CN116217801A - Crosslinked network polymer, preparation method, application and capacitor thereof - Google Patents

Crosslinked network polymer, preparation method, application and capacitor thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116217801A
CN116217801A CN202211668135.6A CN202211668135A CN116217801A CN 116217801 A CN116217801 A CN 116217801A CN 202211668135 A CN202211668135 A CN 202211668135A CN 116217801 A CN116217801 A CN 116217801A
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China
Prior art keywords
monomer
isocyanate
vinylene carbonate
network polymer
functional
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CN202211668135.6A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
赵彬涛
徐金龙
王姣姣
曾涛
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Lishen Qingdao New Energy Co Ltd
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Lishen Qingdao New Energy Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202211668135.6A priority Critical patent/CN116217801A/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F226/00Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen
    • C08F226/02Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen by a single or double bond to nitrogen
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F234/00Copolymers of cyclic compounds having no unsaturated aliphatic radicals in a side chain and having one or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds in a heterocyclic ring
    • C08F234/02Copolymers of cyclic compounds having no unsaturated aliphatic radicals in a side chain and having one or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds in a heterocyclic ring in a ring containing oxygen
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/621Binders
    • H01M4/622Binders being polymers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of lithium batteries, and particularly relates to a crosslinked network polymer, a preparation method and application thereof, and a capacitor. The network polymer is polymerized by vinylene carbonate and functional micromolecular monomer; the functional micromolecule monomer is prepared by reacting an isocyanate monomer containing double bonds and a thiourea monomer containing double bonds. The crosslinked network polymer combines the self-healing function of multiple hydrogen bonds and the high ionic conductivity of vinylene carbonate, and can be applied to different battery scenes through the regulation and control of molecular chain segments. Meanwhile, the thermal polymerization initiation mode is adopted, so that the production is convenient, and the preparation difficulty is reduced.

Description

Crosslinked network polymer, preparation method, application and capacitor thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of lithium batteries, and particularly relates to a crosslinked network polymer, a preparation method and application thereof, and a capacitor.
Background
With the continuous development of lithium ion battery technology, the whole specific energy and the cycle performance of the lithium ion battery are improved year by year, and the application field of the lithium ion battery is gradually expanded to the fields of 3C consumer products, power automobiles and the like which are closely related to life of people. However, in the circulation process, the anode material and the cathode material of the lithium ion battery are expanded to a certain extent, so that microcracks appear on the pole piece, the adhesiveness between the pole piece and the diaphragm is poor, and the internal resistance of the battery is increased. Particularly, in the later period of the cycle, as the electrolyte is consumed, the microcracks inside the battery lead to an increase in the impedance of the battery pole group, which has made the battery unable to operate normally. Therefore, a method capable of dynamically repairing cracks in the battery is developed, and the tight contact of the pole pieces in the battery is ensured in the whole life cycle of the battery.
The self-healing technology is a method for effectively relieving the increase of internal microcracks in the battery circulation process, but the traditional self-healing technology increases the internal impedance of the battery due to the additional self-healing coating, and exerts adverse effect on the overall electrical performance of the battery. How to minimize the increase of the internal resistance of the battery while ensuring self-healing is the key point of current research.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a crosslinked network polymer, and a preparation method, application and a capacitor thereof.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a cross-linked network polymer comprises vinylene carbonate and functional small molecule monomer polymerized; the functional micromolecule monomer is prepared by reacting an isocyanate monomer containing double bonds and a thiourea monomer containing double bonds.
The isocyanate monomer containing double bonds is one or more of ethyl methacrylate, 3-propylene isocyanate, 1-propenyl-2-isocyanate, 3-butenyl isocyanate and 1-pentene-3-isocyanate.
The thiourea monomer containing double bonds is one or more of allylthiourea, diallyl thiourea and 4- (3-allylthiourea) benzamide.
The molar ratio of the isocyanate monomer containing double bonds in the composition of the isocyanate monomer containing double bonds and the thiourea monomer containing double bonds is 30-50%.
The molar ratio of the vinylene carbonate to the vinylene carbonate in the composition of the functional monomer containing double bonds is 20-60%.
The invention also comprises a preparation method of the crosslinked network polymer, which comprises the following steps:
s1: mixing isocyanate containing double bonds with allylthiourea, and reacting under the protection of inert gas to generate a functional micromolecular monomer with a multiple hydrogen bond structure;
s2: uniformly mixing vinylene carbonate, a functional small molecular monomer and an initiator to obtain a polymer solution;
s3: the polymer solution is heated to polymerize.
The mass ratio of the initiator in the polymer solution is 0.5% -1%.
The invention also comprises an application of the crosslinked network polymer as an adhesive for manufacturing a battery, and specifically comprises the following steps of injecting a polymer solution obtained by vinylene carbonate and a functional monomer containing double bonds into a dry cell electrode group, vacuumizing and sealing, and heating for reaction polymerization. The injection amount of the polymer solution is 8g/Ah-10g/Ah, the reaction temperature is 55-75 ℃ and the reaction time is 8-12 h.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the crosslinked network polymer combines the self-healing function of multiple hydrogen bonds and the high ionic conductivity of vinylene carbonate, and can be applied to different battery scenes through the regulation and control of molecular chain segments. Meanwhile, the thermal polymerization initiation mode is adopted, so that the production is convenient, and the preparation difficulty is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic reaction diagram of a functional monomer containing a double bond according to one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic reaction diagram of a crosslinked network polymer according to one embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples for better understanding of the technical solution of the present invention to those skilled in the art.
Example 1: a method of preparing a crosslinked network polymer comprising the steps of: mixing ethyl methacrylate with allylthiourea, and reacting for 12 hours under the protection of nitrogen to generate the functional small molecular monomer with multiple hydrogen bond structures. The molar percentage of isocyanates was 30%.
Uniformly mixing vinylene carbonate, a functional small molecular monomer and an azo initiator to obtain a polymer solution, wherein the vinylene carbonate accounts for 20 mol percent of the polymer solution, and the added initiator accounts for 0.5 mass percent of the whole solution.
And (3) injecting the polymer solution into the dry cell electrode group, then vacuumizing and sealing, and heating for reaction, wherein the amount of the injected polymer solution is 8g/Ah, the reaction temperature is 55 ℃, and the reaction time is 8h.
And then opening the sealed electrode group, injecting 3g/Ah of liquid electrolyte, and forming components to obtain the final battery.
Example 2: a method of preparing a crosslinked network polymer comprising the steps of: mixing ethyl methacrylate with allylthiourea, and reacting for 12 hours under the protection of nitrogen to generate the functional small molecular monomer with multiple hydrogen bond structures. The molar percentage of isocyanates was 30%.
Uniformly mixing vinylene carbonate, a functional micromolecular monomer and an azo initiator to obtain a polymer solution, wherein the vinylene carbonate accounts for 40% of the total solvent in mole percent, and the added initiator accounts for 0.5% of the total solution in mass percent.
And (3) injecting the polymer solution into the dry cell electrode group, vacuumizing and sealing, and heating for reaction, wherein the injected solvent amount is 8g/Ah, the reaction temperature is 55 ℃, and the reaction time is 8h.
And then opening the sealed electrode group, injecting 3g/Ah of liquid electrolyte, and forming components to obtain the final battery.
Example 3: a method of preparing a crosslinked network polymer comprising the steps of: mixing ethyl methacrylate with allylthiourea, and reacting for 12 hours under the protection of nitrogen to generate the functional small molecular monomer with multiple hydrogen bond structures. The molar percentage of isocyanates was 30%.
And uniformly mixing the vinylene carbonate, the functional micromolecular monomer and an azo initiator to obtain a polymer solution, wherein the vinylene carbonate accounts for 60% of the total solvent in mole percent, and the added initiator accounts for 0.5% of the total solvent in mass percent.
And (3) injecting the polymer solution into the dry cell electrode group, vacuumizing and sealing, and heating for reaction, wherein the injected solvent amount is 8g/Ah, the reaction temperature is 55 ℃, and the reaction time is 8h.
And then opening the sealed electrode group, injecting 3g/Ah of liquid electrolyte, and forming components to obtain the final battery.
Example 4: a method of preparing a crosslinked network polymer comprising the steps of: mixing ethyl methacrylate with allylthiourea, and reacting for 12 hours under the protection of nitrogen to generate the functional small molecular monomer with multiple hydrogen bond structures. The molar percentage of isocyanates was 40%.
Uniformly mixing vinylene carbonate, a functional micromolecular monomer and an azo initiator to obtain a polymer solution, wherein the vinylene carbonate accounts for 40% of the total solvent in mole percent, and the added initiator accounts for 0.75% of the total solution in mass percent.
And (3) injecting the polymer solution into the dry cell electrode group, then vacuumizing and sealing, and heating for reaction, wherein the injected solvent amount is 9g/Ah, the reaction temperature is 65 ℃, and the reaction time is 10h.
And then opening the sealed electrode group, injecting 3g/Ah of liquid electrolyte, and forming components to obtain the final battery.
Example 5: a method of preparing a crosslinked network polymer comprising the steps of: mixing ethyl methacrylate with allylthiourea, and reacting for 12 hours under the protection of nitrogen to generate the functional small molecular monomer with multiple hydrogen bond structures. The molar percentage of isocyanates was 50%.
Uniformly mixing vinylene carbonate, a functional micromolecular monomer and an azo initiator to obtain a polymer solution, wherein the vinylene carbonate accounts for 60% of the total solvent in mole percent, and the added initiator accounts for 1% of the total solution in mass percent.
And (3) injecting the polymer solution into the dry cell electrode group, vacuumizing and sealing, and heating for reaction, wherein the injected solvent amount is 10g/Ah, the reaction temperature is 75 ℃, and the reaction time is 12h.
And then opening the sealed electrode group, injecting 3g/Ah of liquid electrolyte, and forming components to obtain the final battery.
Example 6: example 6 differs from example 2 in that the functional small molecule monomer differs in the reaction raw materials, specifically including: mixing 3-propylene isocyanate with diallyl thiourea, and reacting for 12 hours under the protection of nitrogen to generate the functional small molecular monomer with multiple hydrogen bond structures. The molar percentage of isocyanates was 50%.
Uniformly mixing vinylene carbonate, a functional micromolecular monomer and an azo initiator to obtain a polymer solution, wherein the vinylene carbonate accounts for 40% of the total solvent in mole percent, and the added initiator accounts for 0.75% of the total solution in mass percent.
And (3) injecting the polymer solution into the dry cell electrode group, then vacuumizing and sealing, and heating for reaction, wherein the injected solvent amount is 9g/Ah, the reaction temperature is 65 ℃, and the reaction time is 10h.
And then opening the sealed electrode group, injecting 4g/Ah of liquid electrolyte, and forming components to obtain the final battery.
Example 7: example 7 differs from example 2 in that the functional small molecule monomer differs in the reaction raw materials, specifically including: mixing 1-propenyl-2-isocyanate and 4- (3-allylthiourea) benzamide, and reacting for 12 hours under the protection of nitrogen to generate the functional small molecular monomer with multiple hydrogen bond structures. The molar percentage of isocyanates was 50%.
Uniformly mixing vinylene carbonate, a functional micromolecular monomer and an azo initiator to obtain a polymer solution, wherein the vinylene carbonate accounts for 40% of the total solvent in mole percent, and the added initiator accounts for 0.75% of the total solution in mass percent.
And (3) injecting the polymer solution into the dry cell electrode group, then vacuumizing and sealing, and heating for reaction, wherein the injected solvent amount is 9g/Ah, the reaction temperature is 65 ℃, and the reaction time is 10h.
And then opening the sealed electrode group, injecting 4g/Ah of liquid electrolyte, and forming components to obtain the final battery.
Example 8: example 8 differs from example 2 in that the functional small molecule monomer differs in the reaction raw materials, specifically including: mixing 1-pentene-3-isocyanate with allylthiourea, and reacting for 12 hours under the protection of nitrogen to generate the functional micromolecular monomer with multiple hydrogen bond structures. The molar percentage of isocyanates was 50%.
Uniformly mixing vinylene carbonate, a functional micromolecular monomer and an azo initiator to obtain a polymer solution, wherein the vinylene carbonate accounts for 40% of the total solvent in mole percent, and the added initiator accounts for 0.75% of the total solution in mass percent.
And (3) injecting the polymer solution into the dry cell electrode group, then vacuumizing and sealing, and heating for reaction, wherein the injected solvent amount is 9g/Ah, the reaction temperature is 65 ℃, and the reaction time is 10h.
And then opening the sealed electrode group, injecting 4g/Ah of liquid electrolyte, and forming components to obtain the final battery.
Table 1 shows the internal resistance and cycle capacity retention rate changes of the batteries of the different embodiments
TABLE 1
Project Internal resistance (mΩ) Capacity retention after 500 cycles 1C/1C cycle (%)
Example 1 4.52 93.5%
Example 2 4.21 93.8%
Example 3 4.11 94.0%
Example 4 4.13 93.8%
Example 5 4.15 94.0%
Example 6 4.16 93.6%
Example 7 4.15 93.3%
Example 8 4.22 93.2%
From the above results, it can be seen that the crosslinked network polymer combines the self-healing function of multiple hydrogen bonds and the high ionic conductivity of vinylene carbonate, and can be applied to different battery scenes through the regulation and control of molecular chain segments. Meanwhile, the thermal polymerization initiation mode is adopted, so that the production is convenient, and the preparation difficulty is reduced.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A cross-linked network polymer is characterized by comprising vinylene carbonate and a functional small molecular monomer which are polymerized; the functional micromolecule monomer is prepared by reacting an isocyanate monomer containing double bonds and a thiourea monomer containing double bonds.
2. The crosslinked polymer according to claim 1, wherein the double bond-containing isocyanate monomer is one or more of ethyl methacrylate, 3-propylene isocyanate, 1-propenyl-2-isocyanate, 3-butenyl isocyanate, and 1-pentene-3-isocyanate.
3. The crosslinked polymer according to claim 1, wherein the thiourea monomer having a double bond is one or more of allylthiourea, diallylthiourea and 4- (3-allylthiourea) benzamide.
4. The crosslinked network polymer according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the double bond-containing isocyanate-based monomer to the double bond-containing thiourea monomer in the composition is 30 to 50%.
5. The crosslinked network polymer of claim 1 wherein the molar ratio of vinylene carbonate to vinylene carbonate in the composition of functional monomers containing double bonds is 20-60%.
6. A method of preparing a crosslinked network polymer according to any one of claims 1-5, comprising the steps of:
s1: mixing isocyanate containing double bonds with allylthiourea, and reacting under the protection of inert gas to generate a functional micromolecular monomer with a multiple hydrogen bond structure;
s2: uniformly mixing vinylene carbonate, a functional small molecular monomer and an initiator to obtain a polymer solution;
s3: the polymer solution is heated to polymerize.
7. The method for producing a crosslinked network polymer according to claim 6, wherein the mass ratio of the initiator in the polymer solution is 0.5% to 1%.
8. Use of a crosslinked network polymer according to any one of claims 1-5 as a binder for a battery.
9. The use of crosslinked network polymer according to claim 8, comprising the steps of injecting a polymer solution of vinylene carbonate and a functional small molecule monomer into a dry cell electrode group, vacuum sealing, heating for polymerization, preferably the injection amount of the polymer solution is 8g/Ah-10g/Ah, the reaction temperature is 55-75 ℃, the reaction time is 8-12 h, preferably the reaction temperature is 65 ℃, and the reaction time is 10h.
10. A capacitor comprising the battery according to claim 8 or 9.
CN202211668135.6A 2022-12-23 2022-12-23 Crosslinked network polymer, preparation method, application and capacitor thereof Pending CN116217801A (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2003109594A (en) * 2001-10-01 2003-04-11 Showa Denko Kk Electrode material, manufacturing method of the same, electrode for battery using the same, and battery using the electrode
CN105524285A (en) * 2014-10-21 2016-04-27 浙江大学 Thiourea-containing dendritic polymer and thiourea-containing hyperbranched polymer, preparation method and application thereof
CN105826603A (en) * 2016-04-06 2016-08-03 中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所 Vinylene carbonate-based lithium ion battery polymer electrolyte and preparation method as well as application thereof
CN111234105A (en) * 2020-01-20 2020-06-05 珠海冠宇电池有限公司 Vinylene carbonate modified binder and lithium ion battery containing same

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2003109594A (en) * 2001-10-01 2003-04-11 Showa Denko Kk Electrode material, manufacturing method of the same, electrode for battery using the same, and battery using the electrode
CN105524285A (en) * 2014-10-21 2016-04-27 浙江大学 Thiourea-containing dendritic polymer and thiourea-containing hyperbranched polymer, preparation method and application thereof
CN105826603A (en) * 2016-04-06 2016-08-03 中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所 Vinylene carbonate-based lithium ion battery polymer electrolyte and preparation method as well as application thereof
CN111234105A (en) * 2020-01-20 2020-06-05 珠海冠宇电池有限公司 Vinylene carbonate modified binder and lithium ion battery containing same

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