CN116282888A - Tapered optical fiber and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Tapered optical fiber and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116282888A
CN116282888A CN202310344141.4A CN202310344141A CN116282888A CN 116282888 A CN116282888 A CN 116282888A CN 202310344141 A CN202310344141 A CN 202310344141A CN 116282888 A CN116282888 A CN 116282888A
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China
Prior art keywords
optical fiber
tapered optical
tapered
hole
quartz tube
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CN202310344141.4A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
周程丽
刘锐
王静
王道龙
包箭华
李念
何霖
王颖
倪志龙
叶锦程
李幸围
李超
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Wuhan Brightcore Optical Fiber Co ltd
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Wuhan Brightcore Optical Fiber Co ltd
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Priority to CN202310344141.4A priority Critical patent/CN116282888A/en
Publication of CN116282888A publication Critical patent/CN116282888A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/014—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments made entirely or partially by chemical means, e.g. vapour phase deposition of bulk porous glass either by outside vapour deposition [OVD], or by outside vapour phase oxidation [OVPO] or by vapour axial deposition [VAD]
    • C03B37/018—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments made entirely or partially by chemical means, e.g. vapour phase deposition of bulk porous glass either by outside vapour deposition [OVD], or by outside vapour phase oxidation [OVPO] or by vapour axial deposition [VAD] by glass deposition on a glass substrate, e.g. by inside-, modified-, plasma-, or plasma modified- chemical vapour deposition [ICVD, MCVD, PCVD, PMCVD], i.e. by thin layer coating on the inside or outside of a glass tube or on a glass rod
    • C03B37/01884—Means for supporting, rotating and translating tubes or rods being formed, e.g. lathes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/01205—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/01205—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/01225—Means for changing or stabilising the shape, e.g. diameter, of tubes or rods in general, e.g. collapsing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/02—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor
    • C03B37/025—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor from reheated softened tubes, rods, fibres or filaments, e.g. drawing fibres from preforms
    • C03B37/027—Fibres composed of different sorts of glass, e.g. glass optical fibres
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
    • Y02P40/57—Improving the yield, e-g- reduction of reject rates

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacture, Treatment Of Glass Fibers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a tapered optical fiber and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method of the tapered optical fiber comprises the following steps: placing a first cylindrical quartz tube provided with a first through hole on a deposition lathe; depositing a core layer in the first through hole, and gradually adjusting the deposition amount along the direction of the first through hole in the process of depositing the core layer; shrinking the first cylindrical quartz tube deposited with the core layer to prepare a conical prefabricated rod; the tapered preform is drawn into a tapered optical fiber that includes a core that conducts light along an axial direction of the tapered optical fiber and a cladding surrounding the core. According to the preparation method of the tapered optical fiber, repeated polishing and one-step forming are not needed in the whole process, the process is simple, the processing difficulty of the tapered optical fiber is greatly reduced, and the preparation efficiency and precision of the tapered optical fiber are improved.

Description

Tapered optical fiber and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber preparation, in particular to a preparation method of a tapered optical fiber.
Background
Compared with the optical fiber with uniform ordinary fiber core cladding, the tapered optical fiber can improve the effective mode field area of the optical fiber by introducing the large fiber core diameter end, and has the advantage of effectively inhibiting nonlinear effect. Meanwhile, the tapered optical fiber also has excellent mode instability suppression performance, beam quality maintenance characteristics and Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE) suppression effect, and has great potential in the field of high-power lasers.
Tapered optical fibers are commonly used in applications such as optical coupling, optical sensing, nonlinear optics, micro-nano optics, fiber devices, and other research fields by axially varying the radius of the optical fiber using fusion tapering, mechanical polishing, chemical etching, or the like. However, in the existing tapered optical fiber processing process, the core rod and the glass rod are required to be respectively ground and processed, the preparation process is complex and complicated, particularly, the inner wall of the glass rod is ground, the processing difficulty is high, the precision is low, meanwhile, the length of the glass rod is limited by internal grinding, and the defects of poor adaptability and the like exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method of a tapered optical fiber, which is used for solving the problems that in the processing process of the existing tapered optical fiber, a core rod and a glass rod are required to be respectively ground and processed, and the preparation process is complex and tedious.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method of making a tapered optical fiber, comprising:
placing a first cylindrical quartz tube provided with a first through hole on a deposition lathe;
depositing a core layer in the first through hole, and gradually adjusting the deposition amount along the direction of the first through hole in the process of depositing the core layer;
collapsing the first cylindrical quartz tube on which the deposition of the core layer is completed to prepare a tapered preform;
the tapered preform is drawn into a tapered optical fiber that includes a core that conducts light along an axial direction of the tapered optical fiber and a cladding surrounding the core.
According to the preparation method of the tapered optical fiber, the step of gradually adjusting the deposition amount along the direction of the first through hole in the process of depositing the core layer in the first through hole comprises the following steps:
pickling the first cylindrical quartz tube;
gradually increasing or decreasing a deposition loose layer along the direction of the first through hole, and doping rare earth ions in the deposition loose layer.
According to the preparation method of the tapered optical fiber, a core layer is deposited in the first through hole, and in the process of depositing the core layer, the step of gradually adjusting the deposition amount along the direction of the first through hole comprises the following steps:
pickling the first cylindrical quartz tube;
and increasing or reducing a deposited loose layer section by section along the direction of the first through hole, and doping rare earth ions in the deposited loose layer.
According to the preparation method of the tapered optical fiber, the step of doping rare earth ions in the deposited loose layer comprises the following steps:
introducing a solution containing the rare earth ions into the first through hole;
and after soaking for a preset time, discharging the residual solution containing the rare earth ions.
According to the preparation method of the tapered optical fiber, the rare earth ion is Nd 3+ 、Yb 3+ 、Er 3+ 、Tm 3+ Any one or a combination of a plurality of the above.
According to a method of manufacturing a tapered optical fiber of the present invention, the step of collapsing the first cylindrical quartz tube on which the core layer is deposited to manufacture a tapered preform comprises:
sintering the first cylindrical quartz tube and the deposition loose layer to enable the first cylindrical quartz tube and the deposition loose layer to be fused and contracted into the conical prefabricated rod.
According to a method of manufacturing a tapered optical fiber of the present invention, the step of drawing the tapered preform into a tapered optical fiber includes:
and placing the conical preform on a drawing tower, and drawing to obtain the conical optical fiber.
According to a method of manufacturing a tapered optical fiber of the present invention, the step of drawing the tapered preform into a tapered optical fiber includes:
assembling the second quartz tube and the conical prefabricated rod, and sleeving on a sleeving lathe to obtain a solid conical optical fiber prefabricated rod;
and placing the tapered optical fiber preform on a drawing tower, and drawing to obtain the tapered optical fiber.
According to the method for preparing the tapered optical fiber of the present invention, the step of drawing the tapered preform into the tapered optical fiber further comprises:
the cladding is coated twice on its periphery to form an optical fiber coating.
In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a tapered optical fiber produced by the method of producing a tapered optical fiber as described in any one of the above.
According to the preparation method of the tapered optical fiber, the first through hole is formed in the first cylindrical quartz tube, and the deposition amount along the direction of the first through hole is gradually adjusted in the process of depositing the core layer on the first through hole, so that the thickness of the core layer is gradually changed along the direction of the first through hole, the tapered preform is formed by shrinking the rod, and finally the tapered preform is drawn into the tapered optical fiber, so that the tapered optical fiber is not required to be polished for multiple times in the whole process, one-step molding is realized, the process is simple, the processing difficulty of the tapered optical fiber is greatly reduced, and the preparation efficiency and the precision of the tapered optical fiber are improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the following description will briefly explain the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for manufacturing a tapered optical fiber according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a first cylindrical quartz tube provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a first cylindrical quartz tube provided by an embodiment of the present invention after deposition of a core layer;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a tapered preform provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is one of the schematic diagrams of a tapered optical fiber provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a second flow chart of a method for fabricating a tapered optical fiber according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a third flow chart of a method for fabricating a tapered optical fiber according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a tapered optical fiber preform provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a second schematic view of a tapered optical fiber provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
reference numerals:
1. a first cylindrical quartz tube; 10. a first through hole;
2. a core layer;
3. a conical preform;
4. a tapered optical fiber; 41. a fiber core; 42. a cladding layer;
5. and a second quartz tube.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "inner", "outer", etc., are based on directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements to be referred to must have a specific direction, be configured and operated in the specific direction, and thus should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The method for preparing the tapered optical fiber provided by the invention is described below with reference to fig. 1, and comprises the following steps:
step S101: a first cylindrical quartz tube provided with a first through hole is placed in a deposition lathe.
First, as shown in fig. 2, a first cylindrical quartz tube 1 having optical properties satisfying the requirements and provided with a first through hole 10 is selected for thermal property matching, and the first cylindrical quartz tube 1 is placed on a deposition lathe,
in the present embodiment, the first through hole 10 is provided at the center of the first cylindrical quartz tube 1, and the first through hole 10 extends from one end of the first cylindrical quartz tube 1 to the other end of the first cylindrical quartz tube 1.
Step S102: and depositing a core layer in the first through hole, and gradually adjusting the deposition amount along the direction of the first through hole in the process of depositing the core layer.
After the first cylindrical quartz tube 1 with the first through hole 10 inside is manufactured, the first cylindrical quartz tube 1 is controlled to rotate, and simultaneously, gas or liquid raw materials can be introduced through the first through hole 10, and the gas or liquid raw materials are deposited on the inner wall of the first through hole 10 to form the core layer 2; during the deposition process, the gas or liquid raw material feeding speed is gradually adjusted to adjust the deposition amount of the core layer 2 along the direction of the first through hole 10, as shown in fig. 3.
Alternatively, the gas or liquid raw material may be introduced at a continuously variable rate, so that the deposition amount of the core layer 2 along the direction of the first through hole 10 is continuously varied to form an inclined plane; alternatively, the gas or liquid raw material may be introduced at a stepwise rate, so that the deposition amount of the core layer 2 along the direction of the first through hole 10 may be stepwise changed to form a stepwise multi-stage surface.
Step S103: the first cylindrical quartz tube on which the core layer was deposited was contracted to prepare a tapered preform.
The deposition amount of the raw material in the first through hole 10 along the direction of the first through hole 10 is gradually changed, and after the core layer 2 with gradually changed thickness is deposited in the first through hole 10 of the first cylindrical quartz tube 1, the first cylindrical quartz tube 1 is contracted. Due to the gradual thickness change of the core layer 2, the core layer 2 is shrunk to form a conical core layer 2 in the process of shrinking, namely, the core layer is shrunk to form a conical preform 3, as shown in fig. 4.
In the rod shrinking process, oxygen is introduced to purge the core layer 2 and the first cylindrical quartz tube 1, and the temperature is raised to 1700 ℃. Continuing to heat, reducing the moving speed of the heat source to 2.5-20 mm/min, keeping the pressure difference between the air outlet end and the atmospheric pressure, controlling the temperature to 1850-2150 ℃, and manufacturing the first cylindrical quartz tube 1 for depositing the core layer 2 into the conical preform 3.
S104: the tapered preform is drawn into a tapered optical fiber.
After the tapered preform 3 is produced, the tapered preform 3 is placed on a drawing tower, and as shown in fig. 5, a tapered optical fiber 4 having a graded core-to-cladding ratio is drawn. The tapered optical fiber 4 includes a core 41 that guides light in an axial direction of the tapered optical fiber 4, and a cladding 42 surrounding the core 41.
The tapered optical fiber 4 has a constant cladding diameter and a gradual change of the diameter of the fiber core 41, the core-to-core ratio of the optical fiber gradually changes along with the length of the optical fiber, and the diameter, the core-to-core ratio, the taper angle and the like of the fiber core 41 can be regulated and controlled within a certain range according to the requirements, and can be specifically regulated according to the requirements of passive optical fiber devices and optical systems.
According to the preparation method of the tapered optical fiber, the first through hole 10 is formed in the first cylindrical quartz tube 1, and the deposition amount along the direction of the first through hole 10 is gradually adjusted in the process of depositing the core layer 2 by the first through hole 10, so that the thickness of the core layer 2 is gradually changed along the direction of the first through hole 10, the tapered preform 3 is formed by shrinking the rod, and finally the tapered preform 3 is pulled into the tapered optical fiber 4.
In another embodiment, after selecting a cylindrical quartz tube with thermal property matching, the optical property meets the requirement and has the first through hole 10, the outer wall of the cylindrical quartz tube may be etched or polished to a conical surface to obtain a conical quartz tube, and the first conical quartz tube is placed on a deposition lathe, where the first through hole 10 extends from one end of the first conical quartz tube to the other end of the first conical quartz tube.
After the first conical quartz tube with the first through hole 10 is manufactured, the first conical quartz tube is controlled to rotate, and simultaneously, gas or liquid raw materials can be introduced through the first through hole 10 and deposited on the inner wall of the first through hole 10 to form the core layer 2; during the deposition process, the gas or liquid raw material introducing speed is gradually adjusted to adjust the deposition amount of the core layer 2 along the direction of the first through hole 10. Specifically, the deposition amount of the core layer 2 increases with the shrinkage of the outer tapered surface of the first conical quartz tube.
Alternatively, the gas or liquid raw material may be introduced at a continuously variable rate, so that the deposition amount of the core layer 2 along the direction of the first through hole 10 is continuously varied to form an inclined plane; alternatively, the gas or liquid raw material may be introduced at a stepwise rate, so that the deposition amount of the core layer 2 along the direction of the first through hole 10 may be stepwise changed to form a stepwise multi-stage surface.
The deposition amount of the raw material in the first through hole 10 along the direction of the first through hole 10 is gradually changed, and after the core layer 2 with gradually changed thickness is deposited in the first through hole 10 of the first conical quartz tube, the first conical quartz tube is contracted. Because the thickness of the core layer 2 gradually changes, the core layer 2 can be contracted to form a conical core layer 2 in the rod contraction process, the first through hole 10 is contracted to form a conical hole wrapping the core layer 2, and the conical preform 3 with the conical hole inside is constructed.
In the shrinking process of the shrinking rod, oxygen is introduced to purge the core layer 2 and the first conical quartz tube, and the temperature is gradually increased to 1700 ℃. Continuing to heat, reducing the moving speed of the heat source to 2.5-20 mm/min, keeping the pressure difference between the air outlet end and the atmospheric pressure, controlling the temperature to 1850-2150 ℃, and manufacturing the conical preform 3 by the first conical quartz tube of the deposited core layer 2.
After the tapered preform 3 is manufactured, the tapered preform 3 is placed on a drawing tower and drawn into a tapered optical fiber 4 with a graded core-to-cladding ratio. The tapered optical fiber 4 includes a core 41 that guides light in an axial direction of the tapered optical fiber 4, and a cladding 42 surrounding the core 41.
The tapered optical fiber 4 has a graded cladding diameter and a reversely graded core 41 diameter, the core ratio of the optical fiber is graded along with the length of the optical fiber, and the core ratio in unit length is changed more, which is beneficial to meeting the actual design and use requirements. Meanwhile, the diameter of the fiber core 41, the diameter of the cladding, the core Bao Bi and the like can be regulated and controlled within a certain range according to the requirements, and can be specifically regulated according to the requirements of passive optical fiber devices and optical systems.
Alternatively, in another embodiment, a cylindrical quartz tube with thermal property matching, optical property meeting requirement and having a through hole is selected, and the inner wall of the through hole is etched or polished to form a tapered through hole, thereby obtaining a first tapered quartz tube. And placing the first conical quartz tube on a deposition lathe, wherein the conical through hole extends from one end of the first conical quartz tube to the other end of the first conical quartz tube, and the aperture of the conical through hole gradually reduces from one end to the other end and is in a truncated cone shape.
After a first conical quartz tube with a conical through hole is manufactured, controlling the first conical quartz tube to rotate, introducing gas or liquid raw materials through the conical through hole, and depositing the gas or liquid raw materials on the inner wall of the conical through hole to form a core layer 2; in the deposition process, the gas or liquid raw material introducing speed is gradually adjusted to adjust the deposition amount of the core layer 2 along the direction of the tapered through hole. Specifically, the deposition amount of the core layer 2 decreases with shrinkage of the tapered through hole.
Optionally, the gas or liquid raw material introducing speed can be continuously changed, so that the deposition amount of the core layer 2 along the direction of the conical through hole is continuously changed to form an inclined plane; alternatively, the gas or liquid raw material inlet speed may be changed stepwise, so that the deposition amount of the core layer 2 along the tapered through hole direction is changed stepwise to form a multi-step surface.
Optionally, the deposition amount of the raw material in the tapered through hole along the tapered through hole direction is gradually changed, and after the core layer 2 with the gradually changed thickness is deposited in the tapered through hole of the first tapered quartz tube, the first tapered quartz tube is contracted. Because the thickness of the core layer 2 gradually changes, the core layer 2 can be contracted to form a conical core layer in the rod contraction process, the conical through holes are contracted to form conical holes for wrapping the core layer 2, and the conical prefabricated rod 3 with the conical holes is constructed.
In the shrinking process of the shrinking rod, oxygen is introduced to purge the core layer 2 and the first conical quartz tube, and the temperature is gradually increased to 1700 ℃. Continuing to heat, reducing the moving speed of the heat source to 2.5-20 mm/min, keeping the pressure difference between the air outlet end and the atmospheric pressure, controlling the temperature to 1850-2150 ℃, and manufacturing the first conical quartz tube for depositing the core layer 2 into the conical preform 3.
After the tapered preform 3 is manufactured, the tapered preform 3 is placed on a drawing tower, and is drawn into a tapered optical fiber 4 with a graded core-to-cladding ratio. The tapered optical fiber 4 includes a core 41 that guides light in an axial direction of the tapered optical fiber 4, and a cladding 42 surrounding the core 41.
The tapered optical fiber 4 has a constant cladding diameter and a graded core 41 diameter, and the core-to-cladding ratio of the optical fiber is graded along the length of the optical fiber so as to meet the actual design and use requirements. Meanwhile, the diameter of the fiber core 41, the core Bao Bi and the like can be regulated and controlled within a certain range according to the requirements, and can be specifically regulated according to the requirements of passive optical fiber devices and optical systems.
In one embodiment, step S102: a step of gradually adjusting the deposition amount along the direction of the first through hole during the deposition of the core layer by depositing the core layer in the first through hole, as shown in fig. 6, comprising the steps of:
step S1021: the first cylindrical quartz tube was pickled.
Step S1022: gradually increasing or decreasing the deposition loose layer along the direction of the first through hole, and doping rare earth ions in the deposition loose layer.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, after the first cylindrical quartz tube 1 with the first through hole 10 is manufactured, the first cylindrical quartz tube 1 is cleaned by means of acid cleaning, for example, the whole first cylindrical quartz tube 1 can be acid cleaned by using hydrofluoric acid solution, impurities in the first cylindrical quartz tube 1 are effectively removed by acid cleaning, and the processing quality is ensured.
After the pickling is finished, the rotary joint is arranged on the air inlet section of the first cylindrical quartz tube 1, the first cylindrical quartz tube 1 is arranged on a deposition lathe, a loose layer can be deposited by adopting a modified chemical vapor deposition method (Modified Chemical Vapor Deposition, MCVD), and rare earth ions are doped in the deposited loose layer.
Specifically, oxyhydrogen is usedThe first cylindrical quartz tube 1 was preheated outside the flame, and during the preheating, the temperature of the first cylindrical quartz tube 1 was gradually increased to 1200 ℃. Then, a gas raw material is introduced into the first cylindrical quartz tube 1 at a predetermined flow rate. The gas raw material is SiCl 4 、BCl 3 、GeCl 4 、POCl 3 Any one or a combination of a plurality of them. Before this, SF is also introduced into the first cylindrical quartz tube 1 6 ，O 2 The inner side wall of the first cylindrical quartz tube 1 is etched for a plurality of times, and the first cylindrical quartz tube 1 is continuously heated and is filled with gas raw materials. Wherein, when the gas raw material is introduced, the temperature of the reaction tube needs to be heated to 1500-1800 ℃. In the repeated rotation process of the first cylindrical quartz tube 1, the gas raw material inlet speed is gradually changed, the deposition loose layer is gradually increased or reduced along the direction of the first through hole 10, so that the deposition loose layer is gradually thickened or thinned along the direction of the first through hole 10, and the subsequent rod shrinkage is facilitated to form the conical preform 3. Rare earth ions can be doped in the loose layer during the deposition process or after the deposition.
It should be noted that, according to practical needs, the loose layer may be deposited by an external vapor deposition method (Outside Vapour Deposition, OVD), an axial chemical vapor deposition method (Vapour phase Axial Deposition, VAD) or a plasma chemical vapor deposition method (Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition, PCVD), and rare earth ions may be doped in the deposited loose layer.
Optionally, in another embodiment, step S102: a step of gradually adjusting the deposition amount along the direction of the first through hole during the deposition of the core layer, as shown in fig. 7, comprising the steps of:
step S1021: the first cylindrical quartz tube was pickled.
Step S1022: and increasing or reducing the deposited loose layer section by section along the direction of the first through hole, and doping rare earth ions in the deposited loose layer.
In this embodiment, the specific implementation of step S1021 and the way of introducing the gas raw material in step S1022 are similar to those of the above embodiment, and will not be described here again. In step S1022, when the gas raw material is introduced into the first through hole 10, the first cylindrical quartz tube 1 is repeatedly rotated, and the introduction speed of the gas raw material is changed segment by segment, so that the deposited porous layer can be increased or decreased segment by segment along the direction of the first through hole 10, thereby forming a stepped deposited porous layer that is thickened or thinned segment by segment along the direction of the first through hole 10, and facilitating the subsequent rod shrinking to form the tapered preform 3. Rare earth ions can be doped in the loose layer during the deposition process or after the deposition.
In this embodiment, during the process of doping rare earth ions, the solution containing rare earth ions may be introduced into the first through hole 10, and after the solution is soaked for a preset time, the remaining solution containing rare earth ions is discharged, so as to obtain the deposited porous layer containing rare earth ions.
Specifically, a solution containing rare earth doping ions is introduced into the first cylindrical quartz tube 1, and is soaked for more than 30 minutes for preset time, so that rare earth ion doping is carried out on the deposited loose layer. Specifically, rare earth doped ions and a dissolving solution are mixed according to a preset proportion to obtain a rare earth doped ion solution, wherein the rare earth ions are Nd 3+ 、Yb 3+ 、Er 3+ 、Tm 3+ Any one or a combination of a plurality of the above. The dissolution liquid is chloride solution or nitrate solution. After the solution containing rare earth doped ions is prepared, the first cylindrical quartz tube 1 is taken out, then the first cylindrical quartz tube 1 is put into the solution containing rare earth doped ions with specified concentration for soaking, after the soaking is finished, the solution containing rare earth ions can be discharged, and drying is carried out, so that a deposited loose layer containing rare earth ions can be obtained in the first through hole 10.
Alternatively, in some embodiments, the deposited bulk layer may not be doped with rare earth ions, depending on the actual requirements, in order to produce a passive fiber that is free of rare earth ions. Based on the above embodiments, in some embodiments, step S103: the step of collapsing the first cylindrical quartz tube on which the core layer is deposited to prepare a tapered preform comprises: sintering the first cylindrical quartz tube and the deposited loose layer to enable the first cylindrical quartz tube and the deposited loose layer to be fused and contracted into a conical prefabricated rod.
After the core layer 2 is deposited, the first cylindrical quartz tube 1 and the deposited loose layer are sintered at high temperature to vitrify the deposited loose layer containing rare earth ions, and then the vitrified deposited loose layer and the first cylindrical quartz tube 1 are fused into a solid conical preform 3, so that gaps between the deposited loose layer and the first cylindrical quartz tube 1 are effectively removed through rod shrinkage.
Based on the above embodiments, in some embodiments, step S104: the step of drawing the tapered preform into a tapered optical fiber specifically comprises: after the tapered preform is manufactured, as shown in fig. 4, the tapered preform 3 may be placed on a drawing tower, and the tapered preform 3 is softened by heating using a high temperature furnace, and adjustable experimental parameters include a heating rate, a drawing temperature, a drawing tension, and the like. The tapered preform 3 is softened by a high temperature furnace and then drawn to obtain a tapered optical fiber 4. As shown in fig. 5, the tapered optical fiber 4 includes a core 41 that guides light in the axial direction of the tapered optical fiber 4, and a cladding 42 surrounding the core 41. The tapered optical fiber 4 with gradually changed core-to-core ratio has gradually changed core 41 diameter and unchanged cladding diameter, the core-to-core ratio of the optical fiber gradually changes along with the length of the optical fiber, the diameter, core-to-core ratio, taper angle and the like of the core 41 can be regulated and controlled within a certain range according to requirements, and the specific regulation can be carried out according to the requirements of passive optical fiber devices and optical systems.
Based on the above embodiment, in other embodiments, step S104: the step of drawing the tapered preform into a tapered optical fiber specifically comprises: after the conical preform is manufactured, if the conical preform is found not to meet the specification and needs a sleeve, as shown in fig. 8, a second quartz tube 5 with thermal property matching and optical property meeting requirements is selected, and a second through hole matched with the conical preform 3 is formed in the second quartz tube 5, and extends from one end of the second quartz tube 5 to the other end of the second through hole. And then assembling the second quartz tube 5 with the conical prefabricated rod 3, and sleeving on a sleeving lathe to obtain a solid conical optical fiber prefabricated rod, thereby obtaining the conical optical fiber prefabricated rod meeting the requirements. And placing the tapered optical fiber preform on a wire drawing tower, and heating and softening the tapered optical fiber preform by using a high-temperature furnace, wherein adjustable experimental parameters comprise heating rate, drawing temperature, drawing tension and the like. The tapered optical fiber preform is softened by a high-temperature furnace and then drawn into the tapered optical fiber 4, the sealing performance can be fully ensured by drawing after the sleeve is sleeved, the drawing is easier to control, and the concentricity error is restrained. As shown in fig. 5, the tapered optical fiber 4 includes a core 41 that guides light in the axial direction of the tapered optical fiber 4, and a cladding 42 surrounding the core 41; wherein the cladding 42 is formed after the second quartz tube 5 and the first cylindrical quartz tube 1 are sleeved. The tapered optical fiber 4 has a gradual change of the diameter of the fiber core 41 and a constant cladding diameter, the core-to-cladding ratio of the optical fiber gradually changes along with the length of the optical fiber, and the diameter, core-to-cladding ratio, taper angle and the like of the fiber core 41 can be regulated and controlled within a certain range according to the requirements, and can be specifically regulated according to the requirements of passive optical fiber devices and optical systems.
Finally, as shown in FIG. 9, the outer periphery of the cladding 42 may be coated twice with a low-profile coating to form an optical fiber coating within the cladding 42.
Specifically, the first coating is performed to form an optical fiber inner coating; a second coating is applied to the peripheral wall of the inner coating of the optical fiber to form an outer coating.
In the above-described manufacturing process, the present embodiment is essentially to apply the optical fiber inner coating layer to the peripheral wall of the optical fiber cladding layer. The optical fiber inner coating is a low refractive index coating, and the refractive index of the optical fiber inner coating is lower than that of the optical fiber cladding so as to ensure the reliability of the tapered optical fiber.
In addition, the present application also provides two specific embodiments.
Example 1:
the preparation method of the double-clad ytterbium-doped tapered optical fiber comprises the following steps:
step 1: the cylindrical high purity quartz tube was placed in a deposition lathe.
Step 2: and depositing a core layer on a lathe, gradually increasing along the axial direction, and shrinking the rod after depositing the core layer to form the tapered optical fiber preform. Specifically, the high-temperature lamp moves at a constant speed below the quartz tube, the amount of silicon tetrachloride introduced into the tube is gradually increased along the axial direction, and a deposition layer with a conical section and continuously increased thickness is formed in the axial direction of the tube.
Step 3: and placing the deposited core rod on a lathe to shrink the rod into a tapered optical fiber preform.
Step 4: and placing the conical optical fiber preform on a drawing tower to draw into a conical optical fiber.
Example 2:
the preparation method of the double-clad ytterbium-doped tapered optical fiber comprises the following steps:
step 1: the cylindrical high purity quartz tube was placed in a deposition lathe.
Step 2: and depositing a core layer on a lathe, gradually changing in sections along the axial direction, and shrinking the rod after depositing the core layer to form the tapered optical fiber preform. The high-temperature lamp moves at a constant speed below the quartz tube, the amount of silicon tetrachloride introduced into the tube is increased section by section along the axial direction, so that a core layer deposited in the tube is gradually thickened, and finally a multi-section deposition layer with a conical section is formed along the axial direction.
Step 3: and placing the deposited core rod on a lathe to shrink the rod into a tapered optical fiber preform.
Step 4: and placing the conical optical fiber preform on a drawing tower to draw into a conical optical fiber.
On the other hand, in some embodiments of the present application, a tapered optical fiber is provided, where the tapered optical fiber is manufactured by the method for manufacturing a tapered optical fiber according to any of the embodiments described above, and therefore, the tapered optical fiber also includes all the advantages of the method for manufacturing a tapered optical fiber according to any of the embodiments described above, and is not described herein again for avoiding repetition.
The above-described embodiment of the apparatus is merely illustrative, and some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the embodiment. Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand and implement the present invention without undue burden.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method of making a tapered optical fiber comprising:
placing a first cylindrical quartz tube provided with a first through hole on a deposition lathe;
depositing a core layer in the first through hole, and gradually adjusting the deposition amount along the direction of the first through hole in the process of depositing the core layer;
collapsing the first cylindrical quartz tube on which the core layer is deposited to prepare a tapered optical fiber preform;
the tapered optical fiber preform is drawn into a tapered optical fiber including a core that conducts light along an axial direction of the tapered optical fiber and a cladding surrounding the core.
2. The method of manufacturing a tapered optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein the step of gradually adjusting the deposition amount in the direction of the first through hole during the deposition of the core layer by depositing the core layer in the first through hole comprises:
pickling the first cylindrical quartz tube;
gradually increasing or decreasing a deposition loose layer along the direction of the first through hole, and doping rare earth ions in the deposition loose layer.
3. The method of manufacturing a tapered optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein the step of depositing a core layer in the first through hole, and gradually adjusting the deposition amount in the direction of the first through hole during the deposition of the core layer, comprises:
pickling the first cylindrical quartz tube;
and increasing or reducing a deposited loose layer section by section along the direction of the first through hole, and doping rare earth ions in the deposited loose layer.
4. A method of preparing a tapered optical fiber according to any one of claims 2 or 3, wherein the step of doping rare earth ions in the deposited bulk layer comprises:
introducing a solution containing the rare earth ions into the first through hole;
and after soaking for a preset time, discharging the residual solution containing the rare earth ions.
5. A method of preparing a tapered optical fiber according to claim 3, wherein the rare earth ion is Nd 3+ 、Yb 3+ 、Er 3+ 、Tm 3+ Any one or a combination of a plurality of the above.
6. A method of producing a tapered optical fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the step of collapsing the first cylindrical quartz tube on which the core layer is deposited to produce a tapered preform comprises:
sintering the first cylindrical quartz tube and the deposition loose layer to enable the first cylindrical quartz tube and the deposition loose layer to be fused and contracted into the conical prefabricated rod.
7. The method of preparing a tapered optical fiber as claimed in claim 6, wherein the step of drawing the tapered preform into a tapered optical fiber comprises:
and placing the conical preform on a drawing tower, and drawing to obtain the conical optical fiber.
8. A method of preparing a tapered optical fiber according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the step of drawing the tapered preform into a tapered optical fiber comprises:
assembling the second quartz tube and the conical prefabricated rod, and sleeving on a sleeving lathe to obtain a solid conical optical fiber prefabricated rod;
and placing the tapered optical fiber preform on a drawing tower, and drawing to obtain the tapered optical fiber.
9. A method of preparing a tapered optical fiber according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the step of drawing the tapered preform into a tapered optical fiber further comprises:
the cladding is coated twice on its periphery to form an optical fiber coating.
10. A tapered optical fiber, characterized in that the tapered optical fiber is produced by the method for producing a tapered optical fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
CN202310344141.4A 2023-03-29 2023-03-29 Tapered optical fiber and preparation method thereof Pending CN116282888A (en)

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