CN116374083B - Bottom-sitting anti-platform anchoring method for fishery cultivation platform - Google Patents
Bottom-sitting anti-platform anchoring method for fishery cultivation platform Download PDFInfo
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- CN116374083B CN116374083B CN202310373216.1A CN202310373216A CN116374083B CN 116374083 B CN116374083 B CN 116374083B CN 202310373216 A CN202310373216 A CN 202310373216A CN 116374083 B CN116374083 B CN 116374083B
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- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 230000009189 diving Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009372 pisciculture Methods 0.000 claims 9
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000014653 Carica parviflora Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000243321 Cnidaria Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
- B63B21/50—Anchoring arrangements or methods for special vessels, e.g. for floating drilling platforms or dredgers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/60—Floating cultivation devices, e.g. rafts or floating fish-farms
- A01K61/65—Connecting or mooring devices therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
- B63B21/04—Fastening or guiding equipment for chains, ropes, hawsers, or the like
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
- B63B21/04—Fastening or guiding equipment for chains, ropes, hawsers, or the like
- B63B21/10—Fairleads
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
- B63B21/16—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring using winches
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
- B63B21/20—Adaptations of chains, ropes, hawsers, or the like, or of parts thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
- B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B43/00—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for
- B63B43/02—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking
- B63B43/04—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking by improving stability
- B63B43/06—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking by improving stability using ballast tanks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
- B63B21/20—Adaptations of chains, ropes, hawsers, or the like, or of parts thereof
- B63B2021/203—Mooring cables or ropes, hawsers, or the like; Adaptations thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Artificial Fish Reefs (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a bottom-sitting anti-platform anchoring method of a fishery cultivation platform, wherein a main diving winch is arranged at the top of a vertical column vertically arranged on the cultivation platform, a cable guiding hole is arranged at the lower part of the vertical column, the bottom end of a mooring cable is fixed on an anchoring foundation on the sea bottom, and the top end of the mooring cable passes through the cable guiding hole upwards and is pulled by the main diving winch; the guide cable hole is fixed on the taper plug, and the taper plug is laterally inserted into the lower part of the upright post; the auxiliary diving winch is further included, and the taper plug is pulled by the auxiliary diving winch through the steel cable; after the main body structure of the cultivation platform adjusts ballast water to switch the floating state, the length of the mooring rope is adjusted through the auxiliary diving winch, and the mooring rope is tightened by combining with the diving winch, so that the acting point and direction of a stress of a mooring point are changed, the vertical downward constraint force component of the mooring rope is increased, the sitting bottom positive pressure is improved, the anti-slip and anti-capsizing under the sitting bottom avoidance state are adapted, and a brand new mooring positioning method is provided for the normalized survival and on-site operation of the fishery cultivation platform.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ocean engineering, in particular to a bottom-sitting anti-platform anchoring method of a fishery cultivation platform.
Background
The semi-submersible type cultivation platform has the characteristics of large area and deep draft, and when encountering severe environmental conditions such as typhoons, the mooring positioning capability and safety of the platform face serious challenges, especially a large-scale fishery cultivation platform located in an open sea position, which faces a harsher sea wave environment compared with an offshore fishery cultivation platform.
The fishery platform is usually provided with a mooring system to support and resist the influence of hydrodynamic force, and the environmental load influence under extreme sea conditions such as typhoons can be eliminated by adopting a bottom-sitting mode.
In the prior art, the fishery culture platform in the bottom-sitting state is often influenced by the upward water pulling power caused by extreme sea conditions, so that the problems of bottom-sitting sliding, bottom-sitting overturning, mooring failure and the like are generated, and the self-storage of the culture platform and the health of fishes are seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The applicant provides a bottom-sitting anti-platform anchoring method of a fishery cultivation platform with reasonable structure aiming at the defects in the prior art, so that the acting point and direction of a mooring point are changed, the vertical downward constraint force component of a mooring cable is increased, the bottom-sitting positive pressure is improved, the bottom-sitting anti-slip and anti-capsizing method is suitable for the bottom-sitting anti-platform state, and the bottom-sitting anti-platform anchoring method is particularly suitable for the use of a open sea fishery cultivation platform.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a bottom-sitting anti-platform anchoring method of a fishery cultivation platform comprises the steps that a main diving winch is arranged at the top of a vertical column vertically arranged on the cultivation platform, a cable guiding hole is arranged at the lower part of the vertical column, the bottom end of a mooring cable is fixed on an anchoring foundation on the sea bottom, and the top end of the mooring cable passes through the cable guiding hole upwards and is pulled by the main diving winch; the guide cable hole is fixed on a taper plug, and the taper plug is laterally inserted into the lower part of the upright post; the auxiliary diving winch is further included, and the taper plug is pulled by the auxiliary diving winch through the steel cable;
the anchoring method comprises a submerging method for switching from a semi-submerging operation state to a bottom anchoring state, and specifically comprises the following steps of:
continuously adding ballast water into the main body structure of the culture platform, and submerging the culture platform;
stopping filling ballast water until the culture platform receives neutral buoyancy, and continuing to submerge until the culture platform sits on the seabed;
after the cultivation platform sits at the bottom, ballast water is added again to increase the wet weight of the platform;
releasing a conical plug at the lower part of the upright post, and releasing a steel cable by an auxiliary diving winch; simultaneously, the main diving winch gradually tightens the mooring rope;
gradually tightening the mooring rope, and separating the conical plug from the upright post;
the mooring lines are tightened by the main winch to a preset pretension.
As a further improvement of the above technical scheme:
the anchoring method also comprises an upward floating method for switching from a bottom-sitting anchoring state to a semi-submersible working state, and the specific steps are as follows:
releasing the mooring rope by the main diving winch, gradually reducing ballast water in the main body structure of the cultivation platform, and continuously floating the cultivation platform until reaching the operation draft;
the auxiliary diving winch slowly tightens the steel cable, pulls the taper plug to move towards the direction of the upright post, and the cable guiding hole relatively moves along the length direction of the mooring cable;
along with the continuous tightening of the auxiliary diving winch, the taper plug is inserted onto the side wall surface of the upright post, and the taper plug is locked relative to the upright post;
the main winch continues to tighten the mooring line until a preset tension is reached.
And the side wall surface of the upright post is provided with an inserting hole for inserting the taper plug, and the upper part of the inserting hole is extended with a guide groove.
A locking piece is also assembled on the circumference of the inner wall surface of the insertion hole, and an annular groove matched with the locking piece in an insertion manner is formed in the outer wall surface of the conical plug; the locking piece stretches out or retracts relative to the inner wall surface of the insertion hole under the drive of the power mechanism, the stretched locking piece is inserted into the annular groove to lock the taper plug, and the retracted locking piece unlocks the locking of the taper plug.
The axial through taper plug is provided with a through hole for the steel cable to pass through, the inner bottom surface of the insertion hole is provided with a channel, and the steel cable is pulled by the auxiliary diving winch after passing through the channel.
The conical plug is of a truncated cone-shaped steel structure, the inside of the conical plug is hollow, and a member formed by the conical plug and the cable guiding hole keeps buoyancy neutral in sea water.
The mooring rope guiding hole comprises a base fixedly arranged on the end face of the large end of the conical plug, a guide wheel is rotatably arranged on the side face of the base, and a hole for a mooring rope to pass through is formed between the circumferential outer wall surface of the guide wheel and the base.
The cultivation platform is of a regular octagonal structure formed by eight upright posts, two groups of mooring devices are respectively distributed on four upright posts in an interval mode, mooring cables of the mooring devices on the same upright post represent a 90-degree opening angle, and the mooring cables of the eight groups of mooring devices are of an overall cross-shaped distributed structure in four directions.
The mooring rope comprises a fiber rope, the upper section of the fiber rope is pulled by the main diving winch, the lower end of the fiber rope penetrates through the rope guiding hole and then is connected with a double-anchor-chain assembly, the end part of the double-anchor-chain assembly is connected with a three-anchor-chain assembly, and the end part of the three-anchor-chain assembly is fixedly arranged on the top surface of an anchoring foundation through an adapter ring.
The fiber cable end part is inserted and woven with a shackle, the shackle is connected between the fiber cable and the double-anchor chain assembly, and the double-anchor chain assembly and the three-anchor chain assembly are connected through another group of shackles; the three eye plates are arranged at the two end parts of the double anchor chain component, the four eye plates are arranged at the two end parts of the three anchor chain component, the two anchor chain component end parts are assembled with corresponding shackles through the three eye plates, and the two end parts of the three anchor chain component are assembled with corresponding shackles or adapter rings through the four eye plates.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention has compact and reasonable structure, adjusts the length of the mooring rope through the work of the auxiliary diving winch after the main structure of the cultivation platform is changed from the semi-diving state to the bottom-sitting state, combines the main diving winch to tighten the mooring rope, thereby changing the acting point and direction of the mooring point, increasing the vertical downward constraint force component of the mooring rope, improving the bottom-sitting positive pressure, and improving the mooring positioning function, so as to adapt to the anti-slip and anti-capsizing of the bottom-sitting state, provide a brand new mooring positioning method for the normalized survival and on-site operation of the fishery cultivation platform, and is particularly suitable for the use of the open sea fishery cultivation platform, thereby greatly improving the survival capability of the cultivation platform under severe sea conditions;
the invention also has the following advantages:
the mooring rope has larger elasticity and smaller rigidity by compositely using the fiber mooring rope and the steel anchor chain, so that extreme load is reduced, and excessive peak load of a mooring system is effectively avoided;
the survival ability of slip resistance and overturning resistance in the semi-submerged state of the cultivation operation and the bottom-sitting and table-avoiding state can be effectively adapted and improved by adjusting the acting point and acting direction of the mooring force and the length and pretension of the mooring cable;
through the setting of cable guiding hole to set up it in the stand lower part, be in deep position department under water promptly, under the operation sea condition, not only be favorable to the breed of fish through semi-submerged state, also be favorable to berthing of boats and ships moreover, satisfy the safe suitability under the operation sea condition, the safe suitability under the operation sea condition is particularly useful for the location of fishery culture platform in shallow water coral reef geology sea area.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the present invention in a semi-submersible state.
Fig. 2 is a partial enlarged view at a in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the present invention in a bottom-anchored state.
Fig. 4 is a partial enlarged view at B in fig. 3.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the submerging method of the cultivation platform.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the floating method of the cultivation platform.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the invention in which the side wall of the column is fitted with a tapered plug.
FIG. 8 is a top view of the inventive farm.
Fig. 9 is a schematic view of the structure of the double anchor chain assembly of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view of the structure of the triple anchor assembly of the present invention.
Wherein: 1. a main diving winch; 2. a cultivation platform; 3. a conical plug; 4. a cable guide hole; 5. an auxiliary diving winch; 6. mooring lines; 7. anchoring the foundation;
21. a column; 211. a plug-in hole; 212. a guide groove;
31. a locking member; 32. an annular groove;
41. a base; 42. a guide wheel;
50. a wire rope;
61. a fiber cable; 62. a double anchor chain assembly; 63. a three anchor chain assembly; 620. three eye plates; 630. four eye plates.
Detailed Description
The following describes specific embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, in the bottom-sitting anti-platform anchoring method of the fishery cultivation platform of the embodiment, a main diving winch 1 is installed at the top of a vertical column 21 vertically arranged on the cultivation platform 2, a cable guiding hole 4 is arranged at the lower part of the vertical column 21, the bottom end of a mooring cable 6 is fixed on an anchoring foundation 7 at the sea bottom, and the top end of the mooring cable 6 passes through the cable guiding hole 4 upwards and is pulled by the main diving winch 1; the cable guiding hole 4 is fixed on the taper plug 3, and the taper plug 3 is laterally inserted into the lower part of the upright post 21; further comprising an auxiliary diving winch 5, the cone plug 3 being pulled by the auxiliary diving winch 5 via a steel cable 50;
the anchoring method comprises a submerging method for switching from a semi-submerging operation state to a sitting anchoring state, and specifically comprises the following steps of:
the first step: continuously adding ballast water into the main structure of the culture platform 2, and submerging the culture platform 2;
and a second step of: stopping filling ballast water until the culture platform 2 receives neutral buoyancy, and continuing to submerge the culture platform 2 until the culture platform is at the seabed surface;
and a third step of: after the cultivation platform 2 sits at the bottom, ballast water is added again to increase the wet weight of the platform;
fourth step: releasing the conical plug 3 at the lower part of the upright post 21, and releasing the steel cable 50 by the auxiliary diving winch 5; simultaneously, the main diving winch 1 gradually tightens the mooring rope 6;
fifth step: the mooring lines 6 are gradually tightened, and the conical plugs 3 are separated from the upright posts 21, as shown in fig. 3 and 4; at this time, the stress of the mooring rope 6 is not changed in direction through the mooring rope hole 4, but directly acts on the main diving winch 1, so that the tensile force of the mooring rope 6 has a larger vertical component force;
sixth step: the mooring lines 6 are tightened by the main winch 1 to a pre-set pretension, the horizontal component of which is used to limit the horizontal displacement of the farming platform 2 and the vertical component is used to increase the positive pressure of the farming platform 2 against the sea floor.
After the main structure of the cultivation platform 2 is changed into a sitting state from semi-submerged, the length of the mooring rope 6 is adjusted through the operation of the auxiliary diving winch 5, and the tightening of the main diving winch 1 on the mooring rope 6 is combined, so that the acting point and the direction of a mooring point are changed, the vertically downward constraint force component of the mooring rope 6 is increased, the sitting positive pressure is improved, the mooring positioning function is improved, and the anti-slip and anti-capsizing effects under the sitting state are adapted.
The anchoring method further comprises an upward floating method for switching from a bottom anchoring state to a semi-submersible working state, as shown in fig. 6, and the specific steps are as follows:
step one: releasing the mooring rope 6 by the main diving winch 1, gradually reducing ballast water in the main body structure of the cultivation platform 2, and continuously floating the cultivation platform 2 until reaching the operation draft;
step two: the auxiliary diving winch 5 slowly tightens the steel cable 50, pulls the conical plug 3 to move towards the upright post 21, and the cable guiding hole 4 moves relatively along the length direction of the mooring cable 6;
step three: as the auxiliary diving winch 5 continues to tighten, the taper plug 3 is inserted onto the side wall surface of the upright post 21, and the taper plug 3 is locked relative to the upright post 21; at the moment, the stress of the mooring rope 6 changes the direction through the mooring rope hole 4, so that the berthing operation ship can have enough safe water depth for operation;
step four: the tightening of the mooring lines 6 is continued by the main winch 1 until a preset tension is reached.
The main winch 1 is connected to the fibre cable in the mooring line 6, and the length of the mooring line 6 is controlled via the operation of the main winch 1, which releases the fibre cable 61 during semi-submerged operation and tightens the fibre cable 61 during bottoming.
As shown in fig. 7, a side wall surface of the upright post 21 is provided with an insertion hole 211 for inserting the taper plug 3, and a guide groove 212 extends from the upper part of the insertion hole 211; during the operation of the auxiliary winch 5 to draw the taper plug 3, the taper plug 3 is stably inserted into the insertion hole 211 via the guide of the guide groove 212.
The circumference of the inner wall surface of the insertion hole 211 is also provided with a locking piece 31, and the outer wall surface of the conical plug 3 is provided with an annular groove 32 which is matched with the locking piece 31 in an insertion manner; the locking piece 31 is extended or retracted relative to the inner wall surface of the insertion hole 211 under the drive of the power mechanism, the extended locking piece 31 is inserted into the annular groove 32 to lock the conical plug 3, and the retracted locking piece 31 unlocks the locking of the conical plug 3.
Through holes for the steel cables 50 to pass through are formed in the axial penetrating taper plug 3, channels are formed in the inner bottom surface of the insertion hole 211, and the steel cables 50 are pulled by the auxiliary diving winch 5 after passing through the channels.
The conical plug 3 is of a truncated cone-shaped steel structure, the inside of the conical plug 3 is hollow, and a member formed by the conical plug 3 and the cable guiding hole 4 keeps buoyancy neutral in seawater.
The mooring rope guiding hole 4 comprises a base 41 fixedly arranged on the end face of the large end of the conical plug 3, a guide wheel 42 is rotatably arranged on the side face of the base 41, and a hole for the mooring rope 6 to pass through is formed between the circumferential outer wall surface of the guide wheel 42 and the base 41.
The guide wheels 42 are steel pulleys that rotate with the threading movement of the mooring lines 6, and steer the mooring lines 6.
As shown in fig. 8, the cultivation platform 2 is a regular octagonal structure formed by eight upright posts 21, two groups of mooring devices are respectively arranged on four upright posts 21 which are arranged at intervals, the mooring cables 6 of the mooring devices on the same upright post 21 have an opening angle of 90 degrees, and the mooring cables 6 of the eight groups of mooring devices are in an overall cross-shaped distributed structure towards four directions, so that potential sliding and overturning pose movements of the fishery cultivation platform in all directions can be firmly limited, and the fishery platform can be well anchored and positioned by a mooring system no matter which direction has a storm flow.
In general, the overall diameter of the cultivation platform 2 reaches a hundred-meter level, the main structure of the cultivation platform is composed of steel upright posts 21 combined with transverse and diagonal braces, and netting made of high-strength polyethylene materials is supported on the main structure along the circumferential direction to form a cultivation water body.
When the whole platform is in the operation state, the whole platform is in a semi-submersible floating state, and when the whole platform is in the anti-platform state, the whole platform sits on the seabed.
The mooring rope 6 comprises a fiber cable 61, the upper section of which is pulled and wound by the main diving winch 1, the lower end of the fiber cable 61 passes through the cable guiding hole 4 and is connected with a double-anchor-chain assembly 62, the end part of the double-anchor-chain assembly 62 is connected with a three-anchor-chain assembly 63, and the end part of the three-anchor-chain assembly 63 is fixedly arranged on the top surface of the anchoring foundation 7 through a transfer ring.
By using the fiber cable 61 and the steel anchor chain in combination, the mooring cable 6 has larger elasticity and smaller rigidity, extreme load is reduced, and excessive peak load of the mooring system is effectively avoided.
The mooring rope 6 formed by the fiber rope 61 and the steel anchor chain has the advantages of both catenary mooring and tightening mooring systems, on one hand, the seabed segments have the advantages that the heavy anchor chain provides enough restoring force and the pulling-up force of an anchoring foundation is avoided, and on the other hand, the upper segments adopt the synthetic fiber rope 61 to ensure that the whole rope has much smaller rigidity than the pure anchor chain, thereby avoiding the defect that the anchoring foundation of the tightening mooring system needs to bear larger pulling-up force, and reducing the construction cost of the anchoring foundation.
In this embodiment, the fiber cable 61 is made of high-strength polyethylene, and is a synthetic fiber cable with a diameter of 0.165 m, and the rigidity of the fiber cable is smaller than that of the anchor chain; the length of the fiber cable 61 in the mooring line 6 is adjusted by the main winch 1 while maintaining a predetermined length in the working sea state and while the main winch 1 tightens the fiber cable 61 until reaching the seated state.
The end part of the fiber cable 61 is inserted and woven with a shackle, the shackle is connected between the fiber cable 61 and the double anchor chain assembly 62, and the double anchor chain assembly 62 and the three anchor chain assembly 63 are connected through another group of shackles; the double anchor chain assembly 62 is provided with three eye plates 620 at both end portions thereof, as shown in fig. 9, the triple anchor chain assembly 63 is provided with four eye plates 630 at both end portions thereof, as shown in fig. 10, the double anchor chain assembly 62 is provided with corresponding shackle via the three eye plates 620, and the triple anchor chain assembly 63 is provided with corresponding shackle or adapter ring via the four eye plates 630 at both end portions thereof.
In this embodiment, two parallel R3S grade anchor chains are mounted between two tri-eye plates 620 of the dual anchor chain assembly 62, 20 meters in length and 0.109 meters in diameter; three parallel R3 grade anchor chains are mounted between two four eye plates 630 of the triple anchor chain assembly 63, 55 meters in length and 0.198 meters in diameter.
Both the shackle and the adapter ring are made of steel; the anchoring foundation 7 is a short thick cylinder, the bottom of the anchoring foundation is provided with a spike, the anchoring foundation is prefabricated by adopting reinforced concrete, the anchoring foundation is a gravity anchor, and the top of the anchoring foundation is connected with the adapter ring.
According to the invention, through the arrangement of the cable guide holes 4 and the arrangement of the cable guide holes on the lower part of the upright post 21, namely, the cable guide holes are positioned at a deeper position under water, under the operation sea condition, the fish culture is facilitated through the semi-submerged state, the berthing of ships is facilitated, the safety applicability under the operation sea condition is met, and the cable guide holes are particularly suitable for positioning the fishery culture platform in the shallow coral reef geological sea area.
According to the invention, when the bottom is sat, the restriction and positioning of the mooring system on the horizontal movement of the cultivation equipment are ensured by adjusting the action point and the action direction of the mooring force and the length and the pretension of the mooring cable 6, and the vertical restraint force of the mooring system on the cultivation equipment is increased by changing the mooring force direction, namely, the positive pressure of the cultivation equipment on the seabed when the bottom is sat is increased, so that the anti-slip and anti-capsizing survivability of the bottom-sat state can be effectively adapted and improved.
For the bottom-seated cultivation platform 2, the situation that the cultivation platform possibly rotates, overturns and the like leave the ground due to the overturning moment generated by the horizontal wave force, the flowing force and the water pulling force together, and the phenomenon that the platform overturns or lifts off the ground is effectively guaranteed due to the moment generated by the wet weight of the cultivation platform 2 and the resisting moment generated by the vertical force acted by the mooring ropes 6.
For a bottomed farm platform 2, it may also be subjected to horizontal motion due to horizontal wave forces and flow forces, and the resistance to horizontal motion is the friction of the farm platform 2 with the sea floor, and the tension of the mooring lines 6. The magnitude of the friction force is proportional to the positive pressure between the cultivation platform 2 and the seabed, and the increase of the vertical component of the mooring rope 6 promotes the positive pressure to increase, so that the friction force is increased, and the resistance of horizontal movement is improved.
The mooring device can effectively ensure that the culture platform 2 does not leave the sea floor in the sitting state, namely, the culture platform cannot repeatedly collide with the sea floor, and can ensure that the horizontal displacement of the culture platform 2 is in the range of 0.5 meter.
The invention provides a brand new mooring positioning method for the normalized survival and on-site operation of the fishery cultivation platform, is particularly suitable for the use of the open sea fishery cultivation platform, and greatly improves the survivability of the cultivation platform under severe sea conditions.
The above description is intended to illustrate the invention and not to limit it, the scope of which is defined by the claims, and any modifications can be made within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A bottom-sitting anti-platform anchoring method of a fishery cultivation platform comprises the steps that a main diving winch (1) is mounted at the top of a vertical column (21) vertically arranged on the cultivation platform (2), a cable guiding hole (4) is formed in the lower portion of the vertical column (21), the bottom end of a mooring cable (6) is fixed to an anchoring foundation (7) on the sea bottom, and the top end of the mooring cable (6) passes through the cable guiding hole (4) upwards and is pulled by the main diving winch (1); the method is characterized in that: the cable guiding hole (4) is fixed on the taper plug (3), and the taper plug (3) is laterally inserted into the lower part of the upright post (21); the device also comprises an auxiliary diving winch (5), and the taper plug (3) is pulled by the auxiliary diving winch (5) through a steel cable (50);
the anchoring method comprises a submerging method for switching from a semi-submerging operation state to a bottom anchoring state, and specifically comprises the following steps of:
continuously adding ballast water into the main structure of the culture platform (2), and submerging the culture platform (2);
stopping filling ballast water until the culture platform (2) receives neutral buoyancy, and continuing to submerge the culture platform (2) until the culture platform is at the seabed surface;
after the cultivation platform (2) sits on the bottom, ballast water is added again to increase the wet weight of the platform;
releasing the conical plug (3) at the lower part of the upright post (21), and releasing the steel cable (50) by the auxiliary diving winch (5); simultaneously, the main diving winch (1) gradually tightens the mooring rope (6);
the mooring cable (6) is gradually tightened, and the conical plug (3) is separated from the upright post (21);
the mooring line (6) is tightened by the main diving winch (1) to a preset pretension.
2. A method of anchoring a bottom-mounted anti-platform of a fish farming platform according to claim 1, wherein: the anchoring method also comprises an upward floating method for switching from a bottom-sitting anchoring state to a semi-submersible working state, and the specific steps are as follows:
releasing the mooring rope (6) by the main diving winch (1), gradually reducing ballast water in the main body structure of the cultivation platform (2), and continuously floating the cultivation platform (2) until reaching the operation draft;
the auxiliary diving winch (5) slowly tightens the steel cable (50), pulls the taper plug (3) to move towards the upright post (21), and the cable guiding hole (4) moves relatively along the length direction of the mooring cable (6);
along with the continuous tightening of the auxiliary diving winch (5), the conical plug (3) is inserted onto the side wall surface of the upright post (21), and the conical plug (3) is locked relative to the upright post (21);
the main diving winch (1) continues to tighten the mooring rope (6) until the preset tension is reached.
3. A method of anchoring a bottom-mounted anti-platform of a fish farming platform according to claim 1, wherein: an insertion hole (211) for inserting the taper plug (3) is formed in the side wall surface of the upright post (21), and a guide groove (212) is formed in the upper portion of the insertion hole (211) in an extending mode.
4. A method of anchoring a bottom-mounted anti-platform of a fish farming platform according to claim 3, wherein: a locking piece (31) is also assembled on the circumference of the inner wall surface of the insertion hole (211), and an annular groove (32) matched with the locking piece (31) in an insertion way is formed in the outer wall surface of the conical plug (3); the locking piece (31) stretches out or retracts relative to the inner wall surface of the inserting hole (211) under the drive of the power mechanism, the stretching-out locking piece (31) is inserted into the annular groove (32) to lock the taper plug (3), and the retracting-out locking piece (31) unlocks the locking of the taper plug (3).
5. A method of anchoring a bottom-mounted anti-platform of a fish farming platform according to claim 3, wherein: the axial penetrating taper plug (3) is provided with a through hole for the steel cable (50) to penetrate, the inner bottom surface of the insertion hole (211) is provided with a channel, and the steel cable (50) is pulled by the auxiliary diving winch (5) after penetrating through the channel.
6. A method of anchoring a bottom-mounted anti-platform of a fish farming platform according to claim 1, wherein: the conical plug (3) is of a truncated cone-shaped steel structure, the inside of the conical plug (3) is hollow, and a member formed by the conical plug (3) and the cable guiding hole (4) keeps buoyancy neutral in seawater.
7. A method of anchoring a bottom-mounted anti-platform of a fish farming platform according to claim 1, wherein: the mooring rope guiding hole (4) comprises a base (41) fixedly arranged on the end face of the large end of the conical plug (3), a guide wheel (42) is rotatably arranged on the side face of the base (41), and a hole for a mooring rope (6) to pass through is formed between the circumferential outer wall surface of the guide wheel (42) and the base (41).
8. A method of anchoring a bottom-mounted anti-platform of a fish farming platform according to claim 1, wherein: the cultivation platform (2) is of a regular octagonal structure formed by eight upright posts (21), two groups of mooring devices are respectively distributed on four upright posts (21) which are distributed at intervals, mooring cables (6) of the mooring devices on the same upright post (21) form a 90-degree opening angle, and the mooring cables (6) of the eight groups of mooring devices form an integral cross-shaped distributed structure towards four directions.
9. A method of anchoring a bottom-mounted anti-platform of a fish farming platform according to claim 1, wherein: the mooring rope (6) comprises a fiber cable (61) with an upper section pulled by the main diving winch (1), a double-anchor chain assembly (62) is connected after the lower end of the fiber cable (61) passes through the cable guiding hole (4), a three-anchor chain assembly (63) is connected with the end part of the double-anchor chain assembly (62), and the end part of the three-anchor chain assembly (63) is fixedly arranged on the top surface of the anchoring foundation (7) through a transfer ring.
10. A method of anchoring a bottom-mounted anti-platform of a fish farming platform according to claim 1, wherein: the end part of the fiber cable (61) is provided with a shackle in a plugging manner, the shackle is connected between the fiber cable (61) and the double anchor chain assembly (62), and the double anchor chain assembly (62) and the three anchor chain assemblies (63) are connected through the other group of shackles; three eye plates (620) are installed at the two end parts of the double anchor chain assembly (62), four eye plates (630) are installed at the two end parts of the three anchor chain assembly (63), the two end parts of the double anchor chain assembly (62) are assembled with corresponding shackles through the three eye plates (620), and the two end parts of the three anchor chain assembly (63) are assembled with corresponding shackles or transfer rings through the four eye plates (630).
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201816722U (en) * | 2010-09-27 | 2011-05-04 | 上海利策科技有限公司 | Releasable connecting structure of floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) anchoring floater and hull |
| KR101474381B1 (en) * | 2014-05-22 | 2014-12-18 | 주식회사 유넥스 | Floating system of a structure on the water |
| KR20160004519U (en) * | 2015-06-19 | 2016-12-29 | 현대중공업 주식회사 | marine structure |
| KR20170000121U (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2017-01-10 | 현대중공업 주식회사 | marine structure |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6666624B2 (en) * | 2001-08-07 | 2003-12-23 | Union Oil Company Of California | Floating, modular deepwater platform and method of deployment |
| US20050109256A1 (en) * | 2003-11-25 | 2005-05-26 | Zaman Mohammad S. | Semisubmersible vessels & mooring systems |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201816722U (en) * | 2010-09-27 | 2011-05-04 | 上海利策科技有限公司 | Releasable connecting structure of floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) anchoring floater and hull |
| KR101474381B1 (en) * | 2014-05-22 | 2014-12-18 | 주식회사 유넥스 | Floating system of a structure on the water |
| KR20160004519U (en) * | 2015-06-19 | 2016-12-29 | 현대중공업 주식회사 | marine structure |
| KR20170000121U (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2017-01-10 | 현대중공업 주식회사 | marine structure |
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