CN116289787B - Fish three-field two-channel interconnection intercommunication and reservoir ecological trap avoiding system - Google Patents
Fish three-field two-channel interconnection intercommunication and reservoir ecological trap avoiding system Download PDFInfo
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- CN116289787B CN116289787B CN202211582381.XA CN202211582381A CN116289787B CN 116289787 B CN116289787 B CN 116289787B CN 202211582381 A CN202211582381 A CN 202211582381A CN 116289787 B CN116289787 B CN 116289787B
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- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 206
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- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 96
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B7/00—Barrages or weirs; Layout, construction, methods of, or devices for, making same
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B7/00—Barrages or weirs; Layout, construction, methods of, or devices for, making same
- E02B7/02—Fixed barrages
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B8/08—Fish passes or other means providing for migration of fish; Passages for rafts or boats
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B8/08—Fish passes or other means providing for migration of fish; Passages for rafts or boats
- E02B8/085—Devices allowing fish migration, e.g. fish traps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/60—Ecological corridors or buffer zones
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of migratory fish protection, and provides a fish three-field two-channel interconnection intercommunication and reservoir area ecological trap avoiding system, which comprises a river blocking dam constructed at a confluence position of a tributary and a main stream, wherein the river blocking dam is used for blocking the main stream into a downstream main stream and an upstream main stream; building a branch flow around the reservoir and a branch flow around the reservoir, and building a fish way passing through the dam under the dam of the barrage. According to the invention, the communication channels for communicating the upstream and downstream of the dam and bypassing the ecological trap in the reservoir area are constructed, the upstream and downstream main flow bait stations of the reservoir and the upstream main branch spawning stations of the reservoir tail are communicated, the overwintering stations constructed in the deep water environment in the reservoir area and the upstream main branch water flow habitat of the reservoir tail are communicated, the interconnection and intercommunication of three-station two channels of the fish are realized, the purposes of upstream and downstream adult fish and downstream fish eggs and young fish which avoid the ecological trap in the reservoir area to go to the suitable habitat are achieved, meanwhile, the water resource efficient configuration is realized through the water diversion fish weir and the water diversion weir, and the power generation benefit is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of migratory fish protection, in particular to a three-field two-channel interconnection and intercommunication and reservoir ecological trap avoiding system for fish.
Background
The fish-free ecological water diversion and retaining river-blocking building can prevent free movement of fish, separate originally connected important fish sites, obstruct the upstream passage of fish, ensure that some migratory fish such as salmon, herring and sturgeon which have strong regression and must return to upstream original birth places for spawning cannot complete propagation activities, and ensure that some fish such as European eel, japanese eel and anguilla marmorata which must travel downstream to the river for downstream growth or go to marine environment for spawning cannot complete life history.
At present, a fish channel is mainly built to provide a dam-passing upward migration channel for fish. The patent of the invention with publication number CN112195880B, issued in 2022, discloses a post-dam factory building all-fishway system suitable for high-steep narrow terrains and a construction method, and provides a channel for fishes under a dam to pass through the dam and go to a front reservoir area of the dam.
The water flow is the dominant factor causing passive migration and active migration, and fish has strict hydraulic conditions on spawning sites and upward tracing behaviors. The water flow guides adult fish to go to spawning site to spawn and reproduce to active migration, and the water flow carries fish eggs and larvae away from the birth place to downstream to grow and develop, which is regarded as passive migration of fish. The fish performs directional and countercurrent swimming by using the flow rate (Lucas & Baras 2001), if the flow rate is lower than the fish flow-seeking threshold, the fish loses its forward flow-seeking countercurrent tracing-up behavior (DWA 2010, draft), such as grass carp has no tracing-up behavior basically under the condition that the flow rate of water flow is lower than 0.2m/s (Yang Qing, etc., 2019); for another example, the schizothorax is a water-loving fish, a certain water flow rate is required for spawning sites and growth habitats, and the water flow rate for the schizothorax to generate a flow-tending behavior, namely a countercurrent upward tracing behavior, is generally not lower than 0.10m/s. Tang Mingying and the like through a water tank experiment, researching the response relation between different flow rates and four-big-family fish spawn suspension rates when the drifting distance is 20m, and providing a lower limit flow rate of 0.25m/s for safe drifting of the drifting spawn in the reservoir area of the three gorges reservoir. When the spawning ground is positioned at the upstream of the reservoir and the bait field is positioned at the downstream of the reservoir, the hydraulic retention time of the reservoir is a main influencing factor influencing the effective passage of fish eggs and young fish to the downstream of the reservoir, and under the condition that the water flow of the reservoir is not stopped or is very slow, the effective protection of the fish eggs and young fish through the reservoir barrier is ensured to be the key of the effective protection of the bidirectional migratory fish.
After the large reservoir dam is built, the original flowing water habitat of the river channel is changed into a water depth and still water environment, water flow in the water reservoir area tends to be static, and the conditions such as the flow rate, the flow state, drift way and the like for maintaining the drifting and hatching of the fish eggs cannot be formed, so that the drifting fish eggs cannot be hatched successfully, and the species diversity and the abundance of the fish producing the drifting eggs are seriously influenced. Thus, in addition to the dam itself, the reservoir area may present additional barriers to downstream fish and fish that require water flow stimulation to produce migration. The fishway which is constructed and used for communicating the dam under the dam and in front of the dam and attracting the migratory fish to the static water environment of the reservoir is caused to become a channel which is not suitable for the reservoir environment and is used for allowing the fish in the reservoir to enter an ecological trap (the ecological trap is said to come from Cao Wenxuan yards: water area ecological protection problem of the elevator level development of the water upstream of the Yangtze river), and the fishway effectiveness is also one of the reasons that the fishway effectiveness is questioned.
In order to avoid that adult fish which cross a dam to reach an unsuitable spawning environment in a reservoir area and fall to enter an unsuitable migratory reservoir area environment and fish eggs and young fish which need to be carried by water flow migrate to a reservoir area habitat which is not matched with the requirements of fish habitat and has poor quality, the conventional method is to collect fish under the dam at first, then transport the fish to a suitable fish spawning place at the upstream of the reservoir tail through a fish transporting vehicle or a fish transporting ship, or transport the fish eggs and young fish to a habitat which is favorable for hatching and growth under the dam after a fish gathering ship is arranged at the reservoir tail.
As in the paper "full dam fish passing facility releasing form discussion" published in 2020, a method for spawning by using fishes under a dam to bypass a reservoir area and go to a water flow habitat on the dam is disclosed, and the full hydropower station fish passing facility is used for lifting fishes collected under the dam to a fish transporting ship in front of the dam and further transporting the fishes to a tail water flow habitat 30km away from the front of the dam to release the fishes by the fish transporting ship.
The invention patent with the application publication number of CN109469029A discloses a fish gathering and transporting system, which is a system for transporting juvenile fish collected by a reservoir fish gathering platform through a pipeline to pass through a dam.
The existing scheme for communicating the migration channel of the fishes and avoiding the fishes from entering the ecological trap of the reservoir is that the migration fishes are transported to the proper habitat at the upstream and downstream of the reservoir area through mechanical equipment, but the method has the following defects: ① The fish passing is discontinuous, the mechanical transfer depends on the completion condition of the previous process, and the work has discontinuity; ② The transported fish is physiologically damaged, the fish shoal is limited by a narrow space and jolts in the transportation process, and the fish stress reaction is easily caused; ③ The existing fishway technology only considers that fish ascends through a dam, and does not consider the return of adult fish after spawning or the return of the offspring, so that the fishway with a water inlet positioned in front of the dam is always a one-way route (refer to paper: FISH LADDER of Lajeado Dam: migrations on one-way routes; ④ The fish-type ecological floating dam has no functions of automatically bypassing the reservoir area by the fishes passing through the down dam and the up dam, which is not suitable for habitats.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems and make up for the defects of the existing scheme, the invention provides a method and a system for fish three-field two-channel interconnection and intercommunication and reservoir ecological trap avoidance. The invention establishes a communication channel for communicating the upstream and downstream of the dam and bypassing the ecological trap in the reservoir, communicates the upstream and downstream main flow cable and the upstream spawning site of the reservoir, communicates the overwintering site constructed in the deep water environment in the reservoir with the upstream flow habitat of the reservoir, realizes the interconnection and intercommunication of three-channel fish, and achieves the purpose of enabling upstream and downstream adult fishes and downstream spawns and young fishes to go to a suitable habitat to complete life history by water flow distribution while avoiding the ecological trap in the reservoir.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
A fish three-station two-channel interconnection and intercommunication and reservoir ecological trap avoiding system comprises a main stream and a branch stream which are continuous and communicated, wherein a spawning site for migratory fish is arranged on the upstream of the main stream and in the branch stream; a barrage constructed downstream of the junction of the tributaries and the main stream, the barrage dividing the main stream into a downstream main stream and an upstream main stream; building a barrage to form a reservoir area in front of the barrage, and enabling the tributaries to be tributaries of the reservoir area; fishways are built under the barrage, and a first branch winding warehouse and a second branch winding warehouse are built around a reservoir area; the head end of the first branch flow of the winding warehouse is connected with the upstream main flow, the tail end of the branch flow of the winding warehouse is connected with the head end of the fishway, and the tail end of the fishway is connected with the downstream main flow; and the head end of the second winding warehouse branch is connected with the warehouse area branch, and the tail end of the second winding warehouse branch is connected with the upstream main flow.
In the fish three-field two-channel interconnection and intercommunication and reservoir ecological trap avoiding system, the average slope of the downstream main flow is S 1, and the average flow is q 1; the upstream main stream is distributed with fish spawning sites and upstream main stream cableway sites; the average slope of the upstream main flow is S 2, and the average flow is q 2; fish spawning sites are distributed in the branch flows of the reservoir area; the average slope of the branch flows in the warehouse area is S 3, and the average flow is q 3; the S 1<S2<S3,q1<q2<q3.
In the three-field two-channel interconnection and intercommunication system for fish and the reservoir area ecological trap avoiding system, the flow speed of the reservoir area is lower than the minimum flow speed V b generated by the upstream tracing action of the migratory fish, and the flow speed is insufficient for carrying fish eggs and juvenile fish to flow downstream; the average water flow velocity of the branch flow around the warehouse, the branch flow around the warehouse I and the fishway is larger than the minimum flow velocity Vx generated by the upstream tracing behavior of the upstream-tracing type fish, and the average water flow velocity is enough to carry the fish eggs and the juvenile fish to the downstream.
In the fish three-field two-channel interconnection and intercommunication and reservoir area ecological trap avoiding system, a water diversion fish passing weir I is arranged in the upstream main flow, and comprises a water diversion guiding weir, a river blocking weir and a fish passing channel; the water diversion weir is connected with the head end of the branch flow I of the winding reservoir, the water inlet end of the fish passage is connected with the upstream main flow, and the water outlet end is connected with the reservoir area.
In the fish three-station two-channel interconnection and intercommunication and reservoir area ecological trap avoiding system, a diversion type hydropower station is arranged in a reservoir winding branch I, and comprises a diversion weir I, a diversion canal, a diversion pipeline, a generator set and a power plant which are sequentially arranged; the first water diversion weir guides partial water flow around the first reservoir tributary to the water diversion channel and flows into the reservoir area after sequentially passing through the water diversion pipeline and the generator set.
In the fish three-field two-channel interconnection and intercommunication and reservoir area ecological trap avoiding system, a plurality of oxygenation fish passing weirs are arranged in the reservoir winding branch I and the reservoir winding branch II, and a deep pool habitat is formed between adjacent oxygenation fish passing weirs; the oxygenation fish passing weir consists of a water drop section and a fish passing section; the drop section is a permeable weir formed by stacking stone blocks and/or pebbles, and the drop head drop height of the upstream and downstream of the drop section is not higher than 30cm in delta H 1,ΔH1; the fish passing section is positioned at one side of the drop section; the fish passing section is a water passing fish passage which is divided into N stages of pool chambers by multi-stage partition boards, and the head drop of the adjacent pool chambers of the fish passing section is delta H 2; the Δh 1＝NΔH2; the water head difference delta H 2 between the primary pool chambers is not higher thanWherein V max is the maximum burst swimming speed of the fish, and g is the gravity acceleration.
In the fish three-field two-channel interconnection and intercommunication and reservoir area ecological trap avoiding system, a water diversion weir II is arranged at the joint of the fish channel head end and the reservoir winding branch I.
In the three-field two-channel interconnection intercommunication and reservoir ecological trap avoiding system for fish, the method is characterized in that: the branch flow of the warehouse area is internally provided with a water diversion fish-passing weir II which is connected with the head end of the branch flow of the warehouse winding branch II, and the tail end of the branch flow of the warehouse winding branch II is positioned at the upstream of the water diversion fish-passing weir I; the first water diversion fish-passing weir has the same structure as the second water diversion fish-passing weir.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention mutually communicates the downstream main flow, the upstream main flow and the branch flow of the reservoir area which are blocked by the dam through the fishway of the dam and the branch flow of the reservoir, thereby realizing the purpose of communicating the two channels of the fish upstream migration channel and the fish downstream migration channel.
2. The invention realizes the purpose that the upward-moving fishes and the downward-moving fishes bypass the ecological trap of the reservoir through the dam fishway, the branch flow of the reservoir and the diversion fish passing weir.
3. The invention realizes the purpose of communicating downstream and upstream main stream bait stations, upstream main stream spawning stations and reservoir branch spawning stations through the dam fishways, the reservoir branch streams and the water diversion fish weirs, and provides effective channels for fishes in different life history stages to go to suitable habitats.
4. The invention provides water flow conditions required by migration for the migration fish through the water diversion fish weir, and provides a passage for the non-migration fish to go to the overwintering field and the refuge field in the reservoir area.
5. The invention realizes the efficient allocation of water resources through the branch flow of the winding warehouse, the water diversion fish weir, the water diversion hydropower station and the water diversion weir, and increases the power generation benefit while guaranteeing the water demand requirements of the fishway, the branch flow of the winding warehouse, the upstream dry branch flow and the reservoir.
6. The invention creates diversified habitats for branches around the reservoir through the oxygenation fish passing weir, and provides proper and diversified hydraulic conditions and water physicochemical factors for fish migration.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the application or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the application, and that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive faculty for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of river connectivity and spawning ground distribution prior to dam construction of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the planar structure of the water diversion fish weir of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along section A-A in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along section B-B in FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along section 1-1 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along section 2-2 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along section 3-3 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 9 is a schematic plan view of a water diversion hydropower station according to the invention;
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along section C-C of FIG. 9;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the construction of the joint section of the branch flow around the warehouse and the fishway according to the invention;
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view taken along section 4-4 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the planar structure of the oxygen-enriched fish weir of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view taken along section D-D of FIG. 13;
FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view taken along section E-E of FIG. 13;
FIG. 16 is a schematic view of the water resource distribution effect of the present invention;
Reference numerals: the system comprises a 1-dam, a 2-downstream main stream, a 21-downstream main stream cable, a field and migration passage, a 3-reservoir area, a 31-reservoir dead water line, a 32-reservoir high water line, a 33-reservoir submerged main stream river reach, a 34-reservoir submerged branch river reach, a 4-upstream main stream, a 41-upstream main stream fish spawning site, a 42-upstream main stream branch, a 43-upstream main stream cable farm, a 5-reservoir area branch, a 51-reservoir area branch spawning site, a 6-fishway, a 7-bypass branch, a 71-oxygenation fish-passing weir, a 711-drop section, a 712-fish-passing section, a 72-water-dividing weir, a 8-bypass branch two, a 91-water-dividing weir two, a 911-water-dividing diversion weir, a 912-weir, a 913-fish-passing passage, a 92-water-dividing weir two, a 10-diversion dam water-type hydroelectric station, a 101-water-dividing weir two, a 102-diversion trench, a 103-diversion pipeline, a 104-generator set, a 105-power generation plant, a 106-water-diversion barrier and a 11-road management barrier.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", "both ends", "one end", "the other end", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific direction, be configured and operated in the specific direction, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "provided," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The embodiment of the system for avoiding the ecological traps in the reservoir area and the three-field two-channel interconnection intercommunication of the fishes is constructed as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, the river system is a river system before reservoir dam construction, and upstream and downstream main flows, branch flows and main flows of the reservoir dam are all communicated and continuous natural rivers, and are smooth channels for fish upstream migration or downstream migration; according to the investigation, upstream main stream and river left bank first-stage tributaries have large spawning sites of migratory fish.
As shown in fig. 2, a barrage 1 is constructed downstream of the confluence of the left bank primary tributary and the main stream, and the barrage 1 divides the river main stream which is originally communicated into a downstream main stream 2 and an upstream main stream 4; the construction of the dam 1 results in the formation of a reservoir area 3 in front of the dam.
In this case, the dam 1 has a dam bottom height of 254m, a dam top height of 322m and a maximum dam height of 68m, and the dam 1 has a power generation function.
The head end of the downstream main stream 2 is connected with a dam 1, no other river blocking buildings are arranged on the downstream main stream 2, the tail end of the downstream main stream 2 is connected with the sea, and the downstream main stream 2 is a migration channel for fish to go to an spawning site and a cable site for growth and development of juvenile fish; the average gradient of the downstream main flow 2 is S 1, and the average flow rate of the downstream main flow 2 is q 1.
The reservoir area 3 starts in front of the dam 1 and ends at the tail end of the upstream main flow 2 and the tail end of the reservoir area tributary 5; the water level of the reservoir area 3 changes between a reservoir dead water line 31 and a reservoir high water line 32; in this case, the elevation of the dead water line 31 of the reservoir is 315m, and the elevation of the high water line 32 of the reservoir is 320m; the maximum water depth of the reservoir area 3 reaches 65m, and the maximum water surface width reaches 70m; the reservoir area 3 floods the main stream section 33 and the tributary section 34.
The reservoir area 3 is a large reservoir; the flow velocity of water in the reservoir area 3 is approximately 0, the flow velocity of water in the reservoir area 3 is lower than the minimum flow velocity V b generated by the countercurrent upward tracing action of the migratory fish, and the flow velocity of water in the reservoir area 3 is insufficient to carry fish eggs and juvenile fish to flow downstream.
The tail end of the upstream main flow 4 is connected with the tail of the reservoir area 3 and is a natural river segment which is not submerged by the reservoir; a dam 1 and a reservoir area 3 are arranged between the upstream main flow 4 and the downstream main flow 2; the upstream main stream 4 is distributed with a large fish spawning site 41 and an upstream main stream cableway site 43; in this embodiment, the upstream main stream 4 also has an upstream main stream tributary 42 merging to the left; the average slope of the upstream main flow 4 is S 2, and the average flow rate of the upstream main flow 4 is q 2.
The tail end of the reservoir area tributary 5 is connected with the reservoir tail of the reservoir area 3 and is a natural river segment which is not submerged by the reservoir; the reservoir area tributary 5 and the upstream main stream 4 are separated by a reservoir area 3; a reservoir storage area 3 and a dam 1 are arranged between the storage area tributary 5 and the downstream main stream 2; the branch 5 of the reservoir area is distributed with large-scale fish spawning sites 51; the average slope of the branch flow 5 in the storage area is S 3, and the average flow rate of the branch flow 5 in the storage area is q 3.
The S 1<S2<S3. Namely, under the condition that the branch flow 5 of the reservoir area and the upstream main flow 4 are at the same river length position from the tail of the reservoir and the water diversion fish weir with the same height is built, the river bed elevation of the branch flow 5 of the reservoir area is higher than the elevation of the upstream main flow 4, so that water around the branch flow two of the reservoir can flow to the upstream main flow through self-flowing.
As shown in fig. 2 and 12, the water outlet of the fishway 6 is arranged at the dam foot of the dam 1, the water outlet of the fishway 6 is connected with the downstream main flow 2, and the fishway 6 starts to climb from the water outlet to the water inlet of the fishway 6 positioned in front of the dam 1 along the right bank slope; the water inlet of the fishway 6 is connected with the tail end of the first branch flow 7 of the winding warehouse, and the fishway water flow is from the first branch flow 7 of the winding warehouse; the fishway flow is Q 3.
The function of the fishway 6 is to provide a passage for fish to bypass the dam 1.
The first reservoir winding branch 7 is an artificial river channel built around the reservoir area 3; the water inlet end of the first branch flow 7 of the winding warehouse is connected with a water diversion fish weir 91 positioned in the upstream main flow 4, and the tail end of the first branch flow 7 of the winding warehouse is connected with the water inlet of the fishway 6; a plurality of oxygenation fish passing weirs 71 are arranged in the first warehouse winding branch flow 7.
In this embodiment, the bottom elevation of the joint of the first branch 7 of the winding warehouse and the water diversion fish weir 91 is 329m, the bottom elevation of the joint of the first branch 7 of the winding warehouse and the water inlet of the fishway 6 is 319m, and the total water head of the first branch 7 of the winding warehouse is 10m; the top elevation of the first reservoir winding branch 7 is higher than the reservoir high water level line 32; the average slope of the branch flows around the warehouse is I; the total length of the first winding branch 7 is 2500m.
The flow rate of the water inlet end of the first branch flow 7 of the winding warehouse is Q 1; after the first branch 7 of the winding warehouse flows through the water diversion weir 101 of the water diversion hydropower station 10, the flow of the first branch 7 of the winding warehouse is reduced to Q 2; further, after the first 7 flows around the warehouse branch flow passes through the water diversion weir 72, the final water flow flowing to the fishway 6 is Q 3; the Q 1>Q2>Q3.
As shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5, the first diversion fish-passing weir 91 is a barrage surface overflow weir positioned at the upstream main flow 4 and close to the tail of the reservoir 3; the first diversion fish passing weir 91 consists of a diversion weir 911, a river blocking weir 912 and a fish passing channel 913; the diversion weir 911 is a side weir of the oblique upstream main flow 4, the upstream end of the diversion weir 911 is connected with the river weir 912, and the downstream end is connected with the water inlet of the branch flow 7 around the warehouse; the river blocking weir 912 is cross weir for blocking the upstream main flow 4, is perpendicular to the water flow direction of the upstream main flow 4, one end of the river blocking weir 912 extends to the river bank of the upstream main flow 4, and the other end is connected with the upstream end of the diversion weir 911; the water inlet of the fish passing channel 913 is positioned at the upstream end of the river weir 912, the water outlet of the fish passing channel 913 is positioned at the downstream end of the river weir 912, the fish passing channel 913 is composed of a primary pool chamber formed by a partition wall and a baffle plate on the river weir 912, and the fish passing channel 913 is a fish passing building on the surface of the river weir 912.
As shown in fig. 3, the water flow from the upstream main flow 4 to the diversion weir one 91 may be divided into a first partial flow q 21, a second partial flow q 22, and a third partial flow q 23; the first part of water flow q 21 flows to the first branch 7 of the winding warehouse under the guiding action of the diversion weir 911; the second part of water flow q 22 overflows from the diversion weir crest 911 and the river blocking weir 912 and flows to the submerged dry-flow river 33 along the 91-dam surface of the diversion fish weir; the third part of water flow q 23 flows downwards along the primary pond chamber of the fish passage 913 from the water inlet of the fish passage 913, and flows to the submerged dry-flow river 33 from the water outlet of the fish passage 913.
The q 2＝q21+q22+q23.
The q 21＝Q1.
In an embodiment, the height of the water diversion fish passing weir-91 weir crest is 330m, and the height of the weir low is 322m; the functions of the water diversion fish weir one 91 include: ① The water level is raised, the hydraulic slope required by fish migration is formed around the first branch 7 of the reservoir, the water level in front of the weir is stabilized ②, the water depth and the flow of the first branch 7 of the reservoir are stabilized within a certain range, ③ is communicated with the upstream and the downstream of the weir, the connectivity between the upstream main flow 4 on the upstream side of the weir and the submerged main flow river section 33 of the reservoir on the downstream side of the weir is maintained through the fish passage 913, the ecological flow required by the submerged main flow river section 33 of the reservoir is ensured, the communication channel for the upstream main flow 4 is provided for the fish in the reservoir area 3, the communication channel for the fish in the upstream main flow 4 to the reservoir area 3 is provided, and ④ is used for blocking and guiding the adult fish, the spawn and the young fish on the downstream side to enter the first branch 7 of the reservoir.
As shown in FIG. 6, a typical cross section of a first store-bypassing branch 7 located at the upstream section of the water-guiding hydropower station 10 is shown, the water cross-sectional area A 1 of the first store-bypassing branch 7 is (b 1+n1h1)h1, corresponding to the flow rate Q 1 of the excess waterThe corresponding average flow velocity V 1＝Q1/A1, where b 1 is the bottom width of the corresponding segment of the first branch 7 of the winding base, n 1 is the corresponding slope coefficient of the first branch 7 of the winding base, h 1 is the water depth of the corresponding segment of the first branch 7 of the winding base, C 1 is the corresponding metabolic coefficient, R 1 is the corresponding hydraulic radius, and I 1 is the slope drop of the corresponding segment of the first branch 7 of the winding base.
As shown in FIG. 7, a typical cross section of a first store-bypassing branch 7 at a downstream section of the water-guiding hydropower station 10 is shown, the water cross-sectional area A 2 of the first store-bypassing branch 7 is (b 2+n2h2)h2, corresponding to the flow rate Q 2 of the excess waterThe corresponding average flow velocity V 2＝Q2/A2, where b 2 is the bottom width of the corresponding segment of the first branch 7 of the winding base, n 2 is the corresponding slope coefficient of the first branch 7 of the winding base, h 2 is the water depth of the corresponding segment of the first branch 7 of the winding base, C 2 is the schlemm coefficient, R 2 is the corresponding hydraulic radius, I 2 is the slope of the corresponding segment of the first branch 7 of the winding base, and a 1>A2.
The V 1 and the V 2 are larger than the minimum flow velocity V b generated by the upstream tracing action of the upstream tracing fish, and the V 1 and the V 2 can carry fish eggs and juvenile fish to the downstream.
As shown in fig. 13, 14 and 15, a plurality of oxygen-increasing fish-passing weirs 71 which are beneficial to building various habitats and various hydraulic conditions are arranged in the first branch flow 7 of the winding warehouse, and the oxygen-increasing fish-passing weirs 71 are overflow weirs with fish-passing functions which are arranged in the first branch flow 7 of the winding warehouse; a deep pool habitat is formed between the adjacent oxygenation fish passing weirs 71; the oxygenation fish passing weir 71 consists of a water drop section 711 and a fish passing section 712; a part of the oxygenation water flowing from the upstream of the oxygenation fish passing weir 71 falls into the downstream pool from the water falling section 711, and the other part flows from the fish passing section 712 to the downstream pool through the primary pool chamber; the drop section 711 is a water permeable weir formed by stacking stone blocks and pebbles, the drop head drop of the upstream and downstream of the drop section 711 is delta H 1, and delta H 1 is not higher than 30cm; the drop process of the drop section 711 increases the contact between the water surface and the air, and increases the dissolved oxygen of the water body; the fish passing section 712 is positioned at one side of the drop section 711, the fish passing section 712 is a water passing channel with a multi-stage partition plate for dividing into N stages of pool chambers, and the head drop of the adjacent pool chambers of the fish passing section 712 is delta H 2; the Δh 1＝NΔH2; the water head difference delta H 2 between the primary pool chambers is not higher thanWherein V max is the maximum burst swimming speed of the fish to be traced, and g is the gravitational acceleration obtained by experimental test; the main function of the oxygen-increasing fish-passing weir 71 is to create various water environments for the first branch of the winding warehouse 7, so that the first branch of the winding warehouse 7 has various water depths and flow rates, and the dissolved oxygen in the first branch of the winding warehouse is increased.
The oxygenation fish passing weir not only can increase the flow and habitat diversity of branch flows around the warehouse and increase the oxygen content of branch flows around the warehouse, but also can allow fish with different swimming characteristics to pass up and down.
The functions of the first winding warehouse branch 7 include: ① Under the condition of combining with the fishway 6, the downstream main flow 2 and the upstream main flow 4 are communicated, ② provides a channel for fish migration to bypass an ecological trap constructed in the reservoir area 3, ③ builds diversified habitats, provides proper and diversified hydraulic conditions and water physicochemical factors for fish migration, ④ bears the function of a water channel of the water diversion type hydropower station 10, and provides power generation flow for the water diversion type hydropower station 10.
As shown in fig. 9, the diversion hydropower station 10 is composed of a diversion weir one 101, a diversion channel 102, a diversion pipeline 103, a generator set 104 and a power generation plant 105; the first water diversion weir 101 separates the first branch 7 of the reservoir from the water diversion channel 102, and the first water diversion weir 101 guides a part of incoming water upstream of the first branch of the reservoir to the downstream of the branch of the reservoir, and a part overflows to the water diversion channel 102 through the top of the first water diversion weir 101; the water outlet end of the water channel 102 is connected with the water channel 103, and the water channel 102 is a channel for leading water around the branch first in the warehouse to enter the water channel 103; the water outlet end of the water diversion pipeline 103 is connected with the generator set 104, water entering the water diversion pipeline 103 flows out and then drives the generator set 104 to rotate so as to generate electricity, and the generated water flow flows into the reservoir area 3; the generator set 104 is installed in a power generation plant 105; the generator set 104 is installed at a height not lower than the reservoir high water level line 32 and lower than the first 7 branch of the winding reservoir.
The flow rate of the water overflows through the top of the first weir 101 to the water conduit 102 is (Q 1-Q2).
In this embodiment, the water diversion type hydropower station 10 can utilize a water head drop of 9m for power generation.
The main functions of the diversion hydropower station 10 are as follows: ① The water flow of the downstream section of the first branch flow 7 of the winding warehouse is reduced, the engineering investment of the first branch flow 7 of the winding warehouse is reduced, and the power generation benefit is increased by ②.
As shown in fig. 11, the water diversion weir two 72 is located at the junction of the first branch flow 7 of the reservoir winding and the fishway 6, the water diversion weir two 72 divides the water flow Q 2 of the first branch flow 7 of the reservoir winding into two parts, one part is led to the fishway 6, the other part is led to the reservoir area 3, the water flow rate led to the fishway 6 is Q 3, and the water flow rate led to the reservoir area 3 is (Q 2-Q3).
The second reservoir winding branch flow 8 is an artificial river channel built around the reservoir storage area 3; the water inlet end of the secondary winding branch flow 8 is connected with a water diversion fish-passing weir II 92 positioned in the secondary winding branch flow 5, the water outlet end of the secondary winding branch flow 8 is connected with the upstream main flow 4, and the tail end of the secondary winding branch flow 8 is positioned upstream of the water diversion fish-passing weir I91.
In this embodiment, the water level of the water inlet end of the second branch 8 of the winding warehouse is 335m, the water level of the water outlet end is 330m, and the total length of the second branch 8 of the winding warehouse is 1680m.
A typical cross section around the second magazine branch 8 is shown in fig. 8.
The secondary branch flow 8 of the winding warehouse has the main functions of: ① The fish upstream from upstream main stream 4 to reservoir side stream 5 and fish upstream from reservoir side stream 5 provide a natural river-like path bypassing the ecological traps of reservoir side stream 3, ② in combination with reservoir side stream 7 and fishway 6 provide a path for upstream migratory fish located in downstream main stream 2 to bypass the ecological traps of reservoir side stream 3 to reservoir side stream spawning site 51, ④ directs the water flow of reservoir side stream 5 to upstream main stream 4, and water resources are utilized centrally for diversion of hydropower station 10 for power generation.
The second water diversion fish-passing weir 92 is composed and functions the same as the first water diversion fish-passing weir 91.
The management road 11 is a road for operation maintenance built along one side of the first branch flow 7 and the second branch flow 8.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Claims (7)
1. A fish three-station two-channel interconnection and intercommunication and reservoir ecological trap avoiding system comprises a main stream and a branch stream which are continuous and communicated, wherein a spawning site for migratory fish is arranged on the upstream of the main stream and in the branch stream; the method is characterized in that: the system comprises a river barrage (1) constructed downstream of a confluence position of the branch flow and the main flow, wherein the river barrage (1) divides the main flow into a downstream main flow (2) and an upstream main flow (4); building a barrage (1) to form a reservoir area (3) in front of the barrage, and forming tributaries into tributaries (5) of the reservoir area; a fishway (6) is built under the dam of the river blocking dam (1), and a first branch (7) and a second branch (8) of the reservoir are built around the reservoir area (3); the head end of the first branch flow (7) of the winding warehouse is connected with the upstream main flow (4), the tail end of the first branch flow is connected with the head end of the fishway (6), and the tail end of the fishway (6) is connected with the downstream main flow (2); the head end of the secondary winding branch flow (8) is connected with the secondary winding branch flow (5), and the tail end is connected with the upstream main flow (4); a water diversion fish passing weir I (91) is arranged in the upstream main flow (4), and the water diversion fish passing weir I (91) comprises a water diversion weir (911), a river blocking weir (912) and a fish passing channel (913); the diversion weir (911) is connected with the head end of the branch flow (7) of the winding reservoir, the water inlet end of the fish passing channel (913) is connected with the upstream main flow (4), and the water outlet end is connected with the reservoir region (3).
2. The fish three-field two-channel interconnection and intercommunication and reservoir ecological trap avoidance system according to claim 1, wherein: the average gradient of the downstream main flow (2) is S 1, and the average flow is q 1; a fish spawning site (41) and an upstream main stream cableway site (43) are distributed in the upstream main stream (4); the average gradient of the upstream main flow (4) is S 2, and the average flow is q 2; fish spawning sites (51) are distributed in the branch flows (5) of the reservoir area; the average slope of the branch flow (5) in the warehouse area is S 3, and the average flow is q 3; the S 1<S2<S3,q1<q2<q3.
3. The fish three-field two-channel interconnection and intercommunication and reservoir ecological trap avoidance system according to claim 1, wherein: the flow speed of the reservoir area (3) is lower than the minimum flow speed V b generated by the countercurrent upward tracing action of the migratory fish, and is insufficient for carrying the fish eggs and young fish to flow downstream; the average water flow velocity of the secondary branch (8), the primary branch (7) and the fishway (6) is larger than the minimum flow velocity V b generated by the upstream-tracing behavior of the upstream-tracing fish, and the secondary branch is sufficient for carrying the fish eggs and the juvenile fish to flow downstream.
4. The fish three-field two-channel interconnection and intercommunication and reservoir ecological trap avoidance system according to claim 1, wherein: a water diversion type hydropower station (10) is arranged in the first branch (7) of the winding warehouse, and the water diversion type hydropower station (10) comprises a first water diversion weir (101), a water diversion channel (102), a water diversion pipeline (103), a generator set (104) and a power generation factory building (105) which are sequentially arranged; the first water diversion weir (101) guides part of water flow around the first reservoir tributary (7) to the water diversion channel (102) and flows into the reservoir area (3) after sequentially passing through the water diversion pipeline (103) and the generator set (104).
5. The fish three-field two-channel interconnection and intercommunication and reservoir ecological trap avoidance system according to claim 1, wherein: a plurality of oxygenation fish passing weirs (71) are arranged in the first warehouse winding branch (7) and the second warehouse winding branch (8), and a deep pool habitat is formed between adjacent oxygenation fish passing weirs (71); the oxygenation fish passing weir (71) consists of a water drop section (711) and a fish passing section (712); the water drop section (711) is a permeable weir formed by stacking block stones and/or pebbles, and the drop head drop of the upstream and downstream water drop sections (711) is delta H 1,ΔH1 not higher than 30cm; the fish passing section (712) is positioned at one side of the drop section (711); the fish passing section (712) is a water passing fish passage which is divided into N stages of pool chambers by a multi-stage partition board, and the head drop of the adjacent pool chambers of the fish passing section (712) is delta H 2; the Δh 1＝NΔH2; the water head difference delta H 2 between the adjacent pool chambers is not higher thanWherein V max is the maximum burst swimming speed of the fish, and g is the gravity acceleration.
6. The fish three-field two-channel interconnection and intercommunication and reservoir ecological trap avoidance system according to claim 1, wherein: and a water diversion weir II (72) is arranged at the joint of the head end of the fishway (6) and the first branch (7) of the winding warehouse.
7. The fish three-field two-channel interconnection and intercommunication and reservoir ecological trap avoidance system according to claim 1, wherein: a water diversion fish-passing weir II (92) is arranged in the warehouse area branch flow (5), the water diversion fish-passing weir II (92) is connected with the head end of the warehouse winding branch flow II (8), and the tail end of the warehouse winding branch flow II (8) is positioned at the upstream of the water diversion fish-passing weir I (91); the water diversion fish passing weir II (92) has the same structure as the water diversion fish passing weir I (91).
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