CN116287879A - Aluminum alloy for power battery shell and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy for power battery shell and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910018131 Al-Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 229910018461 Al—Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
- H01M50/117—Inorganic material
- H01M50/119—Metals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides an aluminum alloy for a power battery shell, which comprises the following components: 0.20 to 0.35 weight percent of Si, 0.50 to 0.65 weight percent of Fe, 0.05 to 0.18 weight percent of Cu, 1.00 to 1.25 weight percent of Mn, 0.01 to 0.03 weight percent of Ti, less than 0.05 weight percent of Cr, less than 0.012 weight percent of Mg, less than 0.022 weight percent of Zn, less than 0.026 weight percent of Mg+Zn, and the balance of Al. The application also provides a preparation method of the aluminum alloy. The application provides an aluminum alloy for a power battery shell and a preparation method thereof, which can meet the performance requirements of excellent forming, welding, lasting, deep drawing and the like of the battery shell.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy, in particular to an aluminum alloy for a power battery shell and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Along with the popularization of new energy automobiles in recent years, the use amount of vehicle-mounted batteries is greatly increased, and the aluminum battery shell is widely applied due to the advantages of light weight, high specific energy, good safety, long service life and the like. The battery case is formed by press working, and must have good deep drawing properties; in order to effectively protect the internal battery structure, the battery case must also have sufficient strength and rigidity; the battery shell module needs to be welded and fixed during combination, and also needs to have excellent welding performance; in order to adapt to various different use environments and ensure the service life of the battery, the power battery shell must have good chemical stability and corrosion resistance; the requirements are met, the ingot tissue is required to be tiny and uniform, the compound is required to be dispersed, and meanwhile, the deep drawing performance and durability are also required to be good, so that the internal electrode material and the electrolyte can be better protected.
Because the battery shell has extremely high requirements on the comprehensive performance of the material, the battery shell has excellent corrosion resistance, strength and rigidity, and welding and deep drawing performances; therefore, the requirements on the chemical composition, heat treatment, processing deformation control and quality consistency of the plate for the battery case are very high. The existing production process, heat treatment and processing method are easy to form coarse grains, so that the problems of peeling and cracking are generated in the deep drawing process, meanwhile, the welding performance is unstable, and the use experience of the new energy automobile and the service life of the whole automobile are seriously influenced.
The Al-Mn series alloy has higher strength than pure aluminum, has good formability, corrosion resistance and welding performance, and is widely used for automobile battery shells. The vertical crystallization interval between the liquidus and solidus of the Al-Mn alloy is small, so that serious intragranular segregation exists in an ingot tissue, and the growth of crystal grains is easy to generate when heat treatment and processing deformation are carried out, thereby influencing the deep drawing performance and the service life of the product.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is to provide the aluminum alloy for the power battery shell, and the aluminum alloy provided by the application has the characteristics of good forming, welding, lasting and deep drawing performances, uniform grain structure and high stability.
In view of this, the present application provides an aluminum alloy for a power battery case, comprising:
preferably, the Si content is 0.22 to 0.32wt%.
Preferably, the content of Fe is 0.52 to 0.62wt%.
Preferably, the Mn content is 1.10 to 1.25wt%.
The application also provides a preparation method of the aluminum alloy for the power battery shell, which comprises the following steps:
a) Proportioning according to the metal element to obtain alloy raw materials;
b) Smelting the alloy raw materials to obtain a melt, and purifying the melt to obtain a purified melt;
c) Carrying out on-line refining on the purified melt, wherein the refiner for on-line refining is Al-5Ti-1B;
d) Casting the melt obtained in the step C), wherein the casting speed is 50-65 mm/min, and the water flow is 45-65 m 3 And/h, the temperature of the aluminum liquid at the tail end of the flow disc is 680-720 ℃, and the water temperature is 20-30 ℃;
e) Soaking the cast ingot obtained in the step D), wherein the soaking temperature rising rate is 40-100 ℃/h, the heating time is 8-12 h, the heating temperature is 600-650 ℃, the heat preservation temperature is 590-625 ℃, the heat preservation time is 8-20 h, then cooling to 480-500 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-4 h;
f) Carrying out hot rolling on the cast ingot obtained in the step E), wherein the temperature of the hot rolling is 450-500 ℃;
g) Annealing the blank obtained in the step F), and then carrying out secondary rolling to obtain an aluminum alloy; the heating rate of the annealing is 40-80 ℃/h, the heating time is 8-12 h, the heating temperature is 520-570 ℃, the heat preservation temperature is 380-420 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-6 h.
Preferably, the addition amount of the refiner is 1.4-2.0 kg/t melt.
Preferably, the secondary rolling is performed in 1-2 passes.
Preferably, argon or a mixed gas of argon and chlorine is adopted in the melt purifying furnace, argon refining is adopted on line, and foam ceramic filter plates or deep bed filtering is adopted for melt filtering.
The application provides an aluminum alloy for a power battery shell, which comprises Si, fe, cu, mn, ti, cr, mg, zn and Al with specific contents, wherein the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy can be improved by strictly controlling the contents of Cu, zn and Mg, grains are refined, and the welding performance of the alloy is not affected; and the plasticity of the alloy can be improved, the grain size can be reduced, and the strength and the processability of the aluminum alloy can be improved by reasonably regulating and controlling the element contents of Si, fe and Mn. Therefore, the aluminum alloy for the power battery shell improves the strength, the processing performance and the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy by adjusting and strictly controlling the content of alloy elements, and has a fine grain structure.
The application also provides a preparation method of the aluminum alloy for the power battery shell, which comprises the steps of proportioning, smelting, melt purification, grain refinement, casting, soaking, rolling and annealing which are sequentially carried out, wherein in the preparation process, the casting performance of the aluminum alloy is excellent, the grains are fine by optimizing the grain refinement and the allocation casting process, and the obtained aluminum alloy plate is good in forming, welding, durability and deep drawing performance and high in grain structure uniformity and stability by reasonably regulating and controlling the rolling and heat treatment processes.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the present invention, preferred embodiments of the invention are described below in conjunction with the examples, but it should be understood that these descriptions are merely intended to illustrate further features and advantages of the invention, and are not limiting of the claims of the invention.
The invention provides an aluminum alloy for a power battery shell and a preparation method thereof, which can meet the performance requirements of the battery shell such as excellent forming, welding, durability, deep drawing and the like. Specifically, the embodiment of the invention discloses an aluminum alloy for a power battery shell, which comprises the following components:
in the aluminum alloy provided by the application, the content of Cu, zn and Mg is strictly controlled, wherein if the alloy contains 0.05-0.50wt% of Cu, the tensile strength of the alloy can be obviously improved, but the corrosion resistance of the alloy is deteriorated along with the increase of the content of Cu, so that the content of Cu in the application is 0.05-0.18wt% and particularly the content of Cu is 0.07-0.15wt% in order to ensure the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy.
When the Zn content is low, the alloy has no obvious influence on the model performance and corrosion resistance of the alloy; a small amount of Mg (about 0.3%) can obviously refine grains of the annealed Al-Mn alloy, but can damage the surface gloss of the annealed Al-Mn alloy; in addition, zn and Mg significantly affect the welding performance of the alloy, so that the Mg is less than 0.012wt%, zn is less than 0.022wt%, and Mg+Zn is less than 0.026wt%.
The content of Si, fe and Mn elements is reasonably controlled at the same time. The Al-Mn alloy is rapidly cooled during casting, and obvious intracrystalline segregation occurs in the as-cast crystal grains (the outer layer of the crystal grains contains high Mn and the central part contains low Mn), so that extremely uneven deformation occurs during processing, and the interval between the starting temperature and the ending temperature of recrystallization is enlarged, thereby leading to the formation of coarse crystal grains. When Fe is contained in an Al-Mn-based alloy, fe and Mn form coarse flaky (FeMn) Al 6 Ternary phase, obviously reduces the plasticity of the alloy; when Si and Fe are present in the Al-Mn based alloy, fine Al is preferentially formed 10 Mn 2 A Si ternary phase or an Al (MnFe) Si quaternary phase; meanwhile, the solubility of Mn in solid solution can be strongly reduced by adding Si and Fe, so that the segregation in crystals is reduced; as the Si and Fe contents increase, the plasticity of the Al-Mn series alloy in the annealed state increases and the grain size decreases. As the Mn content increases, the tensile strength and elongation also increase continuously, and the elongation reaches a maximum value when the Mn content is 0.8%; as the Mn content increases, the endurance strength also increases. However, as the Mn content continues to increase, coarse flaky (FeMn) Al is formed when Fe+Mn > 1.85% 6 Ternary phases can significantly reduce the mechanical and processing properties of the alloy. Therefore, the grain size, tensile strength, elongation and processability of Al-Mn system are ensured by controlling the contents of Si, fe and Mn. Preferably, the Si content is0.22 to 0.32 weight percent, the content of Fe is 0.52 to 0.62 weight percent, and the content of Mn is 1.10 to 1.25 weight percent.
The application also provides a preparation method of the aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
a) Proportioning according to the metal element to obtain alloy raw materials;
b) Smelting the alloy raw materials to obtain a melt, and purifying the melt to obtain a purified melt;
c) Carrying out on-line refining on the purified melt, wherein the refiner for on-line refining is Al-5Ti-1B;
d) Casting the melt obtained in the step C), wherein the casting speed is 50-65 mm/min, and the water flow is 45-65 m 3 And/h, the temperature of the aluminum liquid at the tail end of the flow disc is 680-720 ℃, and the water temperature is 20-30 ℃;
e) Soaking the cast ingot obtained in the step D), wherein the heating rate of the soaking is 40-100 ℃/h; the temperature rise time is 8-12 h, the temperature rise temperature is 600-650 ℃, the heat preservation temperature is 590-625 ℃, the heat preservation time is 8-20 h, then the temperature is reduced to 480-500 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-4 h;
f) Carrying out hot rolling on the cast ingot obtained in the step E), wherein the temperature of the hot rolling is 450-500 ℃;
g) Annealing the blank obtained in the step F), and then carrying out secondary rolling to obtain an aluminum alloy; the heating rate of the annealing is 40-80 ℃/h, the heating time is 8-12 h, the heating temperature is 520-570 ℃, the heat preservation temperature is 380-420 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-6 h.
In the preparation process of the aluminum alloy, firstly, the alloy raw material is obtained by proportioning the metal elements; smelting the alloy raw materials to obtain a melt, and purifying the melt to obtain a purified melt; in the present application, the smelting and the melt-cleaning are technical solutions well known to those skilled in the art, and this is not particularly limited in this application. Specifically, in the melt purification process, argon or a mixed gas of argon and chlorine is adopted in the furnace, argon refining is adopted on line, and foam ceramic filter plates or deep bed filtration is adopted for melt filtration.
The purification melt is subjected to online refinement, ti is added to the Al-Mn series alloy to obviously refine the as-cast crystal grains, the direction of Ti segregation is opposite to that of Mn segregation, and the center of the dendritic crystal contains high Ti, so that the difference between the solid solution concentration of the center and the edge part of the as-cast crystal grains is reduced. In order to refine the as-cast crystal grains and reduce the segregation in the crystal, the invention adopts Al-5Ti-1B wires to refine the crystal grains on line, and the dosage is 1.4-2.0 kg/t.
The obtained melt is cast, and in the casting process, the casting speed is increased, so that crystal grains of the cast ingot are fine, and the density of the cast ingot is increased; the primary crystal compound size can be thinned along with the increase of the cooling strength, so that the region segregation is reduced; therefore, in order to obtain fine and uniform ingot tissue and comprehensive performance of products, the casting speed is 50-65 mm/min and the water flow is 45-65 m in the casting process 3 Per h/root, the temperature of the aluminum liquid at the tail end of the flow disc is 680-720 ℃ and the water temperature is 20-30 ℃; specifically, the casting speed is 54-62 mm/min, and the water flow is 48-62 m 3 The temperature of the aluminum liquid at the tail end of the flow disc is 690-715 ℃ per hour.
The ingot is obtained after casting the melt, and in order to obtain a uniform fine-grain plate structure, the ingot is subjected to high-temperature homogenizing annealing treatment, and the annealing treatment can enable the solid solution to be partially decomposed, reduce the intra-crystal segregation of manganese in the as-cast grains through full diffusion, and further reduce the recrystallization temperature range of the Al-Mn alloy and refine the grains. The soaking treatment of the invention has the heating rate of 40-100 ℃/h, the heating time of 8-12 h, the heating temperature of 600-650 ℃, the heat preservation temperature of 590-625 ℃, the heat preservation time of 8-20 h, then the temperature is reduced to 480-500 ℃, the heat preservation time of 2-4 h, and preferably, a homogenization annealing and heating integrated mode is adopted. If the conditions are not met, the ingot homogenizing annealing and heating separation mode can be adopted. Specifically, the soaking treatment has a heating rate of 60-90 ℃/h, a heating time of 9-11 h, a heating temperature of 610-640 ℃, a heat preservation temperature of 595-620 ℃, a heat preservation time of 8-18 h, and then cooling to 480-500 ℃ and preserving heat for 2-4 h.
The ingot after soaking treatment is hot rolled, the rolling temperature can be properly increased in order to reduce the segregation in the ingot, and because Si and Fe can accelerate the decomposition of supersaturated solid solution containing Mn when in thermal deformation (400-500 ℃), the formed dispersion mass point of Mn-containing phase plays a role of a recrystallization core, thereby being beneficial to forming a fine grain structure; hot-rolling the typical specification into a hot-rolled blank with the thickness of 4.1-7.0 mm, and cold-rolling the coil blank into a finished product with the thickness of 0.5-2.0 mm; the hot rolling temperature of the invention is 460-500 ℃.
The finished plate has H14, H18 and O states, wherein the H14 and H18 states are intermediate annealing and the O state is finished annealing. The heating speed of the cold deformation material during annealing has great influence on the grain size, and the grains are large during slow heating, and the grains are fine during fast heating, so that coarse grain structure can be avoided by adopting fast heating annealing. The temperature rising speed of the annealing is 40-80 ℃/h, the temperature rising time is 8-12 h, the temperature rising temperature is 520-570 ℃, the heat preservation temperature is 380-420 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-6 h; specifically, the heating rate of the annealing is 50-80 ℃/h, the heating time is 8-12 h, the heating temperature is 520-560 ℃, the heat preservation temperature is 380-420 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-6 h.
After annealing in H14 and H18 states, 1-2 times of rolling are needed again, H14 is in a semi-hard state, H18 is in a hard state, and the material is work hardened to a required performance range by setting a certain deformation rate through cold rolling intermediate full annealing.
The application provides an aluminum alloy for a power battery shell and a preparation method thereof, which can meet the performance requirements of excellent forming, welding, lasting, deep drawing and the like of the battery shell.
In order to further understand the present invention, the aluminum alloy for a power battery case and the method for manufacturing the same according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by the following examples.
Example 1
The aluminum alloy was prepared as follows: sequentially carrying out batching, smelting, melt purification, grain refinement and casting, soaking, rolling, annealing, finishing and packaging;
ingot casting specification: a width of 520x and a length of 1450mm;
the material proportioning process comprises the following steps: proportioning according to alloy components, and proportioning by adopting an Al99.70 aluminum ingot with low Zn and Mg contents, an additive and a master alloy;
smelting: sampling and analyzing after the alloy raw materials are melted; the melting temperature in the furnace is 730-770 ℃, and the melt is treated by electromagnetic stirring;
and (3) melt purification: ar+Cl in the furnace 2 Refining the mixed gas by adopting Ar gas on line, and filtering the melt by adopting deep bed filtration;
on-line thinning: carrying out grain refinement on line by adopting Al-5Ti-1B wires, wherein the dosage is 1.6kg/t;
casting parameters: the temperature of the aluminum liquid at the tail end of the flow disc is 700 ℃; casting speed 58mm/min; the cooling water flow is 50m 3 /h/root; the temperature of cooling water is 28 ℃;
ingot casting detection:
(1) Ingot casting is low-power: grain size 1.5 grade; the detection method is GB/T3246.2, tissue inspection method of deformed aluminum and aluminum alloy products-part 2 macroscopic tissue inspection method;
(2) The chemical components are as follows: si0.24%, fe0.51%, cu0.07%, mn1.21%, mg0.004%, zn0.019%, ti0.02%, cr0.01%, mg+Zn0.023%; the detection method is GB/T20975 aluminium alloy analysis method and GB/T7999 aluminium and aluminium alloy photoelectric direct-reading emission spectrum analysis method;
soaking parameters: the temperature rising speed of ingot homogenization annealing is 70 ℃/h, the temperature rising time is 9h, the temperature rising temperature is 630 ℃, the heat preservation temperature is 605-620 ℃, the heat preservation time is 10h, and then the temperature is reduced to 500 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 3h;
and (3) rolling a plate: hot-rolling the ingot into a hot-rolled blank with the thickness of 5.0mm after heating, wherein the hot-rolling temperature is 500 ℃; cold rolling the coiled blank to obtain a finished product, wherein the thickness of the finished product is 2.0mm;
annealing: the plate state is O state, the heating rate of finished product annealing is 60 ℃/h, the heating time is 9/h, the heating temperature is 540 ℃, the heat preservation temperature is 420 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2h;
and (3) finishing and packaging: and (5) finishing (slitting) the annealed plate, packaging and warehousing.
And (3) detecting a plate: the yield strength is 50Mpa, the tensile strength is 116Mpa, the elongation is 39%, and the detection method is GB/T228.1, section 1 of the tensile test of metallic materials: room temperature test methods; the welding and corrosion resistance meet the requirements.
Example 2
The aluminum alloy was prepared as follows: sequentially carrying out batching, smelting, melt purification, grain refinement and casting, soaking, rolling, annealing, secondary rolling, finishing and packaging;
ingot casting specification: a width 520x and a length 1630mm;
the material proportioning process comprises the following steps: proportioning according to alloy components, and proportioning by adopting an Al99.70 aluminum ingot with low Zn and Mg contents, an additive and a master alloy;
smelting: sampling and analyzing after the alloy raw materials are melted; the melting temperature in the furnace is 730-770 ℃, and the melt is treated by electromagnetic stirring;
and (3) melt purification: ar+Cl in the furnace 2 Refining the mixed gas by adopting Ar gas on line, and filtering the melt by adopting deep bed filtration;
on-line thinning: carrying out grain refinement on line by adopting Al-5Ti-1B wires, wherein the dosage is 1.5kg/t;
casting parameters: the temperature of the aluminum liquid at the tail end of the flow disc is 702 ℃; the casting speed is 56mm/min; the cooling water flow is 50m 3 /h/root; the temperature of cooling water is 26 ℃;
ingot casting detection:
(1) Ingot casting is low-power: grain size 1.5 grade; the detection method is GB/T3246.2, tissue inspection method of deformed aluminum and aluminum alloy products-part 2 macroscopic tissue inspection method;
(2) The chemical components are as follows: si0.27%, fe0.58%, cu0.10%, mn1.14%, mg0.005%, zn0.016%, ti0.02%, cr0.01%, mg+Zn0.021%; the detection method is GB/T20975 aluminium alloy analysis method and GB/T7999 aluminium and aluminium alloy photoelectric direct-reading emission spectrum analysis method;
soaking parameters: the temperature rising speed of ingot homogenization annealing is 70 ℃/h, the temperature rising time is 9h, the temperature rising temperature is 630 ℃, the heat preservation temperature is 595-610 ℃, the heat preservation time is 12h, and then the temperature is reduced to 480 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 4h;
and (3) rolling a plate: hot-rolling the ingot into a hot-rolled blank with the thickness of 5.0mm after heating, wherein the hot-rolling temperature is 480 ℃; cold rolling the coiled blank to obtain a finished product, wherein the thickness of the finished product is 1.2mm;
annealing: the plate state is H14 state, the heating rate of intermediate annealing is 60 ℃/H, the heating time is 9H, the heating temperature is 540 ℃, the heat preservation temperature is 420 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2H;
secondary rolling: carrying out 2-pass rolling on the annealed plate again;
and (3) finishing and packaging: and finishing (slitting) the plate subjected to secondary rolling, packaging and warehousing.
And (3) detecting a plate: the yield strength is 148Mpa, the tensile strength is 160Mpa, the elongation is 12%, and the detection method is GB/T228.1 section 1 of the tensile test of metal materials: room temperature test methods; the welding and corrosion resistance meet the requirements.
Example 3
The aluminum alloy was prepared as follows: sequentially carrying out batching, smelting, melt purification, grain refinement and casting, soaking, rolling, annealing, secondary rolling, finishing and packaging;
ingot casting specification: a width 510x length 1120mm;
the material proportioning process comprises the following steps: proportioning according to alloy components, and proportioning by adopting an Al99.70 aluminum ingot with low Zn and Mg contents, an additive and a master alloy;
smelting: sampling and analyzing after the alloy raw materials are melted; the melting temperature in the furnace is 730-770 ℃, and the melt is treated by mechanical stirring;
and (3) melt purification: ar+Cl in the furnace 2 The mixed gas is refined by Ar gas on line, and the melt filtration adopts a foam ceramic filter plate;
on-line thinning: carrying out grain refinement on line by adopting Al-5Ti-1B wires, wherein the dosage is 1.5kg/t;
casting parameters: the temperature of the aluminum liquid at the tail end of the flow disc is 705 ℃; casting speed is 60mm/min; cooling water flow rate of 46m 3 /h/root; the temperature of cooling water is 26 ℃;
ingot casting detection:
(1) Ingot casting is low-power: grain size 1.5 grade; the detection method is GB/T3246.2, tissue inspection method of deformed aluminum and aluminum alloy products-part 2 macroscopic tissue inspection method;
(2) The chemical components are as follows: si0.29%, fe0.52%, cu0.12%, mn1.23%, mg0.005%, zn0.018%, ti0.02%, cr0.01%, mg+Zn0.023%; the detection method is GB/T20975 aluminium alloy analysis method and GB/T7999 aluminium and aluminium alloy photoelectric direct-reading emission spectrum analysis method;
soaking parameters: the temperature rising speed of ingot homogenization annealing is 70 ℃/h, the temperature rising time is 9h, the temperature rising temperature is 630 ℃, the heat preservation temperature is 595-610 ℃, the heat preservation time is 12h, and then the temperature is reduced to 480 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 4h;
and (3) rolling a plate: hot-rolling the ingot into a hot-rolled blank with the thickness of 7.0mm after heating, wherein the hot-rolling temperature is 480 ℃; cold rolling the coiled blank to obtain a finished product, wherein the thickness of the finished product is 1.2mm;
annealing: the plate state is H18 state, the heating rate of intermediate annealing is 60 ℃/H, the heating time is 9H, the heating temperature is 540 ℃, the heat preservation temperature is 380 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 6H;
secondary rolling: carrying out 2-pass rolling on the annealed plate again;
and (3) finishing and packaging: and finishing (slitting) the plate subjected to secondary rolling, packaging and warehousing.
And (3) detecting a plate: the yield strength is 169Mpa, the tensile strength is 195Mpa, the elongation is 5%, and the detection method is GB/T228.1, section 1 of the tensile test of metallic materials: room temperature test methods; the welding and corrosion resistance meet the requirements.
The above description of the embodiments is only for aiding in the understanding of the method of the present invention and its core ideas. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations of the invention can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these modifications and adaptations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
1. An aluminum alloy for a power battery case, comprising:
Cr＜0.05wt％；
Mg＜0.012wt％；
Zn＜0.022wt％；
and Mg+Zn < 0.026wt%;
al balance.
2. The aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the Si content is 0.22 to 0.32wt%.
3. The aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the content of Fe is 0.52 to 0.62wt%.
4. The aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the Mn content is 1.10 to 1.25wt%.
5. The method for producing an aluminum alloy for a power cell case according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
a) Proportioning according to the metal element to obtain alloy raw materials;
b) Smelting the alloy raw materials to obtain a melt, and purifying the melt to obtain a purified melt;
c) Carrying out on-line refining on the purified melt, wherein the refiner for on-line refining is Al-5Ti-1B;
d) Casting the melt obtained in the step C), wherein the casting speed is 50-65 mm/min, and the water flow is 45-65 m 3 And/h, the temperature of the aluminum liquid at the tail end of the flow disc is 680-720 ℃, and the water temperature is 20-30 ℃;
e) Soaking the cast ingot obtained in the step D), wherein the soaking temperature rising rate is 40-100 ℃/h, the heating time is 8-12 h, the heating temperature is 600-650 ℃, the heat preservation temperature is 590-625 ℃, the heat preservation time is 8-20 h, then cooling to 480-500 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-4 h;
f) Carrying out hot rolling on the cast ingot obtained in the step E), wherein the temperature of the hot rolling is 450-500 ℃;
g) Annealing the blank obtained in the step F), and then carrying out secondary rolling to obtain an aluminum alloy; the heating rate of the annealing is 40-80 ℃/h, the heating time is 8-12 h, the heating temperature is 520-570 ℃, the heat preservation temperature is 380-420 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-6 h.
6. The process according to claim 5, wherein the refiner is added in an amount of 1.4 to 2.0kg/t melt.
7. The method according to claim 5, wherein the secondary rolling is performed in 1-2 passes.
8. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein argon or a mixed gas of argon and chlorine is adopted in the melt purifying furnace, argon refining is adopted on line, and foam ceramic filter plates or deep bed filtering is adopted for melt filtering.
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