CN116288024A - 一种成形性能良好的高强热基镀锌钢板及其制造方法 - Google Patents
一种成形性能良好的高强热基镀锌钢板及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116288024A CN116288024A CN202310196444.6A CN202310196444A CN116288024A CN 116288024 A CN116288024 A CN 116288024A CN 202310196444 A CN202310196444 A CN 202310196444A CN 116288024 A CN116288024 A CN 116288024A
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- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000008397 galvanized steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 100
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 43
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- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
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- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical group [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
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- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
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- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 5
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical group [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 229910001275 Niobium-titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- RJSRQTFBFAJJIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium titanium Chemical compound [Ti].[Nb] RJSRQTFBFAJJIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FJMNNXLGOUYVHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum zinc Chemical compound [Al].[Zn] FJMNNXLGOUYVHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010960 cold rolled steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007761 roller coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B21B1/24—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length in a continuous or semi-continuous process
- B21B1/26—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length in a continuous or semi-continuous process by hot-rolling, e.g. Steckel hot mill
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种成形性能良好的高强热基镀锌钢板及其制造方法,属于冶金技术领域。该热基镀锌钢板的化学成分重量百分比为C:0.07%~0.12%、Si≤0.06%、Mn:0.9%~1.2%、P≤0.015%、S≤0.010%、Als:0.035%~0.055%、Ti:0.015%~0.025%、Nb:0.030%~0.045%、N≤0.0030%,其中0.045%≤Nb+Ti≤0.070%,0.5≤Ti/Nb比值≤0.7,制得的热基镀锌钢板上屈服强度Reh为605~625MPa,抗拉强度为640~665MPa,延伸率≥20%,屈强比≥0.9,表面质量满足GB2518中FC表面等级要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于冶金技术领域,更具体地说,涉及一种成形性能良好的高强热基镀锌钢板及其制造方法。
背景技术
热基镀锌板具有良好的力学性能、成形、焊接性能及耐腐蚀性能,现阶段被广泛地应用于建筑钢构业、仓储业及光伏制造业等行业。与传统的冷基镀锌板材料相比,热基镀锌产品是直接以酸洗后的热轧板为原料进行涂镀作业,可生产规格更厚的产品,同时由于减少了冷轧工序,热基镀锌产品生产流程更短、成本更低、绿色节能环保的优势突出明显,正在逐渐取代价格较高的冷轧镀锌板。
现有的生产技术中,高强度级别的热基镀锌钢板主要为屈服强度在420~550Mpa,抗拉强度560~650Mpa,且断后延伸率较低,强度与塑性的匹配性较差;同时受限热基镀锌板制备工艺的复杂,容易导致镀锌钢板镀层表面质量差,可镀性差,最终无法得到性能优良且表面质量优异的高强度级别钢热基镀锌钢卷,使其应用领域受到极大限制。
经检索,专利CN111621706A公开了一种无铝花的镀铝硅钢板及其制备工艺、应用,属于金属材料领域。钢板包括基板和镀层,基板的化学成分按质量百分比计为C≤0.0030%,Si≤0.030%,Mn≤0.20%,P≤0.015%,S≤0.010%,Als:0.030%~0.055%,Nb≤0.10%,Ti≤0.10%,N≤0.0040%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质;镀层的主要成分为铝,镀层上铝花的尺寸小于1mm;制备工艺步骤为:将铁水经炼钢、连铸、热轧、冷轧、热浸镀铝硅工艺、镀后冷却、喷铝粉工艺、光整工艺,继续进行拉矫、辊涂、烘干、涂油、卷取等工艺,得到无铝花的镀铝硅钢板。该专利虽然组分相似,但其包括冷轧工序,导致产品的制造成本提升,且钢板的强度有限,无法适用于热基镀锌板。
申请公布号CN102703815A的中国专利文件公布一种600MPa级热轧双相钢及其制备方法。本发明600MPa级热轧双相钢,钢板化学成分按质量百分数为C:0.05~0.07%,Si:0.1~0.4%,Mn:1.10~1.50%,Cr:0.5~0.7%,余量为Fe;组织为软相铁素体和硬相马氏体,其屈服强度Rp0.2为355~375MPa,抗拉强度Rm为590~650MPa,屈强比为0.56~0.60,断后总伸长率为24~30%,该钢板性能虽抗拉强度与本专利类似,但其屈服强度、屈强比有限。
专利公开号为CN105274432A的发明公开了一种600MPa级高屈强比高塑性冷轧钢板及其制备方法,钢板化学成分按质量百分数为C:0.06%~0.12%、Si:0.02%~0.10%、Mn:1.40%~2.00%、P:≤0.015%、S:≤0.010%、Al:0.02%~0.10%、N:≤0.0050%,Nb:0.015%~0.045%、Ti:0.020%~0.055%并且满足0.035%≤Nb+Ti≤0.100%,余量为Fe和其它一些不可避免的杂质。屈服强度大于500MPa,抗拉强度在600MPa以上,断后延伸率大于19%,屈强比大于0.8,该钢板不属于涂镀产品领域,由于表面缺少一定厚度的纯锌层,无法提供一种优良的防腐性能。
专利公开号为CN112251680A的发明公开了一种热基无锌花镀锌钢卷及其生产方法,钢板化学成分按质量百分数为C:0.15~0.18%;Si≤0.1%;Mn:0.67~0.7%;P≤0.02%;S≤0.01%;Als:0.022~0.04%;Nb:0.009~0.012%;V:0.003~0.007%;Ti:0.048~0.06%,余量为Fe及不可避免杂质。屈服强度达到500~600MPa,抗拉强度达到600~700MPa,延伸率≥18%;该热基镀锌板虽抗拉强度与本专利产品类似,但是其屈服强度偏低,同时由于添加了一定的钒(V)合金调整钢板的性能,造成该产品的制造成本偏高。
专利公开号为CN112281079A的发明公开了一种热基镀锌钢卷及其制备方法,钢板化学成分按质量百分数为C:0.06~0.09%,Si:0.04~0.08%,Mn:1.0~1.2%,P≤0.02%,S≤0.01%,Cu≤0.02%,Ni≤0.03%,Cr≤0.01%,余量为Fe及不可避免杂质。该热基镀锌板由于未对炼钢、热轧及酸洗等前段制造工序进行控制,容易导致该涂镀产品出现漏镀、锌渣等表面质量缺陷。
专利公开号为CN110541107A的发明公开了一种抗拉强度600MPa级热镀铝锌钢板及其制造方法。钢板化学成分按质量百分数为C:0.12~0.15%,Si:0.1~0.2%,Mn:1.0~1.2%,Ti:0.025~0.035%,P:0~0.015%,S:0~0.015%,B:0.0020~0.0040%,其余为Fe和不可避免夹杂。其屈服强度Rp0.2为350~450MPa,抗拉强度Rm为600~700MPa,但该专利Si含量偏高,容易造成镀层钢板的表面质量恶化,镀层粘附性变差,同时其屈服强度、屈强比均偏低。
以上专利中的热基镀锌钢板均存在强度和屈强比偏低的问题。
发明内容
1.要解决的问题
针对现有技术中热基镀锌板强度、屈强比和塑性无法兼顾的问题,本发明提供一种成形性能良好的高强热基镀锌钢板及其制造方法,制得的钢板具有高强度、高屈强比的同时保持较高的塑性。
2.技术方案
为了解决上述问题,本发明所采用的技术方案如下:
本发明提供一种成形性能良好的高强热基镀锌钢板及其制造方法,该热基镀锌钢板的化学成分重量百分比为C:0.07%~0.12%、Si≤0.06%、Mn:0.9%~1.2%、P≤0.015%、S≤0.010%、Als:0.035%~0.055%、Ti:0.015%~0.025%、Nb:0.030%~0.045%、N≤0.0030%,其余为铁和其他杂质。所述热基镀锌钢板的化学成分配比满足公式:0.045%≤Nb+Ti≤0.070%,且满足0.5≤Ti/Nb比值≤0.7。
本发明钢种成分控制原理如下:
C:是钢中经济性较强的固溶强化元素,能有效平衡钢的强度和延展性。随着碳含量的增加钢基体强度明显增加,但材料塑性也会快速下降,为保证钢的高强度、高屈强比,同时兼顾材料的塑性,加工性能。本发明中C控制在0.07%~0.12%。
Si:对材料的强度贡献度较大,促使碳向奥氏体偏聚及抑制碳化物的形成,但本发明主要采用铌钛的碳氮化物在铁素体相中的析出强化,兼以晶粒细化来提高钢板强度、塑性和屈强比。但硅含量过多,容易造成钢板表面硅元素富集,进而氧化,影响镀层的结合力,易出现漏镀、锌渣等情况,恶化镀层表面质量。综合利弊,本发明中Si控制在0.06%以下。
Mn:重要固溶强化元素,亦能够扩大奥氏体相区,稳定奥氏体,并提高钢板的淬透性能,保证钢的综合性能,但锰含量过高,容易引起材料内部形成带状组织,并影响钢板的焊接性能,锰含量过低,则导致材料强度不足。因此本发明Mn含量控制在Mn 0.9~1.2%。
P、S:二者在本专利中均为钢中的有害元素。P易在晶界上偏聚引起脆化,造成“冷脆”现象;S在钢中易与Mn元素形成MnS等夹杂物,使钢的性能和焊接性变差。同时,过高的S元素也容易消耗本发明材料内部的Ti、Nb等析出强化元素,在冶炼或热轧过程中析出,形成粗大的(Ti/Nb)4C2S2等析出物,影响铌钛的碳氮化物的析出强化效果。因此本发明中P,S含量分别控制在0.015%和0.010%以下。
Al:Al是重要的脱氧剂,同时还形成AlN,起到一定的细化晶粒作用。钢中的Als不宜过低,否则容易造成钢内分散有大量Mn、Si等元素的氧化物,恶化钢的品质,但添加过多的Al,容易形成氧化铝导致夹杂物增多,影响钢的塑性及钢基板表面状态,本发明中Al含量控制在0.035%~0.055%。
N:能强化钢板,提高钢板低温韧性和焊接性,但大量的氮化物析出,容易过多消耗材料内部的Ti、Nb等析出强化元素,造成材料强度和延伸率、焊接性劣化,本发明中N含量控制在0.0030%以下。
Nb、Ti:二者均为析出强化元素,能够有效提高钢的强度并具有细化晶粒的作用。钢中加入Nb和Ti元素,高温下形成(Ti/Nb)的氮化物及碳氮化物、碳硫化物,净化铁素体基体,细化晶粒尺寸,低温时形成细小、弥散的碳化物,有效的保证钢板的强度与塑性。综合考虑本专利的材料经济性及低成本性,本发明Ti含量控制在0.015%~0.025%,Nb含量控制在0.030%~0.045%。
本发明化学成分Ti+Nb的总值及Ti/Nb比值需满足公式:0.045%≤Nb+Ti≤0.070%,且满足0.5≤Ti/Nb比值≤0.7的理由:若Ti+Nb的总值低于0.045%,则容易造成铁素体中弥散的细小碳化物、碳氮化物析出不足,导致产品的强度不足。若超过0.070%,则析出强化效果太强,容易造成塑性偏低,材料加工性能弱化,亦不符合本专利的经济性、低成本性特性。保持Ti+Nb的总值不变的情况下,若Ti/Nb比值≤0.5,则钢中固溶的Ti元素偏低,由于钛的氮化物或碳氮化物的析出温度较铌元素的偏高,则容易造成材料在连铸或热轧过程中不能析出足够的碳氮化物,无法有效抑制晶粒尺寸的长大,导致材料晶粒度偏低,强度、屈强比及塑性明显不足;同理若Ti/Nb比值≥0.7,则容易造成材料在热轧卷取或后续的镀锌退火过程中铌的碳氮化物析出不足,造成材料强度和屈强比的下降。
本发明还公开了制造上述成形性能良好的高强热基镀锌钢板的方法,主要包括转炉冶炼、连铸、热轧、酸洗、卧式退火、镀锌处理、平整,连铸板坯经加热炉加热至1210~1250℃后进行热轧,所述热轧为两段式轧制工艺,粗轧为5道次连轧,精轧为7道次连轧,粗轧后采用热卷箱进行高温卷取保温,温度控制为1150~1180℃,精轧开轧温度为1010~1150℃,终轧温度为860~900℃,粗轧和精轧的入口、出口和机架间均采用高压水进行除磷或冷却,喷水喷嘴的倾角向下为0~15°,喷嘴最大压力值为180~200bar,喷嘴到板坯的距离为70~100mm,精轧后采用前段冷却的层流冷却方式,控制卷取温度为580~600℃获得热轧钢卷。
热轧钢卷重新开卷后经酸洗、卧式连续退火炉退火、热镀锌、气刀吹扫、镀后冷却、光整,卷取得到厚度为2.50mm~6.5mm成品热基镀锌钢板,酸洗处理工序中,采用拉矫机对钢板表面氧化铁皮拉矫破坏,拉矫延伸率为1.2~1.8%,酸洗槽由三个串连并相互独立的酸槽组成,采用三段连续式盐酸酸洗,1号酸槽HCL浓度为40~75g/L;2号酸槽HCL浓度为95~140g/L;3号酸槽HCL浓度为140~180g/L,酸洗温度为70~80℃,酸洗后的漂洗水温度为50~80℃,烘干温度为80~110℃;退火处理中,钢板在改良森吉米尔卧式退火炉进行退火处理,直燃段(NOF段)温度为650~670℃,辐射段(RTF段)的温度为630~650℃,电磁保温段(ESF段)的温度为630~650℃,冷却段(JCS段)的温度为455~465℃,炉内的H2含量为12%~16%,氧含量(O2)≤20ppm,露点(Dp)≤-25℃;控制带钢运行速度为50~75m/min,退火后的钢板进入热镀锌工序,锌锅温度为450~460℃;锌锅中锌液的成分主要包括Al:0.18%~0.25%,Fe:0.010%~0.030%,余量为Zn。所述气刀吹扫工序中的产线速度为50-75m/min,气刀距离为14-21mm,气刀压力为110-130mba,气刀高度为160-200mm。镀后冷却工序中的上冷却塔温度≤200℃,水淬处理工序中的水淬温度为40-60℃;光整延伸为率0.5~1.0%。
本发明选择上述工艺参数的原因如下:
板坯在加热炉的均热温度为1210~1250℃,若均热温度控制在1210℃以下,容易造成Nb的固溶量降低,弱化析出强化效果,但均热温度不宜高过1250℃,以避免板坯出现过多的一次氧化铁皮,增加除磷难度。
钢板经粗轧后采用热卷箱进行高温卷取,控制温度为1150~1180℃,热卷箱兼具有破鳞功能和保证带钢温度均匀性的作用。通过卷取和开卷过程中对板坯的机械弯曲变形,使表面脆硬的二次氧化铁皮破碎,再通过高速卷取,使氧化铁皮被抛离带钢,实现表面良好的除鳞效果;对于温度的控制,若低于1150℃,容易造成后续精轧时带钢温度的差异较大,不利于性能的稳定;而高于1180℃,则容易造成二次氧化铁皮的增加,不利于后续钢板的表面质量。
精轧开轧温度控制在1010~1150℃,主要是为了实现完全奥氏体区域轧制,降低轧机前机架的轧制负荷;
终轧温度控制在860~900℃,低于860℃轧制,不利于Ti、Nb等微合金元素的碳氮化物析出,弱化晶粒细化效果,同时容易增加钢内的带状组织。若终轧温度超过900℃,容易造成再结晶晶粒异常长大,影响性能稳定性,同时,过高的终轧温度导致氧化物的生成量增多,增加酸洗钢板的难度,造成钢板的表面质量变差,表面等级下降。
粗轧和精轧的入口、出口和机架间的喷嘴喷水最大压力值为180~200bar,喷嘴到板坯的距离为70~100mm。喷嘴倾角向下为0~15°,该工序主要是去除钢坯在加热和热轧过程中表面形成的一次、二次氧化铁皮,防止氧化铁压入基板表面过深,增加酸洗难度,进而造成后续涂镀工序中钢板出现漏镀、色差等表面质量缺陷;
卷取温度控制在580~600℃,若温度高于600℃,容易造成Ti、Nb等微合金元素的碳氮化物发生粗化及晶粒尺寸的增加,导致钢板的强度降低,塑性变差;同时表面形成氧化铁偏多,容易造成后续钢板的表面质量变差,若低于580℃,则容易造成Ti、Nb等微合金元素的碳氮化物的析出量过少,导致钢板的强度偏低,屈强比下降。
酸洗工序中,拉矫的延伸率设定为1.2~1.8%,主要作用为破坏钢板表面氧化铁皮的连续性及粘附性,若延伸率低于1.2%,则容易造成酸洗的效果不足,导致后续镀锌工艺出现漏镀等问题;若超过1.8%,则增加拉矫设备的损耗程度。
酸洗工序中,酸洗槽中的1号酸槽HCL浓度为40~75g/L;2号酸槽HCL浓度为95~140g/L;3号酸槽HCL浓度为140~180g/L,酸洗温度为70~80℃,酸洗后的漂洗水温度为50~80℃,烘干温度为80~110℃;主要为清除热轧钢基板表面的油污、锈迹、氧化皮,以增加锌层与基板的结合力,保证钢板镀层表面质量良好。
退火处理中,钢板在改良森吉米尔卧式退火炉进行退火处理,直燃段(NOF段)温度为650~670℃,辐射段(RTF段)的温度为630~650℃,电磁保温段(ESF段)的温度为630~650℃,冷却段(JCS段)的温度为455~465℃;控制带钢运行速度为50~75m/min,该工序可使在热轧卷取过程中,钢内固溶的Ti,Nb等微量化学元素进一步与碳结合,在铁素体内部形成更加弥散、细小的碳化物,进而提高钢板的强度及屈强比。同时,采用直燃段(NOF段)板带温度略大于辐射段(RTF段)板带温度,即可以保证板带在直燃段完成加热退火和保温过程,也能够节约能耗,降低生产成本。本发明的热基镀锌钢板退火温度低于冷轧钢板,冷轧过程中,由于晶粒需要经过轧制破碎、再长大的过程,因此温度越高,晶粒越容易粗大,导致钢板强度和屈强比的降低,而在热基镀锌钢板的制备无需经过冷轧,因此可以选取较低的退火温度,即可获得较高的强度。
退火炉内的H2含量为12~16%,氧含量氧含量(O2)≤20ppm,露点(Dp)≤-25℃;对氢含量、氧含量及露点的限定可确保了钢板表面残余的氧化铁被充分还原,形成海绵状还原铁,既有助于提升锌层的附着力,同时可降低带钢在涂镀过程中,出现漏镀、锌渣等表面质量问题的发生。
锌锅温度为450-460℃;锌液成分主要包括:Al:0.18%~0.25%,Fe:0.010%~0.030%,余量为Zn。对锌锅温度及铝含量的控制可提高镀层与钢板之间的附着力,并改善镀液的纯净度,防止镀层表面质量变差。
气刀吹扫工序中气刀距离为14-21mm,气刀压力为110-130mba,气刀高度为160-200mm。上冷却塔温度≤200℃,水淬温度为40-60℃,光整延伸为率0.5~1.0%。采用上述气刀及后续镀层冷却参数,结合光整延伸率控制,可确保锌层厚度的均匀性及耐蚀性,并取得良好的钢板镀层表面质量。
热基镀锌钢板由于相较于常规的冷基镀锌钢板减少了冷轧的工序,无法产生加工硬化的效果,导致其难以到达较高的强度,现有技术中常通过加入各种加强元素提高基板的强度,但强度的提高往往带来塑性的降低,因此本发明针对热基镀锌板存在强度、屈强比不足的问题,提供了一种成形性能良好的高强热基镀锌钢板及其制造方法,首先通过合适的成分配比,利用Mn、Nb和Ti达到钢板内铁素体晶粒细化及(Nb、Ti)碳氮化物弥散析出,实现析出强化和细晶强化的复合强化效果,其次采用较低温度的退火处理,避免内部组织晶粒长大的同时,实现钢板的时效强化效果,保证钢板具有更高的强度。
更进一步地,更提高钢板的表面质量,本发明加入含量较低的Si,同时控制除磷或冷却过程中高压水的喷射参数,去除钢坯在加热和热轧过程中表面形成的氧化铁皮,防止氧化铁压入基板表面过深,增加酸洗难度,进而造成后续涂镀工序中钢板出现漏镀、色差等表面质量缺陷,提高钢板的表面质量。
通过钢的冶炼成分和热轧、酸洗和退火及镀锌等工艺参数的控制,最终获得强度与屈强比更高,塑性更佳的低成本,经济性的热基镀锌钢板,力学性能满足上屈服强度Reh达到605~625MPa,抗拉强度达到640~665MPa,延伸率≥20%,屈强比≥0.9,晶粒度≥12级,该钢板的镀层质量高,表面质量满足GB2518中FC表面等级要求。
3.有益效果
相比于现有技术,本发明的有益效果为:
(1)本发明通过在钢板内加入适量经济性C元素和Mn元素的基础上,添加一定量Ti和Nb元素,配合一定的制造工艺,并控制Ti/Nb二者元素含量的比例,使其产生沉淀强化和细化晶粒的共同作用,实现兼容高强度、高屈强比与高塑性的热基镀锌钢板,制得的热基镀锌钢板上屈服强度Reh达到605~625MPa,抗拉强度达到640~665MPa,延伸率≥20%,屈强比≥0.9;
(2)本发明通过热轧时的控轧控冷及除磷工艺得到合理的热轧组织和优异表面状态的热轧基板,其晶粒度≥12级,表面质量满足GB2518中FC表面等级要求;
(3)本发明利用卧式炉退火炉短时间退火、快速冷却、高还原性炉内气氛等特点,控制锌锅、气刀及镀后冷却等工序参数,最终得到的热基镀锌钢板可满足建筑、仓储业及光伏制造业等行业对强度、塑性及高表面质量的要求。
附图说明
以下将结合附图和实施例来对本发明的技术方案作进一步的详细描述,但是应当知道,这些附图仅是为解释目的而设计的,因此不作为本发明范围的限定。此外,除非特别指出,这些附图仅意在概念性地说明此处描述的结构构造,而不必要依比例进行绘制。
图1为本发明钢板金相组织图;
图2为本发明钢板表面状态。
具体实施方式
下文对本发明的示例性实施例的详细描述参考了附图,该附图形成描述的一部分,在该附图中作为示例示出了本发明可实施的示例性实施例。尽管这些示例性实施例被充分详细地描述以使得本领域技术人员能够实施本发明,但应当理解可实现其他实施例且可在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下对本发明作各种改变。下文对本发明的实施例的更详细的描述并不用于限制所要求的本发明的范围,而仅仅为了进行举例说明且不限制对本发明的特点和特征的描述,以提出执行本发明的最佳方式,并足以使得本领域技术人员能够实施本发明。因此,本发明的范围仅由所附权利要求来限定。
下面通过一些实施例对本发明进一步说明。实施例钢的成分见表1,热轧工艺参数见表2,酸洗工序参数见表3,退火工艺参数见表4,热镀及气刀工艺参数见表5,力学性能及表面质量见表6。
表1本发明各实施例钢的化学成分(质量分数%)
实施例 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
C | 0.1 | 0.07 | 0.12 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.09 |
Si | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.05 |
Mn | 1 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1 | 1.1 | 1 |
P | 0.007 | 0.006 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.007 |
S | 0.008 | 0.009 | 0.007 | 0.008 | 0.006 | 0.006 |
Als | 0.045 | 0.035 | 0.05 | 0.045 | 0.035 | 0.045 |
N | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.0015 | 0.002 | 0.0015 | 0.002 |
Ti | 0.02 | 0.015 | 0.025 | 0.018 | 0.02 | 0.022 |
Nb | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.039 |
Ti+Nb | 0.06 | 0.045 | 0.07 | 0.053 | 0.055 | 0.061 |
Ti/Nb | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.51 | 0.57 | 0.56 |
表2本发明各实施例钢的热轧工艺参数
实施例 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
铸坯加热温度(℃) | 1230 | 1210 | 1250 | 1230 | 1210 | 1220 |
热卷箱保温温度(℃) | 1160 | 1150 | 1180 | 1160 | 1170 | 1160 |
精轧开轧温度(℃) | 1140 | 1150 | 1010 | 1100 | 1090 | 1150 |
精轧终轧温度(℃) | 880 | 900 | 880 | 900 | 890 | 885 |
卷取温度(℃) | 580 | 600 | 580 | 590 | 585 | 585 |
喷嘴最大压力(bar) | 195 | 195 | 180 | 190 | 200 | 200 |
喷嘴距板坯距离(mm) | 80 | 80 | 70 | 75 | 100 | 90 |
喷嘴角度(°) | 14 | 13 | 15 | 13 | 15 | 13 |
表3本发明各实施例钢的酸洗工艺参数
表4本发明各实施例钢的退火工艺参数
实施例 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
直燃段(℃) | 660 | 670 | 650 | 655 | 665 | 650 |
辐射段(℃) | 640 | 640 | 630 | 650 | 635 | 645 |
保温段(℃) | 640 | 640 | 630 | 650 | 635 | 645 |
冷却段(℃) | 455 | 460 | 455 | 465 | 460 | 460 |
炉内H2含量(%) | 13 | 12 | 15 | 16 | 14 | 12 |
炉内O2含量(ppm) | 18 | 19 | 20 | 19 | 17 | 18 |
露点(℃) | -25 | -26 | -30 | -28 | -29 | -27 |
运行速度(m/min) | 55 | 60 | 70 | 75 | 50 | 60 |
表5本发明各实施例钢的热镀及气刀工艺参数
实施例 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
锌锅温度(℃) | 455 | 460 | 450 | 453 | 459 | 455 |
锌锅Al含量(%) | 0.2 | 0.23 | 0.25 | 0.18 | 0.21 | 0.22 |
锌锅Fe含量(%) | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.015 | 0.02 | 0.025 |
气刀距离(mm) | 15 | 21 | 14 | 18 | 16 | 20 |
气刀压力(mba) | 120 | 110 | 130 | 120 | 125 | 130 |
气刀高度(mm) | 160 | 170 | 180 | 200 | 180 | 190 |
上冷却塔温度(℃) | 200 | 195 | 190 | 190 | 195 | 200 |
水淬温度(℃) | 50 | 40 | 60 | 55 | 45 | 50 |
光整延伸率(%) | 0.8 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 1 | 0.8 |
表6本发明各实施例钢的力学性能及表面质量
按本发明采用低成本的成分设计,实施例钢经冶炼连铸,依照设定的热轧工艺控轧控冷,高压除磷,获得具有一定强度和表面质量的热轧板,热轧板经酸洗后在卧式退火线上进行退火,镀锌及光整后,最终得到的钢板组织由素体和珠光体组成,晶粒尺寸细小,铁素体内部含有大量细小弥散分布的铌钛的碳氮化物析出物,力学性能满足上屈服强度Reh达到605~625MPa,抗拉强度达到640~665MPa,延伸率≥20%,屈强比≥0.9,晶粒度≥12级,兼具镀层表面质量等级高及经济性,制造成本低的热基镀锌钢板。
Claims (10)
1.一种成形性能良好的高强热基镀锌钢板,其特征在于,所述热基镀锌钢板的化学成分重量百分比为C:0.07%~0.12%、Si≤0.06%、Mn:0.9%~1.2%、P≤0.015%、S≤0.010%、Als:0.035%~0.055%、Ti:0.015%~0.025%、Nb:0.030%~0.045%、N≤0.0030%,其余为铁和其他杂质,化学成分配比满足公式:0.045%≤Nb+Ti≤0.070%,0.5≤Ti/Nb比值≤0.7。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种成形性能良好的高强热基镀锌钢板,其特征在于,所述热基镀锌钢板的上屈服强度Reh为605~625MPa,抗拉强度为640~665MPa,延伸率≥20%,屈强比≥0.9,晶粒度≥12级,表面质量满足GB2518中FC表面等级要求。
3.一种制造权利要求1-2任一项所述成形性能良好的高强热基镀锌钢板的方法,其特征在于,其步骤包括转炉冶炼、连铸、热轧、酸洗、退火、镀锌、气刀吹扫、镀后冷却、平整。
4.根据权利要求3所述一种成形性能良好的高强热基镀锌钢板的制造方法,其特征在于,连铸板坯经加热炉加热至1210~1250℃。
5.根据权利要求4所述一种成形性能良好的高强热基镀锌钢板的制造方法,其特征在于,热轧为两段式轧制工艺,粗轧为5道次连轧,精轧为7道次连轧,粗轧后采用热卷箱进行高温卷取保温,温度控制为1150~1180℃,精轧开轧温度为1010~1150℃,终轧温度为860~900℃;精轧后采用前段冷却的层流冷却方式,控制卷取温度为580~600℃获得热轧钢卷。
6.根据权利要求5所述一种成形性能良好的高强热基镀锌钢板的制造方法,其特征在于,粗轧和精轧的入口、出口和机架间均采用高压水进行除磷或冷却,喷水喷嘴的倾角向下为0~15°,喷嘴最大压力值为180~200bar,喷嘴到板坯的距离为70~100mm。
7.根据权利要求6所述一种成形性能良好的高强热基镀锌钢板的制造方法,其特征在于,酸洗处理工序中,采用拉矫机对钢板表面氧化铁皮拉矫破坏,拉矫延伸率为1.2~1.8%,酸洗槽由三个串连并相互独立的酸槽组成,采用三段连续式盐酸酸洗,1号酸槽HCL浓度为40~75g/L;2号酸槽HCL浓度为95~140g/L;3号酸槽HCL浓度为140~180g/L,酸洗温度为70~80℃,酸洗后的漂洗水温度为50~80℃,烘干温度为80~110℃。
8.根据权利要求7所述一种成形性能良好的高强热基镀锌钢板的制造方法,其特征在于,退火处理中,钢板在改良森吉米尔卧式退火炉进行退火处理,直燃段温度为650~670℃,辐射段温度为630~650℃,电磁保温段温度为630~650℃,冷却段温度为455~465℃,炉内H2含量为12%~16%,氧含量≤20ppm,露点≤-25℃。
9.根据权利要求8所述一种成形性能良好的高强热基镀锌钢板的制造方法,其特征在于,退火后的钢板进入热镀锌工序,带钢运行速度为50~75m/min,锌锅温度为450~460℃;锌锅中锌液的成分包括Al:0.18%~0.25%,Fe:0.010%~0.030%,余量为Zn。
10.根据权利要求9所述一种成形性能良好的高强热基镀锌钢板的制造方法,其特征在于,所述气刀吹扫工序中的产线速度为50-75m/min,气刀距离为14-21mm,气刀压力为110-130mba,气刀高度为160-200mm,镀后冷却工序中的上冷却塔温度≤200℃,水淬处理工序中的水淬温度为40-60℃;光整延伸为率0.5~1.0%。
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CN102796949A (zh) * | 2012-07-31 | 2012-11-28 | 马钢(集团)控股有限公司 | 一种屈服强度≥550MPa级热镀锌钢板及其制造方法 |
CN109477184A (zh) * | 2016-08-05 | 2019-03-15 | 新日铁住金株式会社 | 钢板及镀覆钢板 |
CN112281079A (zh) * | 2020-09-25 | 2021-01-29 | 河钢股份有限公司承德分公司 | 一种热基镀锌钢卷及其制备方法 |
CN112725704A (zh) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-04-30 | 包头钢铁(集团)有限责任公司 | 一种汽车用热镀锌420MPa级低合金高强钢及其生产方法 |
CN113957337A (zh) * | 2021-09-24 | 2022-01-21 | 河钢股份有限公司承德分公司 | 一种含钒热基镀锌板及其制备方法 |
CN115198173A (zh) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-10-18 | 首钢集团有限公司 | 980MPa级热基镀锌复相钢及其钢基体和制备方法 |
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