CN116329130A - On-line detection and separation equipment and method for internal and external quality of grains - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides online detection and sorting equipment and method for internal and external quality of grains, which relate to the field of agricultural equipment and comprise a frame, a feeding mechanism, a conveying device, a quality detection mechanism, a rejecting mechanism and a discharging mechanism, wherein the quality detection mechanism comprises an external quality detection mechanism and an internal quality detection mechanism; in addition, the external quality detection mechanism and the internal quality detection structure are integrated with the conveying belt, so that the detection time is saved, and the efficiency is improved.

Description

On-line detection and separation equipment and method for internal and external quality of grains

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of agricultural equipment, in particular to grain internal and external quality online detection and separation equipment and method.

Background

The China is a large country for producing grains, and the grains mainly comprise three major categories of rice, wheat, corn and the like; cereal food mainly provides carbohydrates, proteins, dietary fibers and B vitamins for human bodies, and is a main source of heat energy for human bodies; with the continuous improvement of the life quality requirements of people, the internal and external qualities of the grains such as moisture, protein and the like directly influence the economic value of the grains, and the grains are more and more valued by people; if the quality of the grains can be graded, the grain food safety is ensured, and the grain food is beneficial to generating greater economic benefit; therefore, it is of great significance to develop a device capable of rapidly, nondestructively, high-throughput and accurate detection of various grain qualities.

The above-mentioned patents and existing market products have the following problems:

1. the traditional detection method of the grain quality is a manual visual inspection method, is simple and quick, has no fixed standard in evaluation, has the defects of strong subjectivity, poor stability, low efficiency, high cost and the like, and is easy to cause cross infection by continuous contact of hands and grains;

2. the RGB imaging technology can sort out heterochromatic particles in grain according to the external characteristics of the grain such as appearance, color, texture and the like, but the accuracy is limited due to the lack of the ability of sensing internal component information, and the content of internal oil, protein and the like cannot be obtained;

3. the hyperspectral interaction mode is less applicable than other modes due to the complexity of the device architecture.

Disclosure of Invention

Technical problem to be solved

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the online detection and sorting equipment and the online detection and sorting method for the internal and external quality of the grains, which solve the problems that the existing grain detection device has certain limitation, and the detection variety aimed by the equipment is single and has poor applicability; for cereal types, only one or one type of cereal is often collected; for imaging technology, basically only computer vision technology or hyperspectral imaging technology is used, and internal and external quality information of the imaging technology cannot be obtained synchronously; in the case of hyperspectral imaging, only hyperspectral imaging based on reflection or transmission is often adopted, the obtained component information is less, and the accuracy is limited.

Technical proposal

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the utility model provides an inside and outside quality on-line measuring analysis sorter of cereal, includes frame, pan feeding mechanism, conveyor, quality detection mechanism, rejects mechanism, conveyer and discharge mechanism, reject the mechanism and reject mechanism including first rejection mechanism and second, pan feeding mechanism, conveyor, outside quality detection mechanism, first rejection mechanism, inside quality detection structure, second rejection mechanism and discharge mechanism all fix at the frame surface, its characterized in that: the quality detection mechanism comprises an external quality detection mechanism and an internal quality detection mechanism; the feeding mechanism comprises a feeding hopper, a hopper conveying hopper, a vibrating motor and a multichannel chute, the conveying device is arranged at the tail end of the chute, a chute is arranged between the external quality detection mechanism and the internal quality detection structure, and the first rejecting mechanism is fixed between the external quality detection structure and the internal quality detection structure.

Preferably, the feeding hopper is welded on the surface of the frame, the vibrating motor is fixedly arranged on the surface of the frame, the hopper conveying hopper is fixed at the top of the vibrating motor, and the multichannel chute is positioned at the front end of the hopper conveying hopper and is fixed through the bent plate and the bolts.

Preferably, the external quality detection mechanism comprises an external machine black camera, three CCD cameras, halogen lamps and a first installation transverse plate, wherein the first installation transverse plate is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the external machine black camera, the halogen lamps are respectively installed at four corners of the first installation transverse plate, the three CCD cameras are vertically installed at the center of the first installation transverse plate, the external machine black camera is installed on a conveyor belt, and multiple rows of small holes are formed in two sides of the external machine black camera.

Preferably, the multichannel spout subassembly includes spout, spout apron, spout mounting panel, the spout mounting panel includes first mounting panel and second mounting panel again, and first mounting panel and outside quality detection mechanism's camera bellows bottom fixed connection to second mounting panel and inside quality detection structure's camera bellows bottom fixed connection.

Preferably, the internal quality detection structure comprises an internal machine black camera bellows, an imaging device and a transmission device, wherein the imaging device comprises a light source, a hyperspectral instrument mounting plate, six halogen lamps and three hyperspectral instruments, the transmission device comprises a displacement platform and a transmission module arranged on the displacement platform, the transmission module comprises a transmission module black box, a guide rail sliding block assembly, a transmission light source and a diffusion plate are arranged in the transmission module black box, the guide rail sliding block assembly is connected with the transmission light source, the diffusion plate is arranged above the transmission light source, and the light source further comprises a reflection light source.

Preferably, the displacement platform comprises a screw rod, a main sliding block and a support, wherein the screw rod is arranged on the support and connected with the stepping motor, and the main sliding block is in threaded fit with the screw rod of the displacement platform.

Preferably, the guide rail sliding block assembly comprises two longitudinal guide rails, two longitudinal guide rail sliding blocks and a transverse guide rail, wherein the longitudinal guide rails are fixed on two side walls of the black camera bellows of the internal machine, and two ends of the transverse guide rail are respectively connected with the two longitudinal guide rail sliding blocks.

Preferably, a module transverse plate is arranged at the top of the transmission module black box, and a diaphragm tray, a diaphragm and an operating lever are arranged on the module transverse plate.

Preferably, the method based on the online detection, analysis and sorting machine for the internal and external quality of the grains comprises the following steps:

s1, pouring grains to be detected into a round hopper, uniformly spreading and conveying the grains forwards under the driving and the conveying hopper of the vibrating motor and the hopper, and separating and lapping the grains on different chute channels after passing through a multichannel chute so as to convey the grains to a conveying belt;

s2, the belt is driven by the stepping motor to stably move according to the set speed to convey grains in a plurality of channels forwards and detect the external quality through an external quality detection chamber arranged above the conveying device;

s3, triggering a photoelectric switch when the grains enter an external quality detection mechanism, shooting the RGB images of the grains by a CCD camera, transmitting the shot RGB images to a control panel for image processing to perform grain counting and distinguishing, judging whether obvious abnormality or sand, stones and other impurities exist in the grains, and transmitting the result to the control panel;

s4, if abnormality such as color change mildew or sand grains, stones and other impurities exist, the control panel controls the rejecting mechanism to incline rightwards so as to convey the rejecting mechanism to a waste material outlet; if the grains are not abnormal, the control panel controls the rejecting mechanism to incline leftwards so as to convey the grains to the inner quality detection structure below;

s5, adjusting the position of the transmission device in advance through the displacement platform, so that grains to be detected are located under the hyperspectral instrument;

s51, triggering a photoelectric switch when grains enter an internal quality detection structure; turning on a reflection light source, and collecting a reflection hyperspectral image of a sample to be detected by a hyperspectral instrument;

s52, adjusting the position of the lamp holder sliding block according to the shape of the sample to be detected, and changing the distribution arrangement of the halogen lamps to obtain proper illumination;

s53, turning on a transmission light source, uniformly transmitting the light emitted by the transmission light source and then penetrating through grains, and collecting a transmission hyperspectral image of a sample by a hyperspectral instrument;

and S54, counting and analyzing the grains according to the reflected hyperspectral image and the transmitted hyperspectral image.

Advantageous effects

The invention provides a grain internal and external quality online detection and separation device and a grain internal and external quality online detection and separation method; the device comprises the following

The beneficial effects are that:

1. the grain sorting machine is provided with a function innovation, and the grain internal and external quality integrated sorting machine combines the machine vision perception external grain external quality detection sorting and the hyperspectral perception grain internal quality detection sorting, so that impurities are removed, and the quality classification of grains is realized;

2. the internal quality detection of the grains is carried out by utilizing the reflection hyperspectral imaging and the transmission hyperspectral imaging, and the photoelectric switch is triggered to collect the reflection spectrum and the transmission spectrum of the grains by utilizing the halogen lamp as a light source, so that the spectrum information of the grains is increased, and the quality detection accuracy of the grains is improved; in addition, the external quality detection mechanism, the internal quality detection mechanism and the conveying belt are integrated, so that the detection time is saved, and the efficiency is improved;

3. the grain sorting machine adopts multichannel feeding to realize multichannel simultaneous internal and external quality detection sorting, and effectively improves the detection sorting efficiency.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a real-time example of a grain internal and external quality on-line detecting and sorting machine according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the overall structure of the external quality inspection mechanism and the internal quality inspection mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an internal quality inspection structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a first eliminating mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a displacement platform according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a component view of the present invention.

Wherein: 1. a frame; 2. feeding into a hopper; 3. a hopper conveying hopper; 4. a vibration motor; 5. a chute; 6. a conveyor belt; 7. an external quality detection mechanism; 701. the external machine is a black camera bellows; 702. a support frame; 703. a first mounting cross plate; 704. a halogen lamp; 705. a CCD camera; 8. an alarm prompting lamp; 9. an impurity discharge port; 10. a transition device; 11. an internal quality detection structure; 1101. the inner machine black camera bellows; 1102. a hyperspectral meter mounting plate; 1103. a reflective light source; 1104. a hyperspectral instrument; 1105. a transmissive module black box; 1106. a module cross plate; 1107. a diffusion plate; 1108. a guide rail slide block assembly; 1109. a transmission light source; 1110. a displacement platform; 1111. a bracket; 1112. a screw rod; 1113. a main slider; 1114. a coupling; 1115. a stepping motor; 1116. a motor driver; 12. a cereal discharge port; 13. a first reject mechanism; 1301. a balance plate; 1302. a fixing frame; 14. tilting the chute; 1401. a first fixing plate; 1402. a second fixing plate; 15. a second conveying device; 16. and a second rejecting mechanism.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention; all other embodiments, based on the embodiments of the invention, which a person of ordinary skill in the art would obtain without inventive faculty, are within the scope of the invention;

first embodiment:

as shown in fig. 1-6, an on-line detecting and sorting machine for internal and external quality of grains is provided, an alarm indicator lamp 8 is installed on a machine body, and fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of the on-line detecting and sorting machine for internal and external quality of grains; the sorting machine comprises a frame 1, a feeding mechanism, a conveying device, a quality detection mechanism, a rejecting mechanism and a discharging mechanism; the quality detection mechanism further comprises an external quality detection mechanism 7 and an internal quality detection mechanism 11; the removing mechanism comprises a first removing mechanism 13 and a second removing mechanism 16, and the discharging mechanism comprises an impurity discharging hole 9 and a grain discharging hole 12; the feeding mechanism, the conveyor belt 6, the external quality detection mechanism 7, the first rejecting mechanism 13 and the second conveying device 15, and the internal quality detection mechanism 11, the second rejecting mechanism 16 and the discharging mechanism are sequentially fixed on the frame 1; wherein, the feeding mechanism comprises a feeding hopper 2, a hopper conveying hopper 3, a vibrating motor 4 and a multichannel chute 5; the conveyor belt 6 is arranged at the tail end of the chute 5, the external quality detection mechanism 7 is composed of a machine vision system, the external quality detection mechanism 7 is connected with the internal quality detection structure 11 through the multichannel chute 5 and the second conveying device 15, and the internal quality detection structure 11 comprises a light source module, a trigger collector, a spectrum collection module, a guide rail slide block component 1108 and a diffusion plate 1107; the internal quality detection of grains is completed by utilizing reflection and transmission hyperspectral imaging technology, and the first removing mechanism 13 is fixed between the external quality detection mechanism 7 and the internal quality detection structure 11, so that impurities such as sand grains, stones and the like enter the sundry discharge port, and grains with different qualities enter different discharge ports.

For a feeding mechanism, grains to be detected are dispersed to a plurality of channels and conveyed to a conveying belt 6, a feeding hopper 2 is welded on a frame 1, a vibrating motor 4 is fixed below, a hopper conveying hopper 3 is fixed above the vibrating motor 4, a multi-channel chute 5 is positioned at the front end of the hopper conveying hopper 3, and is fixed on a supporting plate below by a bent plate and bolts; the channel of the multichannel chute 5 is shaped like a funnel, and the upper part is big and the lower part is small; the vibration motor 4 is adjusted to drive the hopper conveying hopper 3 to vibrate, so that grains to be tested falling from the feeding hopper 2 are uniformly conveyed to multiple channels, and multi-channel single-row conveying is achieved;

the quality detection means comprises an external quality detection means 7 and an internal quality detection means 11; the external quality detection mechanism 7 is used for preparing detection of whether impurities such as sand grains or stones are doped in grains or whether abnormal conditions such as breakage and mildew exist or not by utilizing a machine vision technology; the external quality detection mechanism 7 consists of an external machine black camera 701, three CCD cameras 705, eight halogen lamps 704, a first mounting transverse plate 703 and a supporting frame 702, wherein the first mounting transverse plate 703 is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the external machine black camera 701, and the eight halogen lamps 704 are respectively arranged at four corners of the first mounting transverse plate 703 and at two sides of the transverse shaft so as to ensure the full and uniform light source; three CCD cameras 705 are installed at the center of the first installation cross plate 703, perpendicular to the conveyor belt 6; the black camera bellows 701 of the external machine is fixed on the frame of the conveyor belt 6, the bottom is supported by the supporting frame 702, and a plurality of rows of small holes for heat dissipation are formed on two sides of the black camera bellows; the RGB image information of the grains collected by the CCD camera 705 is transmitted to the control panel for image processing, and the processing result is obtained to judge whether the grains are abnormal or doped with impurities, so that the first rejecting mechanism 13 is controlled to operate; the internal quality detection structure 11 utilizes a hyperspectral instrument 1104 to collect reflection hyperspectral and transmission hyperspectral of grains to be detected and performs spectral analysis to detect the content of internal components such as internal oil content, protein and the like of the grains; the internal quality detection structure 11 comprises an internal black camera 1101, an imaging device at the top of the box, a transmission device in the box, an imaging device comprising a hyperspectral meter mounting plate 1102, six halogen lamps 704, a reflection light source 1103 and three hyperspectral instruments 1104; a spectrometer is arranged between every two halogen lamps 704 and is used for collecting a reflected hyperspectral image and a transmitted hyperspectral image of the grain, and a transmission device is positioned below the imaging device and comprises a displacement platform 1110 and a transmission module arranged on the displacement platform 1110; the transmission module can adjust the position of the transmission module under the drive of the displacement platform 1110 to generate a proper transmission light source 1109 so as to penetrate the grains to be detected; the transmission module comprises a small transmission module black box 1105, and a guide rail sliding block component 1108, a transmission light source 1109 and a diffusion plate 1107 are arranged in the transmission module black box 1105; the transmission light source 1109 adopts a halogen lamp 704 with a wider wavelength range, penetrates through a sample to be detected, and is further collected by a hyperspectral instrument 1104; the lamp holder sliding block is an assembly, the lamp holder and the sliding block are welded together and used for installing a transmission light source 1109, and the position of the transmission light source 1109 is adjusted by matching with a longitudinal guide rail, the longitudinal guide rail sliding block and a transverse guide rail, so that light rays penetrating through samples to be detected are uniform, the requirements of different samples to be detected on light intensity are met to obtain a clearer image, the guide rail sliding block assembly 1108 is connected with the transmission light source 1109, the diffusion plate 1107 is positioned above the transmission light source 1109, and a module transverse plate 1106 with a light hole is further arranged above the transmission module black box 1105 and used for adjusting the size of the light source; the guide rail sliding block component 1108 comprises two longitudinal guide rails, two longitudinal guide rail sliding blocks and a transverse guide rail, wherein the longitudinal guide rails are fixed on two side walls of the black camera bellows, the longitudinal guide rail sliding blocks are correspondingly connected with the longitudinal guide rails so as to realize sliding adjustment, and two ends of the transverse guide rail are connected with the two longitudinal guide rail sliding blocks so as to realize relative movement; in addition, the shape of the light holes on the transverse plate can be selected, and the light holes comprise a rectangle and a circle, and can be adjusted in size; the diaphragm plate is provided with a diaphragm tray, a diaphragm and an operating rod, and the operating rod is connected with the diaphragm and used for adjusting the position of the diaphragm so as to change the size of the light transmission hole.

As shown in fig. 4, the first removing mechanism 13 controls the removal of materials, and comprises a balance plate 1301 and a fixing frame 1302, wherein the fixing frame 1302 is fixed with a box side through an inclined chute 14; the inclined chute 14 is used for controlling the normal grain transportation after the external quality measurement, and comprises a first fixing plate 1401 and a second fixing plate 1402 which are respectively fixed at the bottom of the external black camera shooting box 701 and the top of the internal black camera shooting box 1101; if abnormal grains such as color change mildew or sand grains, stones and other impurities exist in the grains, the control panel controls the first removing mechanism 13 to incline rightwards so as to convey the grains to the impurity discharging hole 9; if no abnormality occurs in the grain, the control panel controls the reject mechanism to tilt to the left so that it passes through the tilting chute 14 to be conveyed to the underlying transition device 10.

As shown in fig. 5, the displacement platform 1110 is used for controlling the transmission module to move; comprises a screw 1112, a main slide 1113 and a platform bracket 1111; the screw rod 1112 is mounted on the bracket 1111 and connected with the stepper motor 1115, the main slider 1113 is in threaded fit with the displacement platform 1110, the transmission module is mounted on the main slider 1113, the stepper motor 1115 is connected with the motor driver 1116 through a lead wire, the stepper motor 1115 is driven to rotate through the motor driver 1116, an output shaft of the stepper motor 1115 is connected with the screw rod 1112 of the displacement platform 1110 through the coupler 1114 to drive the screw rod 1112 to rotate, the main slider 1113 moves along the screw rod 1112 of the displacement platform 1110 under the action of external force, and the transmission module is fixed on the main slider 1113 and moves along with the main slider 1113, so that the reciprocating movement of the transmission module is realized.

Specific embodiment II:

an online detection, analysis and separation method for the internal and external quality of grains comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps:

s1, pouring grains to be detected into a hopper 2, uniformly spreading and conveying the grains forwards under the driving and the transmission of a vibrating motor 4 and a hopper conveying hopper 3, and separating and lapping the grains on different chute 5 channels after passing through a multichannel chute 5 so as to convey the grains to a conveying belt 6;

s2, the belt is driven by a motor to stably move according to a set speed to convey grains in a plurality of channels forwards and detect external quality through an external quality detection mechanism 7 arranged above the conveying device;

s3, triggering a photoelectric switch when the grains enter an external quality detection mechanism 7, shooting the obtained RGB image of the grains by a CCD camera 705, transmitting the shot RGB image to a control panel for image processing to perform grain counting and distinguishing, judging whether obvious abnormality or sand, stones and other impurities exist in the grains, and transmitting the result to the control panel;

s4, if abnormality such as color change mildew or sand, stone and other impurities exist, the control panel controls the first removing mechanism 13 to incline rightwards so as to convey the first removing mechanism to a waste discharge port; if the grains are not abnormal, the control panel controls the first removing mechanism 13 to incline leftwards so as to be conveyed into the inclined chute 14 and then to the transition device 10 below;

s5, the position of the transmission device is adjusted in advance through the displacement platform 1110, so that grains to be detected are located right below the hyperspectral instrument 1104; the grain will trigger the photoelectric switch when entering the internal quality detection structure 11; turning on a reflection light source 1103, and collecting a reflection hyperspectral image of a sample to be detected by a hyperspectral instrument 1104; adjusting the position of the guide rail slide block assembly 1108 according to the shape of the sample to be detected to change the distribution arrangement of the halogen lamps 704 so as to obtain proper illumination; turning on the transmission light source 1109, and the light emitted by the transmission light source 1109 becomes uniform through the scattering effect of the diffusion plate 1107 and then penetrates through grains, and the hyperspectral instrument 1104 collects a transmission hyperspectral image of the sample; counting and analyzing grains according to the reflection hyperspectral image and the transmission hyperspectral image, identifying by established multiple internal quality detection models, judging whether the grains have mildewing and other conditions, and transmitting the results to a control panel; different grain grades are defined according to the internal quality such as protein, oil and the like, the control panel controls the second removing mechanism 16 to change the discharging paths of different grains, so that the grains are driven into the grain discharging holes 12 of different grades, and the accurate detection of the internal and external quality of the grains is realized.

In summary, the present invention has the following features:

1. the on-line detection method of the internal and external quality of the grain is that the internal and external component information of the grain is perceived to the greatest extent by collecting RGB images, reflection hyperspectral images and transmission hyperspectral images of objects; the rapid, nondestructive and accurate detection and separation of grains are realized, and the problem of poor precision of the existing grain quality separation device is solved.

2. The cereal is divided into different regions through multichannel spout 5, can more materials of unloading simultaneously, and is more even, and the ability of carrying the material is stronger, and real-time detection's data is more, has solved the problem that current cereal quality sorting unit detection efficiency is low.

It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions; moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus; without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a reference structure" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises an element.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (9)

1. The utility model provides an inside and outside quality on-line measuring analysis sorter of cereal, includes frame (1), pan feeding mechanism, conveyor, quality detection mechanism, rejects mechanism, conveyer (6) and discharge mechanism, reject mechanism and reject mechanism (16) including first rejection mechanism (13) and second, pan feeding mechanism, conveyor, outside quality detection mechanism (7), first rejection mechanism (13), inside quality detection structure (11), second rejection mechanism (16) and discharge mechanism all fix at frame (1) surface, its characterized in that: the quality detection mechanism comprises an external quality detection mechanism (7) and an internal quality detection mechanism (11); the feeding mechanism comprises a feeding hopper (2), a hopper conveying hopper (3), a vibrating motor (4) and a multi-channel sliding groove (5), the conveying device is arranged at the tail end of the sliding groove (5), the sliding groove (5) is arranged between the external quality detection mechanism (7) and the internal quality detection structure (11), and the first rejecting mechanism (13) is fixed between the external quality detection mechanism (7) and the internal quality detection structure (11).

2. The grain internal and external quality on-line detection, analysis and sorting machine according to claim 1, wherein: the feeding hopper (2) is welded on the surface of the frame (1), the vibrating motor (4) is fixedly arranged on the surface of the frame (1), the hopper conveying hopper (3) is fixed at the top of the vibrating motor (4), and the multichannel sliding chute (5) is positioned at the front end of the hopper conveying hopper (3) and is fixed through a bent plate and a bolt.

3. The grain internal and external quality on-line detection, analysis and sorting machine according to claim 1, wherein: the external quality detection mechanism (7) comprises an external machine black camera (701), three CCD cameras (705), a halogen lamp (704) and a first installation transverse plate (703), wherein the first installation transverse plate (703) is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the external machine black camera (701), the halogen lamp (704) is respectively installed at four corners of the first installation transverse plate (703), the three CCD cameras (705) are vertically installed at the center of the first installation transverse plate (703), the external machine black camera (701) is installed on a conveying belt (6), and multiple rows of small holes are formed in two sides of the external machine black camera (701).

4. The grain internal and external quality on-line detection, analysis and sorting machine according to claim 1, wherein: the multichannel spout subassembly includes spout (5), spout apron, spout mounting panel, the spout mounting panel includes first mounting panel and second mounting panel again, and first mounting panel and the camera bellows bottom fixed connection of outside quality detection mechanism (7) to second mounting panel and the camera bellows bottom fixed connection of inside quality detection structure (11).

5. The grain internal and external quality on-line detection, analysis and sorting machine according to claim 1, wherein: the internal quality detection structure (11) comprises an internal machine black camera bellows (1101), an imaging device and a transmission device, wherein the imaging device comprises a light source, a hyperspectral instrument mounting plate (1102), six halogen lamps (704) and three hyperspectral instruments (1104), the transmission device comprises a displacement platform (1110) and a transmission module arranged on the displacement platform (1110), the transmission module comprises a transmission module black box (1105), a guide rail sliding block assembly (1108), a transmission light source (1109) and a diffusion plate (1107) are arranged in the transmission module black box (1105), the guide rail sliding block assembly (1108) is connected with the transmission light source (1109), the diffusion plate (1107) is arranged above the transmission light source (1109), and the light source further comprises a reflection light source (1103).

6. The grain internal and external quality on-line detecting, analyzing and sorting machine according to claim 5, wherein: the displacement platform (1110) comprises a screw rod (1112), a main sliding block (1113) and a support (1111), wherein the screw rod (1112) is arranged on the support (1111), the screw rod (1112) is connected with a stepping motor (1115), and the main sliding block (1113) is in threaded fit with the screw rod (1112) of the displacement platform (1110).

7. The grain internal and external quality on-line detecting, analyzing and sorting machine according to claim 5, wherein: the guide rail sliding block assembly (1108) comprises two longitudinal guide rails, two longitudinal guide rail sliding blocks and a transverse guide rail, wherein the longitudinal guide rails are fixed on two side walls of the black camera bellows (1101) of the internal machine, and two ends of the transverse guide rail are respectively connected with the two longitudinal guide rail sliding blocks.

8. The grain internal and external quality on-line detecting, analyzing and sorting machine according to claim 5, wherein: the top of transmission module black box (1105) is equipped with module diaphragm (1106), be provided with diaphragm tray, diaphragm and control lever on module diaphragm (1106).

9. A method based on an on-line detection, analysis and sorting machine for the internal and external quality of grains according to any of claims 1-8, comprising the steps of:

s1, pouring grains to be detected into a circular hopper, uniformly spreading and conveying the grains forwards under the driving and the transmission of a vibrating motor (4) and a hopper conveying hopper (3), and separating and lapping the grains on different chute (5) channels after passing through a multi-channel chute (5) so as to convey the grains to a conveying belt (6);

s2, the belt is driven by a stepping motor (1115) to stably move according to a set speed to convey grains in a plurality of channels forwards and detect external quality through an external quality detection mechanism (7) arranged above the conveying device;

s3, triggering a photoelectric switch when the grains enter an external quality detection mechanism (7), shooting an obtained RGB image of the grains by a CCD camera (705), transmitting the shot RGB image to a control panel for image processing to perform grain counting and distinguishing, judging whether obvious abnormality or sand, stones and other impurities exist in the grains, and transmitting the result to the control panel;

s4, if abnormality such as color change mildew or sand grains, stones and other impurities exist, the control panel controls the rejecting mechanism to incline rightwards so as to convey the rejecting mechanism to a waste material outlet; if the grain is not abnormal, the control panel controls the rejecting mechanism to incline leftwards, so that the grain is conveyed to the inner quality detecting structure (11) below;

s5, the position of the transmission device is adjusted in advance through the displacement platform (1110), so that grains to be detected are located under the hyperspectral instrument (1104);

s51, triggering a photoelectric switch when grains enter the internal quality detection structure (11); turning on a reflecting light source (1103), and collecting a reflecting hyperspectral image of a sample to be detected by a hyperspectral instrument (1104);

s52, adjusting the position of the lamp holder sliding block according to the shape of the sample to be detected, and changing the distribution arrangement of the halogen lamps (704) to obtain proper illumination;

s53, a transmission light source (1109) is turned on, light emitted by the transmission light source (1109) uniformly penetrates through grains, and a hyperspectral instrument (1104) collects a transmission hyperspectral image of a sample;

and S54, counting and analyzing the grains according to the reflected hyperspectral image and the transmitted hyperspectral image.

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