CN116206518A - Ground simulation device and method for interaction of interplanetary magnetic field and earth magnetic field - Google Patents
Ground simulation device and method for interaction of interplanetary magnetic field and earth magnetic field Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A ground simulation device and a ground simulation method for interaction of an inter-planet magnetic field and an earth magnetic field belong to the technical field of ground simulation of a space environment. The device comprises a vacuum chamber, a coil simulating a planetary magnetic field, a coil simulating solar wind plasma, a coil simulating an earth magnetic field and a plasma source simulating earth magnetic layer plasma, wherein the coil simulating the planetary magnetic field, the coil simulating the solar wind plasma, the coil simulating the earth magnetic field and the plasma source simulating the earth magnetic layer plasma are arranged in the vacuum chamber; the coil simulating the interplanetary magnetic field consists of a group of annular coils; the coil for simulating solar wind plasma consists of a group of circular spiral coils; the coil simulating the earth magnetic field is circular, and a magnetic field approaching to an ideal dipole magnetic field is generated outside the coil so as to simulate the dipole magnetic field of the earth; the plasma source simulating the earth magnetic layer plasma is used for generating plasma simulating the earth magnetic layer plasma. The invention more fully simulates the large-scale characteristics of the interaction of the interplanetary magnetic field and the earth magnetic field, and satisfies the physical similarity calibration relation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ground simulation of space environment, and particularly relates to a ground simulation device and method for interaction of an inter-planet magnetic field and an earth magnetic field.
Background
The sun is throwing hypersonic plasma outwards at every moment, called solar wind. Solar wind is a fully ionized plasma in which the magnetic field generated by the sun is carried. The solar magnetic field is thrown into the wide inter-planetary space along with solar wind to form an inter-planetary magnetic field. When the sun wind moves to the earth, the earth's magnetic field interacts with the sun wind and forms a layer of earth magnetic around the earth that will block most of the sun wind particles from penetrating the earth. However, on top of the earth's magnetic layer, the interplanetary magnetic field carried by the solar wind will be re-linked to the earth's magnetic field, so that the energy and matter of the solar wind are coupled into the earth's magnetic layer, causing explosive spatial phenomena such as earth's magnetic storm and magnetic layer sub-storm. These explosive phenomena can interfere with, and even pose serious harm to, human aerospace activities, power grids, and communication networks. Therefore, the research on the interaction of the planetary magnetic field and the earth magnetic field has important significance, on one hand, the method can improve the understanding of the basic physical process of the space plasma, on the other hand, the method can improve the capacity of predicting the space weather of human beings and ensure the safety of aerospace activities.
Currently, great effort has been made in the study of the interaction of the interplanetary magnetic field with the earth's magnetic field. However, limited by the limitations of satellite observation and theoretical models, there are still many key problems that remain unsolved, such as what the kinematic mechanism of the interplanetary magnetic field and the earth magnetic field are in a reconnection at which position, the top-reconnection of the non-collisionless magnetic layer, what the magnetic zero structure of the three-dimensional magnetic reconnection is and the dynamics process in the vicinity thereof. To solve these problems, simulation studies of spatial plasma phenomenon have been started in a surface laboratory. Compared with satellite observation, the ground simulation has remarkable advantages in the aspects of repeatability, multi-point measurement, simultaneous measurement, controllability and the like, and the research result of the ground simulation can guide satellite observation. However, the existing ground simulation device for interaction of the inter-planet magnetic field and the earth magnetic field is either small in spatial scale (such as UCR-T1 device for division of the riverside in the university of California) and cannot meet the requirement of physical similarity calibration, or can only simulate a two-dimensional configuration (such as MRX device of the university of Prins) and cannot simulate a three-dimensional configuration for interaction of the inter-planet magnetic field and the earth magnetic field. Therefore, in order to more sufficiently simulate the interaction between the interplanetary magnetic field and the earth magnetic field on the ground, it is necessary to propose a simulation method of the interaction between the interplanetary magnetic field and the earth magnetic field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a ground simulation device and a ground simulation method for interaction of an inter-planet magnetic field and an earth magnetic field, which are used for solving the problems that the existing simulation device for interaction of the inter-planet magnetic field and the earth magnetic field is small in spatial scale and cannot simulate the three-dimensional characteristics of interaction.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the device comprises a vacuum chamber, a coil for simulating the interplanetary magnetic field, a coil for simulating solar wind plasma, a coil for simulating the earth magnetic field and a plasma source for simulating the earth magnetic layer plasma, wherein the coil for simulating the interplanetary magnetic field, the coil for simulating the solar wind plasma, the coil for simulating the earth magnetic field and the plasma source for simulating the earth magnetic layer plasma are arranged in the vacuum chamber; the vacuum chamber is cylindrical, and the diameter is larger than 5m;
defining a vertical direction as a coordinate axis Z, an axial direction of the vacuum chamber as a coordinate axis X, directions perpendicular to the coordinate axes Z and X as a coordinate axis Y, and a center of a coil simulating an earth magnetic field as a coordinate origin.
The coil simulating the interplanetary magnetic field consists of a group of annular coils, generates a polar magnetic field, and utilizes the magnetic field outside the coils when simulating the interplanetary magnetic field; the axis of the coil simulating the inter-planetary magnetic field is parallel to the coordinate axis Z, the coil simulating the inter-planetary magnetic field is distributed symmetrically up and down about the middle plane of the vacuum chamber, and the coil simulating the inter-planetary magnetic field is symmetrical about the plane where the coordinate axis X, Z is located;
the coil simulating solar wind plasma consists of a group of circular ring spiral coils and is used for generating solar wind simulating plasma around the coil simulating the inter-planetary magnetic field;
the coil simulating the earth magnetic field is circular, and a magnetic field approaching to an ideal dipole magnetic field is generated outside the coil so as to simulate the dipole magnetic field of the earth;
the plasma source simulating the earth magnetic layer plasma consists of an anode ring and a cathode grid mesh and is used for generating the plasma simulating the earth magnetic layer plasma.
Further, in order to simulate the interaction of the south/north inter-planetary magnetic field with the earth magnetic field, the axis of the coil simulating the earth magnetic field is parallel to the axis of the coil simulating the inter-planetary magnetic field; meanwhile, the distance between the center of the coil simulating the earth magnetic field and the axis of the coil simulating the inter-satellite magnetic field is 2.5 m-3 m so as to adjust the magnetic field configuration simulating the interaction of the inter-satellite magnetic field and the earth magnetic field.
Further, the coil simulating the interplanetary magnetic field needs to generate a magnetic field with adjustable magnetic induction intensity of 100G-200G at a position 1.5m away from the center of the coil simulating the earth magnetic field, and the coil simulating the earth magnetic field needs to generate a magnetic field with adjustable magnetic induction intensity of 200G-400G at a position 1.5m away from the center.
Further, the density of the plasma generated by the coil simulating solar wind plasma is more than 10 12 cm -3 The electron temperature is 5-10 eV, and the density of the plasma generated by the plasma source simulating the earth magnetic layer plasma is more than 10 11 cm -3 The electron temperature is about 5-10 eV.
Further, in order to simulate interactions of the interplanetary magnetic fields in different directions with the earth's magnetic field, coils simulating the earth's magnetic field may be rotated about coordinate axes X and Y, respectively.
A ground simulation method for interaction of an interplanetary magnetic field and an earth magnetic field by utilizing the device comprises the following steps:
step one: establishing background vacuum in the vacuum chamber, wherein the air pressure of the background vacuum is required to be less than 10 -4 Pa；
Step two: injecting a working gas of plasma into the vacuum chamber to make the pressure of the vacuum chamber reach a target pressure of 10 -2 Pa-1 Pa is adjustable, and a piezoelectric ceramic valve is used for adjusting target air pressure so as to adjust the density of the plasma; the working gas is one of hydrogen, helium or argon;
step three: the coil simulating the earth magnetic field is used for establishing the simulated earth magnetic field through pulse current, and simultaneously, a plasma source simulating magnetic layer plasma is electrified to generate the simulated magnetic layer plasma;
step four: the simulated inter-planet magnetic field and the simulated solar wind plasma are generated by pulse current through coils of the simulated inter-planet magnetic field and the simulated solar wind, and along with the rising of the pulse current, the simulated solar wind moves to the simulated earth magnetic field under the pressure of the simulated inter-planet magnetic field, and meanwhile, the simulated inter-planet magnetic field and the simulated earth magnetic field are in magnetic field reconnection.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention more fully simulates the large-scale characteristics of the interaction of the interplanetary magnetic field and the earth magnetic field, and satisfies the physical similarity calibration relation;
(2) The three-dimensional characteristic simulation of the interaction of the interplanetary magnetic field and the earth magnetic field is realized, and the simulation research of the three-dimensional asymmetric magnetic reconnection of the earth magnetic layer top can be further developed.
(3) The interaction simulation of the inter-planetary magnetic fields in different directions and the earth magnetic field is realized, so that the influence research of the direction of the inter-planetary magnetic field on the top magnetic reconnection of the earth magnetic layer can be carried out.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of example 2;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of example 3;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of example 4;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of example 5;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of example 6;
the solar energy power generation device comprises a vacuum chamber 1, a planetary magnetic field simulating coil 2, an earth magnetic field simulating coil 3, a solar wind plasma simulating coil 4, an anode ring 5, a cathode grid 6 and an antenna 7.
Detailed Description
The following description of the present invention refers to the accompanying drawings and examples, but is not limited to the same, and modifications and equivalents of the present invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Interplanetary magnetic field: the magnetic field is carried by the solar wind and dispersed between the planets in the solar system. The earth's magnetic field: the earth has an intrinsic magnetic field which is dipole. And (3) ground simulation: the physical quantities in space are transformed to a laboratory by similarity scaling, where the physical phenomena in space are studied in simulation.
The principle of generating plasma by the coil simulating solar wind plasma is as follows: pulse current is introduced into a coil simulating solar wind plasma, and in the rising stage of the pulse current, an annular magnetic field is generated inside the coil simulating the solar wind plasma, an electric field is induced around the coil by the annular magnetic field, and gas is ionized to generate plasma under the action of the induced electric field. The plasma source simulating the earth magnetic layer plasma consists of an anode ring and a cathode grid mesh, and is used for generating the plasma simulating the earth magnetic layer plasma, and the principle of generating the plasma is as follows: high-voltage pulse is applied between the anode ring and the cathode grid mesh, and under the action of a strong electric field, the gas is ionized to generate plasma.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, a device for simulating interaction of an inter-planetary magnetic field and an earth magnetic field comprises a vacuum chamber 1, a coil 2 for simulating the inter-planetary magnetic field, a coil 4 for simulating solar wind plasma, a coil 3 for simulating the earth magnetic field and a plasma source for simulating earth magnetic layer plasma;
the coil 2 simulating the inter-satellite magnetic field, the coil 4 simulating solar wind plasma, the coil 3 simulating the earth magnetic field and the plasma source simulating the earth magnetic layer plasma are all positioned in the vacuum chamber 1, and the vacuum chamber 1 is cylindrical and has a diameter larger than 5m.
The vertical direction is defined as a coordinate axis Z, the axis direction of the vacuum chamber 1 is a coordinate axis X, the directions perpendicular to the coordinate axes Z and X are coordinate axes Y, the center of the coil 3 simulating the earth magnetic field is the origin of coordinates, the coordinate system is defined to follow the convention of the GSM (global center solar wind) coordinate system, and the planes in which the coordinate axes X and Y are defined as the midplane of the vacuum chamber.
The coil 2 simulating the inter-planetary magnetic field is composed of a set of circular coils, generates a polar magnetic field, and uses a magnetic field outside the coils when simulating the inter-planetary magnetic field. The axis of the coil 2 simulating the inter-planetary magnetic field is parallel to the coordinate axis Z, and the coil 2 simulating the inter-planetary magnetic field is distributed symmetrically up and down with respect to the mid-plane of the vacuum chamber, while the coil 2 simulating the inter-planetary magnetic field is symmetrical with respect to the plane in which the coordinate axis X, Z is located.
The coil 3 simulating the earth magnetic field is circular, and a magnetic field approaching to an ideal dipole magnetic field is generated outside the coil to simulate the earth dipole magnetic field. The solar wind plasma simulating coil 4 is composed of a set of circular spiral coils for generating solar wind simulating plasma around the interplanetary magnetic field simulating coil. The principle of generating plasma by the coil 4 simulating solar wind plasma is as follows: pulse current is introduced into the coil 4 simulating solar wind plasma, and in the rising stage of the pulse current, an annular magnetic field is generated inside the coil 4 simulating solar wind plasma, an electric field is induced around the coil by the annular magnetic field, and the gas is ionized to generate plasma under the action of the induced electric field. The plasma source simulating the earth magnetic layer plasma consists of an anode ring and a cathode grid mesh, and is used for generating the plasma simulating the earth magnetic layer plasma, and the principle of generating the plasma is as follows: high-voltage pulse is applied between the anode ring and the cathode grid mesh, and under the action of a strong electric field, the gas is ionized to generate plasma.
In order to simulate the interaction of the north/south interplanetary magnetic field with the earth's magnetic field, the axis of the coil 3 simulating the earth's magnetic field is parallel to the axis of the coil 2 simulating the interplanetary magnetic field. Meanwhile, the distance between the center of the coil 3 simulating the earth magnetic field and the axis of the coil 2 simulating the inter-planetary magnetic field is adjustable within 2.5 m-3 m so as to adjust the magnetic field configuration simulating the interaction of the inter-planetary magnetic field and the earth magnetic field.
The coil 2 simulating the interplanetary magnetic field needs to generate a magnetic field with adjustable magnetic induction intensity of 100G-200G at a position 1.5m away from the center of the coil 3 simulating the earth magnetic field, and the coil 3 simulating the earth magnetic field needs to be positioned at a distance from the centerA200G-400G adjustable magnetic field is generated at the position of the center 1.5 m. The density of the plasma generated by the coil 4 for simulating solar wind plasma is required to be more than 10 12 cm -3 The electron temperature is 5-10 eV, and the density of the plasma generated by the plasma source simulating the earth magnetic layer plasma is required to be more than 10 11 cm -3 The electron temperature is about 5-10 eV.
In order to simulate the interaction of the interplanetary magnetic fields in different directions with the earth's magnetic field, the coils simulating the earth's magnetic field can be rotated about coordinate axes Y and X, respectively.
The simulation method for the interaction between the inter-planet magnetic field and the earth magnetic field comprises the following steps:
step (1): establishing background vacuum in the vacuum chamber, wherein the air pressure of the background vacuum is required to be less than 10 -4 Pa。
Step (2): injecting a working gas of plasma into the vacuum chamber to make the pressure of the vacuum chamber reach a target pressure of 10 -2 Pa-1 Pa is adjustable, and a piezoelectric ceramic valve is used for adjusting target air pressure so as to adjust the density of the plasma. The working gas may be hydrogen, helium or argon.
Step (3): the coil simulating the earth magnetic field is used for establishing the simulated earth magnetic field through pulse current, and simultaneously, a plasma source simulating magnetic layer plasma is electrified to generate the simulated magnetic layer plasma.
Step (4): the coil simulating the inter-planetary magnetic field and simulating solar wind plasma passes through pulse current to generate simulated inter-planetary magnetic field and solar wind. Along with the rising of the pulse current, the simulated solar wind moves to the simulated earth magnetic field under the pressure of the simulated inter-planet magnetic field, and meanwhile, the simulated inter-planet magnetic field and the simulated earth magnetic field are in magnetic field reconnection.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 2, referring to example 1, the coil 3 simulating the earth magnetic field is rotated around the Y axis to simulate its interaction with the earth magnetic field when the inter-planetary magnetic field has an X-direction component. In a practical space environment, the direction of the inter-planetary magnetic field is dynamically changed, and the direction of the earth dipole magnetic field is relatively fixed. In the ground simulation method for interaction of the inter-satellite magnetic field and the earth magnetic field, the relative relation between the inter-satellite magnetic field and the earth magnetic field is changed by changing the direction of the simulated earth dipole magnetic field, so that the influence of the direction of the inter-satellite magnetic field on the interaction of the inter-satellite magnetic field and the earth magnetic field is studied.
Example 3:
as shown in fig. 3, referring to example 1, a coil 3 simulating the earth magnetic field is rotated around the X-axis to simulate its interaction with the earth magnetic field in the presence of the Y-direction component of the interplanetary magnetic field.
Example 4:
as shown in fig. 4, referring to example 1, the plasma source simulating the earth magnetic layer plasma was replaced with an electron cyclotron resonance plasma source, which injects microwaves into the simulated earth dipole magnetic field through the antenna 7, and generates plasma at the electron cyclotron resonance plane to simulate the earth magnetic layer plasma.
Example 5:
referring to example 1, as shown in fig. 5, the coil 2 simulating the inter-planetary magnetic field is replaced with a set of stacked circular coils, and the coil 4 embodying a solar wind plasma is removed. In this embodiment, the plasma simulating solar wind is generated by the coil 2 simulating the interplanetary magnetic field. The pulse current passes through the coil 2 simulating the inter-planetary magnetic field, and along with the rising of the pulse current, the magnetic field generated by the coil 2 simulating the inter-planetary magnetic field induces voltage around the coil, so that the gas around the coil is ionized to generate plasma.
Example 6:
as shown in fig. 6, referring to example 5, the plasma source simulating the earth magnetic layer plasma was replaced with an electron cyclotron resonance plasma source, which injects microwaves into the simulated earth dipole magnetic field through the antenna 7, and generates plasma at the electron cyclotron resonance plane to simulate the earth magnetic layer plasma.
Coil simulating the interplanetary magnetic field: in examples 1 to 6, the coil simulating the interplanetary magnetic field was fixed to a support leg, which was parallel to the axis of the coil, passed out of the vacuum chamber, and fixed to a bracket connected to the vacuum chamber. The up-and-down movement of the coil simulating the interplanetary magnetic field is achieved by moving the support legs up and down. In examples 5 and 6, coils simulating the interplanetary magnetic field were stacked together, the bottom of the coils being fixed to a base, the base being fixed to the foundation through a vacuum chamber. In examples 5 and 6, the coil simulating the interplanetary magnetic field does not move.
Coil simulating earth magnetic field: the coil simulating the earth dipole magnetic field is connected with the spherical hinge through the cross-shaped supporting frame, the spherical hinge is fixed on the upright post, the upright post is fixed on the sliding rail, the sliding rail is arranged along the axis of the vacuum chamber, the sliding rail is fixed on the base, and the base passes through the vacuum chamber and is fixed on the foundation. The coil simulating the earth magnetic field rotates through the spherical hinge, and meanwhile, the coil can move along the axis direction of the vacuum chamber on the slide rail along with the upright post.
The positions of the cathode grid mesh and the anode ring on the device are different from those of the antenna, the cathode grid mesh and the anode ring can be simultaneously arranged on the device, when one of the cathode grid mesh and the anode ring works, the other cathode grid mesh and the anode ring are in a power-off state, the cathode grid mesh and the anode ring do not need to be disassembled, and the replacement operation is convenient to realize.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a ground analogue means of interplanetary magnetic field and earth magnetic field interaction which characterized in that: the device comprises a vacuum chamber (1), a coil simulating a planetary magnetic field, a coil simulating solar wind plasma, a coil simulating an earth magnetic field (3) and a plasma source simulating earth magnetic layer plasma, wherein the coil simulating the planetary magnetic field, the coil simulating the solar wind plasma, the coil simulating the earth magnetic field and the plasma source simulating the earth magnetic layer plasma are arranged in the vacuum chamber (1);
the coil simulating the interplanetary magnetic field consists of a group of annular coils, generates a polar magnetic field, and utilizes the magnetic field outside the coils when simulating the interplanetary magnetic field; the axis of the coil simulating the inter-planetary magnetic field is parallel to the coordinate axis Z, the coil simulating the inter-planetary magnetic field is distributed symmetrically up and down about the middle plane of the vacuum chamber, and the coil simulating the inter-planetary magnetic field is symmetrical about the plane where the coordinate axis X, Z is located;
the coil simulating solar wind plasma consists of a group of circular ring spiral coils and is used for generating solar wind simulating plasma around the coil simulating the inter-planetary magnetic field;
the coil (3) simulating the earth magnetic field is in a circular ring shape, and a magnetic field approaching to an ideal dipole magnetic field is generated outside the coil so as to simulate the dipole magnetic field of the earth;
the plasma source simulating the earth magnetic layer plasma is used for generating plasma simulating the earth magnetic layer plasma.
2. A ground simulation device for interaction of an interplanetary magnetic field with the earth's magnetic field as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the axis of the coil (3) simulating the earth magnetic field is parallel to the axis of the coil simulating the interplanetary magnetic field; the distance between the center of the coil (3) simulating the earth magnetic field and the axis of the coil simulating the interplanetary magnetic field is 2.5 m-3 m.
3. A ground simulation device for interaction of an interplanetary magnetic field with the earth's magnetic field as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the coil simulating the interplanetary magnetic field needs to generate a magnetic field with adjustable magnetic induction intensity of 100G-200G at a position 1.5m away from the center of the coil (3) simulating the earth magnetic field, and the coil (3) simulating the earth magnetic field needs to generate a magnetic field with adjustable magnetic induction intensity of 200G-400G at a position 1.5m away from the center.
4. A ground simulation device for interaction of an interplanetary magnetic field with the earth's magnetic field as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the density of the plasma generated by the coil simulating solar wind plasma is more than 10 12 cm -3 The electron temperature is 5-10 eV, and the density of the plasma generated by the plasma source simulating the earth magnetic layer plasma is more than 10 11 cm -3 The electron temperature is about 5-10 eV.
5. A ground simulation device for interaction of an interplanetary magnetic field with the earth's magnetic field as set forth in claim 1, wherein: in order to simulate the interaction of the interplanetary magnetic fields in different directions with the earth's magnetic field, the coils simulating the earth's magnetic field can be rotated about coordinate axes X and Y, respectively.
6. A ground simulation method for interaction of an interplanetary magnetic field with the earth magnetic field by means of the device according to any one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step one: establishing background vacuum in the vacuum chamber, wherein the air pressure of the background vacuum is required to be less than 10 -4 Pa；
Step two: injecting a working gas of plasma into the vacuum chamber to make the pressure of the vacuum chamber reach a target pressure of 10 -2 Pa-1 Pa is adjustable, and a piezoelectric ceramic valve is used for adjusting target air pressure so as to adjust the density of the plasma; the working gas is one of hydrogen, helium or argon;
step three: the coil simulating the earth magnetic field is used for establishing the simulated earth magnetic field through pulse current, and simultaneously, a plasma source simulating magnetic layer plasma is electrified to generate the simulated magnetic layer plasma;
step four: the simulated inter-planet magnetic field and the simulated solar wind plasma are generated by pulse current through coils of the simulated inter-planet magnetic field and the simulated solar wind, and along with the rising of the pulse current, the simulated solar wind moves to the simulated earth magnetic field under the pressure of the simulated inter-planet magnetic field, and meanwhile, the simulated inter-planet magnetic field and the simulated earth magnetic field are in magnetic field reconnection.
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