CN116234143A - Distributed coupling high-gradient radio frequency accelerating device and processing method - Google Patents
Distributed coupling high-gradient radio frequency accelerating device and processing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN116234143A CN116234143A CN202310197803.XA CN202310197803A CN116234143A CN 116234143 A CN116234143 A CN 116234143A CN 202310197803 A CN202310197803 A CN 202310197803A CN 116234143 A CN116234143 A CN 116234143A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a distributed coupling high-gradient radio frequency accelerating device and a processing method, wherein the distributed coupling high-gradient radio frequency accelerating device comprises a first radio frequency accelerating device and a second radio frequency accelerating device which are identical in structure, and when the first radio frequency accelerating device and the second radio frequency accelerating device are in a splicing state, the radio frequency accelerating structure is symmetrical along the contact surface of the first radio frequency accelerating device and the second radio frequency accelerating device. The invention reduces the complexity of manufacture while providing a relatively convenient arrangement of cooling ducts and tuning holes. Meanwhile, the possibility of low-temperature processing is provided, including electronic welding, so that the influence of high-temperature annealing on materials is prevented, the operation reliability is improved, the higher gradient of an acceleration field can be born, the acceleration gradient and the reliability are improved, and the processing difficulty is reduced. Meanwhile, the cavity design optimization has larger freedom degree, and particularly brings great convenience to the low beta cavity structural design optimization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear medicine, in particular to a distributed coupling high-gradient radio frequency accelerating device and a processing method.
Background
Proton and heavy ion radiation therapy is currently recognized as a relatively effective treatment modality for cancer, and therefore accelerators that generate therapeutic high energy ions are important. Proton therapy accelerators typically employ cyclotrons and synchrotrons, while heavy ion accelerators typically employ synchrotrons. The cyclotron can provide Continuous (CW) stable beam, but has low transmission efficiency and fixed extraction energy, and needs to use an energy reducer and an energy selection system to realize different irradiation depths, thereby damaging the beam quality and increasing the radiation protection difficulty. Although the synchrotron can realize energy adjustment, the injection, energy rising and standardization cycle of the synchrotron takes a long time, the energy adjustment time is about seconds, and the requirement of rapid and continuous treatment cannot be met. In addition, the occupied area of the synchrotron is large, and the whole system architecture is complex.
A linear accelerator is an accelerator that uses a radio frequency electric field to accelerate ions in a linear trajectory. The linear accelerator has the advantage of rapid energy adjustment, and is an ideal model for supporting the radiation treatment, particularly the flash treatment, of the moving organs under development. The main research direction of the linear accelerator applied to the proton and heavy ion treatment field is to reduce the length of the accelerator and reduce the cost. The acceleration structure commonly used is RFQ (radio frequency quadrupole, radio frequency quadrupole accelerator) +dtl (drift tube linac) +ccl (coupled cavity linac ) or BTW (back travelling wave, return wave accelerator) structure or NHS (negative harmonic structure, negative harmonic accelerator) structure. In order to achieve miniaturization, it is necessary to fully utilize the high gradient acceleration structure that can be applied at low beta (typically 0.3-0.4) to obtain higher energy at shorter distances. Wherein the CCL structure, the BTW structure and the NHS belong to high gradient structures and belong to traditional standing wave and traveling wave accelerators. In designing such cavity units, it is very difficult to design taking into account both the power coupling problem between the cavities and the efficiency and the high gradient requirements to be achieved. In addition, the cavity has a complex structure, the high gradient is harsh to the process requirement, the acceleration gradient which can be achieved in practice is limited, and great difficulty is brought to practical application.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a distributed coupling high-gradient radio frequency accelerating device and a processing method, which have higher reliability and simple design and processing.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the distributed coupling high-gradient radio frequency accelerating device comprises a first radio frequency accelerating device and a second radio frequency accelerating device which are identical in structure, and when the first radio frequency accelerating device and the second radio frequency accelerating device are in a splicing state, the radio frequency accelerating structure is symmetrical along the contact surface of the first radio frequency accelerating device and the second radio frequency accelerating device.
Further, the splicing mode of the first radio frequency accelerating device and the second radio frequency accelerating device is electronic welding.
Further, the radio frequency accelerating structure comprises a power coupler and a power divider which are sequentially connected with a power source, wherein the power divider is connected with two parallel waveguides, and a plurality of accelerating units are uniformly arranged between the two waveguides.
Further, the accelerating unit comprises a power distribution matcher arranged on the waveguides, the power distribution matcher is connected with a power distribution coupler, an accelerating cavity is arranged between the two waveguides, and the accelerating cavities are respectively connected with the power distribution couplers on two sides.
Furthermore, the input end and the output end of the acceleration cavity are provided with beam channels.
A processing method of a distributed coupling high-gradient radio frequency accelerating device comprises the following steps:
processing a first radio frequency accelerating device and a second radio frequency accelerating device which have the same structure on the two radio frequency accelerating structure materials respectively;
and splicing and fixing the first radio frequency accelerating device and the second radio frequency accelerating device, wherein when the first radio frequency accelerating device and the second radio frequency accelerating device are in a splicing state, the radio frequency accelerating structure is symmetrical along the contact surface of the first radio frequency accelerating device and the second radio frequency accelerating device.
Further, the manner of splicing and fixing the first radio frequency accelerating device and the second radio frequency accelerating device is electronic welding.
Further, the radio frequency accelerating structure comprises a power coupler and a power divider which are sequentially connected with a power source, wherein the power divider is connected with two parallel waveguides, and a plurality of accelerating units are uniformly arranged between the two waveguides.
Further, the accelerating unit comprises a power distribution matcher which is processed on the waveguides, the power distribution matcher is connected with a power distribution coupler, an accelerating cavity is processed between the two waveguides, and the accelerating cavity is respectively connected with the power distribution couplers on two sides.
Furthermore, beam channels are processed at the input end and the output end of the acceleration cavity.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
the distributed coupling high-gradient radio frequency accelerating device and the processing method provided by the invention can process two symmetrical parts from a block material, and finally, the two parts are spliced together to form the whole accelerating structure. The complexity of manufacture is reduced while providing a relatively convenient arrangement of cooling ducts and tuning holes. Meanwhile, the possibility of low-temperature processing is also provided, comprising electronic welding, so that the influence of high-temperature annealing on materials is prevented, and the operation reliability is improved, therefore, materials comprising copper alloy and the like can be used for manufacturing an acceleration structure, can bear higher gradient of an acceleration field, and can improve the gradient and reliability and reduce the processing difficulty. And the coupling and power transmission between the cavities do not need to be considered, so that the cavity design optimization has larger freedom degree, and particularly brings great convenience to the low-beta cavity structural design optimization. The cavity shape can be optimized to be efficient and high gradient structure.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Like parts are designated with like reference numerals throughout the drawings. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of a distributed coupling high-gradient rf accelerator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a power coupler and a power divider in an embodiment of the present invention.
The various references in the drawings are as follows:
1. a waveguide; 2. an acceleration chamber; 3. a power division matcher; 4. a power division coupler; 5. a beam channel; 6. a power coupler; 7. a power divider.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
Referring to fig. 1, in one embodiment of the present invention, a distributed coupling high gradient rf accelerating device includes a first rf accelerating device and a second rf accelerating device with the same structure, and when the first rf accelerating device and the second rf accelerating device are in a spliced state, the rf accelerating structure is symmetrical along a contact surface of the first rf accelerating device and the second rf accelerating device.
The distributed coupling high-gradient radio frequency accelerating device can process a block material, process symmetrical two parts and finally splice the two parts together to form a whole accelerating structure, so that the manufacturing complexity is reduced, and meanwhile, the arrangement of a cooling pipeline and a tuning hole is convenient. At the same time, a possibility of low-temperature processing is provided, including electron welding, so that materials such as copper alloy can be used for manufacturing an acceleration structure and can bear higher gradient of an acceleration field.
Referring to fig. 2, in this embodiment, the radio frequency accelerating structure includes a power coupler 6 and a power divider 7 sequentially connected with a power source, the power divider 7 is connected with two parallel waveguides 1 through an interface of the power divider 7, and a plurality of accelerating units are uniformly disposed between the two waveguides 1. The accelerating unit comprises a power distribution matcher 3 arranged on the waveguide 1, the power distribution matcher 3 is connected with a power distribution coupler 4, an accelerating cavity 2 is arranged between the two waveguides 1, and the accelerating cavities 2 are respectively connected with the power distribution couplers 4 on two sides. The input end and the output end of the acceleration chamber 2 are provided with beam channels 5.
The distributed coupling structure is applied to a high-gradient structure of a proton and heavy ion linear accelerator, has the advantages of higher reliability and simplicity in design and processing, and can work at normal temperature (300K) or low temperature (40-80K) with the working frequency from an S band to a C band. By means of a periodic feed network, power can be fed independently for each acceleration unit. The acceleration structure is independent between units when operating in pi mode. With the distributed coupling structure, the design of the accelerator is simplified to a single accelerating unit, so that a new accelerating cavity 2 structure can be tried. Meanwhile, parameters of the low beta accelerating cavity 2 can be optimized, and a higher accelerating gradient is realized, so that the proton and heavy ion linear accelerator for treating cancers is more compact. Different from the traditional travelling wave or standing wave accelerating structure, the novel structure does not need to consider the coupling and power transmission between the cavities, so that the cavity design optimization has larger freedom degree, and particularly brings great convenience to the low-beta cavity structural design optimization. The cavity shape can be optimized to be efficient and high gradient structure. This also provides a low temperature processing technique to prevent high temperature annealing from affecting the material and to improve operational reliability.
In this embodiment, microwave power is transmitted from a power source through the power coupler 6 and the power divider 7 into the symmetrical waveguide 11, microwaves are transmitted in the waveguide 11 along the end of the accelerating structure, at each accelerating unit, the required microwaves are transmitted into the accelerating cavity 22 in a matching manner by the power divider matching section 3 and the coupler 4, and a synchronous electric field required for accelerating protons and heavy ions is established in the accelerating cavity 22. The accelerating structure is formed by processing the whole copper block, so that the two half identical structures are spliced together to form the whole accelerating structure. The accelerating structure can work at normal temperature (300K) or low temperature (40-80K).
Referring to fig. 1-2, in one embodiment of the present invention, a method for processing a distributed coupling high gradient radio frequency acceleration device includes:
the first radio frequency accelerating device and the second radio frequency accelerating device which have the same structure are respectively processed on the two radio frequency accelerating materials;
and splicing and fixing the first radio frequency accelerating device and the second radio frequency accelerating device, wherein when the first radio frequency accelerating device and the second radio frequency accelerating device are in a splicing state, the radio frequency accelerating structure is symmetrical along the contact surface of the first radio frequency accelerating device and the second radio frequency accelerating device.
In this embodiment, the manner in which the first rf accelerating device and the second rf accelerating device are spliced and fixed is electronic welding. The radio frequency accelerating structure comprises a power coupler 6 and a power divider 7 which are sequentially connected with a power source, the power divider 7 is connected with two parallel waveguides 1 through interfaces of the power divider 7, and a plurality of accelerating units are uniformly arranged between the two waveguides 1. The accelerating unit comprises a power distribution matcher 3 which is processed on the waveguide 1, the power distribution matcher 3 is connected with a power distribution coupler 4, an accelerating cavity 2 is processed between the two waveguides 1, and the accelerating cavities 2 are respectively connected with the power distribution couplers 4 on two sides. Beam channels 5 are machined at the input and output ends of the acceleration chamber 2.
In this embodiment, the design of the acceleration structure is simplified by using a distributed coupling structure. The acceleration structure is simplified into a single acceleration unit design. The distributed coupling structure can be processed from a bulk material, two symmetrical parts are processed, and finally the two parts are spliced together to form the whole accelerating structure. The complexity of manufacture is reduced while providing a relatively convenient arrangement of cooling ducts and tuning holes. At the same time, a possibility of low-temperature processing is provided, including electron welding, so that materials such as copper alloy can be used for manufacturing an acceleration structure and can bear higher gradient of an acceleration field. The invention can improve the acceleration gradient and the reliability and reduce the processing difficulty.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The distributed coupling high-gradient radio frequency accelerating device is characterized by comprising a first radio frequency accelerating device and a second radio frequency accelerating device which are identical in structure, wherein when the first radio frequency accelerating device and the second radio frequency accelerating device are in a splicing state, the radio frequency accelerating structure is symmetrical along the contact surface of the first radio frequency accelerating device and the second radio frequency accelerating device.
2. The distributed coupling high gradient rf acceleration apparatus of claim 1, wherein the manner of splicing the first rf acceleration apparatus and the second rf acceleration apparatus is electron welding.
3. The distributed coupling high-gradient radio frequency accelerating device according to claim 1, wherein the radio frequency accelerating structure comprises a power coupler (6) and a power divider (7) which are sequentially connected with a power source, the power divider (7) is connected with two parallel waveguides (1), and a plurality of accelerating units are uniformly arranged between the two waveguides (1).
4. The distributed coupling high-gradient radio frequency accelerating device according to claim 3, wherein the accelerating unit comprises a power distribution matcher (3) arranged on the waveguides (1), the power distribution matcher (3) is connected with a power distribution coupler (4), an accelerating cavity (2) is arranged between the two waveguides (1), and the accelerating cavities (2) are respectively connected with the power distribution couplers (4) on two sides.
5. The distributed coupling high gradient radio frequency accelerating device according to claim 4, wherein the input end and the output end of the accelerating cavity (2) are provided with beam flow channels (5).
6. The processing method of the distributed coupling high-gradient radio frequency accelerating device is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
processing a first radio frequency accelerating device and a second radio frequency accelerating device which have the same structure on the two radio frequency accelerating structure materials respectively;
and splicing and fixing the first radio frequency accelerating device and the second radio frequency accelerating device, wherein when the first radio frequency accelerating device and the second radio frequency accelerating device are in a splicing state, the radio frequency accelerating structure is symmetrical along the contact surface of the first radio frequency accelerating device and the second radio frequency accelerating device.
7. The method for processing the distributed coupling high-gradient radio frequency accelerating device according to claim 6, wherein the mode of splicing and fixing the first radio frequency accelerating device and the second radio frequency accelerating device is electronic welding.
8. The method for processing the distributed coupling high-gradient radio frequency accelerating device according to claim 6, wherein the radio frequency accelerating structure comprises a power coupler (6) and a power divider (7) which are sequentially connected with a power source, the power divider (7) is connected with two parallel waveguides (1), and a plurality of accelerating units are uniformly arranged between the two waveguides (1).
9. The processing method of the distributed coupling high-gradient radio frequency accelerating device according to claim 8, wherein the accelerating unit comprises a power distribution matcher (3) processed on the waveguides (1), the power distribution matcher (3) is connected with a power distribution coupler (4), an accelerating cavity (2) is processed between the two waveguides (1), and the accelerating cavities (2) are respectively connected with the power distribution couplers (4) on two sides.
10. The method for processing the distributed coupling high-gradient radio frequency accelerating device according to claim 9, wherein the input end and the output end of the accelerating cavity (2) are processed with beam channels (5).
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