CN116368021A - 切换具有电致变色功能元件的复合玻璃板的方法 - Google Patents
切换具有电致变色功能元件的复合玻璃板的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116368021A CN116368021A CN202280005526.1A CN202280005526A CN116368021A CN 116368021 A CN116368021 A CN 116368021A CN 202280005526 A CN202280005526 A CN 202280005526A CN 116368021 A CN116368021 A CN 116368021A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- planar electrode
- functional element
- voltage
- thermoplastic
- electrochromic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 181
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000004983 Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 98
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 95
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 95
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009432 framing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 22
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000037072 sun protection Effects 0.000 description 3
- GNFTZDOKVXKIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-methoxyethoxy)benzohydrazide Chemical compound COCCOC1=CC=CC(C(=O)NN)=C1 GNFTZDOKVXKIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005354 aluminosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000000744 eyelid Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000608 laser ablation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000001747 pupil Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001429 visible spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002799 BoPET Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010049976 Impatience Diseases 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004904 UV filter Substances 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006120 scratch resistant coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006352 transparent thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10082—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
- B32B17/1011—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet having predetermined tint or excitation purity
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
- B32B17/10183—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer being not continuous, e.g. in edge regions
- B32B17/10192—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer being not continuous, e.g. in edge regions patterned in the form of columns or grids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
- B32B17/10201—Dielectric coatings
- B32B17/10211—Doped dielectric layer, electrically conductive, e.g. SnO2:F
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10247—Laminated safety glass or glazing containing decorations or patterns for aesthetic reasons
- B32B17/10256—Laminated safety glass or glazing containing decorations or patterns for aesthetic reasons created by printing techniques
- B32B17/10266—Laminated safety glass or glazing containing decorations or patterns for aesthetic reasons created by printing techniques on glass pane
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10293—Edge features, e.g. inserts or holes
- B32B17/10302—Edge sealing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10339—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted
- B32B17/10348—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted comprising an obscuration band
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10467—Variable transmission
- B32B17/10495—Variable transmission optoelectronic, i.e. optical valve
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10467—Variable transmission
- B32B17/10495—Variable transmission optoelectronic, i.e. optical valve
- B32B17/10504—Liquid crystal layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10467—Variable transmission
- B32B17/10495—Variable transmission optoelectronic, i.e. optical valve
- B32B17/10513—Electrochromic layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
- B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
- E06B3/67—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light
- E06B3/6715—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased thermal insulation or for controlled passage of light
- E06B3/6722—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased thermal insulation or for controlled passage of light with adjustable passage of light
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/13306—Circuit arrangements or driving methods for the control of single liquid crystal cells
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/163—Operation of electrochromic cells, e.g. electrodeposition cells; Circuit arrangements therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/05—5 or more layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/44—Number of layers variable across the laminate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/10—Coating on the layer surface on synthetic resin layer or on natural or synthetic rubber layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/20—Inorganic coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
- B32B2307/202—Conductive
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/402—Coloured
- B32B2307/4023—Coloured on the layer surface, e.g. ink
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/412—Transparent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/414—Translucent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
- B60J3/00—Antiglare equipment associated with windows or windscreens; Sun visors for vehicles
- B60J3/04—Antiglare equipment associated with windows or windscreens; Sun visors for vehicles adjustable in transparency
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
- E06B2009/2464—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds featuring transparency control by applying voltage, e.g. LCD, electrochromic panels
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/153—Constructional details
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
- G02F2201/44—Arrangements combining different electro-active layers, e.g. electrochromic, liquid crystal or electroluminescent layers
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
Abstract
将至少包括通过中间层(3)相互接合的第一玻璃板(1)和第二玻璃板(2)的复合玻璃板从第一较透明状态(Z1)切换到第二较暗状态(Z2)的方法,其中具有第一平面电极(12.1)、电致变色层(9.2)和第二平面电极(12.2)的电致变色功能元件(6)以及具有第三平面电极(12.3)、PDLC层(9.1)和第四平面电极(12.4)的PDLC功能元件(5)嵌入中间层(3)中。
Description
本发明涉及切换具有电致变色功能元件的复合玻璃板的方法和这种复合玻璃板。
在运载工具领域和建筑领域中,经常使用具有用于防晒或防窥的可电控功能元件的复合玻璃板。
例如,已知运载工具装配玻璃,其中遮阳板以具有可电控光学性能的功能元件的形式集成。特别地,在此可以电控制可见范围内的电磁辐射的透射或散射行为。功能元件通常是多层膜,它们被层压到复合玻璃板中或胶粘在其上。所述多层膜通常包括两个平面电极之间的活性层,其中该装置通常由载体膜稳定。通过平面电极向活性层施加电压,可以改变活性层的透射性能。在运载工具玻璃板的情况下,驾驶员可以控制玻璃板本身对于太阳辐射的透射行为。由此可以省去传统的机械遮阳板。由此可以减轻运载工具的重量并在顶部区域中获得空间。此外,具有可电切换功能元件的复合玻璃板比机械遮阳板明显更具吸引力。例如在EP 2010385 B1中描述了用于遮蔽作为顶玻璃板的运载工具装配玻璃的功能元件。
常见的可电控功能元件包含例如电致变色层结构或悬浮颗粒装置(SPD)膜。用于实现可电控防晒的其它可能的功能元件是所谓的PDLC功能元件(聚合物分散液晶)。它们的活性层包含嵌入到聚合物基质中的液晶。如果不施加电压,则液晶以无序方式排列,这导致穿过活性层的光发生强烈散射。如果将电压施加到平面电极上,则液晶沿共同方向排列并且增加光通过活性层的透射。为了确保防眩光,PDLC功能元件较少通过降低总透射,而是通过增加散射来发挥作用。因此,其它类型的功能元件更适合于确保降低透射。
电致变色功能元件有利地降低透过装配玻璃的透射,并且具有特别是在汽车应用领域中被认为看起来美观的蓝色着色。电致变色功能元件包含至少一个能够可逆地嵌入电荷的电化学活性层。嵌入状态和脱嵌状态下的氧化态在其颜色上有所不同,其中所述状态之一是透明的。嵌入反应可以通过从外部施加的电位差来控制。因此,电致变色装配玻璃的基本结构包含至少一种电致变色材料,例如氧化钨,其与平面电极和电荷源,例如离子传导电解质都接触。此外,电致变色层结构包含也能够可逆地嵌入阳离子并与离子传导电解质接触的对电极,以及与对电极连接的另一平面电极。所述平面电极与外部电压源连接,由此可以调节施加到活性层上的电压。离子的迁移和嵌入需要一定的时间,因此电致变色功能元件的切换过程相对缓慢。这导致用户方面的不耐烦并且任选导致启动切换过程的操作元件的多次操作。
CN 212873140 U描述了包括电致变色功能元件和PDLC功能元件的装配玻璃。
因此,本发明的基本目的是提供方法,该方法为具有电致变色功能元件的复合玻璃板提供改进的和视觉上吸引人的切换过程,并且提供这样的复合玻璃板。
本发明的目的通过根据独立权利要求1的方法实现。优选实施方案出现在从属权利要求中。
本发明涉及将复合玻璃板从第一透明状态切换到第二较暗状态的方法。复合玻璃板至少包括通过热塑性中间层相互接合的第一玻璃板和第二玻璃板,其中电致变色功能元件和PDLC功能元件嵌入中间层中。电致变色功能元件和PDLC功能元件具有可电切换的光学性能。功能元件各自包括具有可调节光学性能的活性层并且至少局部地彼此重叠。在此,局部重叠是指在复合玻璃板的至少一个子区域中,透过玻璃板的光首先穿过一个功能元件,然后穿过另一个功能元件。为此,活性层包含活性物质,其光学性能可以根据施加到功能元件上的电压而变。在电致变色功能元件中,活性层为电致变色层,而PDLC功能元件的活性层为PDLC层。电致变色功能元件包括第一平面电极和第二平面电极,在它们之间布置电致变色层,而PDLC功能元件包括第三平面电极和第四平面电极,在它们之前存在PDLC层。因此,通过在第一和第二平面电极之间施加电压来控制电致变色层的光学性能,并且通过在第三和第四平面电极之间施加电压来控制PDLC层的光学性能。
根据本发明的方法至少包括以下步骤
a) 在第三平面电极和第四平面电极之间施加0V电压,
b) 在第一平面电极和第二平面电极之间施加工作电压U2,
c) 等待至少2秒,
d) 将第三平面电极和第四平面电极之间的电压以0.5V/s至3V/s的速度增加到PDLC功能元件的工作电压U1,
e) 周期性地测量第一平面电极和第二平面电极之间施加的空载电压,并将其与空载电压的目标值进行比较,
f) 只要达到空载电压的目标值,将第一平面电极和第二平面电极之间施加的电压U2降低到保持电压UH,否则周期性地重复步骤e)直至达到空载电压的目标值。
在此,达到空载电压的目标值表示,达到第二变暗状态。此时施加的保持电压UH使电致变色功能元件保持在这一时刻达到的状态。
在步骤a)中,在第三平面电极和第四平面电极之间施加0V电压。这意味着不再向PDLC层施加电压。换言之,PDLC功能元件切断。如果没有电压施加到PDLC层,则该层中包含的液晶的排列在电场中丢失并且液晶不再具有优选方向。结果,复合玻璃板的透明度降低,而复合玻璃板的混浊度增加。PDLC功能元件的混浊发生在PDLC功能元件无电压连接之后不久,例如用户可见的PDLC功能元件的切换过程在小于2秒内,优选小于1秒内开始。这样,用户可以看到复合玻璃板的切换过程启动。
在与步骤a)同时或之后发生的下一步骤(步骤b)中,在第一平面电极和第二平面电极之间施加工作电压U2。由此启动电致变色功能元件的切换过程。电致变色功能元件的切换过程需要一些时间,因此不会被立即感知。因此,该方法在步骤c)中暂停至少2秒。
在步骤c)的等待时间后,在后续的方法步骤(步骤d)中,第三平面电极和第四平面电极之间的电压以0.5V/s至3V/s的速度增加,直至达到PDLC功能元件的工作电压U1。因此,电压施加到PDLC功能元件,这导致液晶在电场中排列。在此,电压以所述速度从0V(步骤 a)的起始值)开始增加。这种缓慢连续的电压增加导致PDLC功能元件缓慢且连续的切换,这被感知为复合玻璃板的混浊度缓慢连续的降低。
作为步骤e),然后周期性地测量第一平面电极和第二平面电极之施加的空载电压,并将其与空载电压的目标值进行比较。如果达到空载电压的目标值,则这指示电致变色功能元件的切换过程已完全完成。在步骤d)之后和/或期间发生的步骤e)中,周期性地测量空载电压。由此可以迅速发现电致变色功能元件达到完全切换。应避免长时间超过空载电压的目标值,以确保电致变色功能元件尽可能长的使用寿命。如果还没有达到空载电压的目标值,则进一步在第一平面电极和第二平面电极之间施加该工作电压U2,以在下一个测量区间中再次检查空载电压。一旦电致变色功能元件的空载电压的测量表明它达到空载电压的目标值,则进行方法的步骤f)。在步骤f)中,达到电致变色功能元件的空载电压的目标值后,将第一平面电极和第二平面电极之间施加的电压U2降低到保持电压UH。
工作电压描述了必须施加到功能元件的平面电极上以将功能元件从一种光学状态转换成另一种光学状态的电压。在此分别考虑最终状态,即功能元件可以达到的最透明状态作为一种光学状态,并且根据功能元件的类型可以实现的最着色或最混浊状态作为另一种光学状态。在此,工作电压对应于施加在平面电极之间的最大电压。工作电压U1是必须施加到PDLC功能元件上以将其从无电压的混浊状态转换成透明状态的电压。通过将PDLC功能元件与电压源分离,从PDLC元件的透明状态转换成混浊状态。工作电压U2是指必须施加在第一平面电极和第二平面电极之间以将电致变色功能元件从透明状态转换成着色最终状态的电致变色功能元件的工作电压。为了将电致变色功能元件从着色最终状态返回到透明最终状态,必须在第一平面电极和第二平面电极之间施加工作电压U3,其中U2和U3大致具有相同绝对值并且优选是U2 =-U3。工作电压U1和U2的大小取决于功能元件的设计。常见的工作电压为30V至300V,优选50V至240V,特别优选50V至150V。
保持电压描述了在第一平面电极和第二平面电极之间施加以将电致变色功能元件保持在着色光学状态的电压。根据功能元件的类型,可以在不施加保持电压的情况下发生通常非常缓慢的变亮和相应向透明状态的转换。这通过施加保持电压来避免。然而,根据这种逆反应的速度,也可以省去保持电压,其中其为0V。
空载电压是电致变色功能元件的平面电极之间,即第一平面电极和第二平面电极之间可以测量的电压。在电致变色功能元件变暗的过程中,在电场中迁移的离子的氧化态发生变化,结果发生恰好这种变暗。在此,在第一平面电极和第二平面电极之间产生电位,其可以被测量为空载电压。为此,短暂地中断第一平面电极和第二平面电极之间施加的工作电压,测量空载电压,并然后再次施加工作电压以继续切换过程。测量空载电压的方法和相应的测量装置是本领域技术人员已知的并且是可商购的。例如,电压测量仪可以直接集成到用于控制复合玻璃板的切换过程的控制单元中。
该方法的步骤a)优选地由用户操作操作元件,例如开关来启动。这种操作元件可以设置在复合玻璃板本身内或外部,例如集成到机动车的其它操作元件中。操作元件与控制单元连接,该控制单元然后启动根据步骤a)至f)的复合玻璃板的切换过程。在另一个优选实施方案中,该方法的步骤a)自动启动,例如根据环境影响,例如太阳辐射的强度或太阳的位置。在这种情况下,监测这些环境影响的测量单元与控制单元连接,该控制单元根据测量值启动根据步骤a)至f)的切换过程。
步骤c)中的方法优选暂停至少5秒,特别优选5秒至20秒,特别是8秒至15秒,例如10秒。这对于复合玻璃板的视觉上吸引人的整体切换过程被证明是有利的。
在步骤d)中,第三平面电极和第四平面电极之间的电压优选以0.5V/s至2V/s的速度,特别优选以0.5V/s至1.5V/s的速度增加。该速度已被证明特别有利于使PDLC功能元件的切换过程的持续时间与电致变色功能元件的切换过程的持续时间适配,并因此实现对观察者特别有吸引力的复合玻璃板的切换过程的走向。
在步骤e)中优选以2秒至20秒,特别优选3秒至15秒,特别是3秒至10秒的时间间隔测量空载电压,其中该时间段对应于周期性测量的周期。
功能元件的平面电极和活性层通常基本上平行于复合玻璃板的第一玻璃板和第二玻璃板布置。
在一个优选实施方案中,步骤e)已经在步骤d)期间发生。这是有利的,以任选地能够根据在步骤e)中在第一平面电极和第二平面电极之间测得的空载电压来修改第三平面电极和第四平面电极之间的电压根据步骤d)进行的电压增加。由此可以根据电致变色功能元件的切换过程的速度(其可以通过空载电压的目标值和实际值之间的差异来确定)调整PDLC功能元件的切换过程的速度。
在根据本发明的方法中,同时切换PDLC功能元件和电致变色功能元件,以使得产生包括这些功能元件的复合玻璃板的视觉上吸引人的整体切换过程。在该方法的步骤f)之后,PDLC功能元件上施加其工作电压U1,即PDLC功能元件处于透明状态。根据步骤f),在电致变色功能元件上施加保持电压UH,其导致电致变色功能元件保持在通过在步骤b)中施加工作电压U2转换成的变暗状态。在该方法的一个优选实施方案中,第三平面电极和第四平面电极之间施加的电压在步骤f)之后降低到0V,PDLC功能元件因此失活并因此变得混浊。由此,复合玻璃板变成具有高混浊度的变暗状态。如果复合玻璃板的用户想要在复合玻璃板的较暗状态Z2下完全防止透过玻璃板透视,则该额外的混浊度是有利的。如果希望复合玻璃板在较暗状态Z2下混浊,则这优选在该方法期间已开始。一旦在步骤e)中所测量的空载电压已经达到空载电压的目标值的至少95%,优选通过将PDLC功能元件失活而使复合玻璃板这样变混浊。特别地,一旦在步骤e)中在第一平面电极和第二平面电极之间所测得的空载电压已达到空载电压的目标值的至少80%,优选至少90%,则第三平面电极和第四平面电极之间的电压以3V/s到15V/s的速度降低到0V。由此实现视觉上特别吸引人的切换过程。
在根据本发明的方法的一个优选实施方案中,在步骤f)之后进行从第二较暗状态(Z2)返回到第一较透明状态(Z1)的切换过程。如已经对步骤a)所述,该切换过程可以通过用户手动操作切换区来进行,或也可以根据环境因素进行自动控制。为了将复合玻璃板从第二较暗状态Z2返回到第一透明状态Z1,至少执行以下步骤:
g)在第三平面电极和第四平面电极之间施加PDLC功能元件的工作电压U1,
h)在第一平面电极和第二平面电极之间施加电致变色功能元件的工作电压U3 。
通过施加PDLC功能元件的工作电压U1,PDLC层的液晶在电场中排列,从而使PDLC功能元件转换成透明状态。如果在步骤g)之前工作电压U1已经施加在PDLC功能元件上,则步骤g)在于维持该电压。
在步骤 h)中,在第一平面电极和第二平面电极之间在电致变色功能元件上施加工作电压U3。工作电压U3是将电致变色功能元件从着色变暗状态转换成透明状态所需的电压。工作电压U3的绝对值通常对应于工作电压U2的绝对值,其中两个电压的符号相反。因此,必须反转电致变色功能元件的平面电极的极性,以将电致变色功能元件转换回透明状态。在步骤h)之后,电致变色功能元件和PDLC功能元件均处于透明状态,因此复合玻璃板达到其第一较透明状态(Z1)。
与复合玻璃板的第二较暗状态Z2相比,复合玻璃板的第一较透明状态Z1在光谱可见范围内具有增加的光透射率。在第一透明状态Z1下复合玻璃板优选地在光谱可见范围内具有至少20%的光透射率,而在第二较暗状态Z2下复合玻璃板在光谱可见范围内具有最多10%的光透射率。
本发明还涉及具有第一较透明状态和第二较暗状态的复合玻璃板。对复合玻璃板所述的特征也适用于根据本发明的方法,反之亦然。
所述复合玻璃板至少包括通过热塑性中间层相互接合的第一玻璃板和第二玻璃板,其中电致变色功能元件和PDLC功能元件嵌入中间层中。复合玻璃板因此具有至少两个基本上彼此全等安置的功能元件,它们分别具有活性层。因此,复合玻璃板的光学状态由这两个功能元件的光学状态决定。在复合玻璃板的第一较透明状态下,PDLC功能元件和电致变色功能元件处于透明状态。在复合玻璃板的第二较暗状态下,电致变色功能元件处于着色状态,而PDLC功能元件可以根据用户的选择而处于透明或混浊状态。电致变色功能元件的活性层是布置在第一平面电极和第二平面电极之间的电致变色层,其中通过向这些平面电极施加电压可以改变功能元件的光学状态。PDLC功能元件具有PDLC层作为活性层,其布置在第三平面电极和第四平面电极之间。功能元件具有可电控光学性能,其可以根据施加到相邻平面电极上的电压进行调节。
PDLC功能元件(聚合物分散液晶)具有活性层,其包含嵌入在聚合物基质中的液晶。如果不向平面电极施加电压,则液晶以无序方式排列,这导致透过活性层的光强烈散射。如果将电压施加到平面电极上,则液晶沿共同方向排列并且光透过活性层的透射增加。这种功能元件例如从DE 102008026339 A1中已知。因此,PDLC功能元件的活性物质是液晶,其以液晶微滴的形式分散在基质(在这种情况下是聚合物基质)中。聚合物基质和分散在其中的液晶微滴一起形成活性层。
在电致变色功能元件的情况下,功能元件的活性层是电化学活性层。可见光的透射取决于离子在活性层中的嵌入程度,其中离子例如由活性层和平面电极之间的离子存储层提供。透射可能受到施加到平面电极上的电压的影响,该电压导致离子迁移。合适的功能层包含例如至少氧化钨或氧化钒。电致变色功能元件例如从WO 2012007334 A1、US20120026573 A1、WO 2010147494 A1和EP 1862849 A1中已知。
根据本发明的复合玻璃板包含至少一个电致变色功能元件和PDLC功能元件,它们分别包含位于两个平面电极之间的活性层。活性层具有可控光学性能,其可以通过施加到平面电极上的电压来控制。平面电极和活性层通常基本上相互平行布置。平面电极可以与外部电压源以本身已知的方式电连接。电接触可以通过合适的连接电缆,例如膜导体实现,该连接电缆任选经由所谓的汇流条(母线),例如导电材料条或导电印刷物与平面电极连接。
平面电极优选分别施加到与平面电极相邻的载体膜上。在此,第一平面电极布置在第一载体膜上,第二平面电极布置在第二载体膜上,第三平面电极布置在第三载体膜上,第四平面电极布置在第四平面电极上。两个功能元件内的层序列在此使得平面电极施加到载体膜的面向各自活性层的表面上。功能元件因此可以在生产过程中以由载体膜、平面电极和活性层制成的多层膜的形式提供。在此,电致变色功能元件按下列顺序包括第一载体膜、第一平面电极、电致变色层、第二平面电极和第二载体膜。PDLC功能元件按下列顺序包括第三载体膜、第三平面电极、PDLC层、第四平面电极和第四载体膜。
载体膜优选包含至少一种在高压釜法中不完全熔化的聚合物,其熔点高于150℃,优选180℃。载体膜特别优选包含聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)。特别优选地,第一、第二、第三和第四载体膜由PET膜构成。载体膜优选是透明的,但也可以是着色的。载体膜的厚度优选为0.025mm至0.400mm,特别是0.050mm至0.200mm。平面电极优选布置在载体膜的表面上,即布置在载体膜的两面中的恰好一面上(即其正面或背面上)。在此,载体膜在多层膜的层堆叠体中以这样的方式排列,以使得平面电极布置成与活性层相邻。膜也可具有在所述范围内的不同厚度和组成。
载体膜优选被设计为整个功能元件区域中的单个连贯膜。由此可以获得高光学产品品质。与此相反,在由多个在切割边缘处邻接的多层膜制成的功能元件中,这些切割边缘即使在功能元件被层压在玻璃板中之后也保持可见。
每个平面电极优选与至少一个汇流条导电接触。平面电极与外部电压源以本身已知的方式电连接。电接触通过合适的连接电缆,例如膜导体实现,该连接电缆优选地经由汇流条与平面电极连接。
平面电极优选被设计为透明导电层。平面电极优选包含至少一种金属、金属合金或透明导电氧化物(透明导电氧化物,TCO)。平面电极可以包含例如银、金、铜、镍、铬、钨、氧化铟锡(ITO)、镓掺杂或铝掺杂的氧化锌和/或氟掺杂或锑掺杂的氧化锡。平面电极优选具有10nm至2μm,特别优选20nm至1μm,非常特别优选30nm至500nm的厚度。
除了各自的活性层和平面电极之外,多层膜形式的功能元件可以具有其它本身已知的层,例如屏障层、阻挡层、抗反射层、保护层和/或平滑层。
功能元件嵌入到复合玻璃板的热塑性中间层中。热塑性中间层优选包括至少一个第一热塑性接合膜、至少一个第二热塑性接合膜和至少一个第三热塑性接合膜。功能元件布置在这些复合膜之间的至少局部。电致变色功能元件和PDLC功能元件可以在其尺寸方面相同或不同,其中电致变色功能元件和PDLC功能元件至少局部地重叠。在此,PDLC功能元件在电致变色功能元件的平面中的投影与电致变色功能元件在至少一个子区域中全等,反之亦然。第一、第二和第三热塑性接合膜通常具有与第一和第二玻璃板相同的尺寸。
热塑性中间层优选地包括将功能元件之一与第一玻璃板接合的第一热塑性接合膜、将另一个功能元件与第二玻璃板接合的第二热塑性接合膜、以及将功能元件之一与另一个功能元件接合的第三热塑性接合膜。例如,第一热塑性接合膜将PDLC功能元件与第一玻璃板相互接合,第二热塑性接合膜将电致变色功能元件与第二玻璃板相互接合,第三热塑性接合膜将PDLC功能元件和电致变色功能元件相互接合。PDLC功能元件与第二玻璃板相邻并且电致变色功能元件与第一玻璃板相邻的布置也是可行的。通常,热塑性中间层由至少第一、第二和第三热塑性接合膜形成,它们以面形式彼此叠置并相互层压,其中功能元件***在这三个层之间。接合膜的与功能元件重叠的区域此时形成将功能元件与玻璃板接合的区域。在热塑性接合膜彼此直接接触的玻璃板的其它区域中,它们在层压过程中可能熔融,以使得两个原始层有时无法再识别,取而代之存在一个均匀的中间层。
第一热塑性接合膜和第二热塑性接合膜以及任选的其它热塑性接合膜优选至少包含聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)和/或聚氨酯(PU),特别优选PVB。
第一和第二热塑性接合膜的厚度优选各自为0.2mm至2mm,特别优选0.3mm至1mm,特别是0.3mm至0.8mm,例如0.38mm或0.76mm。第三热塑性接合膜的厚度优选为25μm至200μm,特别优选25μm至75μm,例如50μm。
特别优选地,第一热塑性接合膜和第二热塑性接合膜的厚度各自为0.38mm,而第三热塑性接合膜的厚度为50μm。这是有利的,以一方面实现功能元件和玻璃板的可靠彼此接合,另一方面实现热塑性中间层的尽可能小的厚度。
热塑性接合膜可以例如由单个热塑性膜形成。热塑性接合膜也可以由不同热塑性膜的区段形成,这些区段的侧边缘彼此邻接。除了第一热塑性接合膜或第二热塑性接合膜之外,还可以存在其它热塑性接合膜。如果需要,它们也可用于嵌入包括功能层的其它膜,例如红外反射层、UV过滤层或声学阻尼层。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,功能元件中的至少一个,优选两个功能元件,以环绕形式被热塑性框架膜包围。所述至少一个热塑性框架膜以框架形式沿着功能元件的环绕边缘包围功能元件并且具有与功能元件大致相同的厚度。因此,由限于局部的功能元件引入的复合玻璃板的局部厚度差通过这种框架膜补偿,从而可以避免层压时的玻璃破裂。热塑性框架膜可以由热塑性接合膜形成,其中已经通过切割引入凹部。热塑性框架膜的材料对应于对热塑性接合膜提到的材料。
任选地,功能元件的环绕边缘完全或部分地配备有边缘密封件。这可以例如以胶带的形式围绕功能元件的开放边缘放置,或通过放置在功能元件的边缘区域中两面上的阻挡膜来实现。边缘密封件防止增塑剂从热塑性接合膜扩散到功能元件的活性层中。
任选地,第一、第二和/或第三热塑性接合膜的至少一个区域是着色或染色的。因此,与未着色或染色的层相比,该区域在可见光谱范围内的透射率降低。因此,热塑性接合膜的着色/染色区域降低复合玻璃板的透射率。特别地,PDLC功能元件的美学印象得到改进,因为着色导致更中性的外观,这令观察者更舒适。着色或染色区域可以是均匀染色或着色的,即具有与位置无关的透射。然而,着色或染色也可以是不均匀的;特别是可以实现透射分布。
根据本发明的复合玻璃板的优选层序列按下列顺序至少包括以面形式彼此叠置的下列部件
-第一玻璃板,
-第一热塑性接合膜,
-以框架形式被第一热塑性框架膜包围的PDLC功能元件,
-第三热塑性接合膜,
-以框架形式被第二热塑性框架膜包围的电致变色功能元件,
-第二热塑性接合膜,
-第二玻璃板,
其中电致变色功能元件按下列顺序包括以面形式彼此叠置的下列部件
-第一载体膜,
-第一平面电极,
-电致变色层,
-第二平面电极,
-第二载体膜,
并且PDLC功能元件按下列顺序包括以面形式彼此叠置的下列部件
-第三载体膜,
-第三平面电极,
-PDLC层,
-第四平面电极,
-第四载体膜。
术语第一玻璃板和第二玻璃板描述任意两个不同的玻璃板。特别地,第一玻璃板可以称为外玻璃板并且第二玻璃板可以称为内玻璃板。如果复合玻璃板被设置为在运载工具或建筑物的窗户开口中将内部空间与外部环境隔开,则本发明上下文中的内玻璃板是指面向内部空间(运载工具内部空间)的玻璃板(第二玻璃板)。外玻璃板是指面向外部环境的玻璃板(第一玻璃板)。然而,本发明不限于此。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,功能元件中的至少一个,优选两个功能元件,被分隔线(也称为绝缘线)分成节段。分隔线特别地引入到平面电极中,以使得平面电极的节段彼此电绝缘。平面电极中的至少一个在此具有至少一条分隔线,该分隔线将平面电极分成至少两个节段,这两个节段的可电控光学性能可以彼此独立地切换。此外,各个节段彼此独立地与电压源连接,因此它们可以被单独控制。例如,功能元件的不同区域可以独立切换。分隔线和节段特别优选地在机动车顶玻璃板中在安装位置中水平地布置,其中机动车的相对车门之间的分隔线基本上平行于前方的顶边缘延伸。术语“水平”在这里被广义地解释并且是指在安装位置中在运载工具的侧边缘之间延伸的传播方向。分隔线不必是直的,而是也可以略微弯曲,优选与复合玻璃板的边缘的可能曲率适配。当然,竖直分隔线也是可以想到的。
分隔线例如具有5μm至500μm,特别是20μm至200μm的宽度。节段的宽度,即相邻分隔线之间的距离可以由本领域技术人员根据具体情况的需要适当地选择。
可以在功能元件的生产过程中通过激光烧蚀、机械切割或蚀刻引入分隔线。已经层压的多层膜也可以随后还使用激光烧蚀进行分段。
功能元件也可以具有凹部或孔,例如在所谓的传感器窗口或相机窗口的区域中。这些区域被设置为配备有传感器或相机,其功能会被光束路径中的可调节功能元件(例如雨水传感器)削弱。
功能元件优选地布置在复合玻璃板的整面上,减去具有例如2mm至20mm宽度的环绕边缘区域。因此,功能元件被封装在中间层内,并防止与周围大气接触和腐蚀。
功能元件的电控例如通过集成在运载工具仪表板中或直接集成在复合玻璃板中的开关、旋转或滑动调节器进行。在此,用于调节的切换区也可以集成到挡风玻璃板中和/或机动车的顶面中,例如电容式切换区。替代地或附加地,功能元件可以通过非接触方法,例如通过识别手势,或根据由相机和合适的评估电子设备确定的瞳孔或眼睑状态来控制。在此考虑根据眼睑或瞳孔状态进行控制,尤其是在功能元件作为挡风玻璃板的遮阳板的情况下。替代地或附加地,功能元件可以由检测玻璃板上的入射光的传感器来控制。
第一玻璃板和第二玻璃板优选由玻璃制成,特别优选由钠钙玻璃制成,如用于窗户玻璃板常见那样。然而,玻璃板也可以由其它类型的玻璃制成,例如石英玻璃、硼硅酸盐玻璃或铝硅酸盐玻璃,或由刚性清澈塑料,例如聚碳酸酯或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯制成。第一玻璃板和/或第二玻璃板可以是热或化学预加应力的。特别地,厚度小于或等于1mm的薄内玻璃板优选由化学预加应力的铝硅酸盐玻璃制成。玻璃板可以是清澈的,甚至可以是着色或染色的。但是,当用作挡风玻璃板时,必须确保中央视区中足够的透光率,根据 ECE-R43的主透视区域A中优选至少70%。
第一玻璃板、第二玻璃板和/或热塑性中间层可以具有其它合适的本身已知的涂层,例如抗反射涂层、抗粘涂层、抗刮涂层、光催化涂层或防晒涂层或低辐射涂料。
第一玻璃板和第二玻璃板的厚度可以宽泛变化并且因此适应各个情况下的要求。第一玻璃板和第二玻璃板的厚度优选为0.5mm至5mm,特别优选1mm至3mm。
复合玻璃板可以是例如运载工具的挡风玻璃板或顶玻璃板或其它运载工具装配玻璃,例如运载工具,优选轨道运载工具或公共汽车中的分隔玻璃板。或者,复合玻璃板可以是例如建筑物的外立面中的建筑装配玻璃,或建筑物内部的分隔玻璃板。
如果根据本发明的复合玻璃板是机动车玻璃板,则当透过玻璃板观察时,功能元件的一个或多个边缘优选被不透明覆盖印刷物遮盖。挡风玻璃板和顶玻璃板通常具有由不透明搪瓷制成的环绕外周覆盖印刷物,其特别用于保护用于安装复合玻璃板的胶粘剂免受UV辐射并在视觉上将其遮盖。这种外周覆盖印刷物优选也用于遮盖功能元件的边缘以及所需的电连接件。用作外玻璃板的第一玻璃板和用作内玻璃板的第二玻璃板优选具有覆盖印刷物,从而防止从两面透视。
在一个可能的实施方案中,根据本发明的复合玻璃板是机动车的挡风玻璃板。其包括在复合玻璃板在车身中的安装位置中与发动机罩相邻的发动机边缘和在安装位置中与运载工具顶部邻接的顶边缘。发动机边缘和顶边缘在此形成两个彼此相对的玻璃板边缘。两个彼此相对的侧边缘延伸在发动机边缘和顶边缘之间,所述侧边缘在挡风玻璃板的安装位置中与车身的所谓A柱邻接。
挡风玻璃板具有中央视野,对其光学品质有高要求。中央视野必须具有高透光率(通常大于70%)。所述中央视野特别是被本领域技术人员称为B视野、B视区或B区的视野。B视野及其技术要求在欧盟经济委员会(UN/ECE)第43号条例(ECE-R43,“批准安全装配玻璃材料及其在运载工具中安装的统一条件”)中规定。在那里,B视野在附录18中定义。
包括第一、第二、第三热塑性接合膜和可能的其它聚合物膜的热塑性中间层在挡风玻璃板的中央视野中未着色或染色,而是清澈且透明的。由此确保透过中央视野的透视不受限制,因此玻璃板可以用作挡风玻璃板。透明热塑性接合膜是指在可见光谱范围内具有至少70%,优选至少80%的透光率的层。透明中间层至少存在于根据ECE-R43的A视野中,优选地也在B视野中。
在一个优选实施方案中,复合玻璃板是机动车顶玻璃板,其中第一玻璃板是面向运载工具周围环境的外玻璃板,第二玻璃板是面向运载工具内部空间的内玻璃板。优选地,至少布置成与外玻璃板相邻的第一热塑性复合玻璃板具有UV过滤功能。由此,紫外辐射不能或仅以很小的程度穿透到功能元件,因此功能元件,特别是电致变色功能元件的使用寿命得到改进。
参考附图和实施例更详细地解释本发明。附图是示意图而不是按比例的。附图不以任何方式限制本发明。显示了:
图1a、1b作为机动车的顶玻璃板的根据本发明的复合玻璃板,
图2a根据图1b的局部X中的PDLC功能元件的放大图,
图2b根据图1b的局部X'中的电致变色功能元件的放大图,
图3在根据本发明的方法期间处于不同光学状态下的根据本发明的复合玻璃板的示意图。
图1a和1b示出了根据本发明的复合玻璃板100的实施方案,其形成为机动车的顶玻璃板。顶玻璃板包括作为外玻璃板的第一玻璃板1、作为内玻璃板的第二玻璃板2、和热塑性中间层3,其中嵌入有PDLC功能元件5和电致变色功能元件6,它们分别为多层膜的形式。图1a显示了复合玻璃板100作为机动车的顶玻璃板的俯视图。图1b显示了沿切割线AA'穿过根据图1a的复合玻璃板的截面。第一玻璃板1和第二玻璃板2彼此一致地弯曲。作为装配玻璃的外玻璃板的第一玻璃板1朝向运载工具周围环境,而作为复合玻璃板的内玻璃板的第二玻璃板2面向运载工具内部空间。第一玻璃板1由厚度为2.1mm的清澈钠钙玻璃组成。第二玻璃板2由厚度为2.1mm的钠钙玻璃组成并且是灰色着色的或清澈的,优选灰色着色的。玻璃板1、2通过其中***有功能元件5、6的热塑性中间层3接合。热塑性中间层3包括第一热塑性接合膜4.1、第二热塑性接合膜4.2、第三热塑性接合膜4.3、第一热塑性框架膜7.1和第二热塑性框架膜7.2。第一和第二热塑性接合膜4.1、4.2分别包括由PVB制成的厚度为0.38mm的热塑性膜。PDLC功能元件5也通过第一热塑性接合膜4.1与第一玻璃板1接合,而第二热塑性接合膜4.2将电致变色功能元件6与第二玻璃板2接合。第三热塑性接合膜4.3由厚度为50μm的PVB组成,并将PDLC功能元件5和电致变色功能元件6相互接合。PDLC功能元件5以框架形式被第一热塑性框架膜7.1包围,并且电致变色功能元件6以框架形式被第二热塑性框架膜7.2包围,其中两个框架膜7.1、7.2都具有0.38mm的厚度以及因此在其厚度方面对应于被设计为多层膜的功能元件5、6的厚度。功能元件5、6的光学性能可以通过施加电压来控制。为简单起见,未显示电馈线。在本实施例中,功能元件5、6具有相同的尺寸,但它们的尺寸也可以不同。沿着功能元件5、6的环绕边缘8设置边缘密封件16,其包围环绕边缘8(在图2a、2b中示出)。边缘密封件16可以例如以胶带的形式围绕边缘8胶粘。或者,在功能元件5、6的环绕边缘8的区域中,可以放置例如由PET组成的阻隔膜6 (未示出),其包围环绕边缘8并用作边缘密封件。PDLC功能元件5优选配备有由PET阻隔膜制成的边缘密封件。通过边缘密封件16避免了增塑剂从热塑性中间层3扩散到功能元件5、6中。功能元件5、6可以以节段14的形式可变地切换。功能元件5、6被水平分隔线15分成三个节段14,其中引入在PDLC功能元件5和电致变色功能元件6中的分隔线15彼此全等地延伸。使节段14彼此电绝缘的分隔线15例如具有40μm至120μm的宽度。使用激光将它们引入到预制的多层膜中。在彼此相邻的分隔线15之间,汇流条(未示出)安置在不透明覆盖印刷物10的区域中。各个节段14的汇流条分别具有单独的电连接件。因此,节段14可以彼此独立地切换。分隔线15被设计为越细,则其越不显眼。PDLC功能元件5和电致变色功能元件6也可以彼此独立地切换,从而可以执行根据本发明的方法的切换过程。
图2a显示了根据图1b的局部X中的具有PDLC功能元件5的热塑性中间层3的放大图。PDLC功能元件5被设计为PDLC多层膜。多层膜由作为平面电极12.3、12.4和载体膜13.3、13.4之间的活性层的PDLC层9.1组成。第三平面电极12.3在此安置在第三载体膜13.3上。第四载体膜13.4在一个表面上承载第四平面电极12.4。在与第三平面电极12.3和第四平面电极12.4直接相邻处,在这些平面电极之间存在PDLC层9.1并与其导电接触。载体膜13.3、13.4由PET组成并且具有例如50μm或110μm的厚度。载体膜13.3、13.4配备有至少一个面向相邻PDLC层9.1的由ITO制成的厚度约100nm的涂层,其形成平面电极12.3、12.4。平面电极12.3、12.4可以通过未示出的汇流条(例如由含银丝网印刷物形成)和未示出的连接电缆与电压源连接。
图2b显示了在根据图1b的局部X'中具有电致变色功能元件6的热塑性中间层3的放大图。电致变色功能元件6被设计为电致变色多层膜。该多层膜由作为平面电极12.1、12.2和载体膜13.1、13.2之间的活性层的电致变色层9.2组成。在第一载体膜13.1上,在此安置第一平面电极12.1。第二载体膜13.2在一个表面上承载第二平面电极12.2。在与第一平面电极12.1和第二平面电极12.2直接相邻处,在这些平面电极之间存在电致变色层9.2并且与它们导电接触。电致变色层包括与平面电极12.1、12.2之一相邻处的按下列顺序的电致变色材料层、电解质层和离子存储层,随后是剩余的平面电极12.1、12.2。载体膜13.1、13.2由PET组成并且具有例如125μm至180μm,例如150μm的厚度。载体膜13.1、13.2配备有至少一个由ITO制成的厚度为约100nm的面向相邻电致变色层9.2的涂层,其形成平面电极12.1、12.2。平面电极12.1、12.2可以通过未示出的汇流条(例如由含银丝网印刷物形成)和未示出的连接电缆与电压源连接。
图3显示了在根据本发明的方法期间处于不同光学状态下的根据本发明的复合玻璃板的示意图。复合玻璃板100的结构基本上对应于图1a、1b中所述的结构,其中与此区别在于没有将分隔线引入到平面电极中。在状态A下,显示了复合玻璃板100的第一透明状态,其中在PDLC功能元件5上施加工作电压U1并且PDLC功能元件5因此呈现低混浊度的透明状态。然后无电压连接PDLC功能元件5,其中第三平面电极12.3和第四平面电极12.4之间的电压为0V。由此,PDLC 功能元件5转换成混浊状态,并产生复合玻璃板的光学状态B)。然后在第一平面电极12.1和第二平面电极12.2之间在电致变色功能元件6上施加工作电压U2,该功能元件由于施加的工作电压而开始转换到着色状态。该反应首先在复合玻璃板100的视野边缘处可见,其中在5秒的等待时间后达到的状态被概括为状态C)。此后,在第三平面电极12.3和第四平面电极12.4之间在PDLC功能元件5上的电压以1.0V/s的速度增加到PDLC功能元件5的工作电压U1。与此同时,电致变色功能元件6的着色过程继续进行,如状态D)和E)所示。周期性地测量,例如以10秒的间隔测量第一平面电极和第二平面电极之间施加的空载电压,并且将其与空载电压的目标值进行比较。当所测得的空载电压已经达到目标值时,则电致变色功能元件6的着色过程结束,由此达到复合玻璃板100的被示为状态F)的第二较暗的状态Z2。在本情况中,当达到电致变色功能元件6的空载电压的目标值时,再次在PDLC功能元件5上施加工作电压U2,以使得该功能元件处于低混浊度的透明状态。
附图标记列表:
1 内玻璃板
2 外玻璃板
3 热塑性中间层
4 热塑性接合膜
4.1 第一热塑性接合膜
4.2 第二热塑性接合膜
4.3 第三热塑性复合玻璃板
5 PDLC功能元件
6 电致变色功能元件
7 热塑性框架膜
7.1 第一热塑性框架膜
7.2 第二热塑性框架膜
8 功能元件的环绕边缘
9 功能元件的活性层
9.1 PDLC层
9.2 电致变色层
10 不透明覆盖印刷物
12 功能元件的平面电极
12.1 第一平面电极
12.2 第二平面电极
12.3 第三平面电极
12.4 第四平面电极
13 载体膜
13.1 第一载体膜
13.2 第二载体膜
13.3 第三载体膜
13.4 第四载体膜
14 节段
15 分隔线
16 边缘密封件
100 复合玻璃板
Z1 第一较透明状态
Z2 第二较暗状态
AA' 切割线
X、X' 局部
I 第一玻璃板1的外侧
II 第一玻璃板1的内侧
III 第二玻璃板2的内侧
IV 第二玻璃板2的外侧。
Claims (14)
1.将至少包括通过热塑性中间层(3)相互接合的第一玻璃板(1)和第二玻璃板(2)的复合玻璃板(100)从第一透明状态(Z1)切换到第二较暗状态(Z2)的方法,其中具有第一平面电极(12.1)、电致变色层(9.2)和第二平面电极(12.2)的电致变色功能元件(6)以及具有第三平面电极(12.2)、PDLC层(9.1)和第四平面电极(12.4)的PDLC功能元件(5)至少局部重叠地嵌入中间层(3)中,所述方法至少包括以下步骤
a) 在第三平面电极(12.3)和第四平面电极(12.4)之间施加0V电压,
b) 在第一平面电极(12.1)和第二平面电极(12.2)之间施加工作电压U2,
c) 等待至少2秒,
d) 将第三平面电极(12.3)和第四平面电极(12.4)之间的电压以0.5V/s至3V/s的速度增加到PDLC功能元件(5)的工作电压U1,
e) 周期性地测量第一平面电极(12.1)和第二平面电极(12.2)之间施加的空载电压,并将其与空载电压的目标值进行比较,
f) 只要达到空载电压的目标值,将第一平面电极(12.1)和第二平面电极(12.2)之间施加的电压U2降低到保持电压UH,否则周期性地重复步骤e)直至达到空载电压的目标值,
其中达到空载电压的目标值表示,达到第二较暗状态(Z2)并且保持电压UH使电致变色功能元件(6)保持在所达到的状态,并且其中第一透明状态(Z1)下在光谱可见范围内的光透射率高于第二较暗状态(Z2)下。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中第三平面电极(12.3)和第四平面电极(12.4)之间的电压以0.5V/s至2V/s,优选0.5V/s至1.5V/s的速度增加。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中一旦步骤e)中测得的空载电压已经达到空载电压的目标值的至少80%,优选至少90%,将第三平面电极(12.3)和第四平面电极(12.4)之间存在的电压以3V/s至15V/s的速度降低到0V。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其中在步骤f)之后通过至少执行以下步骤进行从第二较暗状态(Z2)到第一较透明状态(Z1)的切换操作
g) 在第三平面电极(12.3)和第四平面电极(12.4)之间施加PDLC功能元件(5)的工作电压U1,
h) 在第一平面电极(12.1)和第二平面电极(12.2)之间施加电致变色功能元件(6)的工作电压U3,
其中电致变色功能元件(6)的工作电压U3与工作电压U2的符号相反。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法,其中所述第一透明状态(Z1)在光谱可见范围内具有至少20%的光透射率,而第二较暗状态(Z2)在光谱可见范围内具有最多10%的光透射率。
6.具有第一较透明状态(Z1)和第二较暗状态(Z2)的复合玻璃板(100),其至少包括通过热塑性中间层(3)相互接合的第一玻璃板(1)和第二玻璃板(2),其中具有第一平面电极(12.1)、电致变色层(9.2)和第二平面电极(12.2)的电致变色功能元件(6)和具有第三平面电极(12.3)、PDLC层(9.1)和第四平面电极(12.4)的PDLC功能元件(5)嵌入中间层(3)中,其中通过在第一平面电极(12.1)和第二平面电极(12.2)之间以及在第三平面电极(12.3)和第四平面电极(12.4)之间施加电压,可以将所述复合玻璃板从第一较透明状态(Z1)转换成第二较暗状态(Z2)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的复合玻璃板(100),其中电致变色功能元件(6)按下列顺序包括第一载体膜(13.1)、第一平面电极(12.1)、电致变色层(9.2)、第二平面电极(12.2)和第二载体膜(13.2),并且PDLC功能元件(5)按下列顺序包括第三载体膜(13.3)、第三平面电极(12.3)、PDLC层(9.1)、第四平面电极(12.4)、第四载体膜(13.4),所述平面电极(12.1、12.2、12.3、12.4)施加到各自相邻的载体膜(13.1、13.2、13.3、13.4)上,并且载体膜(13.1、13.2、13.3、13.4)优选包含至少一种在高压釜法中不完全熔化的聚合物,特别优选聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。
8.根据权利要求7所述的复合玻璃板(100),其中每个平面电极(12.1、12.2、12.3、12.4)与至少一个汇流条导电接触,并且平面电极(12.1、12.2、12.3、12.4)可以通过汇流条与外部电压源连接。
9.根据权利要求6至8中任一项所述的复合玻璃板(100),其中第一平面电极(12.1)、第二平面电极(12.2)、第三平面电极(12.3)和/或第四平面电极(12.4)包含至少一种金属、金属合金或透明导电氧化物,优选透明导电氧化物,并具有10nm至2μm的厚度。
10.根据权利要求6至9中任一项所述的复合玻璃板(100),其中所述热塑性中间层(3)包括至少一个第一热塑性接合膜(4.1)、至少一个第二热塑性接合膜(4.2)和至少一个第三热塑性接合膜(4.3),其中第一热塑性接合膜(4.1)将PDLC功能元件(5)与第一玻璃板(1)接合,第二热塑性接合膜(4.2)将电致变色功能元件(6)与第二玻璃板(2)接合,并且第三热塑性接合膜(4.3)将PDLC功能元件(5)与电致变色功能元件(6)接合。
11.根据权利要求6至10中任一项所述的复合玻璃板(100),其中在第一热塑性接合膜(4.1)和第三热塑性接合膜(4.3)之间布置第一热塑性框架膜(7.1),其包围PDLC功能元件(5)的环绕边缘(8),和/或在第三热塑性复合薄膜(4.3)和第二热塑性复合薄膜(4.2)之间布置第二热塑性框架膜(7.2),其包围电致变色功能元件(6)的环绕边缘(8)。
12.根据权利要求6至11中任一项所述的复合玻璃板(100),其中第一平面电极(12.1)、第二平面电极(12.2)、第三平面电极(12.3)和/或第四平面电极(12.4)通过一条或多条分隔线(15)分成可彼此独立切换的节段(14)。
13.根据权利要求6至12中任一项所述的复合玻璃板(100),其中所述复合玻璃板(100)是机动车顶玻璃板。
14.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法用于切换根据权利要求6至13中任一项所述的复合玻璃板(100)的用途。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP21205371.4 | 2021-10-28 | ||
EP21205371 | 2021-10-28 | ||
PCT/EP2022/078912 WO2023072673A1 (de) | 2021-10-28 | 2022-10-18 | Verfahren zum schalten einer verbundscheibe mit elektrochromem funktionselement |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN116368021A true CN116368021A (zh) | 2023-06-30 |
Family
ID=78414420
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202280005526.1A Pending CN116368021A (zh) | 2021-10-28 | 2022-10-18 | 切换具有电致变色功能元件的复合玻璃板的方法 |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN116368021A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2023072673A1 (zh) |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB0607743D0 (en) | 2006-04-20 | 2006-05-31 | Pilkington Plc | Laminated glazing |
FR2901891B1 (fr) | 2006-05-30 | 2008-09-26 | Schefenacker Vision Systems Fr | Cellule electrochrome, son utilisation dans la realisation d'une vitre ou d'un retroviseur et son procede de realisation. |
DE102008026339A1 (de) | 2008-05-31 | 2009-12-03 | Saint-Gobain Sekurit Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg | Elektrisch schaltbares Sichtschutzfenster |
PT104635A (pt) | 2009-06-16 | 2010-12-16 | Univ Nova De Lisboa | Dispositivo electrocrómico e método para a sua produção |
FR2962818B1 (fr) | 2010-07-13 | 2013-03-08 | Saint Gobain | Dispositif electrochimique a proprietes de transmission optique et/ou energetique electrocommandables. |
US8164818B2 (en) | 2010-11-08 | 2012-04-24 | Soladigm, Inc. | Electrochromic window fabrication methods |
CN212873140U (zh) | 2020-06-12 | 2021-04-02 | 深圳市光羿科技有限公司 | 一种多功能调光器件及其夹胶玻璃、中空玻璃及贴附膜 |
EP4242181A1 (en) * | 2020-11-05 | 2023-09-13 | Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. | Interlayer film structure for laminated panel, and laminated panel structure |
-
2022
- 2022-10-18 WO PCT/EP2022/078912 patent/WO2023072673A1/de unknown
- 2022-10-18 CN CN202280005526.1A patent/CN116368021A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2023072673A1 (de) | 2023-05-04 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
KR102241510B1 (ko) | 전기적으로 제어 가능한 광학 특성을 갖는 기능소자를 포함하는 복합 판유리 | |
KR102122311B1 (ko) | 전기적으로 제어 가능한 선바이저를 갖는 전면 유리 | |
CN111386194B (zh) | 包括具有可电控光学性能的可区段状切换的功能元件的复合玻璃板 | |
CN111542430B (zh) | 包括具有可电控光学性能和活性物质浓度梯度的功能元件的复合玻璃板 | |
CN111386193B (zh) | 包括具有可电控光学性能的可区段状切换的功能元件的复合玻璃板 | |
US11752735B2 (en) | Functional element having electrically controllable optical properties | |
JP7455230B2 (ja) | 電気的に制御可能な光学特性を有する機能素子 | |
CN110831765B (zh) | 具有可电控光学性质的功能元件 | |
KR20210109580A (ko) | 전기적으로 제어 가능한 광학 특성들을 갖는 적층 판유리 및 적층 판유리 조립체 | |
CN116157261A (zh) | 具有经分段的pdlc功能元件和电可控光学特性的玻璃 | |
CN113508031B (zh) | 具有复合玻璃板和功能元件的连接装置 | |
CN116368021A (zh) | 切换具有电致变色功能元件的复合玻璃板的方法 | |
US20210008843A1 (en) | Method for producing a composite pane with a functional element having electrically controllable optical properties | |
US20210008842A1 (en) | Composite pane with a functional element having electrically controllable optical properties with improved edge sealing | |
CN116194291A (zh) | 具有可电控光学性能的功能元件 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication |