CN116318359A - Multi-beam satellite beam hopping method based on spectrum sharing and oriented to star-earth fusion network - Google Patents
Multi-beam satellite beam hopping method based on spectrum sharing and oriented to star-earth fusion network Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a multi-beam satellite beam hopping method based on spectrum sharing for a star-earth fusion network. In a star-to-ground converged network, the traffic demand of the terrestrial cells varies dynamically in space and time. Meanwhile, the satellite network and the ground network share the same spectrum resource, so that the available spectrum resource of the satellite terminal is not fixed in size any more. The invention introduces spectrum sharing to assist in the design of the beam hopping scheme, so as to adapt to the flow demand and the simultaneous change condition of available spectrum resources in space-time dimension. The frequency spectrum sharing-based beam hopping algorithm provided by the invention can reduce the multiple access interference of the system to a certain extent and improve the reliability of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of radio, and particularly relates to a multi-beam satellite beam hopping method based on spectrum sharing for a star-ground fusion network.
Background
In order to meet the communication requirements of global seamless coverage and access at any time and any place, the integration of a satellite communication system into a ground communication network to form a satellite-ground integrated communication network has become a development trend of a wireless communication system. In order to better utilize satellite resources, satellite multi-beam technology has been widely used in a satellite-ground fusion network. The multi-beam satellite utilizes the precoding technology to simply and efficiently generate a plurality of spot beams with small coverage range and high gain, and greatly enhances the channel capacity and the service quality of the satellite-to-spot communication link. In addition, the multi-beam satellite introduces frequency multiplexing and polarization multiplexing technology among spot beams, and service beams with different frequencies and polarizations are provided for adjacent beam cells, so that the same-frequency interference among the beams is reduced, and the service quality is improved while the full coverage of the beams is completed. Further, in view of the fact that the traffic demands of the ground cells in the satellite-ground fusion network have distribution non-uniformity and time variability, the beam hopping technique is introduced as a promising technique. However, the satellite-ground convergence network allows the ground terminals and satellite terminals to share the same spectrum resources, which are available to the satellite system to be adjusted at any time according to the resources already occupied by the ground network. The existing beam scheduling algorithm generally allocates satellite beams according to the requirements of the terminal, and ignores the dynamic change of the available spectrum resources of the satellite, which leads to the fact that the existing beam scheduling algorithm is not applicable to the scene of the requirements and dynamic rapid change at the same time. Therefore, a new beam-hopping method needs to be explored to accommodate new scenarios where the satellite-ground fusion network spectrum resources and traffic demands dynamically change in space and time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a multi-beam satellite beam hopping method based on spectrum sharing for a satellite-ground fusion network. In a star-to-ground converged network, the traffic demand of the terrestrial cells varies dynamically in space and time. Meanwhile, the satellite network and the ground network share the same spectrum resource, so that the available spectrum resource of the satellite terminal is not fixed in size any more. The invention introduces spectrum sharing to assist in the design of the beam hopping scheme, so as to adapt to the flow demand and the simultaneous change condition of available spectrum resources in space-time dimension.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme, and provides a multi-beam satellite beam hopping method based on spectrum sharing for a satellite-ground fusion network, which comprises the following steps:
step one: the satellite control center firstly analyzes the flow demands of the ground N wave beam cells in a certain time slot, and presumes that the satellite knows the service distribution T of each cell on the ground of the current time slot through a control channel 1 × N ＝{T 1 ,T 2 ,…T n ,…T N }, T therein n The number of the terminals which are requested to be accessed by the nth cell is represented, and the number of the accessed terminals of the cell represents the cell flow demand;
step two: the ground network and the satellite network share the same frequency spectrum resource, and the satellite terminals cooperatively capture the state information of the ground terminals in the surrounding environment and detect the frequency spectrum holes in real time;
step three: in a centralized cooperative spectrum sensing mode, a satellite terminal obtains the spectrum use condition of a ground terminal, reports the sensing result to a unified fusion center, and the available carrier number of a ground cell in the current time slot is recorded as C 1×N ＝{C 1 ,C 2 ,…C n ,…C N }；
Step four: in one time slot, the satellite control center comprehensively analyzes the flow demand of the ground cell and the available frequency spectrum resource of the current time slot, and allocates proper beams to serve the ground cell, each satellite narrow beam can serve one cell, the satellite beams adopt a time division multiplexing mode, and each time slot activates part of the beams to serve the ground part of the cells;
step five: in the next time slot, the satellite control center adjusts a beam allocation strategy according to the change of the frequency spectrum resource and the terminal demand;
step six: in the satellite-ground fusion network, a satellite control center and a ground base station cooperate to enable a satellite terminal and a ground terminal to share the same frequency spectrum resource;
step seven: when the satellite control center distributes the wave beam to the ground cell according to the flow demand and the available resource quantity, the satellite terminal of the cell covered by the wave beam needs to be accessed into the satellite network to complete communication; the satellite terminal adopts a power domain non-orthogonal multiple access NOMA; taking the downlink as a dual user NOMA as an example, satellites as signalsThe transmitting end sets a proper power configuration factor a 1 、a 2 And then, transmitting a time-frequency domain superposition signal to the user 1 and the user 2, wherein the signal is expressed as,
the received signal of the ground terminal is then represented as,
y 1 ＝h 1 x+n 1 ,
y 2 ＝h 2 x+n 2 ,
wherein h is 1 、h 2 Is channel, n 1 、n 2 Is the channel additive white noise:
and is also provided with
SIC is realized at the receiving end according to the principle of NOMA power distribution in the power domain, and the power distributed by the transmitting end to the users with weak channel condition is higher than that of the users with strong channel condition, namely a 1 ＜a 2 ；
Step eight: in the downlink, a user is used as a signal receiving end, has a SIC processing function, and because of good channel conditions, a user 1 firstly demodulates a signal of a user 2 with high power, eliminates the signal of the user 2 after reconstruction, demodulates and extracts the signal of the user 1; the user 2 directly processes the user 1 signal as noise due to poor channel conditions, and extracts own signals; after successful demodulation, reconstruction and cancellation of user 2 signal by user 1, i.e. the SIC processing is completed, the user communication capacities are respectively,
further, the spectrum sharing mode comprises superposition spectrum access, bottom spectrum access and hybrid access.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) Aiming at a star-ground fusion network scene, a non-uniform distribution and time-varying resource model and a flow demand model of the star-ground fusion network are established, wherein a ground terminal is regarded as a main user, and a satellite terminal is regarded as a secondary user (a perception terminal).
(2) In a satellite-ground fusion network scene, combining spectrum sharing and beam hopping technology, comprehensively considering the ground cell access requirement and the number of available satellite resources, designing a hopping scheme based on spectrum sharing, and improving the spectrum resource utilization rate and terminal access density. The defect that the traditional beam hopping scheme only considers the requirements of the ground cell and ignores available spectrum resources is also space-time transformation is overcome.
(3) The beam scheduling algorithm takes available spectrum resources into consideration, and for the scene that the ground terminal is actively communicating, available spectrum resources are often less, satellite beams generally avoid such cells, and thus communication interference is reduced. Therefore, the frequency spectrum sharing-based beam hopping algorithm can reduce the multiple access interference of the system to a certain extent, and improve the reliability of the system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a star-ground fusion network system architecture.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a frequency spectrum sharing-based beam hopping technique.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of adaptive non-orthogonal multiple access based on spectrum sharing.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a two-user power NOMA scheme.
Fig. 5 is a graph of the relationship between the uplink system capacity and the average number of terminals per cell.
Fig. 6 is a graph of the relationship between the downlink system capacity and the average number of terminals per cell.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Compared with a single communication network system (a ground communication network or a satellite communication network), the satellite-ground fusion network uniformly allocates resources, can more efficiently allocate communication resources and improves resource efficiency. In the present invention, in consideration of the convenience and low cost of terrestrial communication as compared with satellite communication, a terrestrial terminal (terminal communicating with a base station) is specified as a main user, and a satellite terminal (terminal communicating with a satellite) is specified as a perceived user.
The invention provides a multi-beam satellite beam hopping method based on spectrum sharing for a star-earth fusion network, which comprises the following steps:
step one: the satellite control center firstly analyzes the flow demands of the ground N wave beam cells in a certain time slot, and presumes that the satellite knows the service distribution T of each cell on the ground of the current time slot through a control channel 1×N ＝{T 1 ,T 2 ,…T n ,…T N }, T therein n The number of the terminals which are requested to be accessed by the nth cell is represented, and the number of the accessed terminals of the cell represents the cell flow demand;
step two: because the terrestrial network and the satellite network share the same spectrum resources, knowing the cell traffic demand, it is also necessary to know the spectrum resources available to the satellite terminals to guide the beam scheduling algorithm. In the process, the satellite terminals cooperatively capture the state information of the ground terminals in the surrounding environment, and the spectrum holes are detected in real time;
step three: in a centralized cooperative spectrum sensing mode, a satellite terminal obtains the spectrum use condition of a ground terminal, reports the sensing result to a unified fusion center, and the available carrier number of a ground cell in the current time slot is recorded as C 1×N ＝{C 1 ,C 2 ,…C n ,…C N }；
Step four: in a time slot, a satellite control center comprehensively analyzes the flow demand of a ground cell and the available frequency spectrum resources of the current time slot, and allocates proper beams to serve the ground cell, as shown in fig. 2, each satellite narrow beam can serve one cell, the satellite beams adopt a time division multiplexing mode, and each time slot activates part of the beams to serve part of the ground cell; as can be seen from fig. 2, the user traffic demand is spatially non-uniformly distributed and dynamically varied over time. At the same time, the busy spectrum resources and available free spectrum resources in each satellite beam are also different;
step five: in the next time slot, the satellite control center adjusts a beam allocation strategy according to the change of the frequency spectrum resource and the terminal demand;
step six: in the satellite-ground fusion network, a satellite control center and a ground base station cooperate to enable a satellite terminal and a ground terminal to share the same frequency spectrum resource; common spectrum sharing modes comprise superposition spectrum access, bottom spectrum access and hybrid access, as shown on the right side of fig. 3, wherein the superposition spectrum sharing mode is adopted in the invention;
step seven: when the satellite control center distributes the wave beam to the ground cell according to the flow demand and the available resource quantity, the satellite terminal of the cell covered by the wave beam needs to be accessed into the satellite network to complete communication; in order to improve the spectrum efficiency and the access density, the satellite terminal adopts power domain Non-orthogonal multiple access (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access, NOMA); taking the downlink as a dual-user NOMA as an example, as shown in fig. 4, a satellite is used as a signal transmitting end to set a proper power configuration factor a 1 、a 2 And then, transmitting a time-frequency domain superposition signal to the user 1 and the user 2, wherein the signal is expressed as,
the received signal of the ground terminal is then represented as,
y 1 ＝h 1 x+n 1 ,
y 2 ＝h 2 x+n 2 ,
wherein h is 1 、h 2 Is channel, n 1 、n 2 Is the channel additive white noise:
and is also provided with
According to the principle of NOMA power distribution in the power domain, SIC is realized at the receiving end, and the power distributed to the users with weak channel condition by the transmitting end is higher than that of the users with strong channel condition, namely a 1 ＜a 2 ；
Step eight: in the downlink, a user is used as a signal receiving end, has a SIC processing function, and because of good channel conditions, a user 1 firstly demodulates a signal of a user 2 with high power, eliminates the signal of the user 2 after reconstruction, demodulates and extracts the signal of the user 1; the user 2 directly processes the user 1 signal as noise due to poor channel conditions, and extracts own signals; after successful demodulation, reconstruction and cancellation of user 2 signal by user 1, i.e. the SIC processing is completed, the user communication capacities are respectively,
examples
A multi-beam satellite beam hopping system based on spectrum sharing for a satellite-ground fusion network is shown in fig. 1, the coverage area of a satellite is divided into a plurality of cells, each satellite narrow beam can serve one cell, and a ground terminal and a satellite terminal share the same spectrum resource. Suppose that 20 satellites serve 240 cells, with a maximum of 12 beams activated per satellite. The gain of the satellite receiving and transmitting antenna is 30dB, the transmitting power is 10W, and the total transmitting power is uniformly distributed by the active wave beams. In the satellite-ground fusion network, the working frequency of the satellite is 2.4GHz, the total bandwidth is 5MHz, and the subcarrier bandwidth is 100kHz. The transmitting power of the satellite terminal is set to be 20mW, and the gains of the receiving and transmitting antennas are respectively 0dB, 5dB, 10dB and 15dB. In the beam hopping scheme, one satellite activates 4 beams in one slot. The number of carriers occupied by the current time slot of the ground terminal is uniformly distributed on the (10, 30).
The method flow is realized by the following steps:
step one: the satellite control center will first analyze the ground traffic demand in a certain time slot. Assume that satellite knows the current time slot ground each cell service distribution T through control channel 1×N ＝{T 1 ,T 2 ,…T n ,…T N }, T therein n Indicating the number of terminals requested to be accessed by the nth cell;
step two: knowing the cell traffic demand, it is also necessary to know the spectrum resources available to the satellite terminals. In the process, the satellite terminals cooperatively capture the state information of the ground terminals in the surrounding environment, and the spectrum holes are detected in real time.
Step three: in the centralized cooperative spectrum sensing mode, the satellite terminal obtains the spectrum use condition of the ground terminal and reports the sensing result to a unified fusion center. The number of available carriers of the ground cell of the current time slot is marked as C 1×N ＝{C 1 ,C 2 ,…C n ,…C N }。
Step four: in one time slot, the satellite control center comprehensively analyzes the flow demand of the ground cell and the available frequency spectrum resources of the current time slot, and allocates a proper wave beam to serve the ground cell, as shown in fig. 2. Each satellite narrow beam may serve one cell, the satellite beams are in a time division multiplexed mode, and each time slot activates a partial beam serving a ground partial cell. As can be seen from fig. 2, the user traffic demand is spatially non-uniformly distributed and dynamically varied over time. At the same time, the busy spectrum resources and available free spectrum resources in each satellite beam are also different.
Step five: in the next time slot, the satellite control center will adjust the beam allocation strategy according to the changes in the spectrum resources and terminal requirements.
Step six: in the satellite-ground fusion network, a satellite control center and a ground base station cooperate to enable a satellite terminal and a ground terminal to share the same frequency spectrum resource. The present invention employs a superimposed spectrum sharing mode, as shown in fig. 3.
Step seven: in consideration of the quality of a received signal of a receiving end and the complexity of a detection algorithm, the invention adopts a two-user power domain NOMA access scheme. Taking the downlink as a dual-user NOMA as an example, as shown in fig. 4, a satellite is used as a signal transmitting end to set a proper power configuration factor a 1 、a 2 And then, transmitting a time-frequency domain superposition signal to the user 1 and the user 2, wherein the signal is expressed as,
the received signal of the ground terminal is then represented as,
y 1 ＝h 1 x+n 1 ,
y 2 ＝h 2 x+n 2 ,
wherein h is 1 、h 2 Is channel, n 1 、n 2 Is the channel additive white noise:
and is also provided with
According to the principle of NOMA power distribution in the power domain, SIC is realized at the receiving end, and the power distributed to the users with weak channel condition by the transmitting end is higher than that of the users with strong channel condition, namely a 1 ＜a 2 。
Step eight: in the downlink, a user has a SIC processing function as a signal receiving end. The user 1 demodulates the signal of the user 2 with higher power firstly because of better channel condition, eliminates the signal of the user 2 after reconstruction, demodulates and extracts the signal of the user 1. The user 2 directly processes the user 1 signal as noise due to poor channel conditions, and extracts the own signal. After successful demodulation, reconstruction and cancellation of user 2 signal by user 1, i.e. the SIC processing is completed, the user communication capacities are respectively,
fig. 5 simulates the uplink system capacity, verifying the superiority of a spectrum-sharing-based beam hopping algorithm. The invention analyzes the performance of two beam scheduling schemes, namely a hopping beam based on spectrum sharing and a conventional hopping beam. As can be seen from the figure, in the case of the same access mode, the spectrum-based shared hopping beam is always better than the conventional hopping beam. This is because the hopping beams based on spectrum sharing take into account both terminal requirements and available spectrum resources, and are more suitable for star-to-ground converged networks where both requirements and resources are dynamic and time-varying. In contrast, conventional hop beam techniques ignore information about available resources only considering demand. Meanwhile, the invention also compares the power domain NOMA access scheme with the frequency division multiplexing access (Frequency Division Multiplexing, FDM). It can be seen that when the number of terminals is small, the FDM access mode is better, because the number of terminals is small, the spectrum resources are sufficient, and FDM uses more resources. When the number of terminals increases to a certain value, the system capacity corresponding to the power domain NOMA technology exceeds the system capacity corresponding to the DFM technology. This is because as the number of terminals increases, NOMA can access more terminals with higher system information transmission rates over limited spectrum resources. Today's spectrum resources are scarce and intense, and this non-orthogonal mode tends to have higher resource utilization.
Fig. 6 simulates the downlink system capacity, wherein the system capacity trend is similar to fig. 5. Among the three access modes, ADMA has the largest downlink system capacity. In addition, CR-based BH and ADMA combination algorithms are significantly better than other approaches. The downlink system capacity is greater than the uplink system capacity under the same access technology and beam scheduling scheme.
Claims (2)
1. The multi-beam satellite beam hopping method based on spectrum sharing for the satellite-ground fusion network is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
step one: the satellite control center firstly analyzes the flow demands of the ground N wave beam cells in a certain time slot, and presumes that the satellite knows the service distribution T of each cell on the ground of the current time slot through a control channel 1×N ＝{T 1 ,T 2 ,…T n ,…T N }, T therein n The number of the terminals which are requested to be accessed by the nth cell is represented, and the number of the accessed terminals of the cell represents the cell flow demand;
step two: the ground network and the satellite network share the same frequency spectrum resource, and the satellite terminals cooperatively capture the state information of the ground terminals in the surrounding environment and detect the frequency spectrum holes in real time;
step three: in a centralized cooperative spectrum sensing mode, a satellite terminal obtains the spectrum use condition of a ground terminal, reports the sensing result to a unified fusion center, and the available carrier number of a ground cell in the current time slot is recorded as C 1×N ＝{C 1 ,C 2 ,…C n ,…C N }；
Step four: in one time slot, the satellite control center comprehensively analyzes the flow demand of the ground cell and the available frequency spectrum resource of the current time slot, and allocates proper beams to serve the ground cell, each satellite narrow beam can serve one cell, the satellite beams adopt a time division multiplexing mode, and each time slot activates part of the beams to serve the ground part of the cells;
step five: in the next time slot, the satellite control center adjusts a beam allocation strategy according to the change of the frequency spectrum resource and the terminal demand;
step six: in the satellite-ground fusion network, a satellite control center and a ground base station cooperate to enable a satellite terminal and a ground terminal to share the same frequency spectrum resource;
step seven: when the satellite control center is based on the flow demand and available resourcesWhen the source number distributes the wave beam to the ground cell, the satellite terminal of the cell covered by the wave beam needs to be accessed to the satellite network to complete communication; the satellite terminal adopts a power domain non-orthogonal multiple access NOMA; taking the downlink as a dual-user NOMA as an example, a satellite is used as a signal transmitting end to set a proper power configuration factor a 1 、a 2 And then, transmitting a time-frequency domain superposition signal to the user 1 and the user 2, wherein the signal is expressed as,
the received signal of the ground terminal is then represented as,
y 1 ＝h 1 x+n 1 ,
y 2 ＝h 2 x+n 2 ,
wherein h is 1 、h 2 Is channel, n 1 、n 2 Is the channel additive white noise:
and is also provided with
SIC is realized at the receiving end according to the principle of NOMA power distribution in the power domain, and the power distributed by the transmitting end to the users with weak channel condition is higher than that of the users with strong channel condition, namely a 1 ＜a 2 ；
Step eight: in the downlink, a user is used as a signal receiving end, has a SIC processing function, and because of good channel conditions, a user 1 firstly demodulates a signal of a user 2 with high power, eliminates the signal of the user 2 after reconstruction, demodulates and extracts the signal of the user 1; the user 2 directly processes the user 1 signal as noise due to poor channel conditions, and extracts own signals; after successful demodulation, reconstruction and cancellation of user 2 signal by user 1, i.e. the SIC processing is completed, the user communication capacities are respectively,
2. the method of claim 1, wherein the spectrum sharing mode includes superposition spectrum access, underlying spectrum access, and hybrid access.
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| CN117062087B (en) * | 2023-08-23 | 2024-05-28 | 中国科学院微小卫星创新研究院 | Spectrum resource allocation method, spectrum resource allocation scheme transmission method and device |
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