CN116356565A - 一种无甲醛无卤防火阻燃液及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种无甲醛无卤防火阻燃液及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN116356565A
CN116356565A CN202310336087.9A CN202310336087A CN116356565A CN 116356565 A CN116356565 A CN 116356565A CN 202310336087 A CN202310336087 A CN 202310336087A CN 116356565 A CN116356565 A CN 116356565A
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万常峰
侯鹏
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Abstract

本发明属于阻燃材料及灭火器领域，具体涉及一种高泡沫性阻燃剂及其制备方法、制得的泡沫灭火器。该阻燃剂包括以下原料：阴离子表面活性剂、磷酸氢二铵、硼酸、水；还包括组分一、组分二和组分三中的一种；组分一包括：尿素、七钼酸铵；组分二包括：磷酸二氢铵、七钼酸铵；组分三包括：三(2‑羟乙基)异氰尿酸酯、尿素、磷酸。该泡沫灭火器由该阻燃剂加入至发泡装置中得到。本发明通过将有机成分、无机成分、水溶性抑烟剂和阴离子表面活性剂组合，得到了一种新型阻燃剂及制得的灭火器，相比于现有的灭火器，阻燃效果得到了提高，可以有效抑制燃烧时产生有害气体，还在一定程度上减缓了被喷射物热量的扩散。

Description

一种无甲醛无卤防火阻燃液及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明属于阻燃材料领域，具体涉及一种无甲醛无卤防火阻燃液及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
据相关调查显示，火灾造成死亡的原因有三种：1、烟雾中毒窒息死亡，这是火灾致死的首要原因。因为大火烟雾中含有大量一氧化碳，在一氧化碳浓度达1.33％的空气中，人吸上两三口气就会失去知觉，呼吸1～3分钟就会导致死亡。而常用的建筑材料燃烧时所产生的烟气中，一氧化碳的含量高达2.5％。2、火灾中的烟气里还含有大量的二氧化碳，二氧化碳在空气中约占0.06％，当其浓度达到2％时，人就会感到呼吸困难，达到6％～7％时，人就会窒息死亡。3、另外还有一些材料，如聚氯乙烯、尼龙、羊毛、丝绸等纤维类物品燃烧时能产生剧毒气体，对人的威胁更大。
因此，急需一种具有抑烟效果的阻燃液。目前市面上所存在和销售的阻燃剂液为较单一的无机阻燃液或有机阻燃液，阻燃效果一般，而且如果浸泡纤维制品会对其本身的性质产生影响(如柔韧性、吸潮性等)。
发明内容
本发明的目的是解决现有技术的不足，提供一种无甲醛无卤防火阻燃液，具体采用以下的技术方案：
一种无甲醛无卤防火阻燃液，包括以下重量份的原料：磷酸脒基脲6-10份、硼酸4-6份、水75-85份；还包括组分一、组分二和组分三中的其中一种；
所述组分一包括：磷酸氢二铵4-5份、三(2-羟乙基)异氰尿酸酯4-5份、尿素1-2份；所述组分二包括：磷酸二氢锌1-2份；所述组分三包括：尿素1-2份、纳米SiO2 1-2份。本配比可实现磷-氮-硼-硅协同阻燃，实现优异的阻燃效果。
本发明采用了将具有兼容性的有机与无机组分相结合的方式配制成了一种新型阻燃液，特别添加了磷酸脒基脲，磷酸脒基脲有较好的阻燃性能，高发泡性，低吸潮性，还具有一定的防霉性。该新型阻燃料相比于现有的单一的无机阻燃液或有机阻燃液，阻燃效果更好。此外，采用本发明的新型阻燃液浸泡纤维制品后，能够抑制纤维制品燃烧后产生大量烟气(带有毒性)，提高了其安全性，同时也不会对纤维制品本身的性质产生影响。适用于窗帘、地毯等不需经常换洗的物件，可以在一定程度上从根本上杜绝火灾的发生。
优选地，在上述无甲醛无卤防火阻燃液中，所述组分一包括：磷酸氢二铵5份、三(2-羟乙基)异氰尿酸酯5份、尿素2份；所述原料中的水为75份。
优选地，在上述无甲醛无卤防火阻燃液中，所述组分二包括：磷酸二氢锌2份；所述原料中的水为85份。
优选地，在上述无甲醛无卤防火阻燃液中，所述组分三包括：尿素2份、纳米SiO2 1份；所述原料中的水为84份。
优选地，在上述无甲醛无卤防火阻燃液中，磷酸脒基脲为8份。硼酸为5份。
本发明还提供了一种上述无甲醛无卤防火阻燃液的制备方法，包括以下步骤：将磷酸脒基脲加入水中溶解，然后将所述组分一、所述组分二和所述组分三中的一种，以及硼酸，加入水中进行溶解，得到所述无甲醛无卤防火阻燃液。
优选地，在上述制备方法中，溶解过程在超声条件下进行。
上述无甲醛无卤防火阻燃液可应用在制备抑烟纤维产品中。过程为：将纤维产品浸泡于所述无甲醛无卤防火阻燃液中10min-15min，随后烘干即可(优选在50℃条件下烘干)。
本发明的有益效果为：本发明提出了一种新型阻燃液，相比于现有的单一的无机阻燃液或有机阻燃液，其阻燃效果更好。此外，采用本发明的新型阻燃液浸泡纤维制品后，能够抑制纤维制品燃烧后产生大量烟气(带有毒性)，提高了其安全性，同时也不会对纤维制品本身的性质产生影响。
附图说明
图1所示为实施例6制得的阻燃剂浸泡后的棉织品与未浸泡处理的棉织品的燃烧实验。
如下具体实施方式将结合上述附图进一步说明本发明。
具体实施方式
以下将结合实施例对本发明的构思及产生的技术效果进行清楚、完整的描述，以充分地理解本发明的目的、方案和效果。
实施例1：
一种无甲醛无卤防火阻燃液，包括以下重量份的原料：磷酸脒基脲8份、硼酸5份、水85份、磷酸二氢锌2份。
其制备过程如下：
(1)将水加入至烧杯中；
(2)将磷酸脒基脲加入水中，超声溶解；
(3)将硼酸和磷酸二氢锌加入至水中，搅拌溶解；
(4)将棉织品浸泡其中10min，随后取出，在50℃条件下烘干。
实施例2：
一种无甲醛无卤防火阻燃液，包括以下重量份的原料：磷酸脒基脲8份、硼酸5份、水75份、磷酸氢二铵5份、三(2-羟乙基)异氰尿酸酯(THEIC)5份、尿素2份。
其制备过程如下：
(1)将水加入至烧杯中；
(2)将磷酸脒基脲加入水中，超声溶解；
(3)将硼酸、磷酸氢二铵、三(2-羟乙基)异氰尿酸酯和尿素加入至水中，搅拌溶解；
(4)将棉织品浸泡其中10min，随后取出，在50℃条件下烘干。
实施例3：
一种无甲醛无卤防火阻燃液，包括以下重量份的原料：磷酸脒基脲8份、硼酸5份、水84份、尿素2份、可溶性纳米SiO2 1份。
其制备过程如下：
(1)将水加入至烧杯中；
(2)将磷酸脒基脲加入水中，超声溶解；
(3)将硼酸、可溶性纳米SiO2和尿素加入至水中，搅拌溶解；
(4)将棉织品浸泡其中10min，随后取出，在50℃条件下烘干。
实施例4：
一种无甲醛无卤防火阻燃液，包括以下重量份的原料：磷酸脒基脲6份、硼酸6份、水85份、磷酸二氢锌1份。
其制备过程如下：
(1)将水加入至烧杯中；
(2)将磷酸脒基脲加入水中，超声溶解；
(3)将硼酸和磷酸二氢锌加入至水中，搅拌溶解；
(4)将棉织品浸泡其中10min，随后取出，在50℃条件下烘干。
实施例5：
一种无甲醛无卤防火阻燃液，包括以下重量份的原料：磷酸脒基脲10份、硼酸4份、水75份、磷酸氢二铵4份、三(2-羟乙基)异氰尿酸酯(THEIC)4份、尿素1份。
其制备过程如下：
(1)将水加入至烧杯中；
(2)将磷酸脒基脲加入水中，超声溶解；
(3)将硼酸、磷酸氢二铵、三(2-羟乙基)异氰尿酸酯和尿素加入至水中，搅拌溶解；
(4)将棉织品浸泡其中10min，随后取出，在50℃条件下烘干。
实施例6：
一种无甲醛无卤防火阻燃液，包括以下重量份的原料：磷酸脒基脲9份、硼酸4份、水84份、尿素1份、可溶性纳米SiO2 2份。
其制备过程如下：
(1)将水加入至烧杯中；
(2)将磷酸脒基脲加入水中，超声溶解；
(3)将硼酸、可溶性纳米SiO2和尿素加入至水中，搅拌溶解；
(4)将棉织品浸泡其中10min，随后取出，在50℃条件下烘干。
采用实施例6制得的浸泡本发明无甲醛无卤防火阻燃液的棉织品与未经浸泡处理的棉织品(用水浸泡)进行燃烧实验，如图1所示。可以发现实验组的棉织品燃烧时，无明火时熄灭且只碳化，而对照样的棉织品则正常燃烧。
阻燃液：
色泽：无色透明液
密度：1.071g/cm3
PH值：6.7
使用条件：大于0度
同时，发明人还通过氧指数测定仪对实验组进行了检测，检测结果如下：续燃时间为0.5s，阴燃时间为0.6s，碳长为3mm，氧指数为28.5。
以上所述，只是本发明的较佳实施例而已，本发明并不局限于上述实施方式，只要其以相同的手段达到本发明的技术效果，都应属于本发明的保护范围。在本发明的保护范围内其技术方案和/或实施方式可以有各种不同的修改和变化。

Claims (10)

1.一种无甲醛无卤防火阻燃液，其特征在于，包括以下重量份的原料：磷酸脒基脲6-10份、硼酸4-6份、水75-85份；还包括组分一、组分二和组分三中的其中一种；
所述组分一包括：磷酸氢二铵4-5份、三(2-羟乙基)异氰尿酸酯4-5份、尿素1-2份；所述组分二包括：磷酸二氢锌1-2份；所述组分三包括：尿素1-2份、纳米SiO2 1-2份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的无甲醛无卤防火阻燃液，其特征在于，所述组分一包括：磷酸氢二铵5份、三(2-羟乙基)异氰尿酸酯5份、尿素2份；所述原料中的水为75份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的无甲醛无卤防火阻燃液，其特征在于，所述组分二包括：磷酸二氢锌2份；所述原料中的水为85份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的无甲醛无卤防火阻燃液，其特征在于，所述组分三包括：尿素2份、纳米SiO2 1份；所述原料中的水为84份。
5.根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的无甲醛无卤防火阻燃液，其特征在于，所述原料中，磷酸脒基脲为8份。
6.根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的无甲醛无卤防火阻燃液，其特征在于，所述原料中，硼酸为5份。
7.一种用于权利要求1至6任一项所述的无甲醛无卤防火阻燃液的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：将磷酸脒基脲加入水中溶解，然后将所述组分一、所述组分二和所述组分三中的一种，以及硼酸，加入水中进行溶解，得到所述无甲醛无卤防火阻燃液。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法，其特征在于，溶解过程在超声条件下进行。
9.权利要求1至6任一项所述的无甲醛无卤防火阻燃液在制备抑烟纤维产品中的应用。
10.根据权利要求9所述的应用，其特征在于，应用的过程为：将纤维产品浸泡于所述无甲醛无卤防火阻燃液中10min-15min，随后烘干即可。
CN202310336087.9A 2023-03-31 2023-03-31 一种无甲醛无卤防火阻燃液及其制备方法和应用 Pending CN116356565A (zh)

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