CN116352111B - Scanning method for multi-laser selective melting forming part - Google Patents
Scanning method for multi-laser selective melting forming part Download PDFInfo
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- CN116352111B CN116352111B CN202310637904.4A CN202310637904A CN116352111B CN 116352111 B CN116352111 B CN 116352111B CN 202310637904 A CN202310637904 A CN 202310637904A CN 116352111 B CN116352111 B CN 116352111B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000009191 jumping Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 2
- PCTMTFRHKVHKIS-BMFZQQSSSA-N (1s,3r,4e,6e,8e,10e,12e,14e,16e,18s,19r,20r,21s,25r,27r,30r,31r,33s,35r,37s,38r)-3-[(2r,3s,4s,5s,6r)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-19,25,27,30,31,33,35,37-octahydroxy-18,20,21-trimethyl-23-oxo-22,39-dioxabicyclo[33.3.1]nonatriaconta-4,6,8,10 Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](OS(O)(=O)=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2.O[C@H]1[C@@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C)[C@H](C)OC(=O)C[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)CC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)C[C@](O)(C[C@H](O)[C@H]2C(O)=O)O[C@H]2C1 PCTMTFRHKVHKIS-BMFZQQSSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
- B22F10/366—Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/80—Data acquisition or data processing
- B22F10/85—Data acquisition or data processing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a scanning method for multi-laser selective melting forming parts, which comprises the following steps: s1, dividing a scanning area of a vibrating mirror, equally dividing a formed breadth into o areas by using an o-set laser scanning system, determining boundary lines of the scanning areas, randomly generating X, Y two dividing lines in a public area, and generating four scanning areas S1, S2, S3 and S4; s2, dividing the formed breadth into 4 xo micro-area matrixes, wherein o is more than or equal to 2; s3, dividing micro areas of the scanning area; s4, grouping the data of each micro area; s5, determining scanning time consumption; s6, determining a scanning sequence; s7, completing sequential scanning. According to the invention, when multiple laser beams are simultaneously started, the mutual shielding of smoke dust generated during laser scanning is reasonably avoided through the optimization of the scanning sequence of each region, so that the printing quality is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser melting, in particular to a scanning method for multi-laser selective melting forming parts.
Background
The selective laser melting forming technology can obtain a forming part with metallurgical bonding, compact structure, high dimensional accuracy and good mechanical property, and has become the most competitive metal 3D printing technology in recent years. However, the method has the defects of limited molding size and low molding efficiency, which becomes a bottleneck problem for restricting the development of the technology, and if the problem is solved, the future development prospect of the technology is wider.
In recent two years, equipment manufacturers at home and abroad sequentially push out a multi-laser and multi-galvanometer scanning system, the scanning breadth is enlarged from the original 250mm multiplied by 250mm grade to 600mm multiplied by 600mm, the optical system is upgraded from corresponding single laser and Shan Zhenjing to four lasers and four galvanometers, and the printing efficiency is improved by more than 3 times.
Laser acts on the powder bed, powder is heated and melted, and by-products such as splash particles, low-melting-point element gasification smoke dust and the like are formed, and the by-products need to be efficiently carried away from a printing surface by circulating air flow, otherwise, the appearance of a molten pool and the discharge of air holes in the molten pool are seriously influenced, and the printing quality is further influenced. With the increase of the forming area, the increase of the laser scanning system, the stable and reliable airflow field is particularly important for forming high-quality parts.
When laser scanning, when multiple laser beams (namely the number of laser systems is more than or equal to 2) are printed simultaneously, two adjacent laser beams scan the splicing area simultaneously or when the scanning areas are close, the laser beams irradiate splash particles and metal vapor clouds generated on the powder bed to interfere with each other, so that the air holes and unmelted defects in the corresponding printing areas are increased, and the surface roughness of the part is increased.
Above the powder bed, if the number of laser beams exceeds 2 (such as 2×2, 2×3, 3×3, 4×4 laser systems) in the running direction of the circulating air flow, during printing, the smoke generated in the printing area upstream of the blowing air flow affects the wind speed, wind pressure and laser transmissivity in some areas downstream (within a certain width range perpendicular to the air flow direction), so that the air flow shielding effect is formed, and the printing quality in the downstream areas is seriously affected.
In the circulating airflow running direction, if the number of laser scanning areas exceeds 2, the printing area in the airflow running direction is larger, powder particles with smaller particle sizes in the upstream scanning area and part of smoke dust generated by printing can be accumulated in the scanning area in a certain downstream range, so that the thickness of the powder layer in the area to be scanned in the downstream area is influenced, and the printing quality is abnormal.
If a high-quality part needs to be printed, the multiple laser scanning systems cannot start printing at the same time, and in the same air flow running direction, the upstream scanning area needs to be started after the downstream area is scanned, so that the printing efficiency is seriously affected, and therefore, research on a new forming scanning method is needed to improve the printing efficiency on the basis of ensuring the printing quality.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a scanning method for multi-laser selective melting forming parts, which can reasonably avoid the mutual shielding of smoke dust generated during laser scanning by optimally setting the scanning sequence of each area based on the estimated scanning time when a plurality of laser beams are simultaneously started, and the laser beams can not interfere with each other, so that the quality of scanning printing is further ensured on the basis of improving the printing efficiency.
Specifically, the invention provides a scanning method for multi-laser selective melting forming parts, which comprises the following steps:
s1, equally dividing a formed breadth into o scanning areas according to n sets of laser scanning systems, determining boundary lines of the o scanning areas, randomly generating X, Y two dividing lines in each scanning area, dividing each scanning area into four scanning areas S1, S2, S3 and S4, wherein the scanning area S4 is positioned at the downstream of the scanning area S1, the scanning area S3 is positioned at the downstream of the scanning area S2, splicing areas between any two scanning areas in the four scanning areas form scanning areas S5-S8, and splicing areas between the four scanning areas form a scanning area S9;
s2, dividing the formed breadth into 4 xo micro-area matrixes, wherein o is more than or equal to 2;
s3, dividing micro areas of the scanning area: dividing a plurality of micro-regions of the four micro-region matrixes into four scanning areas S1, S2, S3 and S4, and dividing scanning data of the four scanning areas S1, S2, S3 and S4 into each micro-region, wherein the micro-region contained in the scanning area S1 is A 1 、A 2 、......、A n The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The scan area S4 includes a micro-area a 1 、a 2 、......、a m The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The scan area S2 contains a micro-region B 1 、B 2 、......、B q The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The scan area S3 contains a micro-region b 1 、b 2 、......、b p Wherein m, n, p, q, o are natural numbers, m=n=p=q=o;
s4, estimating the printing time length of the parts or the closed areas distributed in each micro area to obtain the printing time length of each micro area, and specifically comprising the following sub-steps:
s41, slicing and layering the part to be printed or the closed area to obtain a plurality of slice layers;
s42, carrying out scanning path planning and laser parameter assignment on each slice layer;
s43, when the printing duration of the parts or the closed areas distributed in each micro area is estimated, the specific steps are as follows:
assuming that there are x parts or enclosed areas within a micro-area, the total time taken for printing the micro-area is:
T=t 1 +t 1~2 +t 2 +t 2~3 +t 3 +···t x-1 + t (x-1)~x +t x
t x =S x /V x +t’·N
t x-1~x =S’ x-1~x /V jump
S’ x-1~x =[（x x -x x-1 ） 2 +（y x -y x-1 ） 2 ] 1/2
wherein t is x For each part or enclosed area within the micro-area, time consuming printing S x For the total length of all scan vector line segments in the region, V x For the scanning speed of the area, t' is the time spent in jumping between two adjacent vector line segments, and N is the number of jumping points; t is t x-1~x Time consuming jump from the end point of the (x-1) th part to the start point of the (x) th part, the end point having the coordinates x x-1 ，y x-1 The coordinates of the starting point are x x ，y x ，S’ x-1~x To jump distance, V jump Is the jump speed;
s5, calculating time consumption of all micro areas in each scanning area according to the step S4, wherein the time consumption is respectively as follows: micro-region a in scan region S4 1 ~a m The printing time is t' respectively 1 ， t´ 2 ， t´ 3 ， …，t´ m-1 ，t´ m The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Micro-region A in scan region S1 1 ~A n Time consumption is T 1 ， T´ 2 ， T´ 3 ， …，T´ n-1 ， T´ n The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Micro-region b in scan region S3 1 ~b p Time consumption is t' 1 ， t´´ 2 ， t´´ 3 ， …，t´´ p-1 ， t´´ p The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Micro-region B in scan region S2 1 ~B q Time-consuming T' -shaped 1 ， T´´ 2 ， T´´ 3 ， …，T´´ q-1 ， T´´ q The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Estimated time t=l/V Scanning +（e-1)×t jump ，L=l 1 +l 2 +l 3 +...+l e-1 +l e ，l e For a single scanning stroke of the laser in one scanning micro-zone each time, V Scanning The scanning speed set for the system, e is the number of jumping-points, t jump A jump time for the interval between every two adjacent scan vector line segments;
s6, scanning each scanning area in each micro-area matrix in sequence by using laser beams of an o-set laser scanning system, wherein micro-areas scanned by any two laser beams are not adjacent;
s7, after waiting for the completion of scanning of all the micro areas respectively, ending the whole scanning process.
Preferably, the specific scanning rule in step S6 is: the scanning sequence of the left scanning area is prioritized over that of the right scanning area; the scanning order of the scanning area is determined as: the scanning sequence of the downstream scanning area is higher than that of the upstream scanning area, and after the next layer of powder is paved, the powder layer thickness of the downstream area is consistent with a set value.
Preferably, according to the scanning rule of step S6, the scanning order of each micro-area is:
1) First simultaneously scanning the downstream area, i.e. a of the scanning area 1 、a 2 ，b 1 、b 2 A region;
2）a 1 、a 2 ，b 1 、b 2 after the area scan is completed, i.e., at the (t' -th) 1 +t´ 2 ）、（t´´ 1 + t´´ 2 ) A, starting scanning upstream areas at the same time 1 、B 1 A region;
3) Scan A 1 、B 1 Simultaneous with the zone, downstream zone scanning a 3 、a 4 、…a m ，b 3 、b 4 、…b p ;
4) Scan A n 、B q Simultaneous with the zone, downstream zone scanning a n+2 、a n+3 、…a m ，b q+2 、b q+3 、…b p 。
Preferably, the parts to be printed or the closed areas are sliced and layered, then the scanning path is filled, the outline position information of each part layering is read, the outline position and the set boundary of each scanning area are compared, and the scanning task is distributed to the corresponding scanning area.
Preferably, in step S1, the splicing area between any two of the four scanning areas forms scanning areas S5 to S8, the splicing area between the four scanning areas forms scanning area S9, and the parts distributed in different scanning areas are connected by using the splicing area to form a complete part.
Preferably, when the multiple laser beams scan simultaneously, the distance between the scanning positions is greater than a set threshold.
Preferably, the threshold is set at 80mm in the Y-axis direction.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) When the method is used for printing, two adjacent lasers are not simultaneously arranged in the splicing area, and when different lasers are simultaneously scanned, the formed splash particles and steam clouds do not interfere with each other, so that the quality of printed parts can be ensured.
(2) When all the laser beams are scanned simultaneously, the interval distance of the scanning positions is not less than a certain set value, and the mutual shielding effect of smoke dust generated by each laser beam is avoided.
(3) In the area divided in the running direction of the circulating air flow, the scanning sequence of the downstream scanning area is higher than that of the upstream scanning area, and after the next layer of powder is paved, the powder layer thickness of the downstream area still keeps consistent with a set value.
(4) The invention can start each laser scanning system at the same time on the premise of not influencing the printing quality through reasonably optimizing the scanning sequence of each micro-area, thereby improving the printing efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic workflow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of defining a multi-laser scanning area according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a part scan area allocation according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the micro-segmentation of a part scan area according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of micro-segment printing according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the placement of parts in the scanning area of the present invention;
FIG. 7a is a metallographic view of the part Q6 before the optimization of the present invention, and FIG. 7b is a metallographic view of the part Q6 after the optimization of the present invention;
FIG. 8a is a schematic view of the outer surface of the pre-optimized part Q6 of the present invention, and FIG. 8b is the outer surface of the post-optimized part Q6 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a scanning micro-area laser travel according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a scanning method for multi-laser selective melting forming parts, which comprises the following steps:
s1, dividing a scanning area of a vibrating mirror, equally dividing a forming breadth into o areas according to an o-set laser scanning system, determining boundary lines of the scanning areas, randomly generating X, Y two dividing lines in a public area, and generating four scanning areas S1, S2, S3 and S4, wherein the scanning area S4 is positioned at the downstream of the scanning area S1, the scanning area S2 is positioned at the right side of the scanning area S1, and the scanning area S3 is positioned at the downstream of the scanning area S2, wherein o is more than or equal to 2; the scanning areas S5-S8 are splicing areas between the double lasers, and the scanning area S9 is a splicing area between the four laser scanning areas. In the specific preparation process, the parts distributed in different scanning areas are connected by utilizing the splicing areas to form a complete part.
S2, dividing the formed breadth into 4 micro-area matrixes, wherein each micro-area matrix comprises o micro-areas. The first micro-area matrix is A 1 -A o The second micro-area matrix is B 1 -B o The 3 rd micro-area matrix is b 1 -b o The 4 th micro-area matrix is a 1 -a o 。
S3, dividing micro areas of the scanning area: dividing a plurality of micro-regions of a micro-region matrix into four scanning areas S1, S2, S3 and S4, and dividing scanning data of the four scanning areas S1, S2, S3 and S4 into each micro-region, wherein the micro-region contained in the scanning area S1 is A 1 、A 2 、......、A n The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The scan area S4 includes a micro-area a 1 、a 2 、......、a m The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The scan area S2 contains a micro-region B 1 、B 2 、......、B q The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The scan area S3 contains a micro-region b 1 、b 2 、......、b p Wherein m, n, p, q, o are natural numbers, m=n=p=q=o.
S4, determining a scanning sequence, estimating printing time length of a scanning area in each micro-area, reasonably optimizing and sequencing each micro-area according to the estimated result, and determining the scanning starting time of each micro-area.
The printing duration pre-estimation specifically comprises the following sub-steps:
s41, slicing and layering the part to be printed through data preprocessing software to obtain a plurality of slice layers;
s42, carrying out scanning path planning and laser parameter assignment on each slice layer through scanning path planning software;
s43, when estimating the scanning area distributed in each micro-area, the specific steps are as follows:
assuming that there are x parts or enclosed areas within a scanned micro-area, the total time taken for printing the micro-area is:
T=t 1 +t 1~2 +t 2 +t 2~3 +t 3 +···t x-1 + t (x-1)~x +t x
t x =S x /V x +t’·N
t x-1~x =S’ x-1~x /V jump
S’ x-1~x =[（x x -x x-1 ） 2 +（y x -y x-1 ） 2 ] 1/2
wherein t is x For each part or enclosed area within the micro-area, time consuming printing S x For the total length of all scan vector line segments in the region, V x For the scanning speed of the area, t' is the time spent in jumping between two adjacent vector line segments, and N is the number of jumping points; t is t x-1~x Time consuming jump from the end point of the (x-1) th part to the start point of the (x) th part, the end point having the coordinates x x-1 ，y x-1 The coordinates of the starting point are x x ，y x ，S’ x-1~x To jump distance, V jump Is the jump speed.
S5, calculating time consumption of all micro areas in each scanning area according to the step S4, wherein the time consumption is respectively as follows: micro-region a in scan region S4 1 ~a m The printing time is t' respectively 1 ， t´ 2 ， t´ 3 ， …，t´ m-1 ，t´ m The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Micro-region A in scan region S1 1 ~A n Time consumption is T 1 ， T´ 2 ， T´ 3 ， …，T´ n-1 ， T´ n The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Micro-region b in scan region S3 1 ~b p Time consumption is t' 1 ， t´´ 2 ， t´´ 3 ， …，t´´ p-1 ， t´´ p The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Micro-region B in scan region S2 1 ~B q Time-consuming T' -shaped 1 ， T´´ 2 ， T´´ 3 ， …，T´´ q-1 ， T´´ q The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Estimated time t=l/V Scanning +（e-1)×t jump ，L=l 1 +l 2 +l 3 +...+l e-1 +l e ，l e For a single scanning stroke of the laser in one scanning micro-zone each time, V Scanning The scanning speed set for the system, e is the number of jumping-points, t jump A jump time for the interval between every two adjacent scan vector line segments;
s6, each grouping in each micro-area is scanned sequentially by utilizing laser beams of n sets of laser scanning systems, the micro-areas scanned by any two laser beams are not adjacent, and the specific scanning rule is as follows: the scanning sequence of the left scanning area is prioritized over the scanning sequence of the right scanning area, and the scanning sequence of the scanning area in the micro-area is determined as follows: the scanning sequence of the downstream scanning area is higher than that of the upstream scanning area, and the powder layer thickness of the downstream area still keeps consistent with the set value after the next layer of powder is paved.
S7, after waiting for the completion of scanning of all the micro areas respectively, ending the whole scanning process.
Preferably, according to the scanning rule of step S6, the specific scanning sequence of each micro-area is:
1) First simultaneously scanning a of the downstream region 1 、a 2 ，b 1 、b 2 A region;
2）a 1 、a 2 ，b 1 、b 2 after the area scan is completed, i.e., at the (t' -th) 1 +t´ 2 ）、（t´´ 1 + t´´ 2 ) A, starting scanning upstream areas at the same time 1 、B 1 A region;
3) Scan A 1 、B 1 Simultaneous with the zone, downstream zone scanning a 3 、a 4 、…a m ，b 3 、b 4 、…b p ;
4) Scan A n 、B q Simultaneous with the zone, downstream zone scanning a n+2 、a n+3 、…a m ，b q+2 、b q+3 、…b p 。
In a specific process, scan A n-1 At the time of (a), the scan a corresponding to the downstream region 1 Scan A n At the time of (a), the scan a corresponding to the downstream region 2 Because of scan A 1 At the time of (a), the downstream scanning area is from a 3 Initially, the first two scanning micro-regions are avoided.
Preferably, the part to be printed is sliced and layered by the data processing software, then the scanning path is filled, the scanning control software reads the outline position information of each part layering, compares the outline position with the set boundaries of each scanning area, and distributes the scanning task to the corresponding galvanometer scanning area. According to the arrangement position distribution of the printing parts on the substrate, the arrangement of the printing parts is set by a printing engineer, each part of the printing parts is respectively positioned in one of the scanning areas (S1-S4), and when the part is printed, the part is printed by the corresponding laser beam.
The working principle of the invention is further described below with reference to examples:
the four sets of laser scanning systems equally divide the formed web ABCD into four laser scanning areas S1, S2, S3, S4, corresponding to square areas AEOH, BEOF, CGOF, DGOH, respectively, with line segments EOF and FOH being the dividing lines of the four scanning areas, as shown in fig. 2.
E. F, G, H the origin is located at the center of the line segment AB, BC, CD, DA, and during the machining of each layer of parts, the four points can be moved in a random synchronization (E and G synchronization, and F and H synchronization) within a certain set distance range with the origin as the center, and the areas abef and cdgh are the movable ranges of the boundaries EG and FH, respectively.
S5, S6, S7, S8 and S9 respectively correspond to regions abji, cdkj, eflk, ghil, ijkl, wherein the regions are defined as lap joint regions, S5-S8 are double-laser lap joint regions of two scanning regions in the four laser scanning regions, and S9 is four-laser lap joint regions of the four laser scanning regions. The stitching region is used to join portions of the part that are assigned to different scan regions to form a complete part.
Part scan area allocation
The three-dimensional parts are sliced and layered by the data processing software and are filled with scanning paths, the scanning control software reads the outline position information of each part layering, compares the outline position with the set boundaries of each scanning area, distributes the scanning tasks to the corresponding galvanometer scanning areas, and as shown in fig. 3, the areas contained by the outline of the parts P1, P3, P7, P9 and P10 can be covered by a certain Shan Zhenjing scanning area, and the current layers of the parts can only be scanned by 1 laser system at the same time; the outer contour containing areas of the parts P2, P4, P6 and P8 are covered by two single-galvanometer scanning areas, and the parts can be scanned by two laser systems simultaneously; part P5 spans four single-galvanometer scan regions and can be scanned simultaneously by four laser systems.
Scanning area micro-region division
As shown in FIG. 4, the scanning areas S1, S4 are equally divided into a plurality of areas along the air flow direction, which are sequentially marked as micro-areas A from the left edge to the center 1 、A 2 、A 3 、……、A n-1 、A n ，a 1 、a 2 、a 3 、……、a m-1 、a m Similarly, the scanning areas S2 and S3 are equally divided into a plurality of areas, which are sequentially marked as micro-areas B from the center to the right edge 1 、B 2 、B 3 、……、B q-1 、B q ，b 1 、b 2 、b 3 、……、b p-1 、b p ，m=n=p=q。
Scan order planning
And when the scanning areas in each micro-area are estimated, reasonably optimizing and sequencing, and determining the scanning starting time of each micro-area.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of parts in a micro-area, fig. 6 is a schematic view of part placement in a scanning area, parts Q1 and Q2 are located in an air flow upstream area, two parts respectively penetrate through an S1 area and an S2 area in a powder spreading direction, and parts Q3 to Q12 are located in an air flow downstream area, namely an S3 area and an S4 area. Fig. 9 is a scanning schematic. The four-laser simultaneous-on mode is adopted, and the following printing test is performed without scanning method optimization and by adopting the scanning method:
(1) The density of the part for the two scan-wise shaped regions, in particular the density of the part for the downstream (S3, S4) region of the gas flow.
(2) The density of the part in the two scanning mode forming areas, in particular the roughness of the outer surface of the part in the downstream (S3, S4) area of the air flow.
The density of each part of the front and rear printing areas is optimized by the scanning mode as shown in the following table:
it can be seen from the above table that the density of the parts in the downstream region of the gas flow is significantly improved after the optimization by the method. Fig. 7a and fig. 7b are metallographic pictures of the polished part in the downstream area Q6 of the gas flow before and after the optimization of the scanning method, and it is obvious that the part has more pores and unmelted defects (black areas) inside the part before the optimization by the ordinary printing method.
Fig. 8a and fig. 8b are respectively the outer surface states of the Q6 parts before and after the optimization of the scanning method, and as can be seen from the comparison chart, the surface roughness of the parts is larger before the optimization, and the quality of the outer surfaces of the parts is obviously improved after the printing is optimized by the method of the invention, which shows that the method can greatly improve the quality of the outer surfaces of the parts on the basis of ensuring the printing efficiency.
The above examples are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solution of the present invention should fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A scanning method for multi-laser selective melting forming parts is characterized in that: which comprises the following steps:
s1, equally dividing a formed breadth into o scanning areas according to an o-set laser scanning system, determining boundary lines of the o scanning areas, randomly generating X, Y two dividing lines in each scanning area, and dividing each scanning area into four scanning areas S1, S2, S3 and S4, wherein the scanning area S4 is positioned at the downstream of the scanning area S1, and the scanning area S3 is positioned at the downstream of the scanning area S2;
s2, dividing the formed breadth into 4 xo micro-area matrixes, wherein o is more than or equal to 2;
s3, dividing micro areas of the scanning area: dividing a plurality of micro-regions of the four micro-region matrixes into four scanning areas S1, S2, S3 and S4, and dividing scanning data of the four scanning areas S1, S2, S3 and S4 into each micro-region,the scan area S1 contains a micro-region A 1 、A 2 、......、A n The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The scan area S4 includes a micro-area a 1 、a 2 、......、a m The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The scan area S2 contains a micro-region B 1 、B 2 、......、B q The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The scan area S3 contains a micro-region b 1 、b 2 、......、b p Wherein m, n, p, q, o are natural numbers, m=n=p=q=o;
s4, estimating the printing time length of the parts or the closed areas distributed in each micro area to obtain the printing time length of each micro area, and specifically comprising the following sub-steps:
s41, slicing and layering the part to be printed or the closed area to obtain a plurality of slice layers;
s42, carrying out scanning path planning and laser parameter assignment on each slice layer;
s43, when the printing duration of the parts or the closed areas distributed in each micro area is estimated, the specific steps are as follows:
assuming that there are x parts or enclosed areas within a micro-area, the total time taken for printing the micro-area is:
T=t 1 +t 1~2 +t 2 +t 2~3 +t 3 +···t x-1 + t (x-1)~x +t x
t x =S x /V x +t’·N
t x-1~x =S’ x-1~x /V jump
S’ x-1~x =[（x x -x x-1 ） 2 +（y x -y x-1 ） 2 ] 1/2
wherein t is x For each part or enclosed area within the micro-area, time consuming printing S x For the total length of all scan vector line segments in the region, V x For the scanning speed of the area, t' is the time spent in jumping between two adjacent vector line segments, and N is the number of jumping points; t is t x-1~x Time consuming jump from the end point of the (x-1) th part to the start point of the (x) th part, the end point having the coordinates x x-1 ，y x-1 The coordinates of the starting point are x x ，y x ，S’ x-1~x To jump distance, V jump Is the jump speed;
s5, calculating time consumption of all micro areas in each scanning area according to the step S4, wherein the time consumption is respectively as follows: micro-region a in scan region S4 1 ~a m The printing time is t' respectively 1 ， t´ 2 ， t´ 3 ， …，t´ m-1 ，t´ m The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Micro-region A in scan region S1 1 ~A n Time consumption is T 1 ， T´ 2 ， T´ 3 ， …，T´ n-1 ， T´ n The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Micro-region b in scan region S3 1 ~b p Time consumption is t' 1 ， t´´ 2 ， t´´ 3 ， …，t´´ p-1 ， t´´ p The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Micro-region B in scan region S2 1 ~B q Time-consuming T' -shaped 1 ， T´´ 2 ， T´´ 3 ， …，T´´ q-1 ， T´´ q The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Estimated time t=l/V Scanning +（e-1) × t jump ，L=l 1 +l 2 +l 3 +...+l e-1 +l e ，l e For a single scanning stroke of the laser in one scanning micro-zone each time, V Scanning The scanning speed set for the system, e is the number of jumping-points, t jump A jump time for the interval between every two adjacent scan vector line segments;
s6, based on the estimated time length of each scanning area, scanning each scanning area in each micro-area matrix in sequence by using laser beams of an o-set laser scanning system, wherein micro-areas scanned by any two laser beams are not adjacent;
the specific scanning rule in step S6 is: the scanning sequence of the left scanning area is prioritized over that of the right scanning area; the scanning order of the scanning area is determined as: the scanning sequence of the downstream scanning area is higher than that of the upstream scanning area, and after the next layer of powder is paved, the thickness of the powder layer in the downstream area is consistent with a set value;
according to the scanning rule of step S6, the scanning sequence of each micro-area is:
1) First simultaneously scanning the downstream area, i.e. a of the scanning area 1 、a 2 ，b 1 、b 2 A region;
2）a 1 、a 2 ，b 1 、b 2 after the area scan is completed, i.e., at the (t' -th) 1 +t´ 2 ）、（t´´ 1 + t´´ 2 ) A, starting scanning upstream areas at the same time 1 、B 1 A region;
3) Scan A 1 、B 1 Simultaneous with the zone, downstream zone scanning a 3 、a 4 、…a m ，b 3 、b 4 、…b p ;
4) Scan A n 、B q Simultaneous with the zone, downstream zone scanning a n+2 、a n+3 、…a m ，b q+2 、b q+3 、…b p ；
S7, after waiting for the completion of scanning of all the micro areas respectively, ending the whole scanning process.
2. The scanning method for multiple laser shot melt formed parts of claim 1, wherein: and (3) filling a scanning path after the part to be printed or the closed area is sliced and layered by slicing software, reading the outer contour position information of each part layering, comparing the outer contour position with the set boundaries of each scanning area, and distributing the scanning task to the corresponding scanning area.
3. The scanning method for multiple laser shot melt formed parts of claim 1, wherein: in the step S1, splicing areas between any two scanning areas in the four scanning areas form scanning areas S5-S8, splicing areas between the four scanning areas form scanning areas S9, and parts distributed in different scanning areas are connected by using the splicing areas to form a complete part.
4. The scanning method for multiple laser shot melt formed parts of claim 1, wherein: when multiple laser beams are scanned simultaneously, the interval distance of the scanning positions is larger than a set threshold value.
5. The scanning method for multiple laser shot melt formed parts of claim 4, wherein: the threshold was set at 80mm in the Y-axis direction.
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