CN116337708A - Method and system for extracting porous material pore characteristics and fluid distribution - Google Patents
Method and system for extracting porous material pore characteristics and fluid distribution Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a system for extracting pore characteristics and fluid distribution of a porous material, which can accurately extract pore connectivity and interface area information and characterize the real pore condition and fluid distribution condition of the material. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, carrying out three-dimensional scanning imaging and image preprocessing on a sample; step 2, determining an entrance face, judging voxels on the entrance face one by one, and storing the voxels in an array B; determining an outlet face, judging voxels on the outlet face one by one, and storing the voxels in an array C; step 3, judging connectivity of pore voxels layer by layer from outside to inside for those inner layers which are not located on the inlet surface nor the outlet surface; step 4, judging connectivity coordinates of all pore voxels according to the arrays B and C, and storing all the communicated pore voxels into an array D; the semi-connected pore voxels are stored in an array E, and the closed pore voxels are stored in an array F; and 5, determining the pore characteristics and connectivity of the sample according to the array D, E, F.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of porous material characteristic acquisition, and particularly relates to a method and a system for extracting porous material pore characteristics and fluid distribution.
Background
At present, two types of communication pore treatments are mainly used for distributing liquid (such as water) in a porous material, one type is that a sample is converted to obtain a three-dimensional binary image formed by solid voxels and pore voxels, a pore structure is simplified to be composed of regular spherical pores and circular tubular pore throats, wherein the large pores are simplified to be spherical according to a certain volume conversion rule, and connectivity analysis is carried out in a six-communication mode by using a bwlabeln function of MATLAB, so that each pore space and a communication space block thereof are obtained. Another is to build a sphere particle stacking model, the model adopts Delaunay Triangulation function in MATLAB to act on the two-dimensional matrix, namely Delaunay tetrahedron subdivision of a sphere center point set is realized; the matrix is acted upon Delaunay Triangulation by a function to perform Delaunay triangulation of the set of center points. After Delaunay tetrahedron subdivision is performed on the spherical center point set to divide the stacking model into a set consisting of a plurality of tetrahedrons, connectivity of tetrahedrons in the set is judged one by one according to whether the pore tetrahedrons are in opposite faces. However, most porous media have very complex pore structures, basically irregular pore shapes and great space variability, and a method for checking opposite surfaces of the pores cannot accurately judge whether the pores are communicated, so that the pore structures are equivalently simplified by using a regular shape, the real structural shape of the pores is changed, the equivalent simplified pores have larger difference with the real structural shape, the real pore condition of a material cannot be accurately represented, and the real distribution condition of liquid in the pores of the material cannot be represented.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention is carried out to solve the problems, and aims to provide a method and a system for extracting pore characteristics and fluid distribution of a porous material, which can accurately extract pore connectivity and interface area information and characterize the real pore condition of the material and the real distribution condition of fluid (liquid and gas) in the pores of the material.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following scheme:
< method for extracting pore characteristics >
The invention provides a method for extracting pore characteristics of a porous material, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, performing three-dimensional scanning imaging and image preprocessing on a porous material sample to obtain a porous material sample containing n x ×n y ×n z A three-dimensional map of each voxel, and the voxel number is denoted by ip [ i ]][j][k]I, j, k represent the coordinates of the voxel in the x, y, z directions, ip [ i ] respectively][j][k]＝a 0 When the voxel is a solid voxel; ip [ i ]][j][k]＝a 1 When the voxel is a pore voxel; a, a 0 ≠a 1 ；
Step 2, determining the inlet surface of the sample, then judging voxels on the inlet surface one by one, and when ip [ i ]][j][k]＝a 1 When the voxel number is changed to ip B [i][j][k]＝a 3 Storing the data into an array B; determining the outlet surface of the sample, judging the voxels on the outlet surface one by one, and determining the voxels as ip [ i ]][j][k]＝a 1 When the voxel number is changed to ip C [i][j][k]＝a 4 Storing the data into an array C;
step 3, judging connectivity of the pore voxels layer by layer from outside to inside for those inner layers which are not located on the inlet face and the outlet face:
the adjacent outer layer which is judged and stored in the array B is taken as an inlet standard layer, the inner layer which is positioned at the inner side of the inlet standard layer and is adjacent to the inlet standard layer and is currently to be judged is recorded as a current layer, and the current layer ip [ i ]][j][k]＝a 1 Connectivity judgment is carried out on the pore voxels of the inlet standard layer one by one, once the current pore voxel and the pore voxels of the inlet standard layer have a communication relationship, the number of the current pore voxel is changed into ip B [i][j][k]＝a 3 Storing the current pore voxels into an array B, further judging whether the current pore voxels have the pore voxels communicated with each other in the same layer, and changing the numbers of all the communicated pore voxels into ip if the current pore voxels exist B [i][j][k]＝a 3 Save to array B, then determine the next undetermined connectivity (i.e., no accessProceeding through the aforementioned "connectivity judgment", and not being judged as "interconnected pore voxels in the same layer"), until all the pore voxels of the current layer are judged, changing the number of the pore voxels of the current layer which are not coded in the array B to ip B [i][j][k]＝a 2 Storing the current layer as an entry standard layer, and taking the next inner layer as the current layer, and judging according to the mode until all the inner layers are judged;
the adjacent outer layer which is judged and stored in the array C is used as an outlet standard layer, the inner layer which is positioned at the inner side of the outlet standard layer and is adjacent to the outlet standard layer and is currently to be judged is recorded as a current layer, and the current layer ip [ i ]][j][k]＝a 1 Connectivity judgment is carried out on the pore voxels of the outlet standard layer one by one, once the current pore voxel and the pore voxels of the outlet standard layer have a communication relationship, the serial number of the current pore voxel is changed into ip C [i][j][k]＝a 4 Storing the current pore voxels into an array C, further judging whether the current pore voxels have the pore voxels communicated with each other in the same layer, and changing the numbers of all the communicated pore voxels into ip if the current pore voxels exist C [i][j][k]＝a 4 Storing the current layer of the pore voxels in the array C, judging the next pore voxel which is not judged to have a communication relation until all the pore voxels of the current layer are judged, and changing the numbers of the pore voxels which are not coded in the array C into ip C [i][j][k]＝a 2 Storing the current layer as an outlet standard layer, and taking the next inner layer as the current layer, and judging according to the mode until all the inner layers are judged; a, a 0 、a 1 、a 2 、a 3 、a 4 The values are different;
step 4, according to the arrays B and C, connectivity coordinates (ip B [i][j][k]，ip C [i][j][k]) And (3) judging: will ip B [i][j][k]＝a 3 ，ip C [i][j][k]＝a 4 The voxels of the whole communication pore which penetrate through the whole sample are stored in an array D as the voxels of the whole communication pore which are communicated with the outlet and the inlet; will ip B [i][j][k]And ip C [i][j][k]One of which is equal to a 2 Another is equal to a 4 Is stored in the array E as a voxel of a semi-connected pore which is only connected with the outlet or the inlet, and ip is stored in the array E B [i][j][k]＝ip C [i][j][k]＝a 2 Is stored in array F as closed pore voxels that are not communicated to both the outlet and inlet;
and 5, determining the pore characteristics and connectivity of the sample according to the array D, E, F.
Preferably, the method for extracting the pore characteristics of the porous material provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: as shown in FIG. 1, when there are q inlet faces of the sample, q.gtoreq.2, in order to distinguish the relationship between the aperture and the different inlet faces, in step 3, the voxel sub-numbers ip are different for each inlet face B [i][j][k]＝a 3t T=1 to q, and stored in different subarrays B t In (a) and (b); when q outlet surfaces exist in the sample, q is more than or equal to 2, in order to distinguish the relation between the pore and different outlet surfaces, in step 3, different voxel sub-numbers ip are adopted for each outlet surface C [i][j][k]＝a 4t T=1 to q, and stored to different subarrays C t Is a kind of medium.
Preferably, the method for extracting the pore characteristics of the porous material provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: in step 3, the current layer ip [ i ]][j][k]＝a 1 The step of judging the inlet connectivity of the pore voxels of the (a) with the inlet standard layer one by one is as follows: the pore voxels T1 of the current layer are connected with ip in the entry standard layer one by one B [i][j][k]＝a 3 Each pore voxel T3 adjacent to the T1 is judged, and if the current T1 and the current T3 have a coplanar, co-prismatic or co-vertex relation between voxels shown in the figure 2, the current T1 and the current T3 are judged to have a communication relation; the current layer ip [ i ]][j][k]＝a 1 The step of judging the outlet connectivity of the pore voxels of the (a) with the outlet standard layer one by one is as follows: the pore voxels T1 of the current layer are connected with ip in the export standard layer one by one C [i][j][k]＝a 4 Each pore voxel T4 adjacent to the voxel T1 is judged, and if the coplanarity, the co-edge or the co-vertex relation between the voxels exists between the current T1 and the current T4, the existence of the connection between the current T1 and the current T4 is judgedA general relationship; judging whether the current pore voxels have the pore voxels communicated in the same layer refers to: in the same layer, whether the pore voxels which are coplanar or co-prismatic with the current pore voxels or are indirectly coplanar or co-prismatic through other pore voxels in the same layer are judged.
Preferably, the method for extracting the pore characteristics of the porous material provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: in step 5, the pore connectivity of the entire sample is calculated as follows:
wherein c is the pore connectivity of the entire sample; n is n c The number of all voxels in the array D; n is the number of all pore voxels contained in the sample and has the value ip [ i ] in step 1][j][k]＝a 1 Is included in the set of voxels.
Preferably, the method for extracting the pore characteristics of the porous material provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: in step 5, the pore structure of the sample and the number, position, duty ratio and density of the full-connected pores, the half-connected pores and the closed pores are determined according to the array D, E, F, and the three pores of the full-connected pores, the half-connected pores and the closed pores are marked by using no color on the three-dimensional model.
< method for extracting fluid distribution >
Further, the present invention also provides a method for extracting fluid distribution of porous materials, which is characterized by comprising the steps of:
step I, extracting the pore characteristics of the sample by adopting the method for extracting the pore characteristics of the porous material described in any one of claims 1 to 5, so as to obtain a three-dimensional model of the sample with a real pore structure;
step II, performing liquid absorption (liquid can be water or solution, sol and the like of any other components) and liquid discharge simulation experiments on the communicated pore structure in the model, thereby obtaining the distribution condition of the liquid in the pores under different states: the inlet face of the sample is hydraulically connected with the pressure p, and under the combined action of the pressure p and capillary pressure, the liquid enters the communication pore; liquid enters only those pores that are hydraulically connected and have an absolute capillary pressure higher than p; once the liquid reaches steady state, the pressure p is gradually increased; repeating the above process until all the communicating pores are filled with liquid; after the liquid in the communicated pores is completely saturated, calculating the permeability by counting the flow of the sample in unit time, and obtaining a liquid absorption curve; then, the liquid in the pore is pressed out by applying pressure on the outlet face of the sample, the process is the same as the process of increasing the pressure in the process of imbibing, and a dehydration curve is obtained in the same way as the imbibing process; in the liquid discharging process, unlike the liquid sucking process, only the liquid in the pores, of which the absolute value of capillary pressure is smaller than p and which are hydraulically connected to the outlet, can be discharged; capillary pressure was calculated as p' =p·epsilon/(σ·cos θ); wherein epsilon is the voxel side length; σ is the surface tension of the liquid; θ is the liquid-gas-solid contact angle;
step III, according to the liquid distribution situation obtained in the step II, obtaining the gas distribution situation in the communicated pore structure, and then marking the liquid voxel number as ip [ i ]][j][k]＝a 5 The gas voxel number is denoted ip [ i ]][j][k]＝a 6 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Counting the number of liquid voxels and gas voxels in the connected pore structure and respectively marking as n V And n L The liquid saturation s of the sample was calculated as follows:
step IV, judging the interface type in the connected pore structure:
for solid-liquid interfaces: traversing all ip [ i ]][j][k]＝a 5 For each liquid voxel, determining whether or not the adjacent voxel of each surface is ip [ i ]][j][k]＝a 0 If yes, marking the surface as a solid-liquid interface;
for solid-gas interfaces: traversing all ip [ i ]][j][k]＝a 6 For each gas voxel, determining whether or not the adjacent voxel of each surface is ip [ i ]][j][k]＝a 0 If so, marking the surface as solid-gas interface;
for gas-liquid interfaces: traversing all ip [ i ]][j][k]＝a 5 For each liquid voxel, determining whether or not the adjacent voxel of each surface is ip [ i ]][j][k]＝a 6 If yes, marking the surface as a gas-liquid interface; or traverse all ip [ i ]][j][k]＝a 6 For each gas voxel, determining whether or not the adjacent voxel of each surface is ip [ i ]][j][k]＝a 5 If yes, marking the surface as a gas-liquid interface;
step V, the area of one surface is marked as the square of the side length of 1voxel, and the areas marked as solid-gas, solid-liquid and gas-liquid interfaces are sequentially summed and marked as n sv ，n sl ，n lv Then n sv ，n sl ，n lv The interface surface areas of the solid-gas, solid-liquid and gas-liquid interfaces are sequentially shown.
Preferably, the method for extracting the pore characteristics of the porous material provided by the invention further comprises the following steps: step VI, based on the step I, a communicated pore structure in the model is obtained, the density of fluid in the pores is obtained through lattice Boltzmann simulation, and a gas voxel and a liquid voxel in a three-dimensional diagram of the sample are assigned to be corresponding densities; all liquid and gas voxels were extracted, traversed, and bubbling was used to obtain the maximum density of liquid and the minimum density of gas.
< System >
In addition, the invention also provides a system for extracting pore characteristics and fluid distribution of the porous material, which is characterized by comprising:
a porous material pore feature extraction unit that extracts sample pore features by the method for extracting porous material pore features described in < pore feature extraction method >;
a fluid distribution extraction unit that extracts a sample fluid distribution by the method for extracting a porous material fluid distribution described in the above < fluid distribution extraction method >;
and the control part is in communication connection with the porous material pore characteristic extraction part and the fluid distribution extraction part and controls the operation of the porous material pore characteristic extraction part and the fluid distribution extraction part.
Preferably, the system for extracting pore characteristics and fluid distribution of the porous material provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: and the input display part is in communication connection with the porous material pore characteristic extraction part, the fluid distribution extraction part and the control part and is used for enabling a user to input an operation instruction and correspondingly display the operation instruction.
Preferably, the system for extracting pore characteristics and fluid distribution of the porous material provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: the input display unit can display the communication relationship between the aperture and the different inlet surfaces and the different outlet surfaces differently by different colors and patterns according to different voxel sub-numbers and sub-arrays, or display only the aperture communicating with the designated outlet surface or inlet surface.
Effects and effects of the invention
The method and system for extracting porous material pore characteristics and fluid distribution provided by the invention comprises the steps of firstly scanning a sample and preprocessing to obtain a binarized sample three-dimensional map, then determining an inlet face and an outlet face of the sample, numbering pore voxels positioned on the inlet face and the outlet face respectively, judging connectivity with the inlet and the outlet layer by layer from outside to inside of an inner layer pore voxel, and changing all pore voxel numbers communicated with the inlet into ip B [i][j][k]＝a 3 Otherwise, the number is ip B [i][j][k]＝a 2 Storing the data into an array B; all pore voxel numbers communicated with the outlet are changed into ip C [i][j][k]＝a 4 Otherwise, the number is ip C [i][j][k]＝a 2 Is stored in an array C, and the connectivity coordinates (ip) of all pore voxels according to the arrays B and C B [i][j][k]，ip C [i][j][k]) And judging to obtain a full-connected pore voxel, storing the full-connected pore voxel into an array D, a half-connected pore voxel array E and a closed pore voxel array F, and determining the pore characteristics and connectivity of the sample according to the arrays. Further, on the basis, a simulation experiment is carried out on the sample to obtain the water distribution condition and the interface information of solid-gas, solid-liquid and gas-liquid interfaces in the porous material. The invention can be calibrated in the whole process without damaging the inside of the sampleThe surface tortuosity degree, the structural characteristics, the connectivity and the like of the real pores in the sample are obtained accurately and rapidly, on the other hand, the fluid distribution in the pores can be calculated through simulation wetting and liquid discharge experiments, and the characteristics of interface surface area, maximum density and the like are obtained, so that the method has great significance in accurately grasping the pore structural characteristics of the porous material and the internal liquid and gas distribution.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a sample inlet face and an outlet face according to the present invention, wherein the sample outlet face is a lower face, a left side face, and a rear side face of a cubic sample, and the sample inlet face is an upper face, a right side face, and a front side face of the cubic sample; these inlet and outlet faces may be present simultaneously or in part, or there may be only one inlet face and one outlet face, and any outlet face and inlet face may be located in the opposite positions as shown in the figure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the communication relationship between the co-planes (a), co-edges (b), and co-vertices (c) of the pore voxels according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional image of a specimen obtained after reconstruction in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing a sample communication pore distribution in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the water distribution of a sample according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the dark color portion is the distribution of water in the pores;
fig. 6 is a graph showing a water retention curve of a sample obtained by a liquid absorption and liquid discharge simulation experiment according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein solid points correspond to the water retention curve in the water discharge process, and hollow points correspond to the water retention curve in the wetting process.
Detailed Description
The method and system for extracting porous material pore characteristics and fluid distribution according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
< example >
The method for extracting the pore characteristics of the porous material provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting a porous medium sample, and performing CT scanning on the sample by using a three-dimensional imaging microscopic system to obtain an original projection image; and carrying out image processing and three-dimensional reconstruction on the original image, wherein the three-dimensional image obtained by reconstruction is shown in fig. 3.
Voxel numbers in array A are denoted ip [ i ]][j][k]Wherein i, j, k represent the coordinates of the voxel in the x, y, z directions, ip [ i ], respectively][j][k]When=1, the voxel is a pore; ip [ i ]][j][k]When=0, the voxel is solid. Let i=0, j=0, k=0 be the entrance plane in x direction, y direction, z direction, i=n, respectively x ，j＝n y ，k＝n z The outlet surfaces in the x direction, the y direction and the z direction are respectively arranged.
Step 2, traversing all inlet surfaces of the sample, judging whether the sample is a pore according to the number, wherein the pore of the inlet surface is an inlet pore, and the number is changed into ip B [i][j][k]=3, save to get new array B; traversing all outlet surfaces of the sample, wherein the outlet surface pores are outlet pores, and the number is changed to ip C [i][j][k]=4, and a new array C is saved.
Step 3, judging connectivity of the pore voxels layer by layer from outside to inside for those inner layers which are not located on the inlet face and the outlet face:
s3-11, taking the adjacent outer layer which is judged and stored in the array B as an inlet standard layer, and taking the inner layer which is positioned on the inner side of the inlet standard layer and adjacent to the inlet standard layer and is currently to be judged as a current layer;
s3-12, the current layer ip [ i ]][j][k]The connectivity judgment of the aperture voxel with the inlet standard layer is carried out by the aperture voxel with the number of the current aperture voxel being changed into ip once the current aperture voxel has the connectivity relation with the aperture voxel of the inlet standard layer B [i][j][k]=3, save to array B, then go to S3-13; otherwise, if the current pore voxel and the pore voxel of the inlet standard layer have no communication relation, the current pore voxel completes the judgment of the communication relation, and the S3-14 is entered;
s3-13, further judging whether the current pore voxels have the pore voxels communicated with each other in the same layer, and if so, changing the numbers of all the communicated pore voxels into ip B [i][j][k]=3, save to array B, current pore voxel and same layerAll the communicated pore voxels complete the judgment of the communication relation, and then enter S3-14;
s3-14, taking the next pore voxel which is not judged to have the communication relation as the current voxel, and returning to S3-2;
repeating S3-12 to S3-14 until all the pore voxels of the current layer are judged, and changing the numbers of the pore voxels which are not coded in the array B of the current layer into ip B [i][j][k]=2, save to array B, then go to S3-15;
s3-15, taking the current layer as an entry standard layer, marking the next layer of inner layer as a new current layer, and returning to S3-12;
and judging according to the modes S3-12 to S3-15 until the inlet connectivity of all the inner layers is judged.
Similarly, the outlet connectivity judging method comprises the following steps:
s3-21, taking the adjacent outer layer which is judged and stored in the array C as an outlet standard layer, and taking the inner layer which is positioned at the inner side of the outlet standard layer and adjacent to the outlet standard layer and is currently to be judged as a current layer;
s3-22, the current layer ip [ i ]][j][k]The connectivity judgment is carried out on the pore voxel with the number of the exit standard layer, and once the current pore voxel and the pore voxel of the exit standard layer have a communication relationship, the number of the current pore voxel is changed into ip C [i][j][k]=3, save to array C, then go to S3-23; otherwise, if the current pore voxel and the pore voxel of the outlet standard layer have no communication relation, the current pore voxel completes the judgment of the communication relation, and the S3-24 is entered;
s3-23, further judging whether the current pore voxels have the pore voxels communicated with each other in the same layer, and if so, changing the numbers of all the communicated pore voxels into ip C [i][j][k]4, storing the current pore voxels and all the pore voxels which are communicated with the same layer in the array C, judging the communication relation, and then entering S3-24;
s3-24, taking the next pore voxel which is not judged to have the communication relation as the current voxel, and returning to S3-2;
repeating S3-22-S3-24 until all the pore voxels of the current layer are judged, and changing the numbers of the pore voxels of the current layer which are not coded into the array C into ip C [i][j][k]=2, save to array C, then go to S3-25;
s3-25, taking the current layer as an outlet standard layer, marking the next inner layer as a new current layer, and returning to S3-22;
and judging according to the modes S3-22-S3-25 until the outlet connectivity of all the inner layers is judged.
Step 4, according to the arrays B and C, connectivity coordinates (ip B [i][j][k]，ip C [i][j][k]) And (3) judging: when the connectivity coordinates of the pore voxels (i, j, k) satisfy both the inlet and outlet pore connectivity (ip) B [i][j][k]＝3，ip C [i][j][k]=4)), the pore is the pore extending through the entire sample, and the number is modified to ip G [i][j][k]=5 and saved to array G. Based on step 3, the pore characteristics, connectivity and distribution are obtained, and as shown in fig. 4, comparing fig. 3 and fig. 4 can show that the pore distribution obtained by extraction is consistent with the pore distribution on the surface of the sample obtained by scanning. In addition, the diameter of the communication holes (based on the number of communication holes communicating with each other in each layer) can also be calculated based on step 3.
Will ip B [i][j][k]And ip C [i][j][k]One equal to 2 and the other equal to 4 are stored in the array E as semi-connected pore voxels which are only communicated with the outlet or the inlet, and ip is stored in the array E B [i][j][k]＝ip C [i][j][k]The voxel of =2 is saved in array F as a closed pore voxel that is not in communication with both the outlet and inlet.
Step 5, determining the pore characteristics and connectivity conditions of the sample according to the array;
the number of pores communicating with the whole sample in the array G is counted, and the pore communication degree of the whole sample is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein c is the pore connectivity of the whole sample, n c For all the number of pores communicating with the whole sample, n is all the number of pores.
The number of pores and pore connectivity calculated in this example are shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1 pore statistics
| Number of pores of original image | Number of communicating pores | Pore connectivity throughout the sample |
| 22883429 | 19011071 | 0.83 |
Furthermore, the embodiment also provides a method for extracting the fluid distribution of the porous material, and the method further comprises the following steps on the basis of extracting the pore structure characteristics of the porous material in the steps 1-5:
step II, performing water absorption and drainage simulation experiments on the extracted connected pore structure to obtain water in the porous material: the inlet face of the sample is hydraulically connected to water at a pressure p, which enters the communicating pores under the combined action of the pressure p and the capillary pressure (surface tension). However, water can only enter those pores that are hydraulically connected and have capillary pressure (absolute value) higher than p. Once the fluid reaches steady state, the pressure p is gradually increased and the process is repeated until all the pores are filled with water. After the water in the connected pores is fully saturated, the permeability is calculated by counting the water flow of the sample in unit time, and a water absorption curve is drawn. The water in the pores is then pressed out by applying pressure to the sample outlet face, as in the step of increasing the pressure during the water absorption, and the dehydration curve is drawn in the same manner as during the water absorption. In the drainage process, unlike the water suction process, only water in the pores having a capillary pressure less than p and hydraulically connected to the outlet can be drained. Capillary pressure can be calculated as p' =p·epsilon/(σ·cos θ), epsilon being the voxel side length, i.e., the physical size of the pixel point; σ is the surface tension of the liquid; θ is the liquid-gas-solid contact angle, the water distribution and wetting obtained, and the water retention curves during drainage are shown in fig. 5 and 6.
Step III, according to the liquid distribution situation obtained in the step II, obtaining the gas distribution situation in the communicated pore structure, and then marking the liquid voxel number as ip [ i ]][j][k]＝a 5 The gas voxel number is denoted ip [ i ]][j][k]＝a 6 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Counting the number of liquid voxels and gas voxels in the connected pore structure and respectively marking as n V And n L The liquid saturation s of the sample was calculated as follows:
step IV, judging the interface type in the connected pore structure:
for solid-liquid interfaces: traversing all liquid voxels of ip [ i ] [ j ] [ k ] =5, judging whether adjacent voxels of each surface (six surfaces are judged one by one) of each liquid voxel are ip [ i ] [ j ] [ k ] =0, and if so, marking the surface as a solid-liquid interface;
for solid-gas interfaces: traversing all the gas voxels of ip [ i ] [ j ] [ k ] =6, judging whether the adjacent voxels of each surface of each gas voxel are ip [ i ] [ j ] [ k ] =0, and if so, marking the surface as a solid-gas interface;
for gas-liquid interfaces: traversing all liquid voxels with ip [ i ] [ j ] [ k ] =5, judging whether the adjacent voxels on each surface of each liquid voxel are ip [ i ] [ j ] [ k ] =6, and if so, marking the surface as a gas-liquid interface; or traversing all the gas voxels with ip [ i ] [ j ] [ k ] =6, judging whether the adjacent voxels on each surface of each gas voxel are ip [ i ] [ j ] [ k ] =5, and if so, marking the surface as a gas-liquid interface;
step V, the area of one surface is marked as square of 1voxel side length = lu = 1voxel, and the areas marked as solid-gas, solid-liquid and gas-liquid interfaces are sequentially summed and marked as n sv ，n sl ，n lv Then n sv ，n sl ，n lv The interface surface areas of the solid-gas, solid-liquid and gas-liquid interfaces are sequentially shown.
The calculated saturation and surface area of each interface in this example are shown in table 2 below:
TABLE 2 statistics of interfacial area
| Saturation level | Solid-gas interface area | Solid-liquid interfacial area | Area of gas-liquid interface |
| 0.706 | 11,441,714 | 9,153,372 | 2,288,343 |
Step VI, based on the porous material pore structure characteristics extracted in the steps 1-5, obtaining the density of fluid in pores through lattice Boltzmann simulation, and assigning gas voxels and liquid voxels in a sample three-dimensional graph to be corresponding densities; traversing all the steps from left to right, from bottom to top, and from back to frontFluid voxels, using bubbling to obtain a liquid maximum density and a gas minimum density. In this example, the maximum density ρ of the liquid is obtained max =8.09, minimum density ρ of gas min ＝0.0752。
< example two >
The second embodiment provides a system capable of automatically implementing the method, extracting the pore characteristics of the porous material and the fluid distribution, and the system comprises a porous material pore characteristic extracting part, a fluid distribution extracting part, an input display part and a control part.
The porous material pore characteristics extraction unit extracts pore characteristics of the porous material sample by using steps 1 to 5 described in < embodiment one >.
The fluid distribution extraction unit extracts the sample fluid distribution by the method for extracting the porous material fluid distribution described in steps II to VI described in < embodiment one >.
The input display part is used for enabling a user to input an operation instruction and correspondingly display the operation instruction. For example, the input display unit may display the original projection image, the reconstructed three-dimensional image, each array, the pore characteristics, and the connectivity obtained by the porous material pore characteristics extraction unit, may display the pore characteristics and the connectivity on the three-dimensional model map, may display the communication relationship between the pore and the different inlet surfaces and the different outlet surfaces differently in different colors and patterns according to different voxel sub-numbers and sub-arrays, or may display only the pore communicating with the designated outlet surface or the inlet surface. Further, the input display unit can display water absorption and drainage simulation experiments of the fluid distribution extraction unit and water retention curves obtained in different states, water distribution, saturation, interface type, interface area information and maximum and minimum densities of the fluid.
The control part is in communication connection with the porous material pore characteristic extraction part, the fluid distribution extraction part and the input display part, and controls the operation of the porous material pore characteristic extraction part, the fluid distribution extraction part and the input display part.
The above method and system can be used, for example, in industrial fuel cells and other chemical catalytic simulations. Such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells, in which hydrogen and oxygen react in a porous dielectric layer to form water, the porous dielectric layer having a plurality of tiny catalyst (platinum) particles distributed on the pore walls. The generated water is discharged through the pores in the porous medium layer and can maintain continuous reaction; therefore, an important technology in proton exchange membranes is the design of the porous medium layer, which allows the gas to enter into sufficient contact with the catalyst to react, and allows the water to be smoothly discharged, so that the pore channels are not filled with water. This porous media layer can be used as a sample to extract pore characteristics and fluid distribution using the methods and systems of the present invention described above.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention. The method and system for extracting porous material pore characteristics and fluid distribution according to the present invention are not limited to the description of the embodiments above, but rather the scope of the claims. Any modifications, additions or equivalent substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on this embodiment are within the scope of the invention as claimed in the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method of extracting pore characteristics of a porous material, comprising the steps of:
step 1, performing three-dimensional scanning imaging and image preprocessing on a porous material sample to obtain a porous material sample containing n x ×n y ×n z A three-dimensional map of each voxel, and the voxel number is denoted by ip [ i ]][j][k]I, j, k represent the coordinates of the voxel in the x, y, z directions, ip [ i ] respectively][j][k]＝a 0 When the voxel is a solid voxel; ip [ i ]][j][k]＝a 1 When the voxel is a pore voxel; a, a 0 ≠a 1 ；
Step 2, determining the inlet surface of the sample, then judging voxels on the inlet surface one by one, and when ip [ i ]][j][k]＝a 1 When the voxel number is changed to ip B [i][j][k]＝a 3 Storing the data into an array B; determining the outlet surface of the sample, judging the voxels on the outlet surface one by one, and determining the voxels as ip [ i ]][j][k]＝a 1 When the voxel number is changed to ip C [i][j][k]＝a 4 PreservingTo the array C;
step 3, judging connectivity of the pore voxels layer by layer from outside to inside for those inner layers which are not located on the inlet face and the outlet face:
the adjacent outer layer which is judged and stored in the array B is taken as an inlet standard layer, the inner layer which is positioned at the inner side of the inlet standard layer and is adjacent to the inlet standard layer and is currently to be judged is recorded as a current layer, and the current layer ip [ i ]][j][k]＝a 1 Connectivity judgment is carried out on the pore voxels of the inlet standard layer one by one, once the current pore voxel and the pore voxels of the inlet standard layer have a communication relationship, the number of the current pore voxel is changed into ip B [i][j][k]＝a 3 Storing the current pore voxels into an array B, further judging whether the current pore voxels have the pore voxels communicated with each other in the same layer, and changing the numbers of all the communicated pore voxels into ip if the current pore voxels exist B [i][j][k]＝a 3 Storing the current layer of the pore voxels in the array B, judging the next pore voxel which is not judged to have a communication relation until all the pore voxels of the current layer are judged, and changing the numbers of the pore voxels which are not coded in the array B into ip B [i][j][k]＝a 2 Storing the current layer as an entry standard layer, and taking the next inner layer as the current layer, and judging according to the mode until all the inner layers are judged;
the adjacent outer layer which is judged and stored in the array C is used as an outlet standard layer, the inner layer which is positioned at the inner side of the outlet standard layer and is adjacent to the outlet standard layer and is currently to be judged is recorded as a current layer, and the current layer ip [ i ]][j][k]＝a 1 Connectivity judgment is carried out on the pore voxels of the outlet standard layer one by one, once the current pore voxel and the pore voxels of the outlet standard layer have a communication relationship, the serial number of the current pore voxel is changed into ip C [i][j][k]＝a 4 Storing the current pore voxels into an array C, further judging whether the current pore voxels have the pore voxels communicated with each other in the same layer, and changing the numbers of all the communicated pore voxels into ip if the current pore voxels exist C [i][j][k]＝a 4 Saving in the array C, and then judging that the next is not judgedThe pore voxels passing through the connection relation are changed into ip according to the number of the pore voxels which are not coded in the array C until all the pore voxels of the current layer are judged C [i][j][k]＝a 2 Storing the current layer as an outlet standard layer, and taking the next inner layer as the current layer, and judging according to the mode until all the inner layers are judged; a, a 0 、a 1 、a 2 、a 3 、a 4 The values are different;
step 4, according to the arrays B and C, connectivity coordinates (ip B [i][j][k]，ip C [i][j][k]) And (3) judging: will ip B [i][j][k]＝a 3 ，ip C [i][j][k]＝a 4 The voxels of the whole communication pore which penetrate through the whole sample are stored in an array D as the voxels of the whole communication pore which are communicated with the outlet and the inlet; will ip B [i][j][k]And ip C [i][j][k]One of which is equal to a 2 Another is equal to a 4 Is stored in the array E as a voxel of a semi-connected pore which is only connected with the outlet or the inlet, and ip is stored in the array E B [i][j][k]＝ip C [i][j][k]＝a 2 Is stored in array F as closed pore voxels that are not communicated to both the outlet and inlet;
and 5, determining the pore characteristics and connectivity of the sample according to the array D, E, F.
2. The method of extracting porous material pore characteristics of claim 1, wherein:
wherein in step 3, the current layer ip [ i ] is set][j][k]＝a 1 The step of judging the inlet connectivity of the pore voxels of the (a) with the inlet standard layer one by one is as follows: the pore voxels T1 of the current layer are connected with ip in the entry standard layer one by one B [i][j][k]＝a 3 Each pore voxel T3 adjacent to the T1 is judged, and if the coplanar, co-prismatic or co-vertex relation exists between the voxels of the current T1 and the current T3, the current T1 and the current T3 are judged to have a communication relation;
the current layer ip [ i ]][j][k]＝a 1 The pore voxels of (2) are subjected to outlet connectivity judgment with the outlet standard layer one by oneThe method comprises the following steps: the pore voxels T1 of the current layer are connected with ip in the export standard layer one by one C [i][j][k]＝a 4 Each pore voxel T4 adjacent to the voxel T1 is judged, and if the coplanar, co-prismatic or co-vertex relation exists between the voxels of the current T1 and the current T4, the current T1 and the current T4 are judged to have a communication relation;
judging whether the current pore voxels have the pore voxels communicated in the same layer refers to: in the same layer, whether the pore voxels which are coplanar or co-prismatic with the current pore voxels or are indirectly coplanar or co-prismatic through other pore voxels in the same layer are judged.
3. The method of extracting porous material pore characteristics of claim 1, wherein:
wherein, in step 5, the pore connectivity of the whole sample is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein c is the pore connectivity of the entire sample; n is n c The number of all voxels in the array D; n is the number of all pore voxels contained in the sample and has the value ip [ i ] in step 1][j][k]＝a 1 Is included in the set of voxels.
4. The method of extracting porous material pore characteristics of claim 1, wherein:
in step 5, the pore structure of the sample and the number, position, duty ratio and density of the full-connected pores, the half-connected pores and the closed pores are determined according to the array D, E, F, and the three pores of the full-connected pores, the half-connected pores and the closed pores are marked by using no color on the three-dimensional model.
5. The method of extracting porous material pore characteristics of claim 1, wherein:
wherein when the sample has q inlet faces, q is greater than or equal to 2, in order to distinguish pores from othersThe relationship of the different entry planes is determined in step 3 by using different voxel sub-numbers ip for each entry plane B [i][j][k]＝a 3t T=1 to q, and stored in different subarrays B t In (a) and (b);
when q outlet surfaces exist in the sample, q is more than or equal to 2, in order to distinguish the relation between the pore and different outlet surfaces, in step 3, different voxel sub-numbers ip are adopted for each outlet surface C [i][j][k]＝a 4t T=1 to q, and stored to different subarrays C t Is a kind of medium.
6. A method of extracting a fluid distribution of a porous material, comprising the steps of:
step I, extracting the pore characteristics of the sample by adopting the method for extracting the pore characteristics of the porous material described in any one of claims 1 to 5, so as to obtain a three-dimensional model of the sample with a real pore structure;
step II, carrying out liquid absorption and liquid discharge simulation experiments on the communicated pore structures in the model, thereby obtaining the distribution condition of liquid in pores under different states: the inlet face of the sample is hydraulically connected with the pressure p, and under the combined action of the pressure p and capillary pressure, the liquid enters the communication pore; liquid enters only those pores that are hydraulically connected and have an absolute capillary pressure higher than p; once the liquid reaches steady state, the pressure p is gradually increased; repeating the above process until all the communicating pores are filled with liquid; after the liquid in the communicated pores is completely saturated, calculating the permeability by counting the flow of the sample in unit time, and obtaining a liquid absorption curve; then, the liquid in the pore is pressed out by applying pressure on the outlet face of the sample, the process is the same as the process of increasing the pressure in the process of imbibing, and a dehydration curve is obtained in the same way as the imbibing process; in the liquid discharging process, unlike the liquid sucking process, only the liquid in the pores, of which the absolute value of capillary pressure is smaller than p and which are hydraulically connected to the outlet, can be discharged; capillary pressure was calculated as p' =p·epsilon/(σ·cos θ); wherein epsilon is the voxel side length; σ is the surface tension of the liquid; θ is the liquid-gas-solid contact angle;
step III, obtaining according to the liquid distribution situation obtained in the step IICommunicating the gas distribution in the pore structure, and then recording the liquid voxel number as ip [ i ]][j][k]＝a 5 The gas voxel number is denoted ip [ i ]][j][k]＝a 6 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Counting the number of liquid voxels and gas voxels in the connected pore structure and respectively marking as n V And n L The liquid saturation s of the sample was calculated as follows:
step IV, judging the interface type in the connected pore structure:
for solid-liquid interfaces: traversing all ip [ i ]][j][k]＝a 5 For each liquid voxel, determining whether or not the adjacent voxel of each surface is ip [ i ]][j][k]＝a 0 If yes, marking the surface as a solid-liquid interface;
for solid-gas interfaces: traversing all ip [ i ]][j][k]＝a 6 For each gas voxel, determining whether or not the adjacent voxel of each surface is ip [ i ]][j][k]＝a 0 If yes, marking the surface as a solid-gas interface;
for gas-liquid interfaces: traversing all ip [ i ]][j][k]＝a 5 For each liquid voxel, determining whether or not the adjacent voxel of each surface is ip [ i ]][j][k]＝a 6 If yes, marking the surface as a gas-liquid interface; or traverse all ip [ i ]][j][k]＝a 6 For each gas voxel, determining whether or not the adjacent voxel of each surface is ip [ i ]][j][k]＝a 5 If yes, marking the surface as a gas-liquid interface;
step V, the area of one surface is marked as the square of the side length of 1voxel, and the areas marked as solid-gas, solid-liquid and gas-liquid interfaces are sequentially summed and marked as n sv ，n sl ，n lv Then n sv ，n sl ，n lv The interface surface areas of the solid-gas, solid-liquid and gas-liquid interfaces are sequentially shown.
7. The method of extracting a porous material fluid distribution of claim 1, further comprising:
step VI, based on the step I, a communicated pore structure in the model is obtained, the density of fluid in the pores is obtained through lattice Boltzmann simulation, and a gas voxel and a liquid voxel in a three-dimensional diagram of the sample are assigned to be corresponding densities; all liquid and gas voxels were extracted, traversed, and bubbling was used to obtain the liquid maximum density and gas minimum density.
8. A system for extracting porous material pore characteristics and fluid distribution, comprising:
a porous material pore characteristic extraction section that extracts sample pore characteristics by the method of extracting porous material pore characteristics described in any one of claims 1 to 5;
a fluid distribution extraction unit that extracts a sample fluid distribution by the method for extracting a porous material fluid distribution described in claim 6 or 7;
and the control part is in communication connection with the porous material pore characteristic extraction part and the fluid distribution extraction part and controls the operation of the porous material pore characteristic extraction part and the fluid distribution extraction part.
9. The system for extracting porous material pore characteristics and fluid distribution of claim 8, further comprising:
and the input display part is in communication connection with the porous material pore characteristic extraction part, the fluid distribution extraction part and the control part and is used for enabling a user to input an operation instruction and correspondingly display the operation instruction.
10. The system for extracting porous material pore characteristics and fluid distribution of claim 8, wherein:
the input display unit can display different colors and patterns according to the communication relation between the pores and different inlet surfaces and different outlet surfaces by different voxel sub-numbers and sub-arrays, or only display the pores communicated with the designated outlet surface or inlet surface.
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