CN116278222A - Self-expansion lightning stroke protection composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Self-expansion lightning stroke protection composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116278222A CN116278222A CN202310221294.XA CN202310221294A CN116278222A CN 116278222 A CN116278222 A CN 116278222A CN 202310221294 A CN202310221294 A CN 202310221294A CN 116278222 A CN116278222 A CN 116278222A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a self-expansion lightning strike protection composite material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the self-expansion lightning strike protection composite material comprises a carrier layer and a protective layer, the carrier layer comprises conductive functional filler and a matrix, the content of the conductive functional filler is 0.1-45 wt%, and the areal density of the carrier layer is 10-150 g/m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The protective layer comprises an energy-absorbing material which can absorb heat and expand and has heat insulation effect after expansion, and the density of the protective layer surface is 5-100 g/m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Self-expanding lightning stroke protection compositeThe surface density of the material is 15-250 g/m 2 . The self-expansion lightning strike protection composite material and the preparation method thereof provided by the invention provide the curable adhesive film material with self-expansion property, excellent conductivity and lightning strike protection property, and have excellent and effective lightning strike protection function.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lightning stroke protection of composite material parts, and particularly relates to a self-expansion lightning stroke protection composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the continuous development of human society, more and more structural components (such as fan blades, aircrafts and the like) choose to use light-weight and high-strength composite materials, so that the overall weight of the structure is reduced and the mechanical performance is improved. These composites typically use high performance fibers (e.g., carbon fibers, glass fibers, etc.) as reinforcement, distributed in a specific structure within a polymer matrix. As such, composite materials are far less conductive than metallic materials, and their ability to transfer and dissipate electrical energy generated by lightning strikes is also weaker, as are the accumulation of energy and internal release after lightning strikes. When lightning strikes are attached to non-conductive composite material parts such as wind driven generator blades, aircraft external composite material parts and the like, air is instantaneously ionized to generate high-temperature plasma, firstly, the surface of the composite material is directly damaged by radiant heat flow, then secondary joule heat is rapidly increased along the plane and thickness direction of the composite material, further surface and penetration damage are caused, and phenomena such as visible corona discharge, streamer and the like are caused. Thus, lightning strike protection for composite materials is particularly critical.
At present, lightning protection technology for composite materials mainly comprises the step of covering conductive metal nets such as copper nets and aluminum nets on the surfaces of the materials. The method aims to improve the conductivity of the surface of the material, increase a conductive path, enable lightning strike electric energy to be rapidly dissipated on the surface of the composite material, and reduce the damage degree of a lightning strike point. The existing research results show that lightning attachment on the surface of the composite material is a complex process of multi-field coupling of stress field, electric field, magnetic field and temperature field, and the diversion and dissipation of lightning current are often insufficient to achieve the effect of lightning protection. After lightning current is attached to the surface of a composite material member, high-energy plasma jet (namely lightning arc) is generated on the surface of the material within a few microseconds, and the composite material is damaged by direct action of magnetic pressure and air pressure impact, instantaneous local joule heat ablation and the like, but the existing lightning protection scheme of the composite material such as surface copper mesh, aluminum mesh or aluminum spraying and the like only focuses on improving the conductivity of the composite material, and the effective protection of the secondary lightning damage is not considered, meanwhile, the structural weight is inevitably increased, and the labor cost is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: aiming at the technical problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides a self-expansion lightning strike protection composite material and a preparation method thereof, provides a curable adhesive film material with self-expansion property, excellent conductivity and lightning strike protection property, and has excellent and effective lightning strike protection function.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a self-expansion lightning strike protection composite material comprises a carrier layer and a protective layer, wherein the carrier layer comprises conductive functional filler and a matrix, the content of the conductive functional filler is 0.1-45 wt%, and the areal density of the carrier layer is 10-150 g/m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The protective layer comprises an energy-absorbing material which can absorb heat and expand and has heat insulation effect after expansion, and the density of the protective layer surface is 5-100 g/m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The area density of the self-expansion lightning strike protection composite material is 15-250 g/m 2 。
As a further improvement of the above technical scheme:
preferably, the carrier layer is a metal-plated nonwoven fabric or fabric.
Preferably, the conductive functional filler is at least one of graphene, carbon nanotubes, chopped fibers with a metal coating, and nano silver wires.
Preferably, the matrix is at least one of polyester, epoxy, bismaleimide, benzoxazine and phenolic.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the self-expansion lightning stroke protection composite material, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, coating a metal material layer on the surface of expanded graphite, wherein the metal material can be silver, nickel or copper, and preparing surface-metallized expanded graphite; the content of the metal layer is 1-50wt% based on the total mass of the expanded graphite after surface metallization;
s2, preparing a conductive dispersion liquid, wherein the component with a conductive function in the conductive dispersion liquid is at least one of graphene, carbon nano tubes, chopped fibers with metal plating layers, nano silver wires and the like; the concentration of the conductive component is 0 to 20wt% based on the total mass of the dispersion;
step S3, preparing a solution of matrix resin, wherein the resin is polyester, epoxy, bismaleimide, benzoxazine, phenolic aldehyde and the like, and the concentration of the solution can be about 100g/L to 500g/L;
s4, selecting fiber cloth as a carrier, wherein the fiber diameter is not smaller than 3 mu m;
step S5, compounding the conductive dispersion liquid in the step S2, the matrix resin solution in the step S3 and the fiber cloth carrier in the step S4, and drying to prepare a glue film; based on the total mass of the adhesive film, the content of the conductive functional filler is 0.1-45 wt%, and the surface density of the adhesive film is 10-150 g/m 2 ；
Step S6, coating the surface metallized expanded graphite in the step S1 on the adhesive film in the step S5; wherein the surface density of the metallized expanded graphite is 5-100 g/m 2 ；
S7, drying to obtain the lightning stroke protection function composite material with the surface density of 15-250 g/m 2 。
Compared with the prior art, the self-expansion lightning stroke protection composite material provided by the invention has the following advantages:
the invention provides a self-expansion lightning strike protection composite material, which is prepared by carrying out reinforced conductive modification on self-expansion graphite and carrying the self-expansion graphite on a fiber cloth composite material in a hybrid way, and is light, conductive and has a self-expansion isolation function. When lightning strike is attached to a non-conductive or low-conductive adhesive film material part, high-temperature plasma radiation heat flow generated by air ionization triggers instantaneous self-expansion of the expanded graphite, so that the surface self-expansion lightning strike protection composite material is instantaneously and physically isolated from a substrate material while lightning strike current is conducted, the effects of diversion and flame retardance are achieved, and the composite material with a protected bottom layer is protected.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a lightning strike protection composite of the invention.
Fig. 2 is an electron microscope image of sample 1 in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an electron microscope image of sample 2 in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is an electron microscope image of sample 3 in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is an electron microscope image of sample 4 in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is an electron microscope image of sample 5 in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is an electron microscope image of sample 6 in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a lightning strike protection composite of the invention.
FIG. 9 (a) is 80g/m of example 1 of the present invention 2 Surface condition of the protective film-T300/5228 sample after lightning strike.
FIG. 9 (b) is 120g/m in example 1 of the present invention 2 Surface condition of the protective film-T300/5228 sample after lightning strike.
FIG. 9 (c) is 160g/m of example 1 of the present invention 2 Surface condition of the protective film-T300/5228 sample after lightning strike.
FIG. 10 (a) is 160g/m of example 1 of the present invention 2 Appearance of the protective film after lightning strike of the T300/5228 sample.
FIG. 10 (b) is 160g/m of example 1 of the present invention without the heat-insulating layer 2 Appearance of the protective film after lightning strike of the T300/5228 sample.
FIG. 10 (c) is the apparent morphology of the unprotected T300/5228 control sample of example 1 of the present invention after lightning strikes.
FIG. 10 (d) is 275g/m in example 1 of the present invention 2 Surface after lightning strike of copper net adhesive film-T300/5228 sampleAnd (5) observing morphology.
FIG. 11 (a) is 160g/m of example 1 of the present invention 2 Reconstruction of lightning damage structure of protective film-T300/5228 sample.
FIG. 11 (b) is 160g/m of example 1 of the present invention without the heat-insulating layer 2 Reconstruction of lightning damage structure of the protective film-T300/5228 sample (b).
FIG. 11 (c) is a lightning damage structure reconstruction of unprotected T300/5228 control samples in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 11 (d) is 275g/m in example 1 of the present invention 2 And (3) reconstructing a lightning stroke damage structure of the copper mesh adhesive film-T300/5228 sample.
Detailed Description
The following describes specific embodiments of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating and illustrating the invention, are not intended to limit the invention.
FIGS. 1 to 11 show an embodiment of the self-expanding lightning strike protection composite of the invention, comprising a carrier layer comprising a conductive functional filler and a matrix, the conductive functional filler being present in an amount of 0.1 to 45wt% and the carrier layer having an areal density of 10 to 150g/m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The protective layer comprises an energy-absorbing material which can absorb heat and expand and has heat insulation effect after expansion, and the density of the protective layer surface is 5-100 g/m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The area density of the self-expansion lightning strike protection composite material is 15-250 g/m 2 。
The self-expansion lightning strike protection composite material has high conductivity, and can absorb Joule heat generated in the lightning strike process through the expansion process when the ambient temperature is increased. The electric conduction and energy absorption efficiency of the composite material can be adjusted by adjusting the types and the proportions of the functional components.
The carrier layer can be a non-woven fabric or a fabric plated with metal, and can be one or a combination of more of the following fibers, comprising: high polymer fibers such as nylon fibers, polyester fibers, aramid fibers, polyphenylene sulfide fibers and the like; inorganic fibers such as carbon fibers, glass fibers, basalt fibers, quartz fibers, silicon carbide fibers, and carbon nanotube fibers; natural fibers such as flax, sisal, jute, ramie, hemp, and the like.
The conductive functional filler is selected from light conductive carbon materials such as graphene, carbon nano tubes, vapor grown carbon fibers and the like, or light metal such as silver nano wires, copper nano wires, conductive zinc oxide whiskers, four-needle conductive zinc oxide whiskers and the like, or conductive treated metal oxide filler.
The matrix material has good wettability and binding force to the conductive and energy-absorbing materials, and has good compatibility with the composite material. The matrix is selected from thermosetting resins such as epoxy resin, bismaleimide resin, unsaturated polyester resin, phenolic resin, benzoxazine resin, cyanate resin and the like, thermoplastic plastics such as polyurethane, polyester, nylon, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyetheretherketone, polyaryletherketone, polyphenyl ether, polyphenylene sulfide and the like, or elastomer materials such as nitrile rubber, polysulfide rubber, natural rubber, silicon rubber and the like.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a self-expansion lightning stroke protection composite material, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, coating a layer of metal material on the surface of expanded graphite, wherein the metal material can be silver, nickel, copper and the like, and preparing surface-metallized expanded graphite; the content of the metal layer is 1 to 50wt% based on the total mass of the expanded graphite after surface metallization.
S2, preparing conductive dispersion liquid, wherein the conductive component in the conductive dispersion liquid is at least one of graphene, carbon nano tubes, chopped fibers with metal plating layers and nano silver wires; the concentration of the conductive component is 0 to 20wt% based on the total mass of the dispersion.
And S3, preparing a solution of matrix resin, wherein the resin is at least one of polyester, epoxy, bismaleimide, benzoxazine and phenolic aldehyde, and the concentration of the solution is 10-500 g/L.
S4, selecting fiber cloth as a carrier, wherein non-woven fabrics or fabrics plated with metal can be selected, and the carrier fiber can be polymer or carbon fiber; the fiber diameter is not less than 3 μm.
Step S5, compounding the conductive dispersion liquid in step S2, the matrix resin solution in step S3 and the fiber cloth carrier in step S4 in proportion, and drying to obtainForming an adhesive film; based on the total mass of the adhesive film, the content of the conductive functional filler is 0.1-45 wt%, and the surface density of the adhesive film is 10-150 g/m 2 。
Step S6, uniformly and continuously coating the surface metallized expanded graphite in the step S1 on the adhesive film in the step S5; wherein the surface density of the metallized expanded graphite is 5-100 g/m 2 。
S7, drying to obtain the lightning stroke protection function composite material with the surface density of 15-250 g/m 2 。
Example 1
In this embodiment, there are various methods for preparing the surface metal expanded graphite, and the metal particles are physically attached to the surface of the expanded graphite, so that the electrical conductivity of the expanded graphite can be enhanced. The following is a specific description and comparison:
the method comprises the following steps: 1g of silver nano particles are taken, firstly, uniformly dispersed in 25mL of isopropanol by ultrasonic, then 5g of expanded graphite is added, and stirring is carried out for 15min under ultrasonic; after the expanded graphite is placed for sedimentation, collecting the sediment below, and drying the upper liquid without falling off; the remaining upper liquid is sonicated for 10 minutes, the sonication is stopped, then the expanded graphite is added to the liquid, stirred for 5 minutes, after the expanded graphite is allowed to settle, the lower precipitate is collected and dried, resulting in sample 1 (fig. 2), which corresponds to two adsorptions.
The second method is as follows: 1g of silver nano particles are taken, firstly, uniformly dispersed in 25mL of isopropanol by ultrasonic, then 5g of expanded graphite is added, and stirring is carried out for 15min under ultrasonic; after the expanded graphite is placed for sedimentation, collecting the sediment below, and drying the upper liquid without falling off; and (3) carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the residual upper liquid for 10 minutes, stopping ultrasonic treatment, adding the expanded graphite into the liquid, stirring for 5 minutes, standing for sedimentation of the expanded graphite, collecting the lower sediment, drying, repeating the steps until all the liquid is adsorbed by the expanded graphite, and drying to obtain a sample 2 (shown in figure 3), wherein the sample is equivalent to isopropanol completely adsorbing and dispersing particles.
And a third method: taking 2g of silver nano particles, uniformly dispersing the silver nano particles in 25mL of isopropanol by ultrasonic waves, adding 5g of expanded graphite, and stirring for 15min under ultrasonic waves; after the expanded graphite is placed for sedimentation, collecting the sediment below, and drying the upper liquid without falling off; and (3) carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the residual upper liquid for 10 minutes, stopping ultrasonic treatment, adding the expanded graphite into the liquid, stirring for 5 minutes, standing for sedimentation of the expanded graphite, collecting the sediment below, and drying, and repeating the steps until all the liquid is adsorbed by the expanded graphite. Weigh and record graphite usage and product quality. Sample 3 (see fig. 4) was obtained, which corresponds to isopropyl alcohol that completely adsorbed and dispersed particles.
The method four: 1g of silver nano particles is taken, 5g of expanded graphite and 10mL of isopropanol are added, and the mixture is stirred and mixed uniformly under ultrasonic wave repeatedly until the solution is basically dried, and then the solution is dried to obtain a sample 4 (shown in figure 5) which is simply dispersed.
And a fifth method: taking 2g of silver nano particles, adding 5g of expanded graphite and 10mL of isopropanol, repeatedly stirring and uniformly mixing under ultrasonic until the solution is basically dried, and then drying. Weigh and record graphite usage and product quality. Sample 5 (see fig. 6) was obtained and simply dispersed.
The method six: 5g of silver nano particles are taken, 5g of expanded graphite and 10mL of isopropanol are added, and the mixture is stirred and mixed uniformly under ultrasonic wave repeatedly until the solution is basically dried, and then the solution is dried. Weigh and record graphite usage and product quality. Sample 6 (see fig. 7) was obtained and simply dispersed.
In the six methods, the adsorption quantity of the nano silver particles is 0.1 to 50 weight percent based on the total weight of the expanded graphite after the physical silver attachment.
The surface metal expanded graphite of the six samples is subjected to conductivity detection in the following manner:
the cylinders with a cross-sectional diameter of 10mm and a height of approximately were pressed with a tablet press under a constant pressure of 8 tons, and the resistance R between the upper and lower surfaces of the cylinders was measured using a universal meter. The calculation formula is known:
σ＝1/ρ，ρ＝RS/L
the conductivity σ=l/RS can be deduced. The test results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
| Sequence number | Name of the name | Sample length L (m) | Sample resistance R (omega) | Conductivity sigma of sample (S/m) |
| 1 | Pure 80 mesh expanded graphite | 7.10E-03 | 6.5 | 13.91 |
| 2 | Pure 25nm silver particles | 6.40E-03 | 0.3 | 271.76 |
| 3 | Silver-attached expanded graphite sample 1 | 5.42E-03 | 1.2 | 57.54 |
| 4 | Silver-attached expanded graphite sample 2 | 6.27E-03 | 1 | 79.87 |
| 5 | Silver-attached expanded graphite sample 3 | 6.24E-03 | 0.5 | 158.98 |
| 6 | Silver-attached expanded graphite sample 4 | 6.19E-03 | 1.3 | 60.66 |
| 7 | Silver-attached expanded graphite sample 5 | 6.14E-03 | 0.8 | 97.77 |
| 8 | Silver-attached expanded graphite sample 6 | 6.16E-03 | 0.8 | 98.09 |
Compared with pure untreated expanded graphite, the expanded graphite with the surface treated by the metal plating has obviously improved conductivity.
The lightning stroke protection composite material is prepared by adopting the expanded graphite with silver plating on the surface, and the steps are as follows:
and 1, dispersing graphene in dichloroethane with a solid content of 2.0%, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 0.5h to open the structure of the crimped graphene so as to keep the structure in a fully developed state.
Step 2, dissolving an adhesive (the adhesive is SY-14 type epoxy resin, purchased from Beijing aviation materials research institute) in dichloroethane at a concentration of 500g/L; and adding the dispersion liquid of the graphene, wherein the mass ratio of the graphene to the adhesive is 1:100 in the resin solution, and performing ultrasonic dispersion on the solution again for 0.5h, and then performing high-shear mixing for 40-72 h to obtain the graphene modified epoxy resin.
Step 3, preparing graphene modified epoxy resin into a wet adhesive film, coating the wet adhesive film on silver-plated nylon non-woven fabric, and controlling the dry weight of the resin adhesive film containing the nylon non-woven fabric to be 32g/m 2 And (3) placing the wet film in a baking oven at the temperature of (100+/-5) DEG C, and drying for (2.0+/-0.5) h to obtain the conductive fiber carrier layer of the self-expansion lightning stroke protection composite material.
Step 4, adding the expanded graphite with silver attached to the surface into a dichloroethane solution of SY-14 type epoxy resin, wherein the mass ratio of the expanded graphite with silver attached to the adhesive is 1:1, transferring the solution containing the silver-attached expanded graphite and SY-14 epoxy resin into a stirring tank, and stirring (30+/-5) for min at the rotating speed of (500+/-10) rpm to obtain a uniformly dispersed suspension. Uniformly coating the uniformly dispersed suspension on a polyethylene film to form a dry weight of 8g/m 2 Is a wet adhesive film. And transferring the coated wet adhesive film into a baking oven at the temperature of (100+/-5) DEG C, and drying for (2.0+/-0.5) h to obtain the expanded graphite protective layer of the self-expanding lightning stroke protective composite material.
Step 5, paving the conductive chemical fiber carrier layer and the expanded graphite protective layer together to prepare the composite material with the surface density of 40g/m 2 Is a composite adhesive film.
Graphene has high volume electrical conductivity (3512S/m) and thermal conductivity (977W.m) -1 ·K -1 ). And adding graphene into a high molecular system to conduct electric conduction-heat conduction modification on the SY-14 epoxy resin adhesive matrix.
In the aspect of heat insulation materials, the strength of common heat insulation materials such as asbestos, foam materials and the like is low, the stacking state is loose, the cohesive strength of the materials can be greatly reduced when the materials are directly added into a structural composite material system, and the thickness of a polymer film is greatly increased. For this purpose, the most preferred option is to use a thermal insulation material of the "trigger type". The material is in a compact particle state under the normal temperature non-triggering state, and can rapidly expand around a heated area after reaching the triggering temperature to form a close-packed foam structure containing a large number of holes. Similar materials include vermiculite, expanded graphite, and the like. The trigger temperature of the expanded graphite is (200-300) DEG C, which is higher than the curing and post-treatment temperature of common thermosetting resins such as epoxy resin, bismaleimide resin and the like and is far lower than the temperature around the plasma in the direct effect of thunder and lightning; and the carbon material is lighter in weight, the conductivity of the expanded graphite after silver plating is further improved, and the expanded graphite is suitable for the design of the lightning protection composite material.
The lightning stroke protection composite material is prepared by stacking, namely, three materials of silver-plated nylon mesh, graphene and expanded graphite are divided into an electric conduction heat conduction layer (silver-plated nylon mesh and graphene) and a heat insulation layer (expanded graphite), and a two-layer or multi-layer stacked structure is manufactured.
Preparing a performance comparison material:
adopting the mode of the step S5 to prepare the surface density of 120g/m 2 And 160g/m 2 The lightning protection composite material is used for structural comparison of the lightning protection composite material.
At the same time of completing the composite material of the embodiment, the conductive glue solution containing graphene is mixed according to 160g/m 2 The designed surface density of the product is evenly coated on four layers of nylon non-woven fabrics, and the product is transferred into a (100+/-5) DEG C oven to be dried (2.0+/-0.5) h to prepare the product which is 160g/m 2 The electric conductivity is close (the addition amount of the silver-plated nylon net is the same, and the content of graphene in a high polymer system is 1.0 percent), but the direct electric heating effect of lightning current can only be dissipated by the electric conduction and heat conduction principle, and the control material without the heat insulation functional layer is prepared.
Selecting 160g/m with the maximum surface density and the maximum heterogeneous material content 2 The multi-scale/multifunctional lightning strike protection film is compounded with a T300/5228 epoxy resin-based (T300/5228 epoxy resin prepreg is purchased from China composite material Co., ltd.) composite material, basic mechanical property analysis is carried out, and the composite material is used for comparing the mechanical properties of the lightning strike protection composite material.
According to the structure of the epoxy resin-based composite material in practical application, the T300/5228 prepreg is selected as a matrix material of the multi-scale/multifunctional lightning strike protection film. According to [45/0/-45/90 ]] 2S The T300/5228 composite material is paved in a layering mode, and the lightning stroke protection composite material is adhered to one surface of the epoxy resin-based composite material and contains graphene and silver-plated nylon withoutThe conductive fiber carrier layer of the spinning cloth is arranged at the outermost side and bears the direct impact of lightning current, and the expanded graphite is protected for a plurality of times, so that the heat insulation and flame retardance effects are achieved. After the lightning strike protection film and the epoxy resin prepreg which are paved are assembled, the lightning strike protection film is solidified according to an autoclave process.
The epoxy-based composite material with the lightning strike protection composite material attached to the surface and the blank sample without the lightning strike protection film attached to the surface are compared in table 2. As can be seen from Table 2, the multi-scale/multi-functional lightning strike protection composite material has no influence on the static mechanical properties of the epoxy resin matrix, and the bending strength and the interlaminar shear strength of the composite material reach 810MPa and 66MPa respectively. The actual weight of the lightning strike protection composite material after the preparation is 168g/m 2 Slightly heavier than the theoretical design value due to errors in manual operation; the lightning strike protection composite material was still superior to the control expanded copper mesh (280 g/m 2 ) About 39% and has less effect on the thickness of the epoxy resin-based composite material as a whole.
TABLE 2 Effect of lightning strike protection composite materials on epoxy resin based composite Material Performance
| Sequence number | Test item | T300/5228 | Lightning strike protection T300/5228 |
| 1 | Areal density, g/m 2 | - | 168 |
| 2 | Thickening of composite material, mm | - | 0.06 |
| 3 | Flexural Strength, MPa | 862 | 810 |
| 4 | Interlaminar shear strength, MPa | 66 | 66 |
Wherein, the mechanical property test data is regularized according to the volume fraction of 58 percent of fiber.
FIG. 8 is a microscopic morphology of a cross section of a lightning strike protection composite, showing that the SY-14 epoxy resin and 5228 resin form a clear interface after curing, and that the state of interpenetration of the lightning strike protection composite and the resin matrix does not occur; meanwhile, the interface between the resin and the adhesive has good quality and no defect. The clear but defect-free interface state is a main reason why the lightning strike protection composite material has no influence on the performance of the epoxy resin matrix composite material.
After the preparation of the multi-scale/multifunctional lightning protection composite materials with different structures and different layers is completed, placing a lightning protection composite material sample in a standard lightning 2A area simulation environment to complete the lightning protection capability test of the lightning protection composite materials and different specification comparison groups.
The design area density is 80g/m 2 、120g/m 2 And 160g/m 2 Is a multi-scale/multi-functional lightning strike protection composite material; the designed area density is 160g/m 2 A lightning strike protection composite without an insulating functional layer; surface Density 275g/m 2 The adhesive film containing the expanded copper mesh is compounded with the laid T300/5228 prepreg,and (3) putting the test plate and a blank control group which is not subjected to lightning stroke protection treatment and is the same in layering into an autoclave for curing.
After molding, except for the blank control group, the composite material test panels subjected to lightning stroke protection treatment all have different degrees of weight increment and thickening, and the thickening and weight increment conditions of each test panel are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 impact of different types of lightning strike protection schemes on weight and thickness of epoxy-based composites
| Sequence number | Sample type | Test panel weight gain, g/m 2 | Test panel thickness, mm |
| 1 | T300/5228 | - | 4.75 |
| 2 | 80g/m 2 Protective film-T300/5228 | 92 | 4.88 |
| 3 | 120g/m 2 Protective film-T300/5228 | 118 | 4.92 |
| 4 | 160g/m 2 Protective film-T300/5228 | 173 | 4.96 |
| 5 | 160g/m 2 Protective film (without insulating layer) -T300/5228 | 167 | 4.88 |
| 6 | 275g/m 2 Expanded copper mesh-T300/5228 | 276 | 4.81 |
The direct lightning strike effect test of the 6 different samples is completed by adopting the 2A area full-factor lightning strike test condition. Wherein 80g/m 2 Protective film-T300/5228 sample, 120g/m 2 Protective film-T300/5228 sample and 160g/m 2 The appearance of the protective film-T300/5228 specimen after lightning strike is shown in FIG. 9. In FIG. 9, 80g/m 2 Protective film-T300/5228 sample (a), 120g/m 2 pellicle-T300/5228 sample (b) and 160g/m 2 The surface state of the protective film-T300/5228 sample (c) after lightning strike can be intuitively seen that the lightning strike protection state of the surface of the epoxy resin-based composite material is remarkably improved as the number of layers of the lightning strike protection electric conduction/heat insulation composite structure is continuously increased, from 80g/m of FIG. 9 2 The deep damage of more fibers is turned over in a large area in the protective film; lighten to 120g/m 2 The lightning stroke protects the surface of the composite material, and only the middle part attached by the lightning stroke has less ablation damage of the area with the layer; 160g/m with best lightning strike protection effect 2 The lightning protection composite material only has a small number of circumferential concave-convex stripes on the surface, and the fiber layer is not damaged at the central part where lightning is directly attached, so that the lightning protection composite material is not severely ablated.
At 80g/m 2 And 160g/m 2 Lightning strikes the surface of the protective film, all found circumferential wrinkles in the form of "annual rings". The lightning protection material is characterized by damage morphology of the electric conduction heat conduction/heat insulation type multi-scale/multi-functional lightning protection material, and when the multi-scale/multi-functional lightning protection film with the same specification is adopted, the common characteristic of samples with the annual ring type characteristic morphology is that the influence of the direct effect of lightning is small, and no obvious ablation trace exists at the central point part where the lightning is attached.
Completing 160g/m without heat insulation layer 2 Adhesive film protective composite, 275g/m 2 The apparent damage states of all samples after lightning strike are shown in figure 10 by expanding the copper mesh protection composite material and the full-factor lightning direct effect test of the lightning strike 2A area of the blank control group. 160g/m in FIG. 10 2 Protective film-T300/5228 sample (a), 160g/m without insulation 2 pellicle-T300/5228 sample (b), unprotected T300/5228 control sample (c), and 275g/m 2 The apparent morphology comparison of the copper mesh adhesive film-T300/5228 sample (d) after lightning strike shows that the damage of the composite material for expanding the protection of the copper mesh after lightning strike is minimum and 160g/m without a heat insulation layer 2 The lightning strike protection composite material has obviously improved protection effect compared with a blank control, but has 160g/m 2 Compared with an expanded copper mesh, the multi-scale/multi-functional lightning stroke protection composite material film has the advantages that the surface ablation phenomenon is still serious, and the microscopic fracture is turned out. The test results show that in the multi-scale/multi-functional lightning strike protection composite material, the electric conduction and heat conduction functional layer and the heat insulation functional layer are indispensable.
Except 160g/m 2 Outside the multi-scale/multi-functional protective composite, ablation marks with different degrees appear on the surface of the sample including the expanded copper mesh protective composite. The reason is that in the above scheme, only 160g/m 2 The multi-scale/multifunctional composite material is specifically designed aiming at the direct plasma thermal effect, so that obvious differences of thermal protection effects of different sample surfaces are caused.
In FIG. 11, 160g/m 2 Protective film-T300/5228 sample (a), 160g/m without insulation 2 Protective film-T300/5228 sample (b), unprotected T300/5228 control sample (c), and 275g/m 2 And (3) reconstructing a lightning stroke damage structure of the copper net adhesive film-T300/5228 sample (d).
The combination method of C scanning and B scanning is adopted, and the pair comprises 160g/m 2 Four lightning stroke damage samples of the multi-scale/multifunctional adhesive film protective composite material are subjected to reconstruction of an internal damage structure, and the reconstruction result is shown in fig. 11. As can be seen from the figure, 160g/m 2 Adhesive film protective composite material without heat insulation layer 160g/m 2 Adhesive film protective composite, 275g/m 2 The expanded copper mesh protection composite material has good lightning stroke protection effect, so that the lightning stroke damage depth of the composite material is obviously reduced. Wherein 160g/m 2 Lightning strike protection film and 275g/m 2 The expanded copper mesh realizes the protection of the outermost composite material, so that the damage is controlled in the lightning protection layer, and the damage depth is only 0.24mm and 0.25mm respectively; 160g/m without heat-insulating layer 2 The lightning stroke protection material for protecting the adhesive film has good lightning stroke protection effect, but the actual damage depth still reaches 0.52mm, and the three layers of composite materials are damaged. Wherein the thickness of the area ablated by the lightning stroke increases by about 0.33mm due to the expanded copper mesh being melted and turned up to deform at the high temperature of the direct plasma radiation, see fig. 11 (d), which is subtracted when calculating the depth of the damage by the lightning stroke.
Table 4160g/m 2 Multi-scale/multifunctional adhesive film protection composite material and quantitative analysis result of lightning stroke damage of contrast group thereof
The local thickening of sample 4 caused by the deformation of the expanded copper mesh was about 0.33mm, and the data in the table are the difference between the measured 0.58mm and the thickened portion.
160g/m is obtained from the reconstruction model of the lightning stroke damage area of the composite material 2 Multi-scale/multifunctional adhesive film protective composite material and 160g/m without heat insulation layer 2 Adhesive film protective composite, 275g/m 2 Lightning damage quantitative analysis junction for expanded copper mesh protection composite material and blank control groupThe results are shown in Table 4.
The damaged area of the sample after lightning strike is taken as the geometric center, and 160g/m is referred to HB 6739 standard 2 And testing the compression strength of the adhesive film protection composite material after lightning strokes of different control groups. The residual strength of each specimen after lightning strike is consistent with the damage state obtained from the reconstruction of the internal structure. 160g/m 2 Adhesive film protective composite and 275g/m 2 The residual strength of the expanded copper mesh protection composite material is equivalent, and the residual strength reaches 401MPa and 409MPa respectively, so that the protection effect is best; 160g/m without heat insulating layer 2 The residual strength of the adhesive film protective composite material is 381MPa; the minimum protection is not needed, and the minimum protection is 331MPa.
The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way. While the invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limiting. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent variation and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A self-expansion lightning strike protection composite material is characterized by comprising a carrier layer and a protective layer, wherein the carrier layer comprises conductive functional filler and a matrix, the content of the conductive functional filler is 0.1-45 wt%, and the areal density of the carrier layer is 10-150 g/m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The protective layer comprises an energy-absorbing material which can absorb heat and expand and has heat insulation effect after expansion, and the density of the protective layer surface is 5-100 g/m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The area density of the self-expansion lightning strike protection composite material is 15-250 g/m 2 。
2. The self-expanding lightning strike protection composite of claim 1, wherein the carrier layer is selected from a metal-plated non-woven fabric or textile.
3. The self-expanding lightning strike protection composite of claim 1, wherein the electrically conductive functional filler is at least one of graphene, carbon nanotubes, chopped fibers with a metal coating, and nano silver wires.
4. The self-expanding lightning strike protection composite of claim 1, wherein the matrix is at least one of polyester, epoxy, bismaleimide, benzoxazine, phenolic.
5. The preparation method of the self-expansion lightning stroke protection composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step S1, coating a metal material on the surface of expanded graphite to prepare surface-metallized expanded graphite; the content of the metal layer is 1-50wt% based on the total mass of the expanded graphite after surface metallization;
s2, preparing conductive dispersion liquid; the concentration of the conductive component is 0 to 20wt% based on the total mass of the dispersion;
s3, preparing a solution of matrix resin, wherein the concentration of the solution is 10-500 g/L;
s4, selecting fiber cloth as a carrier, wherein the fiber diameter is not smaller than 3 mu m;
step S5, compounding the conductive dispersion liquid in the step S2, the matrix resin solution in the step S3 and the fiber cloth carrier in the step S4, and drying to prepare a glue film; based on the total mass of the adhesive film, the content of the conductive functional filler is 0.1-45 wt%, and the surface density of the adhesive film is 10-150 g/m 2 ；
Step S6, coating the surface metallized expanded graphite in the step S1 on the adhesive film in the step S5; wherein the surface density of the metallized expanded graphite is 5-100 g/m 2 ；
S7, drying to obtain the lightning stroke protection function composite material with the surface density of 15-250 g/m 2 。
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| CN (1) | CN116278222A (en) |
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2023
- 2023-03-09 CN CN202310221294.XA patent/CN116278222A/en active Pending
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