CN116240929A - Scour-resistant energy dissipation and ecological protection structure for offshore wind turbine single pile foundation - Google Patents
Scour-resistant energy dissipation and ecological protection structure for offshore wind turbine single pile foundation Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
- E02D27/10—Deep foundations
- E02D27/12—Pile foundations
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
- E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
- E02D27/42—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys
- E02D27/425—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys specially adapted for wind motors masts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
- E02D31/06—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution against corrosion by soil or water
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of offshore wind power engineering, and discloses an offshore wind turbine single pile foundation anti-scour energy dissipation and ecological protection structure, which comprises the following components: the surge energy dissipation ring is internally filled with water absorption sponge and filled with air; the energy dissipation device is arranged at the bottom end inside the surge energy dissipation ring; the upper end of the multilayer energy dissipation protection net is fixedly connected with the surge energy dissipation ring, and the multilayer energy dissipation protection net is annularly distributed along the periphery of the bottom surface of the surge energy dissipation ring at a distance of a set proportion of the perimeter; the top surface of the scour prevention base is fixedly connected with the lower end of the multi-layer energy dissipation protection net, and the bottom surface of the scour prevention base is fixed on the bottom of the seabed. The invention can furthest resist the long-term wave load and the seabed undercurrent scouring and impact action suffered by the offshore wind turbine single pile, has simple structure, convenient installation, no damage to the wind turbine pile foundation and low maintenance cost, further organically combines the marine ecological resource with the engineering protection structure, improves the utilization rate of the marine clean energy, and realizes the unification of the engineering protection structure and ecology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of offshore wind power engineering, in particular to an offshore wind turbine single pile foundation anti-scour energy dissipation and ecological protection structure.
Background
With the rapid development of the offshore wind power generation industry in China, the problem of flushing the fan foundation is increasingly serious. The main reason that the offshore wind turbine foundation is flushed is that the offshore wind turbine foundation is flushed for a long time by ocean currents, and the surrounding of the foundation generates a detour, so that a large amount of soil on the surface of the seabed near the foundation is lost, and the foundation structure is exposed. This results in a reduction of the carrying capacity of the foundation and its stability. On the other hand, related researches show that the natural frequency and the soil mass property around the pile of the offshore wind turbine can be further and obviously changed under the action of circulating horizontal loads such as wind load, wave load and the like for a long time. At present, the scour prevention of the offshore wind turbine in China mainly uses the polishing of stones, sand bags and the like. However, the parabolic stone tends to move inevitably due to the hydraulic action, and regular observation and maintenance are required. The sand bag is often damaged due to environmental effects or in the construction process, and the working performance of the sand bag is affected. Meanwhile, the ocean resources are rich, the ocean resources are required to be protected to the greatest extent, and related activities of human beings are reduced.
Therefore, the anti-scouring structure of the single pile foundation of the offshore wind turbine with good anti-scouring effect and multiple unloading energy dissipation effects is installed, wave load is reduced, and the influence of the hidden current on the offshore wind turbine is particularly important.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a single pile foundation scour prevention, energy dissipation and ecological protection structure for an offshore wind turbine, which solves the problems in the prior art, can reduce the flow speed of ocean currents, reduce the scour of the offshore wind turbine foundation, and effectively lighten the impact of wave currents on an underwater structure.
The invention provides an offshore wind turbine single pile foundation scour prevention energy dissipation and ecological protection structure, which comprises the following components:
the water-absorbing sponge is filled into the surge energy dissipation ring and filled with air;
the energy dissipation device is arranged at the bottom end inside the surge energy dissipation ring;
the upper end of the multilayer energy dissipation protection net is fixedly connected with the surging energy dissipation ring, and the multilayer energy dissipation protection net is annularly distributed along the periphery of the bottom surface of the surging energy dissipation ring at a distance of a set proportion of the perimeter;
the top surface of the anti-scour base is fixedly connected with the lower end of the multi-layer energy dissipation protection net, and the bottom surface of the anti-scour base is fixed at the bottom of the seabed.
Further, the surging energy dissipation ring is a 1/4 ring with the outer circumferential area, the material of the surging energy dissipation ring is elastic silica gel with a set thickness, the surging energy dissipation ring is composed of a plurality of arc-shaped rings, and every two arc-shaped rings are fixedly connected by a buckle.
Further, the number of the energy dissipation devices is multiple, and the distance and the number of the energy dissipation devices are determined according to the magnitude of energy dissipation unloading;
the energy dissipation device is characterized in that a spring is arranged inside the energy dissipation device, a one-way valve is arranged on the upper portion of the spring and controlled by two valve rod pieces, a spherical hinge is arranged at the joint of the valve rod pieces and the spring, the expansion and compression of the spring drive the spherical hinge to generate displacement so as to control the closing degree of the one-way valve, one end, far away from the spring, of the spherical hinge is connected with a pressure relief spring through a connecting rod, and the pressure relief spring determines the stiffness coefficient and the model of the pressure relief spring according to the energy dissipation pressure threshold.
Further, the multi-layer energy dissipation protective net is of a three-layer structure, the first layer is an energy dissipation grid, a plurality of diversion holes are formed in the energy dissipation grid, the energy dissipation grid is arranged on the outermost layer and consists of square cavernous bodies and twines, and the energy dissipation grid is fixed on different twines according to a first set interval.
Further, the second layer of the multi-layer energy dissipation protective net is an energy dissipation net and comprises a plurality of energy dissipation balls, wherein the energy dissipation balls are porous loose elliptic ceramic grains and are formed by firing marine soft clay, marine sand and water according to a set proportion; the energy dissipation ball is drilled into a vertical ball along the major axis of the ellipse or into a transverse ball along the minor axis of the ellipse; the energy dissipation net is arranged into three layers, the transverse balls and the longitudinal balls are respectively arranged by hemp ropes according to a second set interval, and the arrangement positions are inserted into the energy dissipation net intervals.
Further, soft spring connection is adopted between the circumferential and radial gaps of the energy dissipation net so as to fix the three layers of energy dissipation nets.
Further, the upper and lower spaces of the soft springs of the multi-layer energy dissipation protective net are connected by flexible energy dissipation belts formed by carbon fiber cloth.
Further, the outer part of the anti-scouring base is a conical energy dissipation base which is hollow inside and is made of elastic rubber materials, and coral sand and soft clay are filled in the inner part of the anti-scouring base; the upper part of the anti-scouring base is provided with a set quantity of algae culture mediums, the soft clay provides nutrient substances necessary for algae growth, and the coral sand provides impact resistance and dead weight; the anti-scouring base is characterized in that a cushion layer is arranged at the bottom of the anti-scouring base and fixed to the bottom of the seabed through anchors.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention provides a single pile foundation anti-scouring energy dissipation and ecological protection structure of an offshore wind turbine, which comprises an energy dissipation ring, wherein energy dissipation members are arranged in the energy dissipation ring, a plurality of layers of unloading energy dissipation structure nets are arranged along the radial direction and the circumferential direction of the energy dissipation ring, an anti-scouring base is arranged at the bottom of the energy dissipation ring, a plurality of energy dissipation members are arranged in the energy dissipation ring, each energy dissipation member consists of a spring, a one-way valve and a spherical hinge, the multi-layer energy dissipation structure net consists of energy dissipation grids, energy dissipation balls and flexible energy dissipation belts, and the anti-scouring base consists of soft clay and coral sand and is used for a marine plant to grow on the bottom of a seabed and is anchored at the bottom of the seabed. The invention can furthest resist the long-term wave load and the submerged scouring and impact action of the seabed of the single pile of the offshore wind turbine, effectively reduce the load action born by the pile foundation through multiple energy dissipation unloading structures and components, prolong the operation service life of the pile foundation, has simple structure, convenient installation, no damage to the pile foundation of the wind turbine and low maintenance cost, and simultaneously further organically combines marine ecological resources with an engineering protection structure, improves the utilization rate of marine clean energy and realizes the unification of the engineering protection structure and ecology.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the anti-scour energy dissipation and ecological protection structure of the offshore wind turbine single pile foundation of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the surge energy dissipation ring of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy dissipating device according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the energy dissipation protective net in the invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-layer energy dissipation protective net according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a base for washing resistance according to the present invention.
In the drawing, a surge energy dissipation ring 1, an arc-shaped ring 11, a buckle 12, an energy dissipation device 2, a spring 21, a valve rod 22, a spherical hinge 23, a pressure relief spring 24, an energy dissipation protection net 3, an energy dissipation grid 31, an energy dissipation ball 32, a soft spring 33, a flexible energy dissipation belt 34, an anti-scouring base 4, an algae culture medium 41 and an anchor nail 42.
The achievement of the objects, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in conjunction with the embodiments.
Detailed Description
It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a scour prevention and ecological protection structure for a single pile foundation of an offshore wind turbine, comprising:
the device comprises a surge energy dissipation ring 1, wherein water absorption sponge is filled in the surge energy dissipation ring 1 and air is filled in the surge energy dissipation ring 1;
the energy dissipation device 2 is arranged at the bottom end inside the surge energy dissipation ring 1;
the multi-layer energy dissipation protection net 3 is fixedly connected with the surge energy dissipation ring 1 at the upper end of the multi-layer energy dissipation protection net 3, and the multi-layer energy dissipation protection net 3 is annularly distributed along the periphery of the bottom surface of the surge energy dissipation ring 1 at a distance of a set ratio (1/10-1/20) of the perimeter;
the anti-scour base 4, the top surface of the anti-scour base 4 is fixedly connected with the lower end of the multi-layer energy dissipation protective net 3, and the bottom surface of the anti-scour base 4 is fixed on the bottom of the seabed.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the surge energy dissipation ring 1 is a 1/4 ring with an outer circumferential area, the material of the surge energy dissipation ring 1 is high-elasticity silica gel with a set thickness, the surge energy dissipation ring 1 is composed of a plurality of arc-shaped rings 11, and each two arc-shaped rings 11 are fixedly connected by adopting a buckle 12 so as to be disassembled and assembled.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the number of the energy dissipation devices 2 is a plurality, and the distance and the number of the energy dissipation devices 2 are determined according to the magnitude of energy dissipation unloading; the energy dissipation device 2 is internally provided with a spring 21 (the spring 21 with higher sensitivity and higher elastic coefficient), the upper part of the spring 21 is provided with a one-way valve, the one-way valve is controlled by two valve rod pieces 22, the joint of the valve rod pieces 22 and the spring 21 is provided with a spherical hinge 23, the expansion and compression of the spring 21 drive the spherical hinge 23 to displace so as to control the closing degree of the one-way valve, one end of the spherical hinge 23 far away from the spring 21 is connected with a pressure relief spring 24 through a connecting rod, and the pressure relief spring 24 determines the rigidity coefficient and model of the pressure relief spring 24 according to the energy dissipation pressure threshold value.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the multi-layer energy dissipation protection net 3 has a three-layer structure, the first layer is an energy dissipation grid 31, a plurality of diversion holes are formed in the energy dissipation grid 31, the energy dissipation grid 31 is arranged on the outermost layer and consists of square sponges and twines, the energy dissipation grid 31 is fixed on different twines according to a first set interval, the upper end of the energy dissipation grid is connected with a surge energy dissipation ring 1, the lower end of the energy dissipation grid is fixed with an anti-scouring base 4, and the energy dissipation ring is circumferentially distributed along the outer circumference of the surge energy dissipation ring 1 at a distance of 1/10-1/20 of the circumference.
In one embodiment, the second layer of the multi-layer energy dissipation protective net 3 is an energy dissipation ball 32 net and comprises a plurality of energy dissipation balls 32, wherein the energy dissipation balls 32 are porous loose elliptic ceramic grains and are formed by firing marine soft clay, sea sand and water according to a set proportion; the energy dissipating balls 32 are drilled as vertical balls along the major axis of the ellipse or as transverse balls along the minor axis of the ellipse; the energy dissipation balls 32 are arranged in three layers, the transverse balls and the longitudinal balls are respectively arranged by hemp ropes according to a second set interval, the arrangement positions are inserted into the intervals of the energy dissipation grids 31, the arrangement forms are annularly arranged along the periphery of the surge energy dissipation ring 1, and the lower part of the arrangement forms are fixed with the flushing base.
In one embodiment, the circumferential and radial gaps of the energy dissipation balls 32 are connected by soft springs 33, so as to fix the three layers of energy dissipation balls 32, and avoid the occurrence of intertwining under the action of waves and hidden currents.
In one embodiment, the upper and lower spaces of the soft springs 33 of the multi-layer energy dissipation protective net 3 are connected by flexible energy dissipation belts 34 formed by carbon fiber cloth, and the arrangement number is correspondingly reduced at the position close to the flushing base.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the outside of the anti-scouring base is an internally hollow conical energy dissipation base made of elastic rubber material, and the inside of the base is filled with coral sand and soft clay; the upper part of the anti-scouring base is provided with a set quantity of algae culture medium 41, the soft clay provides nutrient substances necessary for algae growth, and the coral sand provides impact resistance and dead weight; the bottom of the scour base is provided with a pad layer which is fixed to the bottom of the seabed by means of anchors 42.
The invention provides a structure for scour resistance and energy dissipation and ecological protection of a single pile foundation of an offshore wind turbine, which comprises the following steps: the device comprises a surge energy dissipation ring 1, an energy dissipation device 2, a multi-layer energy dissipation protective net 3, an anti-scouring base 4 and a single pile foundation of the offshore wind turbine. The scour prevention base 4 is arranged at the contact position of the pile foundation and the bottom surface of the seabed and is fixed by an anchor nail 42, and coral sand, marine clay and clay are adopted in the base; the energy dissipation ring is internally provided with a plurality of energy dissipation members and water absorption sponge, the energy dissipation members are provided with springs 21 and one-way valves, the unloading energy dissipation structural net consists of an energy dissipation grid 31, energy dissipation balls 32, flexible energy dissipation belts 34 and energy dissipation balls 32, and the energy dissipation base consists of soft clay and coral sand. The offshore wind turbine single pile can resist wave load and seabed undercurrent scouring action to the greatest extent, effectively reduce the load action born by the pile foundation through multiple energy dissipation unloading actions, improve the operation service life of the pile foundation, and has the advantages of simple structure, convenient installation, no damage to the wind turbine pile foundation, low maintenance cost, further utilization of marine ecological resources and engineering combination, improvement of the utilization rate of marine clean energy, and realization of engineering and ecological combination.
The installation method of the scour prevention energy dissipation device 2 of the offshore wind turbine pile foundation comprises the following steps:
single pile foundation: the single steel pipe pile foundation consists of a steel pipe pile with the diameter of 3-5m, and is suitable for the sea area smaller than 25 m. The method can be used for hammering pile sinking method for soft soil foundation, drilling method for rock foundation, and large diameter drilling filling pile can be formed in the rock foundation; the invention designs a multi-layer scour prevention energy dissipation net structure around a single pile foundation, and is combined with an scour prevention ecological base and a wind wave energy dissipation device 2, and the bottom of the scour prevention ecological base is connected in soil around the single pile foundation through anchoring pieces.
Step1: the surge energy dissipation ring 1 is made of high-elasticity silica gel with a certain thickness into a 1/4 ring shape, each arc ring 11 is fixedly connected by a buckle 12 and can be detached and assembled, sponge is filled in the ring and inflated, and the sponge and the gas help the ring to keep long-term buoyancy and form.
Step2: the energy dissipation device 2 is formed by a cylindrical opening, a spring 21 with higher sensitivity and higher elastic coefficient is arranged in the opening, one end of the spring 21 is connected with a one-way valve, the other end of the spring is connected with the bottom of the circular ring, and an interlayer for uniformly stressing the spring 21 is arranged at the bottom. The upper part of the spring 21 is provided with a one-way valve which is controlled by two valve rods 22. A spherical hinge 23 is arranged at the joint of the valve rod piece 22 and the spring 21, and the expansion and compression of the spring 21 drive the spherical hinge 23 to displace so as to control the closing degree of the one-way valve. The other end of the spherical hinge 23 is connected with a pressure relief spring 24 through a connecting rod, the pressure relief spring 24 can determine the rigidity coefficient and model of the pressure relief spring 24 according to the energy dissipation pressure threshold value, and a water isolation plug is arranged between the spring 21 and the valve.
When the fluctuation of the waves caused by the stormy waves acts on the surge energy dissipation circular ring 1, the spring 21 in the energy dissipation device 2 is compressed, air and water absorption sponge are compressed, the pressure relief spring 24 is displaced downwards and drives the spherical hinge 23 to move, at the moment, the one-way valve is opened to drain and exhaust, the spring 21 is compressed to absorb part of the impact force of the surge, the water absorption sponge absorbs water and discharges water according to the opening and closing of the valve, and the energy of the surge is converted into the deformation of the energy dissipation circular ring and is dissipated and discharged through the process. The return of the springs 21 after the pressure relief helps the ring to maintain the original shape, while the arrangement pitch and number of the energy dissipating devices 2 inside the energy dissipating ring are determined according to the magnitude of the energy dissipating load.
Step3: the bottom of the energy dissipation ring is provided with a plurality of holes connected with and fixed to the energy dissipation protective net 3, and the holes are distributed along the ring in a circumferential direction and a radial direction.
Step4: the first layer of energy dissipation grid 31 of the multi-layer energy dissipation protection net 3 is arranged on the outermost layer, consists of square sponges and twines, is fixed on different twines according to a certain interval, is connected with an energy dissipation ring at the upper end, is fixed with an anti-scouring base 4 at the lower end, and is annularly distributed along the outer circumference of the energy dissipation ring at a distance of 1/10-1/20 of the circumference. The square cavernous body is internally provided with a plurality of diversion holes, and the connection modes of the square cavernous body are various. As shown in fig. 4, the twine is made of a material such as a corrosion-resistant nylon rope with a certain thickness, and has a certain elasticity. The square sponge body is connected and fixed, the diversion holes of the square sponge body can be used for flowing of seawater, compression energy discharging can be carried out when the square sponge body is impacted by the seawater, and the diversion holes for fluid to enter are used for conducting, so that the directions of water flow are oriented.
Step5: a second layer of energy dissipating net is arranged. The second layer is a two-layer energy dissipation net structure formed by energy dissipation balls 32 and twines, porous loose elliptic ceramic grains are formed by firing marine soft clay, marine sand and water according to proportion, the porous loose elliptic ceramic grains are divided into two types according to the drilling positions in the middle, the type 1 is drilled along the major axis of the ellipse and is a vertical ball, and the type 2 is drilled along the minor axis of the ellipse and is a transverse ball. And the long diameter is about 5-6cm, the short diameter is about 2-3cm, and the surface is rounded. The energy dissipation balls 32 are arranged in three layers, the energy dissipation balls 32 are arranged at intervals by adopting long-diameter longitudinal balls and short-diameter transverse balls, the transverse balls and the longitudinal balls are respectively provided with hemp ropes at certain intervals, and the arrangement positions are inserted into the intervals of the energy dissipation grids 31. The arrangement form is annularly arranged along the outer circumference of the circular ring, and the lower part of the arrangement form is fixed with the flushing base. The energy dissipation ball 32 adopts an elliptical shape, when water flow is flushed, the energy dissipation ball 32 rotates along with the water flow to disturb the water flow, meanwhile, the energy dissipation ball 32 rotates to convert the kinetic energy of the water into the kinetic energy of the energy dissipation ball 32, so that the wave flow impact born by underwater structures is reduced, and the flushing of soil at the bottom of the periphery of the single pile is reduced.
Step6: the third layer of energy dissipation protective net 3 is arranged, a high-elasticity soft spring 33 is adopted between the energy dissipation balls 32, and the upper and lower spaces of the soft springs 33 are connected by a flexible energy dissipation belt 34 formed by carbon fiber cloth. The action mechanism of the soft spring 33 is to consume the disturbance of the protective screen under the strong impact of the wave current to the maximum extent, homogenize the impact load, meanwhile, the flexible energy dissipation belts 34 arranged up and down can be detached and replaced, and act together with the energy dissipation balls 32, and the rapid flow or the main flow is converted into the slow flow with uniform diffusion as soon as possible through the modes of friction, impact, swirling, turbulence, diffusion, aeration and the like between the water flow and the flexible fiber cloth strips, so that the effects of collision mixing and friction shearing stress between the energy dissipation diffusion are realized.
Step7: an anti-scour base is prepared. The method comprises the steps of locally obtaining materials, preparing a matrix by using coral sand particles and marine soft clay in a marine large-diameter single-pile foundation construction site, wrapping the matrix into a circular ring by using high-strength rubber made of environment-friendly materials, arranging a certain amount of ecological culture dishes on the upper part of the base, wherein culture matrix liquid is from the marine soft clay inside and a small amount of nutrient substances necessary for algae plants, attaching spores and the like of the algae plants on the ecological culture dishes for growth and propagation, and removing the flexible energy dissipation belt 34 after the belt is formed. The upper part of the scour prevention base 4 is provided with holes fixedly connected with the energy dissipation protective net 3, and the bottom is anchored into the deep part of the seabed by anchor nails 42 for fixation. Algae in the ecological culture dish grow by absorbing nutrition in the matrix, are wrapped around the pile foundation, and act together with the energy dissipation protective net 3 to unload and dissipate energy of scouring force of sea and dark current.
The protective structure provided by the invention has a simple installation process, and is not in direct contact with underwater structures such as pile foundations and the like, so that the damage to the piles during construction and protection is avoided. In addition, the invention has the advantages of low cost of raw materials, short construction period, convenient later maintenance, reduced anti-scour cost of the fan and greatly reduced wave force of the fan single pile. In addition, the invention can be further combined with the fields of marine pastures and the like to realize multi-industry and high-quality parallel development.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, apparatus, article, or method that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, apparatus, article, or method. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, apparatus, article or method that comprises the element.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent structures or equivalent processes using the descriptions and drawings of the present invention or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields are included in the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides an offshore wind turbine single pile basis scour protection energy dissipation and ecological protection structure which characterized in that includes:
the water-absorbing sponge is filled into the surge energy dissipation ring and filled with air;
the energy dissipation device is arranged at the bottom end inside the surge energy dissipation ring;
the upper end of the multilayer energy dissipation protection net is fixedly connected with the surging energy dissipation ring, and the multilayer energy dissipation protection net is annularly distributed along the periphery of the bottom surface of the surging energy dissipation ring at a distance of a set proportion of the perimeter;
the top surface of the anti-scour base is fixedly connected with the lower end of the multi-layer energy dissipation protection net, and the bottom surface of the anti-scour base is fixed at the bottom of the seabed.
2. The offshore wind turbine single pile foundation anti-scour energy dissipation and ecological protection structure according to claim 1, wherein the surging energy dissipation ring is a 1/4 ring with the outer circumferential area, the material of the surging energy dissipation ring is elastic silica gel with set thickness, the surging energy dissipation ring is composed of a plurality of arc-shaped rings, and each two arc-shaped rings are fixedly connected by a buckle.
3. The offshore wind turbine single pile foundation anti-scour energy dissipation and ecological protection structure according to claim 1, wherein the number of the energy dissipation devices is multiple, and the distance and the number of the energy dissipation devices are determined according to the magnitude of energy dissipation unloading;
the energy dissipation device is characterized in that a spring is arranged inside the energy dissipation device, a one-way valve is arranged on the upper portion of the spring and controlled by two valve rod pieces, a spherical hinge is arranged at the joint of the valve rod pieces and the spring, the expansion and compression of the spring drive the spherical hinge to generate displacement so as to control the closing degree of the one-way valve, one end, far away from the spring, of the spherical hinge is connected with a pressure relief spring through a connecting rod, and the pressure relief spring determines the stiffness coefficient and the model of the pressure relief spring according to the energy dissipation pressure threshold.
4. The offshore wind turbine single pile foundation anti-scour energy dissipation and ecological protection structure according to claim 1, wherein the multi-layer energy dissipation protection net has a three-layer structure, the first layer is an energy dissipation grid, a plurality of diversion holes are formed in the energy dissipation grid, the energy dissipation grid is arranged on the outermost layer and consists of square sponges and twines, and the energy dissipation grid is fixed on different twines according to a first set interval.
5. The offshore wind turbine single pile foundation anti-scour energy dissipation and ecological protection structure according to claim 4, wherein the second layer of the multi-layer energy dissipation protection net is an energy dissipation net and comprises a plurality of energy dissipation balls, wherein the energy dissipation balls are porous loose elliptic ceramsite and are formed by firing marine soft clay, marine sand and water according to a set proportion; the energy dissipation ball is drilled into a vertical ball along the major axis of the ellipse or into a transverse ball along the minor axis of the ellipse; the energy dissipation net is arranged into three layers, the transverse balls and the longitudinal balls are respectively arranged by hemp ropes according to a second set interval, and the arrangement positions are inserted into the energy dissipation net intervals.
6. The offshore wind turbine single pile foundation anti-scour energy dissipation and ecological protection structure according to claim 5, wherein soft spring connection is adopted between the annular and radial gaps of the energy dissipation net so as to fix the three layers of energy dissipation nets.
7. The offshore wind turbine single pile foundation anti-scour energy dissipation and ecological protection structure according to claim 6, wherein the upper and lower spaces of the soft springs of the multi-layer energy dissipation protection net are connected by flexible energy dissipation belts formed by carbon fiber cloth.
8. The offshore wind turbine single pile foundation anti-scour energy dissipation and ecological protection structure according to claim 1, wherein the outer part of the scour base is an internally hollow conical energy dissipation base made of elastic rubber material, and the inner part of the base is filled with coral sand and soft clay; the upper part of the anti-scouring base is provided with a set quantity of algae culture mediums, the soft clay provides nutrient substances necessary for algae growth, and the coral sand provides impact resistance and dead weight; the anti-scouring base is characterized in that a cushion layer is arranged at the bottom of the anti-scouring base and fixed to the bottom of the seabed through anchors.
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