lower than the current gear in a preset leakage current action gear group, and acquiring a low gear action value; determining a first shift instruction according to the residual current flow value, the low gear action value and the included angle between the residual current flow value and the voltage vector through an action judgment logic formula of a leakage current sensitive I section, wherein in the leakage current sensitive I section, if the residual current flow value is presentIs greater than the low gear action value I set-1 The out-of-limit duration T is greater than the time constant T set Detecting that the included angle between the residual current vector value and the voltage vector falls into the action angle sensitivity interval [ theta-alpha, theta ]+α]Generating a first shift command for shifting down the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker by 1 shift, wherein θ represents a leakage protection sensitive angle, and α represents an angle threshold; determining a second shift instruction according to the residual current flow value and the action value of the current shift of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker through an action judgment logic formula of a leakage current sensitive section II, wherein the leakage current direction is not detected in the leakage current sensitive section II, and if the residual current flow value is #>The absolute value of the voltage is larger than the action value I of the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected breaker set And the out-of-limit duration T is greater than the time constant T set Generating a second gear shifting instruction for lifting the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker by 1 gear; according to the first gear shifting instruction and the second gear shifting instruction, the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker is adjusted, and a new gear value of the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker is obtained;
the execution instruction generation module is used for generating an execution instruction according to the instantaneous leakage current, a preset leakage current action gear group and a gear value of the current gear of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker;
the execution module is used for controlling the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker to execute the execution instruction;
the current gear is a gear in the leakage current action gear group.
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