CN116275085A - Nano silver and graphene composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 131
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002096 quantum dot Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- CQLFBEKRDQMJLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver acetate Chemical compound [Ag+].CC([O-])=O CQLFBEKRDQMJLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940071536 silver acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- YPNVIBVEFVRZPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L silver sulfate Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O YPNVIBVEFVRZPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000367 silver sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 abstract description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- -1 silver ions Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001237 Raman spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/182—Graphene
- C01B32/184—Preparation
- C01B32/19—Preparation by exfoliation
Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a nano silver and graphene composite material, which comprises the following steps: mixing quantum dots, carbon powder and silver salt, dispersing into a solvent, and stirring to obtain a mixed solution; transferring the mixed solution into a high-pressure reaction kettle, filling carbon dioxide to a certain pressure, stirring at a specific temperature for reacting for a period of time, releasing carbon dioxide, and taking out the mixed solution; and filtering, washing and drying the reacted mixed solution to finally obtain the nano silver/graphene composite material. In the method, the stripping of carbon powder and the reduction of silver ions are simultaneously realized under the environment of supercritical carbon dioxide, and the nano silver/graphene composite material is directly obtained in one step. The composite material has excellent conductivity, can be used as a conductive additive for preparing lithium batteries and sodium batteries or as a conductive material for being applied to the field of new energy, and has the advantages of low cost, environment friendliness, no pollution, simple preparation process and easy realization of industrialization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a composite material and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a nano silver and graphene composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Graphene is a two-dimensional carbon material in which carbon atoms are in sp 2 The hybridized modes are connected with each other and are closely arranged to finally form a single-layer two-dimensional honeycomb lattice structure. Graphene has excellent performances in many aspects, such as high hardness, high heat conductivity, high electron mobility and the like, and has important application prospects in various aspects such as material preparation, energy acquisition, biological medicine, flexibility and the like. However, graphene has the defects of poor dispersibility, complex preparation process and the like.
The nano silver has good conductivity, can well reduce the contact resistance between conductive materials, has good antibacterial property, but high cost limits the wide application of the nano silver. The nano silver and graphene composite material takes graphene as a main body, the raw material cost is low, the contact resistance between graphene sheets can be effectively reduced due to the existence of the nano silver, and meanwhile, the nano silver also endows the graphene with certain antibacterial performance, so that the composite material has good application prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a preparation method of a nano silver and graphene composite material.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: the preparation method of the nano silver and graphene composite material comprises the following steps: step one: mixing quantum dots, carbon powder and silver salt, dispersing into a solvent, and stirring to obtain a mixed solution; step two: transferring the mixed solution into a high-pressure reaction kettle, filling carbon dioxide into the high-pressure reaction kettle until the pressure in the high-pressure reaction kettle is 10-16MPa, stirring and reacting for a period of time at 40-80 ℃, releasing carbon dioxide, and taking out the mixed solution; step three: and filtering, washing and drying the reacted mixed solution to finally obtain the nano silver/graphene composite material.
Further, in the first step, the quantum dot is selected from one or more of carbon quantum dots and graphene quantum dots, and the concentration of the quantum dots in the solvent is 1-2g/L; the carbon powder is one or more of natural graphite powder, artificial graphite powder, expanded graphite powder and high-orientation pyrolytic graphite, and the concentration of the carbon powder in the solvent is 5-20g/L; the silver salt is selected from one or more of silver nitrate, silver acetate, silver sulfate and organic silver salt containing alkane long chains, wherein the carbon chain length of the organic silver salt is 8-16, and the concentration of the silver salt in a solvent is 1-5g/L; the solvent is one or more selected from deionized water, ethanol, propanol, acetone and ethylene glycol.
Further, in the first step, the stirring is performed in a magnetic stirring mode, the stirring speed is 500-1500rpm, and the stirring time is 10-60min.
Further, in the second step, the volume of the inner cavity of the high-pressure reaction kettle is 3-10 times of the volume of the added mixed solution; the certain pressure is 10-16MPa after carbon dioxide is filled in; the reaction temperature is 40-80 ℃; the stirring is a magnetic stirring mode, and the speed is 500-1500rpm; the reaction time is 3-12h; the time for releasing the carbon dioxide to normal pressure is 1-5min.
Further, in the third step, the filtration is suction filtration, and a 0.22 μm filtration membrane is used; the washing solvent used in the washing process is one or more selected from deionized water, ethanol, propanol, acetone and ethylene glycol, and the concentration of the nano silver/graphene composite material in the washing solvent is 1-5g/L; the filtering and washing operations are repeated for 3-5 times; the drying mode is vacuum drying, the temperature is 60-100 ℃, and the time is 8-12h.
The invention also provides the nano silver and graphene composite material prepared by the preparation method.
Compared with the preparation method in the prior art, the preparation method has the advantages that: first, the obtained graphene is original graphene, is not graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide, maintains the maximum conductivity of the graphene, greatly reduces the contact resistance of the graphene due to the existence of nano silver, and improves the conductivity of the composite material. And secondly, a green solvent can be adopted, no extra reducing agent is used, and the environment is friendly and pollution-free. Thirdly, the graphene raw material is carbon powder, and the silver content in the nano silver/graphene composite material is low, so that the cost is low, and the method has an industrial application prospect. Fourth, when stripping carbon powder, the nano silver is reduced to graphene in situ by quantum dots, the preparation process is simple, and the method is worth popularizing in industrial preparation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an optical picture of a nano silver/graphene composite material prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a transmission electron microscope image of the nano silver/graphene composite material prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a raman spectrum characterization diagram of the nano silver/graphene composite material prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a graph showing the resistivity of the nano silver/graphene composite material prepared in example 1 of the present invention compared with other materials.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The nano silver/graphene composite material prepared by the method has high conductivity, can be used as a conductive additive for preparing batteries such as lithium batteries and sodium batteries, and can also be used as a high conductive material for the field of new energy. The invention provides a preparation method of a nano silver/graphene composite material, which comprises the following steps:
s1: mixing quantum dots, carbon powder and silver salt, dispersing into a solvent, and stirring to obtain a mixed solution;
s2: transferring the mixed solution into a high-pressure reaction kettle, charging carbon dioxide to a certain pressure, stirring at a specific temperature for reaction, releasing carbon dioxide after a period of time, and taking out the mixed solution;
s3: filtering, washing and drying the reacted mixed solution to finally obtain the nano silver/graphene composite material;
further, the quantum dot described in the S1 is selected from one or more of carbon quantum dot and graphene quantum dot, the concentration of the quantum dot in a solvent is 1-2g/L, the concentration of carbon powder in the solvent is 5-20g/L, the concentration of the carbon powder in the solvent is one or more of natural graphite powder, artificial graphite powder, expanded graphite powder and high-orientation pyrolytic graphite, the concentration of silver salt in the solvent is one or more of silver nitrate, silver acetate, silver sulfate and organic silver salt containing alkane long chains, wherein the carbon chain length of the organic silver salt is 8-16, the concentration of the silver salt in the solvent is 1-5g/L, the solvent is one or more of deionized water, ethanol, propanol, acetone and ethylene glycol, the stirring mode is magnetic stirring, the stirring speed is 500-1500rpm, and the stirring time is 10-60min.
Further, the volume of the inner cavity of the high-pressure reaction kettle described in the step S2 is 3-10 times of the volume of the added mixed solution, the pressure in the high-pressure reaction kettle is 10-16MPa after carbon dioxide is filled, the reaction temperature is 40-80 ℃, the stirring mode is magnetic stirring, the speed is 500-1500rpm, the reaction time is 3-12h, and the time for releasing carbon dioxide to normal pressure is 1-5min.
Further, the filtration mode described in the step S3 is suction filtration, a 0.22 mu m filtration membrane is used, the washing solvent is selected from one or more of deionized water, ethanol, propanol, acetone and ethylene glycol, the concentration of the nano silver/graphene composite material in the washing solvent is 1-5g/L, the filtration and washing operations are repeatedly carried out for 3-5 times, the drying mode is vacuum drying, the temperature is 60-100 ℃, and the time is 8-12h.
The invention will now be described in further detail by taking a specific method for preparing a nano silver/graphene composite material as an example.
Example 1:
the preparation method of the nano silver/graphene composite material comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing a mixed solution of quantum dots, carbon powder and silver salt, dispersing 1g of carbon quantum dots, 10g of expanded graphite powder and 1g of silver nitrate into 1L of deionized water, and magnetically stirring at a stirring speed of 700rpm for 30min to obtain a mixed solution of the carbon quantum dots, the carbon powder and the silver salt;
s2: adding the obtained mixed solution into a high-pressure reaction kettle with the volume of 5L, continuously filling carbon dioxide into the high-pressure reaction kettle until the pressure in the high-pressure reaction kettle reaches 14MPa, placing the high-pressure reaction kettle into a 60 ℃ oven, magnetically stirring at 800rpm for 4 hours, then completely releasing the carbon dioxide in the high-pressure reaction kettle within 3 minutes, and taking out the reacted mixed solution;
s3: and (3) obtaining a nano silver/graphene composite material, filtering the mixed solution by a 0.22 mu m filter membrane to obtain the nano silver/graphene composite material, redispersing the nano silver/graphene composite material in 8L deionized water, and repeating the filtering and redissolving operations for 3 times. Finally, the obtained solid sample is placed in a vacuum oven for drying, the vacuum degree is-0.1 KPa, the temperature is 80 ℃, and the time is 8 hours, so that the nano silver/graphene composite material is obtained.
Example 2:
the preparation method of the nano silver/graphene composite material comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing a mixed solution of quantum dots, carbon powder and silver salt, dispersing 1.5g of carbon quantum dots, 12g of expanded graphite powder and 2g of silver nitrate into 1L of deionized water, and magnetically stirring at 800rpm for 40min to obtain a mixed solution of the carbon quantum dots, the carbon powder and the silver salt;
s2: adding the obtained mixed solution into a high-pressure reaction kettle with the volume of 5L, continuously filling carbon dioxide into the high-pressure reaction kettle until the pressure in the high-pressure reaction kettle reaches 16MPa, placing the high-pressure reaction kettle into a 50 ℃ oven, magnetically stirring at 900rpm for 3h, then completely releasing the carbon dioxide in the high-pressure reaction kettle within 2min, and taking out the reacted mixed solution;
s3: and (3) obtaining a nano silver/graphene composite material, filtering the mixed solution by a 0.22 mu m filter membrane to obtain the nano silver/graphene composite material, redispersing the nano silver/graphene composite material in 8L deionized water, and repeating the filtering and redissolving operations for 3 times. Finally, the obtained solid sample is placed in a vacuum oven for drying, the vacuum degree is-0.1 MPa, the temperature is 80 ℃ and the time is 10 hours during drying, and the nano silver/graphene composite material is obtained.
Example 3:
the preparation method of the nano silver/graphene composite material comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing a mixed solution of quantum dots, carbon powder and silver salt, dispersing 2g of carbon quantum dots, 11g of expanded graphite powder and 1.2g of silver nitrate into 1L of deionized water, and magnetically stirring at 900rpm for 20min to obtain a mixed solution of the carbon quantum dots, the carbon powder and the silver salt;
s2: adding the obtained mixed solution into a high-pressure reaction kettle with the volume of 5L, continuously filling carbon dioxide into the high-pressure reaction kettle until the pressure in the high-pressure reaction kettle reaches 12MPa, placing the high-pressure reaction kettle into a 60 ℃ oven, magnetically stirring at 900rpm for 6h, then completely releasing the carbon dioxide in the high-pressure reaction kettle within 4min, and taking out the reacted mixed solution;
s3: and (3) obtaining a nano silver/graphene composite material, filtering the mixed solution by a 0.22 mu m filter membrane to obtain the nano silver/graphene composite material, redispersing the nano silver/graphene composite material in 8L deionized water, and repeating the filtering and redissolving operations for 3 times. Finally, the obtained solid sample is placed in a vacuum oven for drying, the vacuum degree is-0.1 KPa, the temperature is 90 ℃, and the time is 9 hours, so that the nano silver/graphene composite material is obtained.
Example 4:
the preparation method of the nano silver/graphene composite material comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing a mixed solution of quantum dots, carbon powder and silver salt, dispersing 1.8g of carbon quantum dots, 12g of expanded graphite powder and 1.5g of silver nitrate into 1L of deionized water, and magnetically stirring at 500rpm for 50min to obtain a mixed solution of the carbon quantum dots, the carbon powder and the silver salt;
s2: adding the obtained mixed solution into a high-pressure reaction kettle with the volume of 5L, continuously filling carbon dioxide into the high-pressure reaction kettle until the pressure in the high-pressure reaction kettle reaches 18MPa, placing the high-pressure reaction kettle into a 60 ℃ oven, magnetically stirring at the stirring speed of 700rpm for 3h, then completely releasing the carbon dioxide in the high-pressure reaction kettle within 5min, and taking out the reacted mixed solution;
s3: and (3) obtaining a nano silver/graphene composite material, filtering the mixed solution by a 0.22 mu m filter membrane to obtain the nano silver/graphene composite material, redispersing the nano silver/graphene composite material in 8L deionized water, and repeating the filtering and redissolving operations for 3 times. Finally, the obtained solid sample is placed in a vacuum oven for drying, the vacuum degree is-0.1 KPa, the temperature is 60 ℃, and the time is 12 hours, so that the nano silver/graphene composite material is obtained.
According to the preparation method, in the supercritical carbon dioxide environment, the stripping of carbon powder and the reduction of silver ions are simultaneously realized, and the nano silver/graphene composite material is directly obtained in one step. The nano silver/graphene composite material prepared by the method has high conductivity, can be used as a conductive additive for preparing batteries such as lithium batteries and sodium batteries, and can also be used as a high conductive material for the field of new energy. The preparation method of the composite material is low in cost, green, pollution-free, simple in preparation process and easy to realize industrialization.
From fig. 1, it can be seen that the nano silver/graphene composite material is a black solid. From fig. 2, it can be seen that the graphene is in a nearly transparent state under the transmission electron microscope, which indicates that the preparation method of the invention can effectively peel off carbon powder to obtain few layers of graphene, and meanwhile, nano silver particles are uniformly distributed on the graphene sheets, so that the agglomeration phenomenon does not occur, the effect of nano silver is exerted to the greatest extent, and the contact resistance between the graphene sheets is greatly reduced. From fig. 3, it can be seen that the ratio of the D peak to the G peak of the graphene in the nano silver/graphene composite material of the present invention is 0.16 (which is far smaller than the ratio of the D peak to the G peak of the graphene oxide by 1.01), which is a very low level, which indicates that too many defects are not introduced into the graphene in the preparation process of the composite material of the present invention, i.e., the graphene obtained in the present invention is original graphene, not graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide, which maximally maintains the conductivity of the graphene. As can be seen from fig. 4, when the nano silver/graphene composite material is prepared into a conductive film, the conductive film of other materials in operation is expected to have lower resistivity, i.e. more excellent conductive performance under the same conditions.
Compared with the preparation method in the prior art, the preparation method has the advantages that: the graphene in the first obtained composite material is original graphene, is not graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide, maintains the maximum conductivity of the graphene, greatly reduces the contact resistance of the graphene due to the existence of uniformly distributed nano silver, and improves the conductivity of the composite material. And secondly, a green solvent can be adopted, no extra reducing agent is used, and the environment is friendly and pollution-free. Thirdly, the graphene raw material is carbon powder, and the silver content in the nano silver/graphene composite material is low, so that the cost is low, and the method has an industrial application prospect. Fourth, when stripping carbon powder, the nano silver is reduced to graphene in situ by quantum dots, the preparation process is simple, and the method is worth popularizing in industrial preparation.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The preparation method of the nano silver and graphene composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one: mixing quantum dots, carbon powder and silver salt, dispersing into a solvent, and stirring to obtain a mixed solution;
step two: transferring the mixed solution into a high-pressure reaction kettle, filling carbon dioxide into the high-pressure reaction kettle until the pressure in the high-pressure reaction kettle is 10-16MPa, stirring and reacting for a period of time at 40-80 ℃, releasing carbon dioxide, and taking out the mixed solution;
step three: and filtering, washing and drying the reacted mixed solution to finally obtain the nano silver and graphene composite material.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the quantum dot is one or more selected from the group consisting of carbon quantum dot and graphene quantum dot, and the concentration of the quantum dot in the solvent is 1-2g/L; the carbon powder is one or more of natural graphite powder, artificial graphite powder, expanded graphite powder and high-orientation pyrolytic graphite, and the concentration of the carbon powder in the solvent is 5-20g/L; the silver salt is selected from one or more of silver nitrate, silver acetate, silver sulfate and organic silver salt containing alkane long chains, wherein the carbon chain length of the organic silver salt is 8-16, and the concentration of the silver salt in a solvent is 1-5g/L; the solvent is one or more selected from deionized water, ethanol, propanol, acetone and ethylene glycol.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the stirring is magnetic stirring at 500-1500rpm for 10-60min.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the volume of the inner cavity of the autoclave is 3 to 10 times the volume of the added mixed solution; the stirring is magnetic stirring, and the speed is 500-1500rpm; the reaction time is 3-12h; the time for releasing the carbon dioxide to normal pressure is 1-5min.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, the filtration is suction filtration using a 0.22 μm filtration membrane; the washing solvent used in the washing process is one or more selected from deionized water, ethanol, propanol, acetone and ethylene glycol, and the concentration of the mixed solution in the washing solvent is 1-5g/L; the filtering and washing operations are repeated for 3-5 times; the drying is vacuum drying, the temperature is 60-100 ℃, and the time is 8-12h.
6. A nano silver and graphene composite material prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
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