CN116218265A

CN116218265A - Physical protective film for fruit trees and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN116218265A
Application number: CN202310291036.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 周洪旭; 王玲超; 顾松东; 亓永传; 万方浩
Original assignee: Qingdao Agricultural University
Current assignee: Qingdao Agricultural University
Priority date: 2023-03-23
Filing date: 2023-03-23
Publication date: 2023-06-06

Abstract

The invention provides a physical protective film for fruit trees, namely a preparation for inhibiting agricultural crop diseases and insect pests by a coating with hydrophobicity, physical particle barrier property and white reflection property. The invention firstly provides a preparation for preparing a physical protective film of fruit trees, which comprises 57.3 to 57.9 percent of kaolin, 9.5 to 9.7 percent of sodium carboxymethyl starch, 31.9 to 32.5 percent of white carbon black, 0.6 to 0.7 percent of sodium butylnaphthalene sulfonate and 0.1 to 0.3 percent of washing powder; the preparation provided by the invention can be used for preparing a solvent for forming a physical protective film. The preparation can replace chemical pesticides to realize the prevention and control of pests in the whole growing season in an orchard, and prevent and control the pests by blocking the contact of the pests and pathogenic microorganisms with plant leaves, so that the traditional chemical pesticides used in the fruit production can be reduced, the pollution of the pesticides to the environment is reduced, the safety of agricultural personnel is improved, and the consumers are ensured to obtain safer fruit supply.

Description

Physical protective film for fruit trees and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit planting, and particularly relates to a physical protective film for fruit trees and application thereof.

Background

For a long time, the traditional chemical pesticides have the problems of pesticide residue, excessive toxicity and the like in the using process, and the traditional chemical pesticides pose a great threat to the ecological environment and the safety of agricultural products. Currently, fruit growers mainly use fruit bagging technology in order to effectively reduce pesticide residue. However, as rural labor force is reduced and labor cost is continuously increased, the fruit bagging technology seriously hinders the development of productivity, and the development of a new green sustainable control technology gradually replaces the bagging technology to become a key in the control of diseases and insect pests of an orchard.

The kaolin particles are a physical protective film which is expected to be applied to orchards for preventing and controlling fruit diseases and insect pests, the prior art is that the kaolin particles are diluted according to a certain proportion and then are rapidly sprayed on the surface of plants, but the suspension property of high-concentration kaolin in water is poor, precipitation is easy to form, and the spraying is difficult; in addition, as the plant surface is covered with a layer of cuticle and a layer of wax, under the action of surface tension, kaolin particles sprayed on the plant surface are difficult to form a layer of uniform white coating, and the prevention and control effects are reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a physical protective film for fruit trees, namely a preparation for inhibiting agricultural crop diseases and insect pests by a coating with hydrophobicity, physical particle barrier property and white reflection property.

The invention firstly provides a preparation for preparing a physical protective film of a fruit tree, which comprises kaolin, sodium carboxymethyl starch, white carbon black, sodium butylnaphthalene sulfonate and washing powder.

Preferably, the preparation is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 57.3 to 57.9 percent of kaolin, 9.5 to 9.7 percent of sodium carboxymethyl starch, 31.9 to 32.5 percent of white carbon black, 0.6 to 0.7 percent of sodium butylnaphthalene sulfonate and 0.1 to 0.3 percent of washing powder;

the preparation provided by the invention can be used for preparing a solvent for forming a physical protective film;

the invention also provides a solvent for preparing the physical protective film of the fruit tree, which comprises the preparation with the concentration of 0.1036g/ml-0.1047g/ml.

The invention also provides a physical protection method for fruits or leaves thereof, which is to spray the solvent containing the preparation onto fruits or leaves of fruit trees to be protected.

The preparation has the advantages of simple preparation, convenient use, rain wash resistance, low cost, no side effect, environmental friendliness and no drug resistance of plant diseases and insect pests. The preparation can replace chemical pesticides to realize the prevention and control of pests in the whole growing season in an orchard, and prevent and control the pests by blocking the contact of the pests and pathogenic microorganisms with plant leaves, so that the traditional chemical pesticides used in the fruit production can be reduced, the pollution of the pesticides to the environment is reduced, the safety of agricultural personnel is improved, and the consumers are ensured to obtain safer fruit supply.

Drawings

Fig. 1: the method comprises the steps of (1) forming a white coating and a fiber picture after spraying a fruit physical protective film, wherein 1 is a blade with the white coating formed after spraying the fruit physical protective film, and 2 is the fiber picture with the white coating formed after spraying the protective film; 3 is the fiber structure of sodium carboxymethyl starch in the white coating; 4 is the fiber structure of white carbon black in the white coating; and 5 is the fiber structure of kaolin in a white coating.

Fig. 2: comparing the spread condition of the sprayed crabapple leaves after different treatments, wherein A is an effect graph of the sprayed American products (surrounding WP); b is an effect diagram after spraying;

fig. 3: graph of effect of kaolin particle film on bactrocera dorsalis access after treatment of host surface.

Fig. 4: rain wash resistance of different formulations was sought.

Detailed Description

According to the invention, substances such as a surfactant, a suspending agent and the like are added into the kaolin particles, so that the problems of the existing kaolin in plant protection are well solved. Firstly, the preparation of the invention increases the suspension property and the spreading property of the kaolin on the premise of ensuring that the kaolin has high concentration in water, thereby ensuring better control effect on plant diseases and insect pests; and secondly, the application method is simple, the spray can be used in a sprayer only by simple mixing and dilution, so that manpower and material resources are greatly saved, a layer of uniform and compact white coating can be formed on the blade during spraying, the white coating still exists under the condition of continuous heavy rain flushing, and the control effect is greatly improved. The preparation of the invention mainly uses a coating layer with hydrophobicity, physical particle barrier property and white reflection property to prevent diseases and insects from invading plants, forms a barrier between the plants and the diseases and insects, and does not influence the normal growth and development of the plants.

The fruit physical protective film preparation provided by the invention consists of kaolin, sodium carboxymethyl starch, white carbon black, sodium butylnaphthalene sulfonate and washing powder.

Preferably, the preparation is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: kaolin accounts for 57.1 to 57.7 percent, sodium carboxymethyl starch accounts for 9.5 to 9.6 percent, white carbon black accounts for 32.4 to 31.8 percent, sodium butylnaphthalene sulfonate accounts for 0.6 to 0.7 percent, and washing powder accounts for 0.3 percent;

preferably, the fruit physical protective film preparation provided by the invention is used for preparing a fruit physical protective film; the white coating formed after spraying and the fiber picture are shown in fig. 1.

The kaolin in the components of the provided preparation can be common 1250-mesh kaolin, and can also be other types of kaolin in the pesticide industry. In addition, the invention selects sodium carboxymethyl starch, sodium butylnaphthalene sulfonate and gas-phase white carbon black from the aspects of film forming stability, solution fluidity and kaolin dispersibility in water, and the prepared preparation has the characteristics of hydrophobicity, physical particle barrier property and white reflection through the component proportion.

The washing powder can be any commercially available washing powder, and the main components of the washing powder are anionic surfactant, a small amount of nonionic surfactant and some assistants. The washing powder has the advantages of enhancing the adhesiveness and spreadability of the liquid medicine on the blades, selecting the washing powder from the stability angle after film formation, and enabling the prepared preparation to be more stable and resistant to rain wash through the component proportion.

The present invention is further illustrated by the following test examples and embodiments, which are intended to be illustrative, but not limiting.

Example 1:

A. the particle film of the invention: 103.92g of a preparation containing kaolin, sodium carboxymethyl starch, white carbon black, sodium butylnaphthalene sulfonate and washing powder is taken, wherein the kaolin accounts for 57.7 percent, the sodium carboxymethyl starch accounts for 9.6 percent, the white carbon black accounts for 31.8 percent, the sodium butylnaphthalene sulfonate accounts for 0.6 percent and the washing powder accounts for 0.3 percent; the components are evenly mixed, placed in a plastic bottle, added with a small amount of clean water, evenly mixed and shaken, poured into a sprayer, added with the clean water until the total volume is 1L, and evenly stirred.

B. U.S. product (surrounding WP): 60g of U.S. kaolin product was taken.

The test method comprises the following steps: the variety and the fruiting time of the malus spectabilis are selected to be the same, the growing condition and the fertilizer and water condition are basically consistent, 1 field block is adopted at the initial stage of the malus spectabilis fruiting, 1 treatment is carried out, 2 comparison is carried out, 3 times of repetition are carried out for each treatment, the arrangement is carried out at random, and the diseased leaves of the malus spectabilis are all removed before spraying.

(1) The reagent of the invention comprises the following components: in the initial stage of the crab results, 103.92g of the particle film is weighed and placed in a plastic bottle, a small amount of clear water is added, mixed and shaken uniformly, poured into a sprayer, 1L of clear water is added, mixed uniformly, and applied in the initial stage of the crab results, and the sprayer is used for spraying uniformly every time of application, so that the front and back surfaces of the leaves and fruits are fully contacted with the liquid medicine;

(2) the U.S. product (surrounding WP) treatment method is the same as (1); (3) the method for treating the clear water is the same as (1).

The field efficacy: disease investigation was performed at intervals 5d after administration. Counting the number of new and long disease leaves and the number of disease fruits.

The results show that: according to the table of the control effect of the different treatments of table 1 on the crabapple in the field and the comparison of the spreading condition of the crabapple on the crabapple leaves after spraying in the different treatments of fig. 2, the results are found by comparing the atomization effect, the leaf spreading condition and the final residual quantity of the sprayer during spraying: the final residual quantity in the barrel of the preparation provided by the invention is not different from that of a U.S. product (surrounding WP), the atomization effect is better, and the difference between the number of new and long disease leaves and the clear water of a control group is obvious within a period of time; the preparation provided by the invention is similar to the spreading condition of the blade after spraying of American products (surrounding WP), a compact white coating is formed on the surface of the blade after spraying, and the control effect is better.

Table 1: table of control effect of different treatments on crabapple in field

Example 2: influence of apple treatment on oviposition of adults by orchard fruit protection film

The Gala apples are selected, the sizes, the colors and the fruit maturity are the same, the temperature, the humidity and the illumination conditions are basically consistent, 2 treatments and 2 controls are provided, and each treatment is repeated for 9 times and is arranged randomly. According to the invention, 105.02g of the detergent comprises 57.1% of kaolin, 9.5% of sodium carboxymethyl starch, 32.4% of white carbon black, 0.7% of sodium butylnaphthalene sulfonate and 0.3% of washing powder; placing in a plastic bottle, adding a small amount of water, shaking uniformly, adding 1L of water, and preparing a suspension; 60g of U.S. product (surrounding WP) was added to 1L of water to prepare a suspension. Immersing the apples of the treatment group into the suspension of the invention for 10s respectively, immersing the apples of the control group into sterile water and American kaolin products for 10s respectively, taking out and naturally airing in a ventilation cabinet; apples were placed in insect cages (40 cm x 40 cm) with 200 citrus fruit flies (female: male = 1:1) that had been sexually mature.

The field efficacy: during the first 12 hours, the number of bactrocera dorsalis adults resting on the apples was observed every 3 hours.

The results show that: the effect of the present invention and U.S. product (surrounding WP) treatment on the number of access to bactrocera dorsalis is shown in FIG. 3. The access times of fruit bactrocera dorsalis after the treatment of the invention and the American products (Surround WP) are obviously reduced, and the access times of the fruit bactrocera dorsalis in the kaolin treatment group and the American products (Surround WP) are obviously lower than that of clear water in the control group in each time period. The access times of the citrus fruit fly to the apples treated by the method are lower than those of other treatments in each time period, and the citrus fruit fly has a good effect. In the 12h overall, the kaolin particle film treated fruit has significantly reduced attraction to bactrocera dorsalis after treatment compared with the control group clear water.

Example 3:

The field efficacy: after standing the insect cage for 24 hours, respectively placing each apple into a plastic cup, placing soil at the bottom of the cup, and counting the number of larvae or pupae falling into the soil in the later period.

Spawning repellent rate (%) = (C-T)/(c+t) ×100%

Wherein C is the spawning amount of the control group, and T is the spawning amount of the treatment group (the spawning amount is replaced by the number of larvae after hatching).

The results show that: table 2 the effect of different treatments on bactrocera dorsalis oviposition showed that the average number of larvae per apple in the treatment group was significantly lower than that of the control group U.S. product (Surround WP), and that the oviposition repellency of the treatment group was 63.33%; whereas the average number of larvae per apple in the treatment group was very different from that in the control group.

Table 2: table of the effect of different treatments on spawning

Example 4:

the peach tree leaves are selected, the sizes and the colors are the same, the temperature, the illumination conditions, the spraying equipment and the spraying quantity are basically consistent, 1 treatment and 1 comparison are carried out, and each treatment is repeated for 5 times and is arranged randomly. Taking 103.92g of the invention, namely 57.7 percent of kaolin, 9.6 percent of carboxymethyl starch sodium, 31.8 percent of white carbon black, 0.6 percent of butyl naphthalene sulfonate and 0.3 percent of washing powder, placing the mixture into a plastic bottle, adding a small amount of water, shaking uniformly, and adding 1L of water to prepare a suspension; taking 57.1 percent of kaolin, 9.5 percent of sodium carboxymethyl starch, 32.4 percent of white carbon black, 0.7 percent of sodium butylnaphthalene sulfonate and 0.3 percent of washing powder, wherein the total weight of the kaolin is 105.02g; placing in a plastic bottle, adding a small amount of water, shaking uniformly, adding 1L of water, and preparing a suspension; 60g of U.S. product (surrounding WP) was added to 1L of water to prepare a suspension. The sprayer is used for spraying evenly every time of medicine application, so that the front and back surfaces of the leaves and fruits are fully contacted with the medicine liquid; after the liquid medicine on the surface of the blade is thoroughly air-dried to form a layer of uniform and compact white coating, simulating the raining condition by using a sprayer; and stopping simulating raining after a certain time, naturally airing the blade, observing whether the white coating on the surface of the blade is completely covered, and recording the coverage rate of the white coating on the surface of the blade when the white coating is incomplete.

White coating coverage (%) = area of white coating/blade area x 100%

Table 3: rain wash resistance meter with different formulas

The rain wash resistance of the present invention and U.S. products (surrounding WP) are shown in table 3 and fig. 4. The results show that the rain wash resistance of the preparation of the invention is significantly better than that of the U.S. products (surrounding WP); the influence of rain wash on the blade treated by the preparation is smaller than that of a U.S. product (surrounding WP) in each time period, which shows that the blade treated by spraying the preparation into a film has obviously improved rain wash resistance.

In summary, the fruit physical protective film provided by the invention is used for preventing and treating various diseases and insect pests of fruit trees and plays a role in physical protection. For example, it is possible to suppress diseases and insect pests such as fruit borer, peach fruit borer, citrus fruit fly, lygus lucorum, aphid, red spider, apple ring rot, anthracnose, rust, powdery mildew, etc. in an orchard.

Claims

1. The preparation for preparing the physical protective film for the fruit trees is characterized by comprising kaolin, sodium carboxymethyl starch, white carbon black, sodium butylnaphthalene sulfonate and washing powder.

2. The preparation of claim 1, wherein the preparation comprises the following components in parts by weight: 57.3 to 57.9 percent of kaolin, 9.5 to 9.7 percent of carboxymethyl starch sodium, 31.9 to 32.5 percent of white carbon black, 0.6 to 0.7 percent of butyl naphthalene sulfonate and 0.1 to 0.3 percent of washing powder.

3. The preparation of claim 1, wherein the preparation comprises the following components in parts by weight: 57.7% of kaolin, 9.6% of sodium carboxymethyl starch, 31.8% of white carbon black, 0.6% of sodium butylnaphthalene sulfonate and 0.3% of washing powder.

4. Use of a formulation according to any one of claims 1-3 for the preparation of a solvent for forming a physical protective film on fruit or leaves.

5. A solvent for preparing a physical protective film of fruit fire leaves, which is characterized in that the solvent comprises the preparation of any one of claims 1-3.

6. The solvent of claim 5, wherein the concentration of the formulation of any one of claims 1-3 in the solvent is from 0.1036g/ml to 0.1047g/ml.

7. The solvent of claim 5, wherein the concentration of the formulation of any one of claims 1-3 in the solvent is 0.105g/ml.

8. A method for physical protection of fruit or fruit trees thereof, characterized in that the method is to spray the fruit or fruit trees to be protected with a solvent according to any one of claims 5-7.