CN116322083B - Perovskite battery, photovoltaic module, photovoltaic power generation system and electric equipment - Google Patents
Perovskite battery, photovoltaic module, photovoltaic power generation system and electric equipment Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116322083B CN116322083B CN202310547446.5A CN202310547446A CN116322083B CN 116322083 B CN116322083 B CN 116322083B CN 202310547446 A CN202310547446 A CN 202310547446A CN 116322083 B CN116322083 B CN 116322083B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- perovskite
- ferroelectric
- battery
- transport layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 50
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 372
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- -1 imide compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229920006280 packaging film Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000012785 packaging film Substances 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920001609 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001125929 Trisopterus luscus Species 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002313 adhesive film Substances 0.000 description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000131 polyvinylidene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLOFNXVVMRAGLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluoroethene;1,1,2-trifluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C.FC=C(F)F XLOFNXVVMRAGLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDXWNHPWWKGTKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 207739-72-8 Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1N(C=1C=C2C3(C4=CC(=CC=C4C2=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC(OC)=CC=1)C=1C=CC(OC)=CC=1)C1=CC(=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C=C13)N(C=1C=CC(OC)=CC=1)C=1C=CC(OC)=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC(OC)=CC=1)C=1C=CC(OC)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 XDXWNHPWWKGTKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical class C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910013641 LiNbO 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001167 Poly(triaryl amine) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002396 Polyurea Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NGDCLPXRKSWRPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triptycene Chemical group C12=CC=CC=C2C2C3=CC=CC=C3C1C1=CC=CC=C12 NGDCLPXRKSWRPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FMRLDPWIRHBCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Zinc carbonate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C([O-])=O FMRLDPWIRHBCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000231 atomic layer deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AOWKSNWVBZGMTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium titanate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O AOWKSNWVBZGMTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 150000001767 cationic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000224 chemical solution deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010549 co-Evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PDZKZMQQDCHTNF-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);thiocyanate Chemical compound [Cu+].[S-]C#N PDZKZMQQDCHTNF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 1
- IBAHLNWTOIHLKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyano cyanate Chemical compound N#COC#N IBAHLNWTOIHLKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diacetone alcohol Natural products CC(=O)CC(C)(C)O SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001411 inorganic cation Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002892 organic cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000301 poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000172 poly(styrenesulfonic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001197 polyacetylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006389 polyphenyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940005642 polystyrene sulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004053 quinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium titanate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000010345 tape casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002207 thermal evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
Landscapes
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The application provides a perovskite battery, a photovoltaic module, a photovoltaic power generation system and electric equipment, and relates to the technical field of photovoltaics. The perovskite battery includes: the perovskite composite layer is positioned between the transparent basal layer and the electrode layer, the perovskite composite layer comprises a perovskite layer and a ferroelectric layer which are arranged in a laminated mode, the perovskite layer is arranged on two sides of the ferroelectric layer along the lamination direction, and the perovskite battery has better energy conversion efficiency and better open-circuit voltage.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of photovoltaics, in particular to a perovskite battery, a photovoltaic module, a photovoltaic power generation system and electric equipment.
Background
Conventional photovoltaic devices rely extensively on interface technology in solids, such as semiconductor PN junctions or schottky junctions, which limits the number of photons they can utilize during photoelectric conversion and the photovoltaic voltage produced by the bandgap of the crystalline material. The theory demonstrates that the energy conversion efficiency of these devices is theoretically limited, the so-called Shockley-Queisser (SQ) limit. How to further consider improving the energy conversion efficiency and the open circuit voltage has been the focus of research in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the application provides a perovskite battery, a photovoltaic module, a photovoltaic power generation system and electric equipment, which can solve the technical problems of low energy conversion efficiency and low open-circuit voltage of the existing photovoltaic device.
In a first aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a perovskite battery comprising: and the perovskite composite layer is positioned between the transparent basal layer and the electrode layer and comprises a perovskite layer and a ferroelectric layer which are arranged in a laminated manner, and the perovskite layer is arranged on two sides of the ferroelectric layer along the lamination direction.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, the ferroelectric layer is introduced and the arrangement mode that the ferroelectric layer is provided with the perovskite layer on both sides in the stacking direction is adopted, so that on one hand, the theoretical limit of the energy conversion efficiency of the traditional perovskite battery structure can be broken through by utilizing the bulk photovoltaic effect of the ferroelectric layer, the built-in electric field of the perovskite battery is improved, the open-circuit voltage is improved, on the other hand, the built-in electric field constructed by the ferroelectric layer can be fully utilized, the open-circuit voltage is improved, the maintenance of higher current level is facilitated, and the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery is improved.
In some embodiments, the perovskite composite layer includes two perovskite layers and one ferroelectric layer, the two perovskite layers being on either side of the ferroelectric layer. The perovskite composite layer formed by two perovskite layers and one ferroelectric layer has a simple structure, is beneficial to obtaining the perovskite composite layer with a symmetrical structure, is beneficial to fully utilizing a built-in electric field constructed by the ferroelectric layer, improves open-circuit voltage, is beneficial to keeping a higher current level, reduces the number of interfaces, is beneficial to improving the extraction and transmission of carriers and improves the energy conversion efficiency.
In some embodiments, the perovskite composite layer satisfies any one of the following conditions (a 1) - (a 3): (a1) The thickness ratio of the two perovskite layers positioned on the two sides of the ferroelectric layer is 0.57-2:1; (a2) The thickness ratio of the two perovskite layers positioned on the two sides of the ferroelectric layer is 0.57-1.75:1, and the thickness of the two perovskite layers positioned on the two sides of the ferroelectric layer is the same. The thickness ratio of the two perovskite layers is controlled, so that the open-circuit voltage and the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery are improved.
In some embodiments, the composition of the two perovskite layers on either side of the ferroelectric layer is the same. The components of the two perovskite layers positioned on the two sides of the ferroelectric layer are controlled to be identical, so that the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery is improved.
In some embodiments, at least one of the perovskite layers is a three-dimensional perovskite layer of two perovskite layers located on opposite sides of the ferroelectric layer. The energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery is improved by controlling the dimension of the perovskite layer.
In some embodiments, the perovskite layer has a thickness of 200-350nm. The perovskite light absorption layer is controlled to have reasonable thickness, so that the influence of excessive thickness or excessive thickness on the separation of carriers is relieved, and the energy conversion efficiency is improved.
In some embodiments, the ferroelectric layer satisfies any one of the following conditions (b 1) - (b 2): (b1) The thickness of the ferroelectric layer is 1-60nm, and (b 2) the thickness of the ferroelectric layer is 10-50nm. The ferroelectric layer is controlled to have reasonable thickness, so that the open-circuit voltage of the perovskite battery is improved, and the energy conversion efficiency is improved.
In some embodiments, the composition of the ferroelectric layer includes at least one of a ferroelectric polymer, an inorganic ferroelectric material, and an organic-inorganic hybrid ferroelectric material. The ferroelectric materials of the above types can be used for preparing ferroelectric layers and used in perovskite batteries, and the open circuit voltage and the conversion efficiency of the perovskite batteries are improved.
In some embodiments, a first carrier transport layer is disposed between the transparent substrate layer and the perovskite composite layer, a second carrier transport layer is disposed between the electrode layer and the perovskite composite layer, either one of the first carrier transport layer and the second carrier transport layer is an electron transport layer, and the other layer is a hole transport layer. Namely, the perovskite battery has the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer which are arranged independently of the perovskite composite layer, and the perovskite battery has good open-circuit voltage and energy conversion efficiency.
In some embodiments, a first carrier transport layer is disposed between the transparent substrate layer and the perovskite composite layer, and the electrode layer is formed on a surface of the perovskite composite layer facing away from the transparent substrate layer, where the first carrier transport layer is an electron transport layer or a hole transport layer. That is, in the perovskite battery, a first carrier transmission layer which is independently arranged with the perovskite composite layer exists between the transparent substrate layer and the perovskite composite layer, and the perovskite composite layer is used as a light absorption layer and a second carrier transmission layer, so that the perovskite battery has a simple structure and better open circuit voltage and energy conversion efficiency.
In some embodiments, a second carrier transport layer is disposed between the electrode layer and the perovskite composite layer, and the transparent substrate layer is formed on a side of the perovskite composite layer facing away from the electrode layer, the second carrier transport layer being an electron transport layer or a hole transport layer. That is, in the perovskite battery, the second carrier transmission layer which is independently arranged with the perovskite composite layer exists between the electrode layer and the perovskite composite layer, the perovskite composite layer is used as the light absorption layer and the first carrier transmission layer, and the perovskite battery has simple structure and better open circuit voltage and energy conversion efficiency.
In some embodiments, the perovskite composite layer is formed on a surface of the transparent substrate layer, and the electrode layer is formed on a side of the perovskite composite layer facing away from the transparent substrate layer. That is, there is neither an electron transport layer nor an independently arranged hole transport layer in the perovskite battery, and the perovskite composite layer is directly used as the electron transport layer, the light absorption layer and the hole transport layer, so that the perovskite battery has a simple structure and better open circuit voltage and energy conversion efficiency.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a photovoltaic module comprising the perovskite cell of the above embodiment.
In a third aspect, the present application provides a photovoltaic power generation system, which includes a plurality of photovoltaic modules electrically connected to each other in the above embodiments.
In a fourth aspect, the present application provides an electric device, which includes a plurality of photovoltaic power generation systems electrically connected to each other in the foregoing embodiments.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the present application, and is intended to be implemented in accordance with the teachings of the present application in order that the same may be more clearly understood and to make the same and other objects, features and advantages of the present application more readily apparent.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the application. Also, like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first perovskite battery according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a second perovskite battery according to an embodiment of the application;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a third perovskite battery according to an embodiment of the application;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a fourth perovskite battery according to an embodiment of the application;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present application.
Icon:
1000-photovoltaic module;
1100-battery string; 1200-front glass; 1300-front packaging adhesive film; 1400-back packaging adhesive film; 1500-back glass;
a 100-perovskite cell;
110-a transparent substrate layer; 120-a first carrier transport layer; 130-perovskite composite layer; 140-a second carrier transport layer; 150-electrode layers;
131-perovskite layer; 133-ferroelectric layer.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the technical scheme of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for more clearly illustrating the technical aspects of the present application, and thus are merely examples, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application; the terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof in the description of the application and the claims and the description of the drawings above are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion.
In the description of embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "first," "second," and the like are used merely to distinguish between different objects and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated, a particular order or a primary or secondary relationship. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more unless explicitly defined otherwise.
Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the application. The appearances of such phrases in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those of skill in the art will explicitly and implicitly appreciate that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.
In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "and/or" is merely an association relationship describing an association object, and indicates that three relationships may exist, for example, a and/or B may indicate: a exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone. In addition, the character "/" herein generally indicates that the front and rear associated objects are an "or" relationship.
In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "plurality" means two or more (including two), and similarly, "multi-layer" means two or more (including two), and "multi-sheet" means two or more (including two).
In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the technical terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience of description and simplification of the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present application.
In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured" and the like should be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; or may be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to specific circumstances.
As a green energy battery, a solar battery is widely used in view of the development of market situation. The solar battery is not only applied to a photovoltaic power generation system such as a solar power station, but also gradually applied to electric equipment such as an electric automobile. With the continuous expansion of the application field of solar cells, the market demand of the solar cells is also continuously expanding.
Perovskite solar cells have been widely studied and applied in recent years because of their advantages of high energy conversion efficiency, low power generation cost, and the like. In a perovskite solar cell, a light absorption layer is mainly composed of a perovskite material, when the perovskite layer receives sunlight irradiation, photons are firstly absorbed to generate electron-hole pairs (excitons), under the action of a p-n junction electric field, the excitons are firstly separated into electrons and holes and respectively transported to a cathode and an anode, the photo-generated holes flow to a p region, and the photo-generated electrons flow to an n region, so that a circuit is connected to form current.
However, the energy conversion efficiency of current perovskite solar cells is theoretically limited, the so-called Shockley-Queisser (SQ) limit. How to further consider improving the energy conversion efficiency and the open circuit voltage has been the focus of research in the art.
The bulk photovoltaic effect exists in the ferroelectric material, namely, the photo-generated electrons and the holes are spontaneously separated under the conditions of no external field and no space non-uniformity, so that photocurrent is generated, the photovoltaic effect irrelevant to the interface technology is expected to break the SQ limit, the energy conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic device is improved, and the photo-generated voltage exceeding the band gap of the material is obtained. But the photo-generated current of such devices is low.
Therefore, in order to solve the technical problems, the perovskite composite layer is obtained by adopting a manner that the ferroelectric layer and the perovskite layer are arranged in a layer-by-layer manner, and the perovskite layer is arranged on both sides of the ferroelectric layer, so that the open-circuit voltage of the perovskite battery can be effectively improved, the perovskite battery can be maintained at a higher current level, and the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery can be improved.
Hereinafter, the technical scheme of the present application will be exemplarily described with reference to examples.
Referring to fig. 1-4, a perovskite battery 100 according to some embodiments of the application includes: the perovskite composite layer 130 is located between the transparent base layer 110 and the electrode layer 150, the perovskite composite layer 130 includes a perovskite layer 131 and a ferroelectric layer 133 which are stacked, and both sides of the ferroelectric layer 133 in the stacking direction are perovskite layers 131.
The ferroelectric layer 133 refers to a film layer made of a ferroelectric material, and the perovskite layer 131 refers to a film layer made of perovskite. It will be appreciated that the number of ferroelectric layers 133 is n (n is greater than or equal to 1 and n is an integer, for example, n is 1, 2, or 3, etc.), and then the number of perovskite layers 131 is n+1, so that the manner in which the perovskite layers 131 and the ferroelectric layers 133 are stacked and the perovskite layers 131 are disposed on both sides of the ferroelectric layers 133 can be realized.
In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, by introducing the ferroelectric layer 133 and adopting the arrangement mode that both sides of the ferroelectric layer 133 are the perovskite layer 131, on one hand, the bulk photovoltaic effect of the ferroelectric layer 133 can be utilized to break through the theoretical limit of the energy conversion efficiency of the structure of the traditional perovskite battery 100, improve the built-in electric field of the perovskite battery 100, improve the open circuit voltage, and on the other hand, the built-in electric field constructed by the ferroelectric layer 133 can be fully utilized, improve the open circuit voltage, and be helpful to keep a higher current level, and improve the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery 100.
The perovskite solar cell 100 is generally composed of a transparent base layer 110, a first carrier transport layer 120, a perovskite light absorbing layer, a second carrier transport layer 140, an electrode layer 150, and other functional layers, wherein either one of the first carrier transport layer 120 and the second carrier transport layer 140 is a hole transport layer, and the other is an electron transport layer, and in the present application, the perovskite composite layer 130 is used as the perovskite light absorbing layer.
The transparent base layer 110 is of a type such as, but not limited to, FTO (fluorine doped SnO 2 Transparent conductive glass), ITO (indium tin oxide transparent conductive glass), AZO (aluminum-doped zinc oxide transparent conductive glass), BZO (boron-doped zinc oxide conductive glass), IZO (indium zinc oxide transparent conductive glass), and the like.
The electron transport layer uses an electron transport material such as, but not limited to, at least one of imide compounds, quinone compounds, fullerenes and derivatives thereof, metal oxides, silicon oxide, strontium titanate, calcium titanate, lithium fluoride, and calcium fluoride, wherein the metal element in the metal oxide used for the electron transport material includes at least one of Mg, cd, zn, in, pb, W, sb, bi, hg, ti, ag, mn, fe, V, sn, zr, sr, ga and Cr.
The thickness of the electron transport layer is, for example, 5-200nm.
Hole transport materials such as, but not limited to, 2', 7' -tetrakis (N, N-p-methoxyanilino) -9,9' -spirobifluorene, methoxytriphenylamine-fluoroformamidine, poly [ bis (4-phenyl) (2, 4, 6-trimethylphenyl) amine ], poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polystyrene sulfonic acid, poly 3-hexylthiophene, triphenylamine with a triptycene core, 3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene-methoxytriphenylamine, N- (4-anilino) carbazole-spirobifluorene, polythiophene, phosphate single molecules, carbazolyl single molecules, sulfonate single molecules, triphenylamine single molecules, aryl single molecules, metal oxides, and cuprous thiocyanate are used for the hole transport layer, wherein the metal element in the metal oxide selected in the hole transport material includes at least one of Ni, mo, and Cu.
The thickness of the hole transport layer is, for example, 5 to 500nm, alternatively 50 to 60nm.
The electrode layer 150 is an organic, inorganic or a mixture of organic and inorganic conductive material, and the conductive material is at least one of an organic conductive material and an inorganic conductive material, wherein the organic conductive material is a conductive polymer, and the conductive polymer includes but is not limited to at least one of polyethylene dioxythiophene (PEDOT), polythiophene and polyacetylene; the inorganic conductive material is, for example but not limited to, at least one of transparent conductive oxide, metal, carbon derivative, and specifically, ag, cu, C, au, al, ITO, AZO, BZO, IZO and the like.
Referring to fig. 1-4, in some embodiments, the perovskite composite layer 130 includes two perovskite layers 131 and one ferroelectric layer 133, with the two perovskite layers 131 being located on opposite sides of the ferroelectric layer 133.
The perovskite composite layer 130 formed by the two perovskite layers 131 and the one ferroelectric layer 133 has a simple structure, is beneficial to obtaining the perovskite composite layer 130 with a symmetrical structure, is beneficial to fully utilizing a built-in electric field constructed by the ferroelectric layer 133, improves open-circuit voltage, is beneficial to keeping a higher current level, reduces the number of interfaces, is beneficial to improving the extraction and transmission of carriers, and improves the energy conversion efficiency.
In some embodiments, the perovskite composite layer satisfies any one of the following conditions (a 1) - (a 3): (a1) The thickness ratio of the two perovskite layers positioned on the two sides of the ferroelectric layer is 0.57-2:1; (a2) The thickness ratio of the two perovskite layers positioned on the two sides of the ferroelectric layer is 0.57-1.75:1, and the thickness of the two perovskite layers positioned on the two sides of the ferroelectric layer is the same.
It is understood that the thickness of the perovskite layer 131 refers to the dimension of the perovskite layer 131 in the thickness direction of the perovskite battery 100, and the thickness direction of the perovskite battery 100 also refers to the direction in which the functional layers are stacked in order.
By controlling the thickness ratio of the two perovskite layers 131, it is advantageous to improve the open circuit voltage and the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery 100.
Illustratively, the thickness ratio of the two perovskite layers 131 located on either side of the ferroelectric layer 133 is any one of or between any two of 0.57:1, 0.58:1, 0.80:1, 1.00:1, 1.25:1, 1.50:1, 1.75:1, 1.90:1, 2.00:1.
Wherein the perovskite layer 131 has a composition of ABX 3 Perovskite, wherein A is an inorganic, organic or organic-inorganic mixed cation, B is an inorganic, organic or organic-inorganic mixed cation, and X is an inorganic, organic or organic-inorganic mixed anion.
Wherein A is inorganic, organic or organic-inorganic mixed cation, which means that A is at least one of inorganic cation and organic cation.
As an example, A is selected from CH 3 NH 3 + (abbreviated as MA) + ）、CH(NH 2 ) 2+ (abbreviated as FA + ）、Li + 、Na + 、K + 、Rb + And Cs + At least one of (a) and (b); alternatively, A is selected from CH 3 NH 3 + 、CH(NH 2 ) 2+ And Cs + At least one of them. As an example, B is selected from Pb 2+ 、Sn 2+ 、Be 2+ 、Mg 2+ 、Ca 2+ 、Sr 2+ 、Ba 2+ 、Zn 2+ 、Ge 2+ 、Fe 2+ 、Co 2+ And Ni 2+ At least one of (a) and (b); alternatively, B is selected from Pb 2+ 、Sn 2+ One or two of them. By way of example, X is selected from F - 、Cl - 、Br - And I - At least one of (a) and (b); alternatively, X is selected from Cl - 、Br - And I - At least one of them.
Optionally, the composition of perovskite layer 131 includes, but is not limited to, CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 (abbreviated MAPbI) 3 ）、CH(NH 2 ) 2 PbI 3 (abbreviated FAPbI) 3 ）、Cs 0.05 (FA 0.83 MA 0.17 ) 0.95 Pb(I 0.83 Br 0.17 ) 3 (abbreviated as CsFAMA), csPbI 3 、CsPbI 2 Br、CsPbIBr 2 At least one of them.
The composition of the two perovskite layers 131 located on both sides of the ferroelectric layer 133 may be the same or different.
In some embodiments, the two perovskite layers 131 located on either side of the ferroelectric layer 133 are the same composition.
By controlling the composition of the two perovskite layers 131 located on both sides of the ferroelectric layer 133 to be the same, it is advantageous to improve the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery 100.
The perovskite employed in the perovskite layer 131 may have a structural dimension of one dimension, three dimensions, or the like.
In some embodiments, two perovskite layers 131 are located on opposite sides of the ferroelectric layer 133, wherein at least one perovskite layer 131 is a three-dimensional perovskite layer.
The energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery 100 is advantageously improved by controlling the dimensions of the perovskite layer 131.
Optionally, the two perovskite layers 131 located on both sides of the ferroelectric layer 133 are both three-dimensional perovskite layers.
In some embodiments, the perovskite layer 131 has a thickness of 200-350nm.
The perovskite light absorption layer is controlled to have reasonable thickness, so that the influence of excessive thickness or excessive thickness on the separation of carriers is relieved, and the energy conversion efficiency is improved.
Illustratively, the perovskite layer 131 has a thickness of any one of 200nm, 220nm, 240nm, 250nm, 270nm, 300nm, 330nm, 350nm or between any two values.
In some embodiments, the ferroelectric layer satisfies any one of the following conditions (b 1) - (b 2): (b1) The thickness of the ferroelectric layer is 1-60nm, and (b 2) the thickness of the ferroelectric layer is 10-50nm.
By controlling the ferroelectric layer 133 to have a reasonable thickness, it is advantageous to improve the open circuit voltage of the perovskite battery 100 and to improve the energy conversion efficiency.
Illustratively, the ferroelectric layer 133 has a thickness of any one or between any two of 1nm, 5nm, 10nm, 15 nm, 20nm, 25 nm, 30nm, 35nm, 40nm, 45nm, 50nm, 55 nm, 60nm.
In some embodiments, the composition of ferroelectric layer 133 includes at least one of a ferroelectric polymer, an inorganic ferroelectric material, and an organic-inorganic hybrid ferroelectric material.
Each of the above-described types of ferroelectric materials can be used in the perovskite battery 100 while preparing the ferroelectric layer 133, thereby improving the open circuit voltage and conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery 100.
Optionally, the ferroelectric polymer comprises at least one of polyvinylidene fluoride, poly (vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene), poly (vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene), polytetrafluoroethylene, nylon having an odd number of carbon atoms, polyacrylonitrile, polyimide, polyvinylidenediic, polyurea, polyphenyl cyanoether, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polypropylene, and derivatives of the respective components.
Optionally, the organic-inorganic hybrid ferroelectric material comprises (C 6 H 11 NH 2 ) 2 PbBr 4 。
Optionally, the composition of the inorganic ferroelectric material comprises CuInP 2 S 6 、CaTiO 3 、BaTiO 3 、PbZrO 3 、PbTiO 3 、PbZrO 3 、ZnTiO 3 、BaZrO 3 、BiFeO 3 、Pb(Zn 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 、Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 、(Na 1/2 Bi 1/2 )TiO 3 、(K 1/ 2 Bi 1/2 )TiO 3 、LiNbO 3 、KNbO 3 、KTaO 3 、KH 2 PO 4 、LiNiO 2 、KNiO 2 、Pb(Zr 1-x Ti x )O 3 、(La y Pb 1-y ) (Zr 1- x Ti x )O 3 、(1-x)[Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 ]-x[PbTiO 3 ]、Pb(Sr x Ta 1-x )O 3 、Ba x Sr 1-x TiO 3 And at least one of the derivatives of each component, wherein x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, and y is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1;
since the ferroelectric layer 133 has a certain carrier transporting effect on both sides of the perovskite layer 131 in the stacking direction in the present application, it can be determined whether to provide the first carrier transporting layer 120 and the second carrier transporting layer 140 according to actual requirements.
Referring to fig. 1, in some embodiments, a first carrier transport layer 120 is disposed between the transparent substrate layer 110 and the perovskite composite layer 130, a second carrier transport layer 140 is disposed between the electrode layer 150 and the perovskite composite layer 130, and any one of the first carrier transport layer 120 and the second carrier transport layer 140 is an electron transport layer, and the other is a hole transport layer.
At this time, the perovskite battery 100 includes the transparent base layer 110, the first carrier transport layer 120, the perovskite composite layer 130, the second carrier transport layer 140, and the electrode layer 150, which are sequentially stacked, wherein any one of the first carrier transport layer 120 and the second carrier transport layer 140 is an electron transport layer, and the other is a hole transport layer, that is, the perovskite battery 100 has the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer which are separately provided from the perovskite composite layer 130, and the perovskite battery 100 has excellent open circuit voltage and energy conversion efficiency.
The perovskite battery 100 manufacturing process illustratively includes: step 1: etching and cleaning the transparent substrate layer 110, and drying for later use; step 2: preparing a first carrier transport layer 120 on the front surface of the transparent substrate layer 110 for use; step 3: preparing a perovskite composite layer 130 on the front surface of the first carrier transport layer 120 for later use; step 4: preparing a second carrier transport layer 140 on the front side of the perovskite composite layer 130 for later use; step 5: preparing an electrode layer 150 on the front surface of the second carrier transport layer 140, step 6: the perovskite battery 100 prepared by step 5 is applied with a constant current voltage source to a forward ferroelectric polarization directed from the electrode layer 150 to the transparent conductive substrate and perpendicular to the surface of the perovskite battery 100, wherein the applied electric field > the ferroelectric coercive field of the ferroelectric material.
It will be appreciated that the preparation methods of the above layers include, but are not limited to, any one of chemical bath deposition, electrochemical deposition, chemical vapor deposition, physical epitaxial growth, thermal vapor co-evaporation, atomic layer deposition, magnetron sputtering, precursor liquid coating, precursor liquid slit coating, precursor liquid knife coating, etc., and may be selected according to practical requirements, and besides the above arrangement, a mechanical lamination method may be used to form at least two functional layers connected to each other at a time.
Alternatively, the preparation method of each layer is a thermal evaporation method or a precursor liquid coating method, wherein the precursor liquid coating method can be a spin coating method.
The method for preparing the perovskite battery 100 by combining the precursor liquid coating method and the vacuum evaporation method comprises the following steps:
spin-coating a first carrier transport layer 120 paste on the front surface of the cleaned transparent substrate layer 110, then drying at, for example, 100-200 ℃ on a constant temperature heat table to obtain a first carrier transport layer 120, then preparing a perovskite composite layer 130 on the surface of the first carrier transport layer 120, spin-coating a second carrier transport layer 140 paste on the front surface of the perovskite composite layer 130, drying to obtain a transparent substrate layer with a second carrier transport layer 140, and then drying in a vacuum coater at 5×10 -4 An electrode layer 150 is deposited on the front surface of the second carrier transport layer 140 under vacuum conditions Pa.
In the process of preparing the first and second carrier transport layers 120 and 140, spin coating is performed at a rotation speed of 4000rpm to 6500 rpm when an electron transport layer is prepared, and spin coating is performed at a rotation speed of 3000rpm to 4000rpm when a hole transport layer is prepared.
In the step of preparing the perovskite composite layer 130, the paste is spin-coated at 3000rpm to 4500 rpm and dried to obtain the perovskite layer 131, and the paste is spin-coated at 3000rpm to 5000 rpm and dried to obtain the ferroelectric layer 133.
Referring to fig. 2, in some embodiments, a first carrier transport layer 120 is disposed between the transparent substrate layer 110 and the perovskite composite layer 130, and an electrode layer 150 is formed on a surface of the perovskite composite layer 130 facing away from the transparent substrate layer 110, wherein the first carrier transport layer 120 is an electron transport layer or a hole transport layer.
At this time, the perovskite battery 100 includes a transparent base layer 110, a first carrier transport layer 120, a perovskite composite layer 130, and an electrode layer 150, which are sequentially stacked. That is, in the perovskite battery 100, the first carrier transport layer 120, which is independent from the perovskite composite layer 130, is provided between the transparent substrate layer 110 and the perovskite composite layer 130, and the perovskite composite layer 130 is used as the light absorption layer and the second carrier transport layer 140, so that the perovskite battery has a simple structure and better open circuit voltage and energy conversion efficiency.
Referring to fig. 3, in some embodiments, a second carrier transport layer 140 is disposed between the electrode layer 150 and the perovskite composite layer 130, and the transparent substrate layer 110 is formed on a surface of the perovskite composite layer 130 facing away from the electrode layer 150, where the second carrier transport layer 140 is an electron transport layer or a hole transport layer.
At this time, the perovskite battery 100 includes the transparent substrate layer 110, the perovskite composite layer 130, the second carrier transport layer 140 and the electrode layer 150 which are sequentially stacked, that is, in the perovskite battery 100, the second carrier transport layer 140 which is independently provided independently of the perovskite composite layer 130 is provided between the electrode layer 150 and the perovskite composite layer 130, and the perovskite composite layer 130 is used as the light absorbing layer and the first carrier transport layer 120, so that the perovskite battery 100 has a simple structure and better open circuit voltage and energy conversion efficiency.
Referring to fig. 4, in some embodiments, the perovskite composite layer 130 is formed on the surface of the transparent substrate layer 110, and the electrode layer 150 is formed on a side of the perovskite composite layer 130 facing away from the transparent substrate layer 110.
At this time, the perovskite battery 100 includes the transparent substrate layer 110, the perovskite composite layer 130, and the electrode layer 150 which are sequentially stacked, that is, there is neither an electron transport layer independently provided with the perovskite composite layer 130 nor a hole transport layer independently provided in the perovskite battery 100, and the perovskite composite layer 130 is directly used as the electron transport layer, the light absorption layer, and the hole transport layer, which has a simple structure and better open circuit voltage and energy conversion efficiency.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, in some exemplary embodiments of the present application, the perovskite battery 100 includes a transparent substrate layer 110, a first carrier transport layer 120, a perovskite composite layer 130, a second carrier transport layer 140, and an electrode layer 150, which are sequentially stacked, wherein any one of the first carrier transport layer 120 and the second carrier transport layer 140 is an electron transport layer, and the other is a hole transport layer. The perovskite composite layer 130 includes two perovskite layers 131 and one ferroelectric layer 133, and the two perovskite layers 131 are respectively located at both sides of the ferroelectric layer 133.
Referring to fig. 5, the present application also provides a photovoltaic module 1000 including the perovskite cell 100 provided in any one of the above aspects according to some embodiments of the present application.
The photovoltaic module 1000 refers to a solar cell module, i.e., an integral module comprising a plurality of perovskite cells 100. Wherein, a plurality of battery strings 1100 are included, each battery string 1100 includes a plurality of perovskite batteries 100 connected in series by a connector such as a solder strip.
The photovoltaic module 1000 includes, in addition to the cell string 1100, a front glass 1200, a front packaging film 1300, a back packaging film 1400, a back glass 1500, and the like, and the photovoltaic module 1000 includes, as an example, the front glass 1200, the front packaging film 1300, the cell string 1100, the back packaging film 1400, and the back glass 1500, which are sequentially stacked in the thickness direction.
According to some embodiments of the present application, the present application further provides a photovoltaic power generation system, which includes a plurality of photovoltaic modules electrically connected.
A number refers to the number of two or more integers.
The photovoltaic power generation System is a power generation System for directly converting solar radiation energy into electric energy by utilizing photovoltaic effect and is divided into an independent photovoltaic power generation System (Stand-alone PV System) and a Grid-connected photovoltaic power generation System (Grid-connected PV System), wherein the independent photovoltaic power generation System consists of a solar photovoltaic array formed by photovoltaic modules, a storage battery pack, a charging controller, a power electronic converter (inverter), a load and the like, and the Grid-connected photovoltaic power generation System consists of a photovoltaic array, a high-frequency DC/DC boosting circuit, a power electronic converter (inverter) and a System monitoring part.
According to some embodiments of the present application, there is also provided an electric device, including the photovoltaic power generation system provided by the above scheme, and the photovoltaic power generation system is used for providing electric energy for the electric device.
The electric equipment can be in various forms, such as electric automobiles, ships, spacecrafts, solar water heaters, solar energy and the like.
The power supply mode of the electric equipment can be single power supply of the photovoltaic module, or the power supply mode can be matched with the power supply of the photovoltaic module and the energy storage battery, namely, the electric equipment is provided with the photovoltaic module and the energy storage battery at the same time. The energy storage battery is not limited to primary and secondary batteries, such as, but not limited to, lithium ion secondary batteries, sodium ion secondary batteries, and the like.
The following examples are set forth to better illustrate the application.
Example 1
1) The surface of FTO conductive glass with specification of 2.0 cm ×2.0 cm was washed with acetone and isopropyl alcohol in this order for 2 times, immersed in deionized water, sonicated for 10 min, dried in a forced air drying oven, and then placed in a glove box (N 2 Atmosphere), as a transparent base layer.
2) Preparing an electron transport layer (as a first carrier transport layer): spin-coating 3wt.% SnO on the FTO layer at 4000-6500 rpm 2 The nano colloid solution is heated for 15min at 150 ℃ on a constant temperature heat table, and the electron transport layer with the thickness of 50nm is prepared.
3) Preparing a perovskite composite layer comprising:
preparing a first perovskite layer: spin-coating 1.2 mol/L FAPbI on the resulting electron transport layer at a speed of 3000rpm to 4500 rpm 3 After that, the solution was transferred to a constant temperature heat stage, heated at 100℃for 30 minutes, and cooled to room temperature, to form a perovskite layer having a thickness of 300. 300nm as a first perovskite layer.
Preparing a ferroelectric layer: spin-coating 5 mg/mL CuInP on the obtained first perovskite layer at a speed of 3000-5000 rpm 2 S 6 The nano-colloid solution was then transferred to a constant temperature hot stage, heated at 100 ℃ for 30 min, and cooled to room temperature to form ferroelectric layer 133 having a thickness of 20 a nm a.
Preparing a second perovskite layer: at a speed of 3000rpm to 4500 rpmSpin-coating 1.2 mol/L FAPbI on the resulting ferroelectric layer 3 And then transferred to a constant temperature heat stage, heated at 100 ℃ for 30 min, cooled to room temperature, and then a perovskite layer with a thickness of 300nm is formed as a second perovskite layer.
4) Preparing a charge transport layer (as a second carrier transport layer):
spin-coating a chlorobenzene solution of Spiro-OMeTAD with a concentration of 73 mg/mL on the second perovskite layer at a speed of 3000-4000 rpm, and drying to obtain a hole transport layer with a thickness of 150 nm.
5) Preparing an electrode layer:
placing the sample obtained in the step 4) into a vacuum coating machine, and placing the sample into a vacuum coating machine at a temperature of 5 multiplied by 10 -4 An Ag electrode was vapor-deposited on the surface of the hole transport layer obtained under the vacuum condition of Pa at a vapor deposition rate of 0.1 Angstrom/s to prepare an Ag electrode having a thickness of 80. 80 nm as an electrode layer.
6) Electric field polarization: and at the temperature of 80-150 ℃, applying an external electric field to the sample prepared in the step 5), wherein the electric field strength E is less than or equal to 20 kV/mm, the electric field direction is perpendicular to the plane of the sample substrate, and the electron transport layer points to the hole transport layer.
The perovskite solar cell of example 1 was thus obtained.
Examples 2 to 14 and comparative examples 1 to 2
The differences between examples 2-14 and comparative examples 1-2 are shown in Table 1.
Wherein, the structures of the embodiments 1, 5-14 are shown in fig. 1, the structure of the embodiment 2 is shown in fig. 2, the structure of the embodiment 3 is shown in fig. 3, and the structure of the embodiment 4 is shown in fig. 4.
The perovskite batteries prepared in examples 1 to 14 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were measured for energy conversion efficiency under the following test conditions:
under the atmospheric environment, the solar simulation light source uses an AM1.5G standard light source, and a four-channel digital source meter (Keithley 2440) is used for measuring the volt-ampere characteristic curve of the battery under the irradiation of the light source to obtain the open-circuit voltage Voc, the short-circuit current density Jsc and the filling factor FF (Fill Factor) of the perovskite battery, so that the energy conversion efficiency Eff (Efficiency) of the battery is calculated.
The energy conversion efficiency is calculated as follows: eff=pout/Popt
= Voc×Jsc×(Vmpp×Jmpp)/(Voc×Jsc)
The values of Pout, popt, vmpp, jmpp are the battery operating output power, the incident light power, the battery maximum power point voltage and the maximum power point current, respectively.
The results are shown in Table 2.
Table 1 parameters for distinction
Table 2 test results
According to examples 1 to 14 and comparative examples 1 and 2, it can be seen that the perovskite battery provided by the application can effectively improve the open circuit voltage while improving the energy conversion efficiency.
According to the embodiment 1, the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 2, on the premise that the total perovskite thickness is 600nm, the open circuit voltage is not improved in the comparative example 2 compared with the comparative example 1, the energy conversion efficiency is little increased, and the open circuit voltage is effectively improved in the embodiment 1 compared with the comparative examples 1 and 2 while the energy conversion efficiency is effectively improved in the double-sided arrangement mode.
According to the embodiments 1 to 4, on the premise that the perovskite composite layer provided by the application is provided in the perovskite battery, the perovskite battery has better open circuit voltage and energy conversion efficiency no matter whether the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer are arranged or not, that is, the perovskite composite layer provided by the application has the functions of both the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer. According to examples 5 and 6, it can be seen that as long as the perovskite thickness ratio is the same on both sides, the final open circuit voltage and the energy conversion efficiency are the same regardless of whether the thick side is facing the hole transport layer or the electron transport layer.
From examples 1, 5-9, it is seen that the thickness ratio of the two perovskite layers located on both sides of the perovskite will affect the open circuit voltage and the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite cell. When the thickness ratio of the two perovskite layers positioned on two sides of the perovskite is 0.57-2:1, the perovskite battery has better open-circuit voltage and energy conversion efficiency, and can be selected to be 0.57-1.75:1, and the perovskite battery has better open-circuit voltage and energy conversion efficiency.
From examples 1, 10-14, it can be seen that the thickness of the ferroelectric layer can affect the open circuit voltage and the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery. Alternatively, the perovskite battery has better open circuit voltage and energy conversion efficiency when the thickness of the ferroelectric layer is between 1 and 60nm, and has better open circuit voltage and energy conversion efficiency when the thickness of the ferroelectric layer is between 10 and 50nm.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the application, and are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims and description. In particular, the technical features mentioned in the respective embodiments may be combined in any manner as long as there is no structural conflict. The present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but encompasses all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.
Claims (13)
1. A perovskite battery, comprising: the perovskite composite layer is positioned between the transparent basal layer and the electrode layer, and comprises a perovskite layer and a ferroelectric layer which are arranged in a lamination way, wherein the surfaces of the two sides of the ferroelectric layer along the lamination direction are both the perovskite layer, the ferroelectric layer is a film layer prepared from ferroelectric materials, the perovskite layer is a three-dimensional perovskite layer, and the components of the perovskite layer are ABX 3 A perovskite type, wherein X is selected from at least one of F-, cl-, br-, and I-; the thickness of each perovskite layer is 200-350nm.
2. The perovskite battery of claim 1, wherein the perovskite composite layer comprises two perovskite layers and one ferroelectric layer, the two perovskite layers being located on either side of the ferroelectric layer.
3. The perovskite battery of claim 2, wherein the perovskite composite layer satisfies any one of the following conditions (a 1) - (a 3):
(a1) The thickness ratio of the two perovskite layers positioned on two sides of the ferroelectric layer is 0.57-2:1;
(a2) The thickness ratio of the two perovskite layers positioned on two sides of the ferroelectric layer is 0.57-1.75:1;
(a3) The thickness of the two perovskite layers positioned on two sides of the ferroelectric layer is the same.
4. The perovskite battery of claim 2, wherein the two perovskite layers on either side of the ferroelectric layer are the same composition.
5. The perovskite battery according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the ferroelectric layer satisfies any one of the following conditions (b 1) to (b 2):
(b1) The thickness of the ferroelectric layer is 1-60nm;
(b2) The thickness of the ferroelectric layer is 10-50nm.
6. The perovskite battery of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the composition of the ferroelectric layer comprises at least one of a ferroelectric polymer, an inorganic ferroelectric material, and an organic-inorganic hybrid ferroelectric material.
7. The perovskite battery of any one of claims 1-4, wherein a first carrier transport layer is provided between the transparent substrate layer and the perovskite composite layer, a second carrier transport layer is provided between the electrode layer and the perovskite composite layer, any one of the first carrier transport layer and the second carrier transport layer is an electron transport layer, and the other layer is a hole transport layer.
8. The perovskite battery of any one of claims 1-4, wherein a first carrier transport layer is disposed between the transparent substrate layer and the perovskite composite layer, the electrode layer is formed on a side of the perovskite composite layer facing away from the transparent substrate layer, and the first carrier transport layer is an electron transport layer or a hole transport layer.
9. The perovskite battery of any one of claims 1-4, wherein a second carrier transport layer is disposed between the electrode layer and the perovskite composite layer, the transparent substrate layer is formed on a side of the perovskite composite layer facing away from the electrode layer, and the second carrier transport layer is an electron transport layer or a hole transport layer.
10. The perovskite battery of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the perovskite composite layer is formed on a surface of the transparent substrate layer, and the electrode layer is formed on a side of the perovskite composite layer facing away from the transparent substrate layer.
11. A photovoltaic module comprising a perovskite cell according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
12. A photovoltaic power generation system comprising a plurality of electrically connected photovoltaic modules according to claim 11.
13. An electrical consumer comprising a plurality of electrically connected photovoltaic power generation systems according to claim 12.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310547446.5A CN116322083B (en) | 2023-05-16 | 2023-05-16 | Perovskite battery, photovoltaic module, photovoltaic power generation system and electric equipment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310547446.5A CN116322083B (en) | 2023-05-16 | 2023-05-16 | Perovskite battery, photovoltaic module, photovoltaic power generation system and electric equipment |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN116322083A CN116322083A (en) | 2023-06-23 |
| CN116322083B true CN116322083B (en) | 2023-11-24 |
Family
ID=86789089
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310547446.5A Active CN116322083B (en) | 2023-05-16 | 2023-05-16 | Perovskite battery, photovoltaic module, photovoltaic power generation system and electric equipment |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN116322083B (en) |
Citations (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR19990041449A (en) * | 1997-11-21 | 1999-06-15 | 윤종용 | How to make a jetty thin film |
| US6333066B1 (en) * | 1997-11-21 | 2001-12-25 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Method for forming PZT thin film using seed layer |
| CN101367671A (en) * | 2008-09-12 | 2009-02-18 | 济南大学 | Leadless double-layer ferro-electricity compound film for high temperature piezoelectric device and method of manufacturing the same |
| CN102875145A (en) * | 2012-09-29 | 2013-01-16 | 中国科学技术大学 | Layered perovskite structural ceramic and preparation method thereof |
| CN105355714A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2016-02-24 | 南京理工大学 | Double-layer perovskite film with ferroelectric and semiconductor photovoltaic effects |
| CN105762273A (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2016-07-13 | 天津理工大学 | Magnetoelectric storage unit based on double-layer ferroelectric film, and preparation method for magnetoelectric storage unit |
| CN106067515A (en) * | 2016-08-11 | 2016-11-02 | 重庆科技学院 | Ferroelectric perovskite composite solar battery and preparation method thereof |
| CN109234679A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2019-01-18 | 内蒙古科技大学 | A kind of bilayer PNZST perovskite is anti-ferroelectric thin film used and preparation method thereof |
| CN112736200A (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2021-04-30 | 苏州大学张家港工业技术研究院 | Laminated battery and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN213905376U (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-08-06 | 赛维Ldk太阳能高科技(新余)有限公司 | Laminated solar cell |
| CN114171682A (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-03-11 | 华东师范大学 | Ferroelectric-regulated artificial photosynaptic device with two lead-free perovskite ends and preparation method thereof |
| CN114759143A (en) * | 2022-04-20 | 2022-07-15 | 北京化工大学 | Photoelectric detector based on ferroelectric p-i-n junction and preparation method thereof |
| CN114784198A (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2022-07-22 | 浙江爱旭太阳能科技有限公司 | Efficient perovskite solar cell, cell module, cell device and preparation method thereof |
| CN114784197A (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2022-07-22 | 浙江爱旭太阳能科技有限公司 | Preparation method of carbon electrode mesoscopic perovskite battery, assembly and power generation system |
| CN114843407A (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2022-08-02 | 浙江爱旭太阳能科技有限公司 | Ferroelectric material modified composite perovskite solar cell and preparation method thereof |
| CN115295658A (en) * | 2022-08-25 | 2022-11-04 | 合肥工业大学 | Solvation-free all-inorganic perovskite solar cell and preparation method thereof |
-
2023
- 2023-05-16 CN CN202310547446.5A patent/CN116322083B/en active Active
Patent Citations (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6333066B1 (en) * | 1997-11-21 | 2001-12-25 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Method for forming PZT thin film using seed layer |
| KR19990041449A (en) * | 1997-11-21 | 1999-06-15 | 윤종용 | How to make a jetty thin film |
| CN101367671A (en) * | 2008-09-12 | 2009-02-18 | 济南大学 | Leadless double-layer ferro-electricity compound film for high temperature piezoelectric device and method of manufacturing the same |
| CN102875145A (en) * | 2012-09-29 | 2013-01-16 | 中国科学技术大学 | Layered perovskite structural ceramic and preparation method thereof |
| CN105355714A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2016-02-24 | 南京理工大学 | Double-layer perovskite film with ferroelectric and semiconductor photovoltaic effects |
| CN105762273A (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2016-07-13 | 天津理工大学 | Magnetoelectric storage unit based on double-layer ferroelectric film, and preparation method for magnetoelectric storage unit |
| CN106067515A (en) * | 2016-08-11 | 2016-11-02 | 重庆科技学院 | Ferroelectric perovskite composite solar battery and preparation method thereof |
| CN109234679A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2019-01-18 | 内蒙古科技大学 | A kind of bilayer PNZST perovskite is anti-ferroelectric thin film used and preparation method thereof |
| CN213905376U (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-08-06 | 赛维Ldk太阳能高科技(新余)有限公司 | Laminated solar cell |
| CN112736200A (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2021-04-30 | 苏州大学张家港工业技术研究院 | Laminated battery and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114171682A (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-03-11 | 华东师范大学 | Ferroelectric-regulated artificial photosynaptic device with two lead-free perovskite ends and preparation method thereof |
| CN114784198A (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2022-07-22 | 浙江爱旭太阳能科技有限公司 | Efficient perovskite solar cell, cell module, cell device and preparation method thereof |
| CN114784197A (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2022-07-22 | 浙江爱旭太阳能科技有限公司 | Preparation method of carbon electrode mesoscopic perovskite battery, assembly and power generation system |
| CN114843407A (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2022-08-02 | 浙江爱旭太阳能科技有限公司 | Ferroelectric material modified composite perovskite solar cell and preparation method thereof |
| CN114759143A (en) * | 2022-04-20 | 2022-07-15 | 北京化工大学 | Photoelectric detector based on ferroelectric p-i-n junction and preparation method thereof |
| CN115295658A (en) * | 2022-08-25 | 2022-11-04 | 合肥工业大学 | Solvation-free all-inorganic perovskite solar cell and preparation method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN116322083A (en) | 2023-06-23 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Ke et al. | Efficient fully-vacuum-processed perovskite solar cells using copper phthalocyanine as hole selective layers | |
| Liu et al. | Organic–inorganic halide perovskite based solar cells–revolutionary progress in photovoltaics | |
| KR101117127B1 (en) | Tandem solar cell using amorphous silicon solar cell and organic solar cell | |
| CN110600614B (en) | Tunneling junction structure of perovskite/perovskite two-end laminated solar cell | |
| CN116156905B (en) | Functional layer, solar cell, and electricity device | |
| Xu et al. | Optimizing solution-processed C60 electron transport layer in planar perovskite solar cells by interfacial modification with solid-state ionic-liquids | |
| Shahiduzzaman et al. | Enhanced photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells via modification of surface characteristics using a fullerene interlayer | |
| WO2024066584A1 (en) | Perovskite cell, photovoltaic module, photovoltaic power generation system, and electric device | |
| Ubani et al. | Moving into the domain of perovskite sensitized solar cell | |
| KR20230147195A (en) | Perovskite-based multi-junction solar cells and methods for producing the same | |
| Shirahata et al. | Photovoltaic properties of Cu-doped CH3NH3PbI3 with perovskite structure | |
| Liu et al. | Ni nanobelts induced enhancement of hole transport and collection for high efficiency and ambient stable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells | |
| Sanap et al. | Exploring vanadium-chalcogenides toward solar cell application: A review | |
| CN116367686B (en) | Perovskite photovoltaic cell, perovskite photovoltaic cell assembly and electricity utilization device | |
| CN102983009A (en) | Flexible photo-anode of dye-sensitized solar cell based on zinc oxide nano-sheet and preparation of flexible photo-anode of dye-sensitized solar cell based on zinc oxide nano-sheet | |
| KR20210136418A (en) | Perovskite/Gallium Arsenide tandem type solar cell and preparation method thereof | |
| CN116322083B (en) | Perovskite battery, photovoltaic module, photovoltaic power generation system and electric equipment | |
| CN111446368A (en) | Perovskite photovoltaic device and manufacturing method thereof | |
| KR20140012224A (en) | Tandem solar cells comprising a transparent conducting intermediate layer and fabrication methods thereof | |
| CN116261337B (en) | Perovskite battery, photovoltaic module, photovoltaic power generation system and electric equipment | |
| US11798704B2 (en) | Perovskite radiovoltaic-photovoltaic battery | |
| Mozaffari et al. | A novel perovskite solar cell comprising CsPbI2Br/Cs2SnI6 (CsGeI3) cascade absorbing bilayer and Cr2O3 electron transport material: A theoretical comparison study | |
| JP2019175919A (en) | Photoelectric conversion element and solar cell module | |
| CN219679160U (en) | Photovoltaic cell | |
| Kumar et al. | A diverse outlook on the performance of perovskite solar cells to meet the energy demand |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |