CN116297156A - Test method for evaluating scratch resistance limit temperature of internal combustion engine oil - Google Patents
Test method for evaluating scratch resistance limit temperature of internal combustion engine oil Download PDFInfo
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- CN116297156A CN116297156A CN202111500154.3A CN202111500154A CN116297156A CN 116297156 A CN116297156 A CN 116297156A CN 202111500154 A CN202111500154 A CN 202111500154A CN 116297156 A CN116297156 A CN 116297156A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a test method for evaluating the scratch resistance limit temperature of internal combustion engine oil, which comprises the steps of injecting a proper amount of test internal combustion engine oil onto a test disc, heating the test internal combustion engine oil to 30-50 ℃, ensuring that a test piece on the test disc reciprocates on the test disc under constant reciprocating vibration frequency, load and stroke, heating the test piece with temperature gradients of 5-15 ℃, and keeping the duration of each gradient within 7-15 min; if the friction coefficient of the test internal combustion engine oil is less than 0.24 and the duration is less than 30s at a certain test temperature, the test temperature is the scratch resistance limit temperature of the test internal combustion engine oil under the test conditions. The method can rapidly determine the anti-scratch limit temperature of the internal combustion engine oil, namely the failure temperature of the internal combustion engine oil, and the research and establishment of the test method for evaluating the anti-scratch limit temperature of the internal combustion engine oil can provide a basic simulation test means for the research and development of the internal combustion engine oil, and has important significance for researching the adaptability of the lubricating oil and the friction pair material of the engine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of friction and wear performance evaluation of internal combustion engine oil, and relates to a test method for evaluating the anti-scratch limit temperature of the internal combustion engine oil.
Background
Improving fuel economy is one of the power for gasoline engine oil upgrades, which is well reflected in the ILSAC gasoline engine oil specifications. In recent years, OEMs have also made demands for energy conservation of diesel engine oils, and friction reducers have also begun to be used in diesel engine oils. Therefore, the internal combustion engine oil not only needs better antifriction and antiwear effects, but also needs better thermal stability, and at higher use temperature, the lubricating oil and the additive can keep good antifriction and antiwear performance, have stable friction coefficient and better temperature gluing resistance, so that when the internal combustion engine oil is used under severe limiting working conditions, the friction pair is prevented from being glued due to oil film rupture caused by overhigh temperature. At present, no performance evaluation method for evaluating the change of the tribological performance of the internal combustion engine oil along with the change of temperature exists in the existing test method. Therefore, research into the establishment of test methods for the scratch resistance limit temperature of internal combustion engine oils is necessary for the development of oil formulations.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a test method for evaluating the scratch resistance limit temperature of internal combustion engine oil, which solves the problem that the scratch resistance limit temperature of the internal combustion engine oil cannot be evaluated through temperature change in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is a test method for evaluating the scratch resistance limit temperature of the internal combustion engine oil, which is implemented according to the following steps: injecting a proper amount of test internal combustion engine oil into a test disc, heating the test internal combustion engine oil to 30-50 ℃, and then ensuring that a test piece on the test disc reciprocates on the test disc under constant reciprocating vibration frequency, load and stroke, and heating the test piece by using a temperature gradient of 5-15 ℃, wherein the duration of each gradient is within 7-15 min; if the friction coefficient of the test internal combustion engine oil is not less than 0.24 and the duration is not less than 30s at a certain test temperature, the test temperature is the scratch-resistant limit temperature of the test internal combustion engine oil under the test conditions.
The invention is also characterized in that:
test internal combustion engine oil was heated to 40 ℃ and the test was started.
The temperature was raised with a temperature gradient of 10 ℃.
The duration of each gradient was 10min.
The test piece reciprocates in a stroke of 1-3 mm on the test disc at a frequency of 30-50 Hz and a load of 400-600N.
The test was performed using an SRV@4 and 5 frictional wear tester as a platform.
The test piece and the test disc are both cylindrical structures.
The diameter of the test piece is 24mm, the thickness is 7.8mm, the diameter of the test disc is 15mm, and the length is 22mm.
The axis of the test piece is at 90 degrees to the direction of reciprocation.
The engine oil sampling amount of the test internal combustion engine is 40-100 mu L.
The test method can quickly determine the scratch resistance limit temperature of the internal combustion engine oil, namely the failure temperature of the internal combustion engine oil, and the research and establishment of the test method for evaluating the scratch resistance limit temperature of the internal combustion engine oil can provide a basic simulation test means for the research and development of the internal combustion engine oil, so that the test method has important significance for researching the adaptability of the lubricating oil and the friction pair material of the engine.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an experimental apparatus for evaluating the method of the present invention for evaluating the anti-scuffing limit temperature of an internal combustion engine oil;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the test chamber components of the test apparatus of the present invention for evaluating the anti-scratch limit temperature of an internal combustion engine oil;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a test disc and the movement of the test disc used in the test method of the present invention for assessing the scratch resistance limit temperature of an internal combustion engine oil;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the trend in example 1 of the test method of evaluating the scratch resistance limit temperature of the internal combustion engine oil according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the trend in example 2 of the test method of the present invention for evaluating the scratch resistance limit temperature of an internal combustion engine oil;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the trend in example 3 of the test method of the present invention for evaluating the scratch resistance limit temperature of an internal combustion engine oil;
FIG. 7 is a graph of the trend in example 4 of the test method of the present invention for evaluating the scratch resistance limit temperature of an internal combustion engine oil;
FIG. 8 is a graph of the trend in example 5 of the test method of the present invention for evaluating the scratch resistance limit temperature of an internal combustion engine oil;
FIG. 9 is a graph of the trend in example 6 of the test method of the present invention for evaluating the scratch resistance limit temperature of an internal combustion engine oil.
In the figure, I, a control system, II, a variable frequency motor, III, a test cavity, IV, a loading unit, 1, a reciprocating driving rod, 2, a steel column clamp fixer, 3, a loading rod, 4, a steel column clamp, 5, a test piece, 6, a test disc, 7, a resistance sensor, 8, a test disc clamp fixer, 9, a piezoelectric measuring unit and 10, a base.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
The experimental device of the experimental method for evaluating the scratch resistance limit temperature of the internal combustion engine oil takes SRV@4 and 5 friction and wear testing machines as platforms, and a test piece is of a cylindrical structure with the diameter of 24mm and the thickness of 7.8mm and is used as an upper test piece; the test disc was a cylindrical structure of 15mm diameter and 22mm length, which served as the lower test piece.
As shown in FIG. 1, the experimental device comprises a control system I, a variable frequency motor II, a test cavity III and a loading unit IV; as shown in fig. 2, the test chamber II includes a reciprocating drive rod 1, a steel column clamp holder 2, a loading rod 3, a steel column clamp 4, a test piece 5, a test disc 6, a resistance sensor 7, a cast iron disc clamp holder 8, a piezoelectric measuring unit 9, and a base 10. The driving rod 1 is connected with the variable frequency motor II, the steel column test piece 5 is fixed above the cast iron disc test piece 6 through the steel column clamp fixer 2, the loading rod 3 is connected with the loading unit IV, is arranged above the test piece 5 through the steel column clamp fixer 2, and the resistance sensor 7 and the piezoelectric measuring unit 9 are arranged below the cast iron disc clamp fixer 8 and are integrally fixed on the base 10.
At the start of the test, as shown in fig. 3, the test piece 5 was fixed directly above the test plate 6, and the test piece 5 and the test plate 6 were brought into contact, ensuring that the axis of the test piece 5 was 90 degrees from the reciprocating direction. The test disc 6 is loaded by the loading system of the apparatus via the test piece 5.
The technical principle of the invention is as follows: under constant reciprocating vibration frequency, stroke and test load, a test piece reciprocates on a fixed test disc on a SRV@4 type friction and wear test machine, the test internal combustion engine oil with the sampling amount of 40-100 mu L is injected on the test disc, the test internal combustion engine oil is heated to 30-50 ℃ and then gradually heated up with a temperature gradient of 5-15 ℃ until the friction coefficient of the test internal combustion engine oil is suddenly increased to 0.24 and above and continuously for at least 30s, and the test internal combustion engine oil reaches the anti-scratch temperature limit at the test temperature, namely reaches the failure temperature. The scratch resistance of the internal combustion engine oil was evaluated by testing its scratch resistance limit temperature and the trend of the change in the friction coefficient during the test, and the decay mechanism of the additives in the test oil was pre-tested. When the test internal combustion engine oil is fixed, the temperature limit of friction pairs made of different materials for scratch resistance can be evaluated.
To further explain the aspects of the invention, the following examples are presented. The trend graph in the examples has a friction coefficient on the left and a test temperature on the right.
Example 1:
the Kunlun 5W-30SM/GF-4 internal combustion engine oil is selected for testing, the test sample amount is 70 mu L, and the test conditions are as follows: frequency 50Hz, load 500N, stroke 2mm;
heating up at a temperature gradient of 10 ℃, wherein the duration is 7min when the temperature is 40-120 ℃; the temperature is between 120 and 170℃: the duration is 10min; the duration is 12min when the temperature is 170-240 ℃; the duration was 15min at a temperature of 240℃to failure temperature. The overall trend is shown in fig. 4, and it is found that the scratch resistance limit temperature, i.e., the failure temperature, of the test internal combustion engine oil under the test conditions is 280 ℃.
Example 2:
the test is carried out by selecting the internal combustion engine oil of the motor 0W-20SN/GF-5, the test sample amount is 70 mu L, and the test conditions are as follows: frequency 50Hz, load 500N, stroke 2mm;
heating up at a temperature gradient of 10 ℃, wherein the duration is 7min when the temperature is 40-120 ℃; the temperature is between 120 and 170℃: the duration is 10min; the duration is 12min when the temperature is 170-240 ℃; the duration was 15min at a temperature of 240℃to failure temperature. The overall trend is shown in fig. 5, and it is found that the scratch resistance limit temperature, i.e., the failure temperature, of the test internal combustion engine oil under the test conditions is 250 ℃.
Example 3:
the Kunlun 5W-30SM/GF-4 internal combustion engine oil is selected for testing, the test sample amount is 50 mu L, and the test conditions are as follows: frequency 50Hz, load 600N, stroke 1mm;
heating up at 15 ℃ with a temperature gradient, wherein the duration is 7min when the temperature is 40-120 ℃; the duration is 10min when the temperature is 120-170 ℃; the duration was 12min at a temperature of 170℃to the failure temperature. The overall trend is shown in fig. 6, which shows that the anti-scratch limit temperature, i.e., the failure temperature, of the test engine oil under the test conditions is 270 ℃.
Example 4:
the method selects the internal combustion engine oil of the motor 0W-20SN/GF-5 for test, the test sample amount is 50 mu L, and the test conditions are as follows: frequency 50Hz, load 600N, stroke 1mm;
heating up at 15 ℃ with a temperature gradient, wherein the duration is 7min when the temperature is 40-120 ℃; the duration is 10min when the temperature is 120-170 ℃; the duration was 12min at a temperature of 170℃to the failure temperature. The overall trend is shown in fig. 7, and it is found that the scratch resistance limit temperature, i.e., the failure temperature, of the test internal combustion engine oil under the test conditions is 270 ℃.
Example 5:
the Kunlun 5W-30SM/GF-4 is selected as the internal combustion engine oil for test, the test sample amount is 40 mu L, and the test conditions are as follows: frequency 30Hz, load 400N, travel 3mm;
heating up at a temperature gradient of 10 ℃, wherein the duration is 7min when the temperature is 50-120 ℃; the duration is 10min when the temperature is 120-170 ℃; the duration was 12min at a temperature of 170℃to the failure temperature. The overall trend is shown in fig. 8, and it is found that the scratch resistance limit temperature, i.e., the failure temperature, of the test internal combustion engine oil under the test conditions is 260 ℃.
Example 6:
the test is carried out by taking the Mobil 0W-20SN/GF-5 as the internal combustion engine oil, the test sample amount is 40 mu L, and the test conditions are as follows: frequency 30Hz, load 400N, travel 3mm;
heating up at a temperature gradient of 10 ℃, wherein the duration is 7min when the temperature is 50-120 ℃; the duration is 10min when the temperature is 120-170 ℃; the duration was 12min at a temperature of 170℃to the failure temperature. The overall trend is shown in fig. 9, and it is found that the scratch resistance limit temperature, i.e., the failure temperature, of the test internal combustion engine oil under the test conditions is 250 ℃.
Example 7:
the Kunlun 5W-30SM/GF-4 is selected as the internal combustion engine oil for test, the test sample amount is 100 mu L, and the test conditions are as follows: frequency 40Hz, load 400N, stroke 2mm;
heating up at a temperature gradient of 5 ℃, wherein the duration is 7min when the temperature is between 30 and 120 ℃; the duration is 10min when the temperature is 120-170 ℃; the duration was 12min at a temperature of 170℃to the failure temperature. The scratch resistance limit temperature, i.e., the failure temperature, of the test internal combustion engine oil under the test conditions was 240 ℃.
Example 8:
the test is carried out by taking the Mobil 0W-20SN/GF-5 as the internal combustion engine oil, the test sample amount is 100 mu L, and the test conditions are as follows: frequency 40Hz, load 400N, stroke 2mm;
heating up at a temperature gradient of 5 ℃, wherein the duration is 7min when the temperature is between 30 and 120 ℃; the duration is 10min when the temperature is 120-170 ℃; the duration was 12min at a temperature of 170℃to the failure temperature. The scratch resistance limit temperature, i.e., the failure temperature, of the test internal combustion engine oil under the test conditions was 220 ℃.
Table 1 final failure temperature of each example
The final failure temperatures of the respective examples are shown in table 1, and the test conditions of examples 1 and 2, examples 3 and 4, examples 5 and 6, and examples 7 and 8 are the same. The results of example 1 and example 2 show that the anti-scratch limit temperature of the viscosity grade oil product of Mobil 0W-20SN/GF-5 is relatively low, which indicates that the oil film of the low viscosity grade oil product is easier to break at high temperature, and the condition is more suitable. Examples 3 and 4 show that the anti-scratch limit temperature of the Mobil 0W-20SN/GF-5 oil products is relatively low, which indicates that the oil film of the low-viscosity oil products is easier to break at high temperature, but the distinguishing property of the conditions is less obvious than that of examples 1-2. Examples 5 and 6 show that the 0W-20 viscosity grade oil with Mobil 0W-20SN/GF-5 has relatively low scratch resistance limit temperature, which indicates that the oil film of the low viscosity grade oil is easier to break at high temperature, but the distinguishing property of the condition is less obvious than that of examples 1-4. Examples 7 and 8 demonstrate that: the temperature gradient is low, the operation time is longer, the failure temperature of the oil product can be reduced, the oil product is easier to fail, and the evaluation of the high-performance oil product is not suitable.
The above results indicate that: to achieve better differentiation of the performance of the test oil, the test conditions are reasonably optimized. The principle of condition optimization is to select a distinguishing test condition for optimization according to oil formulation composition and viscosity grade analysis, the condition of the embodiment 1 has better distinguishing property on oil viscosity, and the Kunlun 5W-30SM/GF-4 oil product has lower friction coefficient in a certain temperature range from friction coefficient curve, but the friction coefficient increases and finally rapidly increases by more than 0.24 at a higher temperature, which indicates oil film rupture, because the oil product contains Mo salt friction reducer, the additive has good friction reducing property but unsatisfactory thermal stability, and the method has good evaluation effect on the friction coefficient.
Claims (9)
1. The test method for evaluating the scratch-resistant limit temperature of the internal combustion engine oil is characterized in that a proper amount of test internal combustion engine oil is injected onto a test disc, and after the test internal combustion engine oil is heated to 30-50 ℃, test pieces on the test disc are ensured to reciprocate on the test disc under constant reciprocating vibration frequency, load and stroke; heating up by using a temperature gradient of 5-15 ℃, wherein the duration of the gradient is 7-15 min; if the friction coefficient of the test internal combustion engine oil is not less than 0.24 and the duration is less than 30s at a certain test temperature, the test temperature is the scratch-resistant limit temperature of the test internal combustion engine oil under the test conditions.
2. The test method for evaluating the scratch resistance limit temperature of an internal combustion engine oil according to claim 1, wherein the test is started after the internal combustion engine oil is heated to 40 ℃.
3. The test method for evaluating the scratch resistance limit temperature of internal combustion engine oil according to claim 1, wherein the test internal combustion engine oil is warmed up with a temperature gradient of 10 ℃.
4. The test method for evaluating the anti-scratch limit temperature of internal combustion engine oil according to claim 1, wherein the duration of the gradient is 10min.
5. The test method for evaluating the scratch resistance limit temperature of an internal combustion engine oil according to claim 1, wherein the test piece reciprocates on a test disc with a stroke of 1 to 3mm or less at a frequency of 30 to 50Hz under a load of 400 to 600N.
6. The test method for evaluating the scratch resistance limit temperature of an internal combustion engine oil according to claim 1, wherein the test piece and the test tray are each of a cylindrical structure.
7. The test method for evaluating the scratch resistance limit temperature of internal combustion engine oil according to claim 1, wherein the test piece has a diameter of 24mm, a thickness of 7.8mm, and a test disc has a diameter of 15mm and a length of 22mm.
8. The test method for evaluating the scratch resistance limit temperature of an internal combustion engine oil according to claim 1, wherein the axis of the test piece is 90 degrees to the reciprocating direction.
9. The test method for evaluating the scratch resistance limit temperature of internal combustion engine oil according to claim 1, wherein the test internal combustion engine oil is taken in an amount of 40 to 100 μl.
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