CN116248171B - Internet of things-satellite communication system based on wide-narrow band beam switching - Google Patents

Internet of things-satellite communication system based on wide-narrow band beam switching Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116248171B
CN116248171B CN202310506788.2A CN202310506788A CN116248171B CN 116248171 B CN116248171 B CN 116248171B CN 202310506788 A CN202310506788 A CN 202310506788A CN 116248171 B CN116248171 B CN 116248171B
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internet
things
data packet
satellite
processor
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CN116248171A (en
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戚少博
侯海洋
朱亮
张世杰
高千峰
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Galaxyspace Beijing Communication Technology Co ltd
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Galaxyspace Beijing Communication Technology Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
    • H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
    • H04B7/18513—Transmission in a satellite or space-based system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0686—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0695—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission using beam selection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0868—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and combining
    • H04B7/088—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and combining using beam selection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/70—Services for machine-to-machine communication [M2M] or machine type communication [MTC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/04—Large scale networks; Deep hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/06—Airborne or Satellite Networks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Radio Relay Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The application discloses an Internet of things-satellite communication system based on broadband and narrowband beam switching, which comprises: the system comprises a plurality of Internet of things edge devices, a plurality of Internet of things terminals, satellites, gateway stations and cloud servers, wherein the plurality of Internet of things edge devices are in communication connection with the plurality of Internet of things terminals based on the Internet of things; the method comprises the steps that a satellite and a plurality of internet of things terminals are connected in a narrow-band communication mode, and interaction is conducted with the plurality of internet of things terminals based on narrow-band beams; the satellite establishes broadband communication connection with the gateway station and interacts with the gateway station based on broadband beams; and the gateway station is connected with the cloud server through the Internet. Therefore, the method and the device can establish communication with the edge equipment of the Internet of things in a large range, and further receive measurement parameters related to the target object; and the technical effect of transmitting the measurement parameters related to the target object and transmitted by the massive Internet of things edge equipment to the cloud server can be achieved.

Description

Internet of things-satellite communication system based on wide-narrow band beam switching
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of satellite communication, in particular to an Internet of things-satellite communication system based on broadband and narrowband beam switching.
Background
At present, the internet of things system is widely applied, and can communicate with the internet of things edge equipment and the gateway station through satellites, so that the communication between the internet of things edge equipment and the cloud server is realized by means of satellite communication.
With the continuous development of science and technology, satellites are required to cover the internet of things edge devices in a larger area as much as possible. So that the satellite can help more Internet of things edge devices to establish communication with the cloud server.
However, the internet of things communication has the characteristic that although the data volume transmitted by each internet of things edge device is small, the data volume after the data information transmitted by the mass internet of things edge devices to the cloud server is summarized together is very large due to the characteristic of internet of things interconnection.
However, a problem is brought about therewith. That is, if the satellite uses broadband communication to transmit data to the cloud server, because the area of the coverage area of the broadband beam is smaller, communication with the internet of things edge device in a larger range cannot be achieved. If the satellite adopts narrow-band communication to establish communication with the Internet of things in a larger range, data transmitted by the mass Internet of things edge equipment cannot be smoothly transmitted to the cloud server.
The publication number is CN115842580A, and the name is a construction method of the world integrated Internet of things based on a low-orbit satellite. The system comprises: the sensor terminal is arranged on the ground, is in communication connection with the data processing center through a ground network and is used for collecting and transmitting data; the low-orbit satellites are respectively in communication connection with the sensor terminal, the communication satellite and the ground station, and are in communication connection with each other, and the low-orbit satellites are used for receiving and forwarding data; the communication satellite is positioned in a middle orbit or a high orbit, is in communication connection with the ground station and is used for receiving and forwarding data; the ground station is in communication connection with the data processing center through a ground network and is used for receiving and forwarding data; and the data processing center is used for receiving and processing the data sent by the sensor terminal and/or the ground station.
The publication number is CN115664492A, and the name is a communication terminal system for the vehicle-mounted satellite Internet of things. Comprising the following steps: the special satellite communication network is used as a relay channel for forwarding image data information between the special vehicle-mounted satellite internet of things communication terminal system and the background satellite system management and control module; the special vehicle-mounted satellite internet of things communication terminal system is used for acquiring and processing the image data information of the front end of the internet of things (IoT); the background satellite system management and control module is used for receiving the picture data, decoding the picture data and determining whether the picture data is forwarded to other vehicle-mounted Internet of things terminals according to the requirement.
Aiming at the situation that in the prior art, if the satellite adopts broadband communication to transmit data for a cloud server, communication with the Internet of things edge equipment in a larger range cannot be realized because the area of a broadband beam coverage area is smaller; if the satellite adopts narrow-band communication to establish communication with the internet of things edge equipment in a larger range, the data transmitted by the mass internet of things edge equipment cannot be smoothly transmitted to the cloud server, and an effective solution is not proposed at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The present disclosure provides an internet of things-satellite communication system based on broadband and narrowband beam switching, so as to at least solve the problem in the prior art that if a satellite adopts broadband communication to transmit data to a cloud server, because the area of the broadband beam coverage area is smaller, communication with an internet of things edge device cannot be established in a larger range; if the satellite adopts narrow-band communication to establish communication with the Internet of things in a larger range, the data transmitted by the mass Internet of things edge equipment cannot be smoothly transmitted to the cloud server.
According to one aspect of the present application, there is provided an internet of things-satellite communication system based on broadband and narrowband beam switching, comprising: the system comprises a plurality of Internet of things edge devices, a plurality of Internet of things terminals, satellites, gateway stations and cloud servers, wherein the plurality of Internet of things edge devices are in communication connection with the plurality of Internet of things terminals based on the Internet of things; the method comprises the steps that a satellite and a plurality of internet of things terminals are connected in a narrow-band communication mode, and interact with the plurality of internet of things terminals based on narrow-band communication links; the satellite establishes broadband communication connection with the gateway station and interacts with the gateway station based on the broadband communication link; and the gateway station is connected with the cloud server through the Internet.
The technical scheme of the application provides an Internet of things-satellite communication system based on broadband and narrowband beam switching. The system comprises a plurality of Internet of things edge devices, a plurality of Internet of things terminals, satellites, gateway stations and cloud servers. The satellite can communicate with the edge equipment of the Internet of things in a larger range through the narrow-band beam, so that more data transmitted by the edge equipment of the Internet of things are received; the satellite may communicate with the gateway station via a broadband beam and the gateway station communicates with the cloud server via the internet. Therefore, the satellite can transmit more data transmitted by the internet of things edge equipment to the cloud server through the internet through the broadband beam. Thus, according to the technical scheme of the application, the satellite can simultaneously establish broadband communication connection with the ground equipment through the broadband beam and narrowband communication connection with the ground equipment through the narrowband beam. And because the coverage range of the narrow-band wave beam is wider than that of the wide-band wave beam, communication can be established between more Internet of things edge devices and the cloud server.
Therefore, the product structure can establish communication with the edge equipment of the Internet of things in a large range, and further receive the measurement parameters related to the target object; and the technical effect of transmitting the measurement parameters related to the target object and transmitted by the massive Internet of things edge equipment to the cloud server can be achieved. Further, the problem in the prior art that if the satellite adopts broadband communication to transmit data to the cloud server, communication with the Internet of things edge equipment in a larger range cannot be realized due to the smaller area of the broadband beam coverage area is solved; if the satellite adopts narrow-band communication to establish communication with the internet of things edge equipment in a larger range, the data transmitted by the mass internet of things edge equipment cannot be smoothly transmitted to the cloud server.
The above, as well as additional objectives, advantages, and features of the present application will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of a specific embodiment of the present application when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
Some specific embodiments of the application will be described in detail hereinafter by way of example and not by way of limitation with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts or portions. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. In the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a broadband-and-narrowband-beam-based handoff Internet of things-satellite communication system according to an embodiment of the application;
fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram of an internet of things-satellite communication system based on broadband and narrowband beam switching according to an embodiment of the application;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a communication transmission link according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a modular schematic diagram of a terminal processing device according to an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the modularization of the edge device of the Internet of things according to the embodiment of the application;
FIG. 6 is a modular schematic of a satellite according to an embodiment of the application; and
fig. 7 is a modular schematic diagram of a gateway station according to an embodiment of the application.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present disclosure and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other. The present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the present disclosure, a technical solution in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in which it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present disclosure, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort, based on the embodiments in this disclosure, shall fall within the scope of the present disclosure.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present disclosure and in the foregoing figures are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the disclosure described herein are, for example, capable of operation in connection with other embodiments. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular is also intended to include the plural unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it is to be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" when used in this specification are taken to specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an internet of things-satellite communication system based on broadband and narrowband beam switching according to an embodiment of the application. Referring to fig. 1, an internet of things-satellite communication system based on broadband and narrowband beam switching includes: the system comprises a plurality of internet of things edge devices 100, a plurality of internet of things terminals 200, satellites 300, gateway stations 400 and cloud servers 500, wherein the plurality of internet of things edge devices 100 are in communication connection with the plurality of internet of things terminals 200 based on the internet of things; the satellite 300 establishes narrowband communication connection with the plurality of internet of things terminals 200 and interacts with the plurality of internet of things terminals 200 based on narrowband beams; the satellite 300 establishes a broadband communication connection with the gateway station 400 and interacts with the gateway station 400 based on a broadband beam; and the gateway station 400 is connected with the cloud server 500 through the internet.
As described in the background art, the internet of things communication has a characteristic that, although the data volume transmitted by each internet of things edge device is small, the data volume after the data information transmitted by the mass internet of things edge devices to the cloud server is summarized together is very large due to the characteristic of the internet of things interconnection. However, a problem is brought about therewith. That is, if the satellite uses broadband communication to transmit data to the cloud server, because the area of the coverage area of the broadband beam is smaller, communication with the internet of things edge device in a larger range cannot be achieved. If the satellite adopts narrow-band communication to establish communication with the Internet of things in a larger range, data transmitted by the mass Internet of things edge equipment cannot be smoothly transmitted to the cloud server.
In view of the above, the present application provides an internet of things-satellite communication system based on broadband and narrowband beam switching. The system comprises a plurality of internet of things edge devices 100, a plurality of internet of things terminals 200, satellites 300, gateway stations 400 and cloud servers 500. The plurality of internet of things terminal devices 100 are respectively in communication connection with the plurality of internet of things terminals 200 based on the internet of things, so that the plurality of internet of things edge devices 100 receive measurement parameters corresponding to the target objects and send control instructions to the internet of things terminals 200. The target object may be, for example, an environment, an electrical device, a mechanical device, etc., which will not be described herein.
And wherein the satellite 300 is capable of communicating with surface devices via a broadband beam and a narrowband beam. Referring to fig. 1, the coverage area of the narrowband beam of satellite 300 is a first area 601 and the coverage area of the wideband beam is a second area 602. Wherein the area of the first region 601 is much larger than the area of the second region 602. Thus, the satellite 300 can not only communicate with a plurality of internet of things edge devices 100 in a larger coverage area through the narrowband beam, but also receive more data transmitted by the internet of things edge devices 100.
Accordingly, the satellite 300 may communicate with the gateway station 400 through a broadband beam, and further the gateway station 400 communicates with the cloud server 500 through the internet. Therefore, the satellite 300 can transmit more data transmitted by the internet of things edge device 100 to the cloud server 500 through the internet through the broadband beam.
Therefore, the product structure can be used for establishing communication with the edge equipment 100 of the Internet of things in a large range, and further receiving measurement parameters related to a target object; and the technical effect of transmitting the measurement parameters related to the target object transmitted by the mass internet of things edge device 100 to the cloud server 500. Further, the problem in the prior art is solved that if the satellite 300 adopts broadband communication to transmit data to the cloud server 500, communication with the internet of things edge device 100 in a larger range cannot be realized due to the smaller area of the broadband beam coverage area; if the satellite 300 adopts the narrowband communication to establish communication with the internet of things edge device 100 in a larger range, the data transmitted by the mass internet of things edge device 100 cannot be smoothly transmitted to the cloud server 500.
Alternatively, the narrowband beam of the satellite 300 may be, for example, a beam in the UHF band, and the wideband beam of the satellite 300 may be, for example, a beam in the Ka band.
Optionally, the internet of things terminal 200 includes: a sensor 210 and a terminal processing device 220, wherein the sensor 210 is connected to the terminal processing device 220 and configured to measure a parameter of a target object; and the terminal processing device 220 is configured to collect and detect measurement parameters related to the target object.
Specifically, fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram of an internet of things-satellite communication system based on broadband and narrowband beam switching according to an embodiment of the present application. Referring to fig. 2, a plurality of internet of things terminals 200 each include a plurality of sensors 210 and a terminal processing device 220. The plurality of sensors 210 may be, for example, sensors for monitoring the target object, in particular measuring a parameter of the target object. The sensor 210 may be, for example, a voltage sensor, a current sensor, a temperature sensor, or the like. The terminal processing device 220 is respectively connected to the plurality of sensors 210, and is configured to collect measurement parameters corresponding to the target object, and send the received measurement parameters to the corresponding internet of things edge device 100 based on the internet of things.
Therefore, the product structure achieves the technical effect that parameters of a plurality of target objects can be measured, and the plurality of target objects can be monitored.
Optionally, the method comprises: the terminal processing device 220 collects parameter information of the sensor 210 and transmits the measured parameters to the internet of things edge device 100; and the internet of things edge device 100 receives the measurement parameters corresponding to the target object and transmits information confirming receipt of the measurement parameters to the terminal processing device 220.
Specifically, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a communication transmission link according to an embodiment of the present application. Referring to fig. 3, the terminal processing device 220 serves as a terminal node of the internet of things, collects measurement parameters of the plurality of sensors 210 corresponding thereto, and transmits the measurement parameters to the internet of things edge device 100 according to the lorewan protocol. And according to the lorewan standard, after sending out the measurement parameters, the terminal processing device 220 receives acknowledgement messages of NS (network server) about the measurement parameters, that is, ACK messages in fig. 3, in the first receiving window after 1s and the second receiving window after 2 s. Therefore, the internet of things edge device 100 can be guaranteed to receive the measurement parameters corresponding to the target object.
In addition, for the internet of things edge device 100, the internet of things edge device 100 may be used as an internet gateway with a built-in NS, and may receive, based on the lorewan protocol, a measurement parameter corresponding to the target object sent by the terminal processing device 220, generate, based on the lorewan protocol, an ACK message corresponding to the measurement parameter after receiving the measurement parameter, and send the ACK message to the terminal processing device 220. On the other hand, as a ground terminal device that communicates with the satellite 300, the measurement parameters are transmitted to the satellite 300 via a narrowband communication link (e.g., UHF band) based on the MQTT protocol.
Further, the satellite 300, after receiving the measurement parameters transmitted by the terminal processing device 220 of each of the internet of things terminals 200 through the narrowband communication link, transmits the received measurement parameters to the gateway station 400 through, for example, a broadband communication link (e.g., ka band). Wherein the measurement parameters may be transmitted using the DVB-S2 standard, for example. The gateway station 400 then transmits the measurement parameters to the cloud server 500 via the internet based on the MQTT protocol after receiving the measurement parameters. Thereby completing the transmission of the measurement parameters corresponding to the target object in the above manner.
Optionally, the terminal processing device 220 includes: the system comprises an I/O interface 221, a terminal processor 222 and a first transceiver 223, wherein an application layer program of the terminal processor 222 receives measurement parameters corresponding to a target object measured by the sensor 210 through the I/O interface 221 and transmits the measurement parameters to a MAC layer program of the terminal processor 222; the MAC layer program of the terminal processor 222 generates a first data packet according to the measurement parameter, and transmits the first data packet to the first transceiver 223 through the interface program; the first transceiver 223 executes the physical layer program and generates a second data packet according to the first data packet; and the first transceiver 223 transmits the second data packet to the internet of things edge device 100.
Specifically, fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a terminal processing device 220 according to an embodiment of the present application. Referring to fig. 4, the terminal processing device 220 includes an I/O interface 221, a terminal processor 222, and a first transceiver 223. The plurality of sensors 210 in the internet of things terminal 200 are respectively connected with the I/O interface 221 of the terminal processing device 220, and receive measurement parameters corresponding to the target object through the I/O interface 221.
First, the application layer program of the terminal processor 222 receives measurement parameters corresponding to the target object collected by the sensor 210 through the I/O interface 221, and transmits the measurement parameters to the MAC layer program of the terminal processor 222.
Then, the MAC layer program of the terminal processor 222 generates a lorewan packet (i.e., a first packet) according to the measurement parameters collected by the application layer program, and transmits the lorewan packet to the first transceiver 223. Specifically, first, the MAC layer program of the terminal processor 222 first generates the frame header of the data frame in the format of table 1 below:
TABLE 1
Wherein the MAC layer program writes the address of the terminal processing device 220 as a terminal device address field in the frame header.
Then, the MAC layer program of the terminal processing device 220 generates a MAC payload in the format of table 2 as follows:
TABLE 2
Wherein the MAC layer program writes the measurement parameters into the frame payload.
The MAC layer program then generates a corresponding physical payload from the MAC payload in the format of table 3 below:
TABLE 3 Table 3
Finally, the MAC layer program generates a lorewan packet (i.e., a first packet) according to the physical payload in the format of table 4 below.
TABLE 4 Table 4
Further, the terminal processor 222 transmits the LoraWan packet to the first transceiver 223 through the interface program, and the first transceiver 223 performs the physical layer program to generate the LoRa modulated packet (i.e., the second packet). The LoRa modulated data packet is shown in table 5 below:
TABLE 5
The first transceiver 223 then transmits the LoRa modulated data packet (i.e., the second data packet) containing the measured parameters to the internet of things edge device 100.
Therefore, through the product structure, the technical effect that the terminal processing device 220 can be guaranteed to normally send the measurement parameters corresponding to the target objects to the internet of things edge device 100, and the cloud server 500 can be guaranteed to receive the measurement parameters is achieved.
Optionally, the internet of things edge device 100 includes: the system comprises an internet of things gateway module 110 and a satellite communication module 120, wherein the internet of things gateway module 110 performs the operations of the internet of things gateway and the NS and transmits the measurement parameters to the satellite communication module 120; and the satellite communication module 120 transmits the measured parameters to the satellite 300 through a narrowband beam.
Specifically, fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of modularization of the internet of things edge device 100 according to an embodiment of the present application. Referring to fig. 5, the internet of things edge device 100 includes an internet of things gateway module 110 and a satellite communication module 120. The internet of things edge device 100 performs operations of the internet of things gateway and NS based on the LoraWAN standard, and transmits measurement parameters to the satellite communication module 120. The satellite communication module 120 then transmits the measured parameters to the satellite 300 via a narrowband beam.
Therefore, the technical effect that the satellite 300 can normally receive the measurement parameters corresponding to the target object is achieved by the product structure.
Optionally, the gateway module 110 of the internet of things includes: a second transceiver 111, a gateway processor 112, and a first communication interface 113, wherein the second transceiver 111 receives a second data packet transmitted by the terminal processing device 220 and extracts a third data packet from the second data packet; the gateway processor 112 receives the third data packet transmitted by the second transceiver 111 and transmits the third data packet to the MAC layer program; the MAC layer program of the gateway processor 112 extracts the MAC payload from the third data packet and transmits the MAC payload to the satellite communication module 120 through the first communication interface 113, wherein the MAC payload includes the measurement parameters.
Specifically, referring to fig. 5, the internet of things gateway module 110 includes a second transceiver 111, a gateway processor 12, and a first communication interface 113. Wherein the second transceiver 111 receives the LoRa modulated data packet (i.e., the second data packet) from the terminal processing device 220 and extracts the LoraWAN data packet (i.e., the first data packet).
The gateway processor 112 then receives the LoraWAN packet through an interface program that interacts with the second transceiver 111 and transmits the LoraWAN packet to the MAC layer program.
Further, the MAC layer program of the gateway processor 112 further extracts a corresponding MAC payload from the received LoraWAN packet, and transmits the MAC payload containing the measurement parameter corresponding to the target object to the satellite communication module 120 through the first communication interface 113 by the interface program interacting with the first communication interface 113.
Therefore, the technical effect that the first data packet containing the measurement parameters can be converted into the MAC load through the product structure, and the necessary basis is provided for generating the third data packet is achieved.
Optionally, the satellite communication module 120 includes: a satellite communication processor 121, a first UHF band modem 122, and a second communication interface 123, wherein the second communication interface 123 receives the MAC payload from the first communication interface 113 and transmits the MAC payload to the satellite communication processor 121; the satellite communication processor 121 converts the MAC payload into an MQTT message based on the application layer and splits the MQTT message into fourth packets based on the transport layer by a processing layer program; and the first UHF band modulator 122 receives the third data packet and transmits the third data packet to the satellite 300.
Specifically, referring to fig. 5, the satellite communication module 120 includes a satellite communication processor 121, a first UHF band modem 122, and a second communication interface 123.
Wherein the second communication interface 123 receives the MAC payload containing the measurement parameters from the first communication interface 113 and transmits the received MAC payload to the satellite communication processor 121. The satellite communication processor 121 receives the MAC payload transmitted by the internet of things gateway module 110 through an interface program interacting with the second communication interface 123. After receiving the MAC payload, the satellite communication processor 121 converts the MAC payload into an MQTT message according to the MQTT protocol of the application layer and further splits the MQTT message into IP packets (i.e., third packets) according to the TCP/IP protocol of the transport layer by means of the MQTT frame-processing layer program. And transmits the split IP packet to the first UHF band modulation modulator 122 through an interface program. Thus, the first UHF band modulation modulator 122 modulates the IP data packet and then transmits the IP data packet to the communication satellite 300 using the narrowband communication link. Table 6 shows the structure of the MOTT message.
Referring to the following Table 6, the MQTT message includes: fixed header, variable header and load.
TABLE 6
In addition, table 7 shows the structure of the fixed header:
TABLE 7
The information of the fixed header can be set according to the actual situation. Alternatively, in this embodiment, the message type may be "0011" or "publish".
In addition, the following table 8 also shows the structure of the variable header:
TABLE 8
The variable header may also be set according to actual situations, which is not described herein. The MQTT frame processing layer of the satellite communication processor 121 may thus encapsulate the MAC payload containing the measurement parameters into the payload of the MQTT message, and set the corresponding fixed header and variable header according to the actual situation, so as to generate the MQTT message corresponding to the MAC payload.
Then, the MQTT frame processing layer further splits the encapsulated MQTT message into different IP packets according to the TCP/IP protocol, and then transmits the packets to the first UHF band modem 122 through the interface of the satellite communication processor 121. The IP packets are transmitted to satellite 300 over a narrowband communication connection.
Therefore, according to the product structure, the technical effect that the third data packet suitable for the format of the satellite 300 can be generated and the normal operation of the satellite 300 is ensured is achieved.
Optionally, the satellite 300 includes: the second UHF band modem 310, the format conversion processor 320 and the first Ka band modem 330, wherein the second UHF band modem 310 receives a first signal corresponding to a third data packet sent by the internet of things edge device 100 through a narrowband beam, demodulates the first signal, and obtains the third data packet; the MPE encapsulation layer of the format conversion processor 320 encapsulates the third data packet into a fourth data packet and transmits the fourth data packet to the first Ka band modem 330; and the first Ka band modem 330 generates a second signal corresponding to the fourth data packet and transmits the second signal to the gateway station 400.
In particular, fig. 6 is a modular schematic of a satellite 300 according to the present application. Referring to fig. 6, the satellite 300 includes a second UHF band modem 310, a format conversion processor 320, and a first Ka band modem 330.
Wherein the second UHF band modem 310 demodulates the first signal corresponding to the IP data packet (i.e., the third data packet) after receiving the first signal from the internet-side device 100 through the narrowband communication link, and obtains the IP data packet. The second UHF band modem 310 then transmits the resulting IP data packet to the interface of the format conversion processor 320.
Further, the MPE encapsulation layer program of the format conversion processor 320 encapsulates the received IP data packet into an MPEG-TS encapsulation packet (i.e., a fourth data packet) and generates data conforming to the DVB-S2 format.
The format conversion processor 320 then transmits the MPEG-TS encapsulation packet conforming to the DVB-S2 format to the first Ka band modem 330 through the interface. The measured parameters are thus transmitted to the gateway station 400 via the broadband communication link.
Thus, the technical effect of converting the measured parameters into a data format supporting broadband communication and transmitting the measured parameters to the gateway station 400 through the broadband communication link is achieved through the above-described product structure.
Optionally, the gateway station 400 includes: a second Ka band modem 410, an IP data extraction processor 420, and a network communication module 430, wherein the second Ka band modem 410 receives a second signal transmitted by the satellite 300 through a broadband beam, demodulates the second signal, and obtains a fourth data packet; the IP packet extraction program layer of the IP data extraction processor 420 extracts a third packet from the fourth packet and transmits the third packet to the network communication module 430; and the network communication module 430 transmits the third data packet to the cloud server 500 through the internet.
Specifically, fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a gateway 400 according to an embodiment of the present application. As described with reference to fig. 7, the gateway station 400 includes a second Ka band modem 410, an IP data extraction processor 420, and a network communication module 430.
First, the second Ka band modem 410 receives signals transmitted from the satellite 300 through the broadband communication link, demodulates the signals to obtain MPEG-TS packets containing measurement parameters, and transmits the packets to the IP data extraction processor 420.
Then, the IP data extraction processor 420 extracts an IP data packet from the MPEG-TS encapsulation packet through the IP data packet extraction program layer, and transmits the extracted IP data packet to the network communication module 430. Thus, the network communication module 430 transmits the IP data packet to the cloud server 500 via the internet based on the TCP/IP protocol. Thus, the communication of the MQTT protocol is realized.
The relative arrangement of the components and steps, numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present disclosure unless it is specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective parts shown in the drawings are not drawn in actual scale for convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but should be considered part of the specification where appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values should be construed as merely illustrative, and not a limitation. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further discussion thereof is necessary in subsequent figures.
Spatially relative terms, such as "above … …," "above … …," "upper surface at … …," "above," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one device or feature's spatial location relative to another device or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as "above" or "over" other devices or structures would then be oriented "below" or "beneath" the other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above … …" may include both orientations of "above … …" and "below … …". The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
In the description of the present disclosure, it should be understood that the azimuth or positional relationships indicated by the azimuth terms such as "front, rear, upper, lower, left, right", "lateral, vertical, horizontal", and "top, bottom", etc., are generally based on the azimuth or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present disclosure and to simplify the description, and these azimuth terms do not indicate and imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific azimuth or be configured and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present disclosure; the orientation word "inner and outer" refers to inner and outer relative to the contour of the respective component itself.
The present application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present application are intended to be included in the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (10)

1. An internet of things-satellite communication system based on broadband and narrowband beam switching, comprising: a plurality of internet of things edge devices (100), a plurality of internet of things terminals (200), satellites (300), gateway stations (400), and cloud servers (500), wherein
The plurality of internet of things edge devices (100) are in communication connection with the plurality of internet of things terminals (200) based on the internet of things;
the satellite (300) establishes narrowband communication connection with the plurality of internet of things terminals (200) and interacts with the plurality of internet of things terminals (200) based on narrowband beams;
-the satellite (300) establishes a broadband communication connection with the gateway station (400) and interacts with the gateway station (400) based on a broadband beam; and
the gateway station (400) is connected with the cloud server (500) through the Internet.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the narrowband beam is a UHF band beam and the wideband beam is a Ka band beam.
3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the internet of things terminal (200) comprises: a plurality of sensors (210) and a terminal processing device (220), wherein
The plurality of sensors (210) are connected to the terminal processing device (220) and configured to measure a parameter of a target object; and
the terminal processing device (220) is configured for collecting measurement parameters related to the target object.
4. A system according to claim 3, comprising:
the terminal processing equipment (220) collects parameter information of the sensor (210) and sends the measured parameters to the internet of things edge equipment (100); and
the internet of things edge device (100) receives the measurement parameters corresponding to the target object and sends information confirming that the measurement parameters are received to the terminal processing device (220).
5. A system according to claim 3, characterized in that the terminal processing device (220) comprises: an I/O interface (221), a terminal processor (222), and a first transceiver (223), wherein
The application layer program of the terminal processor (222) receives measurement parameters corresponding to the target object measured by the sensor (210) through the I/O interface (221), and transmits the measurement parameters to the MAC layer program of the terminal processor (222);
the MAC layer program of the terminal processor (222) generates a first data packet according to the measurement parameters and sends the first data packet to the first transceiver (223) through an interface program;
the first transceiver (223) executes a physical layer program and generates a second data packet from the first data packet; and
the first transceiver (223) sends the second data packet to the internet of things edge device (100).
6. The system of claim 5, wherein the internet of things edge device (100) comprises: an internet of things gateway module (110) and a satellite communication module (120), wherein
The internet of things gateway module (110) performs the operations of the internet of things gateway and the NS and transmits the measurement parameters to the satellite communication module (120); and
the satellite communication module (120) transmits the measured parameters to the satellite (300) over the narrowband beam.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the internet of things gateway module (110) comprises: a second transceiver (111), a gateway processor (112) and a first communication interface (113), wherein
-said second transceiver (111) receiving said second data packet transmitted by said terminal processing device (220) and extracting said first data packet from said second data Bao Zhong;
the gateway processor (112) receives a first data packet transmitted by the second transceiver (111) and transmits the first data packet to a MAC layer program;
the MAC layer program of the gateway processor (112) extracts a MAC payload from the first data packet and transmits the MAC payload to the satellite communication module (120) through the first communication interface (113), wherein the MAC payload includes the measurement parameter.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein the satellite communication module (120) comprises: a satellite communication processor (121), a first UHF band modem (122) and a second communication interface (123), wherein
-the second communication interface (123) receives the MAC payload from the first communication interface (113) and transmits the MAC payload to the satellite communication processor (121);
the satellite communication processor (121) converts the MAC load into an MQTT message based on an application layer through a processing layer program and splits the MQTT message into a third data packet based on a transmission layer; and
the first UHF band modem (122) receives the third data packet and transmits the third data packet to the satellite (300).
9. The system of claim 8, wherein the satellite (300) comprises: a second UHF band modem (310), a format conversion processor (320), and a first Ka band modem (330), wherein
The second UHF band modem (310) receives a first signal corresponding to the third data packet sent by the Internet of things edge device (100) through the narrowband wave beam, demodulates the first signal, and obtains the third data packet;
an MPE encapsulation layer of the format conversion processor (320) encapsulates the third data packet into a fourth data packet and transmits the fourth data packet to the first Ka band modem (330); and
the first Ka-band modem (330) generates a second signal corresponding to the fourth data packet and transmits the second signal to the gateway station (400).
10. The system of claim 9, wherein the gateway station (400) comprises: a second Ka-band modem (410), an IP data extraction processor (420), and a network communication module (430), wherein
-said second Ka band modem (410) receiving said second signal transmitted by said satellite (300) via said broadband beam, demodulating said second signal and obtaining said fourth data packet;
an IP packet extraction program layer of the IP data extraction processor (420) extracts the third data packet from the fourth data packet and transmits the third data packet to the network communication module (430); and
the network communication module (430) transmits the third data packet to the cloud server (500) through the internet.
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