CN116204576B - Method and system for generating GTFS format data by public transportation data - Google Patents
Method and system for generating GTFS format data by public transportation data Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for generating GTFS format data by public traffic data, comprising the following steps: acquiring public traffic data to be converted; determining arrival time data of the target bus according to the public transportation data; and carrying out format conversion and unification on the public transportation data and the arrival time data, and constructing a public transportation data file in a GTFS format. The invention adopts a mode of fusing multi-source big data to acquire public traffic data, solves the problem of converting the public traffic data into GTFS data, realizes the matching of the bus running track and the urban road, and has lower difficulty in acquiring the required source data. The invention carries out road matching on the bus track, and calculates arrival and departure time of different stations of the bus by utilizing the average running speed of the vehicles at different moments of the urban road based on the acquired bus departure plan. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the required data size is small, and the method comprises line information, site information and departure plans.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of road track analysis and data format conversion, in particular to a method and a system for generating GTFS format data by using public transportation data.
Background
The general public transportation data standard (GTFS, general Transit Feed Specification) is proposed by Google corporation and is a public transportation data storage mode which is widely applied at present. A complete set of GTFS data consists of a series of text with commas as separators, each set of text files containing a complete public transportation system information. The necessary text files include public transportation information (agency. Txt), stops (stops. Txt), routes (route. Txt), number of cars (trics. Txt), tracks (shapes. Txt), arrival time (stop_times. Txt) and operation calendar (calendar. Txt); other text files are selectable items including fare, fare rules, frequency and transfer, etc. The data set takes a public transportation schedule as a core and contains information such as an operation unit, a bus line trend, stations, station spacing and the like.
The GTFS data set has wide application due to the characteristics of open source, standardization and easy acquisition. Currently, public transportation analysis tools use GTFS data as bottom data for analysis, for example: the traffic planning and demand forecasting software TransCAD utilizes the GTFS data to generate a public transportation line network, and utilizes the GTFS data to conduct network analysis and the like in the drawing software ArcGIS Pro, so that excellent open source projects which are respectively built on the basis of the GTFS data, such as path analysis open source projects Open Trip Planner, public transportation path inquiring software One Bus Away and the like, are available abroad, and have good effects, but in general, the GTFS data specification is not effectively popularized and applied at home and abroad.
However, no channel for providing the GTFS format bus data is disclosed in China, and each map service provider does not directly provide the GTFS data or the downloading mode of the GTFS. Although each map service platform and government data open platform in China provide various public transportation information acquisition modes, such as bus route trend, station position, route, station name and the like. However, the diverse data storage formats, the codes, and the naming of the same entity are not uniform, making public transportation information difficult to further use.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the above-described technology. Therefore, the invention aims to provide a data format conversion method for finely converting public traffic data in different formats which can be acquired in China into a GTFS data set and simultaneously matching a bus running track with an urban road so as to acquire travel data and analyze traffic conditions in a research range, and aims to solve the problem of 'island' of public traffic information generated by cross-regional application of the public traffic data and a management system for dividing strips.
In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides a method for generating GTFS format data for generating public transportation data, including:
acquiring public traffic data to be converted;
determining arrival time data of the target bus according to the public transportation data;
and carrying out format conversion and unification on the public transportation data and the arrival time data, and constructing a public transportation data file in a GTFS format.
Preferably, the public transportation data file includes: bus institution text file, operation calendar text file, train number text file, path text file, track text file, station text file and arrival time text file.
Preferably, the obtaining sources of the public transportation data to be converted include: government public information platform, subway company and open source map community.
Preferably, before determining the arrival time data of the destination bus according to the public transportation data, the method further comprises: carrying out data cleaning on the public transportation data to be converted and carrying out integrated checking on the public transportation data of different sources, wherein,
the public transportation data integration and check of different acquisition sources comprises the following steps:
extracting bus line data from the public transportation data, decomposing the bus line data into uplink bus line data and downlink bus line data, and carrying out differentiated coding on the uplink bus line data and the downlink bus line data;
and updating the information coding mode and the information naming mode in the public transportation data of different sources, so that the information coding mode and the information naming mode of the public transportation data of different sources on the same public transportation information are consistent.
Preferably, determining the arrival time data of the target bus according to the public transportation data includes:
matching the bus route track in the public transportation data with the road section speed data in the urban road network data;
and calculating the inter-station travel time of the target bus between bus stops based on the bus route tracks between bus stops, and calculating the arrival/departure time data according to the inter-station travel time and a departure plan of the target bus.
Preferably, the matching of the bus route track in the public traffic data with the road section speed data in the urban road network data includes:
converting the bus route track into a route track point;
acquiring road network data corresponding to the public traffic data, and extracting road track points and road section speed data from the road network data;
and matching the line track point with the road track point closest to the line track point, and taking the road section speed data corresponding to the road track point as the road section speed data of the line track point matched with the road track point.
Preferably, calculating the inter-station travel time of the target bus between bus stops based on the bus route track between bus stops includes:
acquiring a line track point set between bus stops, and calculating the Euclidean distance of every two adjacent line track points in the line track point set;
and calculating the running time of the target bus at each two adjacent route track points according to the Euclidean distance and the average running speed of the target bus between each two adjacent route track points, and summing to obtain the inter-station running time.
Preferably, the average running speed is determined by the following method:
acquiring the instantaneous speed of the target bus when the target bus reaches a line track point at one side of an initiating station in two adjacent line track points;
calculating the product of the instantaneous speed and a preset speed correction coefficient;
and taking the product as the average running speed.
Preferably, the method for determining the arrival time data further includes: and determining the arrival time data of the target bus according to the GPS data of the target bus.
The second aspect of the present invention discloses a system for generating GTFS format data from public transportation data, comprising:
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring public traffic data to be converted;
the data operation module is used for determining the arrival time data of the target bus according to the public transportation data;
and the data conversion module is used for carrying out format conversion and unification on the public transportation data and the arrival time data and constructing a public transportation data file in a GTFS format.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention adopts a mode of fusing multi-source big data to acquire public traffic data, solves the problem of converting the public traffic data into GTFS data, realizes the matching of the bus running track and the urban road, and has lower difficulty in acquiring the required source data.
2. The invention carries out road matching on the bus track, and calculates arrival and departure time of different stations of the bus by utilizing the average running speed of the vehicles at different moments of the urban road based on the acquired bus departure plan. Compared with the prior art, the required data volume is relatively small, and the data volume comprises line information, station information and departure plans.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail through the drawings and the embodiments.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the invention and together with the embodiments of the invention, serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method of generating GTFS format data for public transportation data generation;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the correspondence between GTFS format data and public transportation data;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a process for matching a line trace point in public transportation data with a road trace point in road network data;
FIG. 4 is a graph of non-bus speed statistics;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a system for generating GTFS format data from public transportation data.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, it being understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation of the present invention only, and are not intended to limit the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for generating GTFS format data from public transportation data, including:
acquiring public traffic data to be converted;
determining arrival time data of the target bus according to the public transportation data;
and carrying out format conversion and unification on the public transportation data and the arrival time data to construct a public transportation data file in a GTFS format.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, a GTFS format data file constructed based on the generating method for generating GTFS format data for public transportation data according to the present invention and a correspondence between the file and public transportation data are shown in fig. 2. In this embodiment, the GTFS format data file includes seven necessary text files including a bus organization text file, an operation calendar text file, a train number text file, a path text file, a track text file, a stop text file, and a arrival time text file, and the steps of constructing the seven necessary text files include:
(1) According to the GTFS standard format, integrating the information of the target public transportation mechanism to obtain a public transportation mechanism text file corresponding to the public transportation mechanism where the target public transportation is located, and sorting the operation information of the target public transportation based on the same mode to obtain an operation calendar text file.
(2) And acquiring various information such as various line information or station information in the bus route of the target bus from the bus route information of the target bus, and constructing a train number text file according to the GTFS standard format.
(3) And obtaining the information such as the line name corresponding to the target bus, the train number corresponding to the target bus and the like from the bus line information of the target bus, and constructing a path text file according to the GTFS standard format by combining the train number corresponding to the target bus.
(4) And acquiring information such as track coordinates corresponding to the target bus from the bus route track information of the target bus, and constructing a track text file corresponding to the target bus according to the GTFS standard format.
(5) And acquiring information such as a station name corresponding to the target bus, station coordinates corresponding to each station and the like from bus station information of the target bus, and constructing a station text file according to a GTFS standard format.
(6) And calculating the arrival and departure time of the station, firstly, acquiring characteristic information (such as license plate information of the target bus or code number of the target bus) of the target bus, judging whether the arrival and departure time data of the target bus exists in the existing bus arrival and departure time table according to the characteristic information of the target bus, and if the arrival and departure time data of the target bus exists, directly using the data as the arrival and departure time of the target bus. When calculating the departure time, if the number of the train is not present in the existing departure time table, default departure time data is used. Secondly, if the station is the first station, giving the corresponding station name, longitude and latitude coordinates and the arrival time in the existing timetable; if the station is not the first station, the accumulated distance of the track points among the stations and the road section speed matched with the track points are utilized to calculate the arrival time. The time to send text is built according to the GTFS standard format.
The public transportation mechanism information and the operation calendar text file are simpler, and only related information is needed to be directly input, so that the public transportation mechanism information and the operation calendar text file are irrelevant to basic data;
the number of the train number text file needs to count the total departure number of each bus route and number each shift; the track point text file needs to firstly convert the line type bus line trend data into track points, and then sequentially input longitude and latitude information and serial number information of the track points.
The path text file is required to match the line ID in the track data with the ID in the bus line information, and then format conversion is carried out on the track data;
the site text file may be generated directly from the site data. The time of arrival text file is the core file in this embodiment, which is more complex. The file construction method comprises the following steps:
1. data preprocessing
Before the text file at the time of sending is constructed, firstly, the acquired data is preprocessed, including data format conversion, null value filling and format adjustment and format non-uniform numerical value format, so that the abnormality of the text file during construction caused by data abnormality is prevented.
2. Data matching
In some embodiments of the present invention, the sources of data related to the arrival time of the destination bus are relatively abundant, and because different data sources have different processing manners on the data, for example, the names of the same data or field by different data sources are not uniform, the destination bus cannot be directly used for calculating the arrival time of the bus. Therefore, the data (including the line data and the site data) needs to be integrated, so that the data format (including naming the same road field) is unified with the coding mode, and the call is convenient. In this embodiment, when encoding a bus route of a destination bus, the bus route is split into an uplink and a downlink, and encoding is performed respectively.
3. Track point velocity matching
In some embodiments of the present invention, determining arrival time data of a destination bus according to the public transportation data includes: matching the bus route track in the public transportation data with the road section speed data in the urban road network data; and calculating the inter-station travel time of the target bus between bus stops based on the bus route tracks between bus stops, and calculating the arrival/departure time data according to the inter-station travel time and a departure plan of the target bus. In this embodiment, matching the bus route track in the public transportation data with the road section speed data in the urban road network data includes:
converting the bus route track into a route track point; acquiring road network data corresponding to the public traffic data, and extracting road track points and road section speed data from the road network data; and matching the line track point with the road track point closest to the line track point, and taking the road section speed data corresponding to the road track point as the road section speed data of the line track point matched with the road track point.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, when calculating the arrival/departure time of a target bus, firstly, the arrival/departure time of the target bus is converted into the travel time between stations. And finally, taking the road segment speed of the road track point as the line speed of the corresponding line track point to finish matching, wherein as shown in fig. 3, fig. 3 shows the corresponding relationship between the road track point of the road segment ABC and the line track point of the road network. The rectangle and the parallelogram containing the open circles on the left side of fig. 3 are linear roads, wherein the open circles are punctiform line track points converted by the linear roads, the dotted lines on the right side of fig. 3 are road track points of a road network, the solid circles at the intersections of the road track points of the road network are road network intersections, and the line segments with arrows in the figure are corresponding relations between the line track points and the road track points.
4. Calculation of time of arrival
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the calculation of the arrival time of the destination bus is based on the travel time of the track point between two adjacent stations, and the logic of the arrival time calculation is to calculate the travel time of the track point between two adjacent stations using the speed updated in real time, instead of calculating using the straight line distance between two stations, so as to make the result of the arrival time more accurate. The following can be explained in detail: the arrival time calculation part of bus stops may span multiple road sections, and the Euclidean distance between bus stops is smaller than the actual driving distance between bus stops. The step of calculating the time of arrival in this embodiment therefore includes:
according to some embodiments of the present invention, calculating inter-station travel time of a target bus between bus stops based on bus route trajectories between bus stops includes: acquiring a line track point set between bus stops, and calculating the Euclidean distance between every two adjacent line track points in the line track point set; and calculating the running time of the target bus at each two adjacent route track points according to the Euclidean distance and the average running speed of the target bus between each two adjacent route track points, and summing to obtain the inter-station running time. According to some embodiments of the invention, the average travel speed is determined by the following method: acquiring the instantaneous speed of a target bus when the target bus reaches a line track point at one side of an initiating station in two adjacent line track points; calculating the product of the instantaneous speed and a preset speed correction coefficient; the product is taken as the average travel speed.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the method for determining the arrival time data further comprises: and determining the arrival time data of the target bus according to the GPS data of the target bus.
In some embodiments of the present invention, matching a bus route track in public transportation data with road segment speed data in city road network data further includes:
determining road section speed data of the non-public transport vehicle in each road section in road network data;
determining a speed conversion relation between a non-bus and a target bus;
and calculating the road section speed data of the target bus on each road section according to the speed conversion relation and the road section speed data of the non-bus.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the road section speed data of the bus is not easy to obtain or not accurate enough, so that the bus road section speed data used in some embodiments is counted according to the private speed, and the private speed distribution is typically long tail distribution, and the average value is 43km/h, as shown in fig. 4. However, the related studies have shown that the average speed of the ground buses is 20km/h at most, and therefore, it is necessary to introduce a speed conversion relation between the private vehicle and the buses, and determine the road section speed data of the buses from the conversion relation and the road section speed data of the private vehicle at each road section.
In other embodiments of the present invention, a process for generating data in a GTFS format from public transportation data includes:
based on ArcGIS Pro and other software, related traffic analysis (such as facility point service range, path planning, starting and ending travel cost calculation and the like) can be completed by utilizing the GTFS data. Taking the example of calculating the travel time of traveling in a public transportation mode between any two points in a certain city, the specific flow is as follows: (1) Based on the invention, the GTFS data is generated by utilizing the average speed data, bus route station information, track data, relevant departure time and other data of each time period of the road network. (2) And constructing the public transportation network data set of the city by using the generated GTFS data and the city road network in the ArcGIS Pro, setting related attributes, and completing travel cost (time) calculation of any starting and ending points in different time periods, thereby completing related traffic analysis.
In this embodiment, 6 starting points are selected in the city range, and the city is divided into 1200m×1000m grids according to the standard of every 0.1 longitude/latitude, and 1800 grids are added. The travel time from 7 am to 9 pm (at 1 hour intervals) 6 starting points to the center point of each grid was then calculated in ArcGIS Pro. In order to check the authenticity and rationality of the calculation result, in this embodiment, the calculation result is compared with the travel time corresponding to each starting and ending point in a certain map software path planning. Based on the map software route planning result, the average relative error of the 15 time period calculation results is 41%, and the maximum relative error is 45% (corresponding to 7 pm), and the result is within the allowable error range considering that the years of the basic data used in the embodiment are not uniform (the road network speed data is 2018 data, the public transportation related data is 2020) and the map route planning data are not completely on time.
As shown in fig. 5, the present invention provides a system for generating GTFS format data from public transportation data, comprising: the data acquisition module is used for acquiring public traffic data to be converted; the data operation module is used for determining the arrival time data of the target bus according to the public traffic data; and the data conversion module is used for carrying out format conversion and unification on the public transportation data and the arrival time data and constructing a public transportation data file in a GTFS format.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (7)
1. A method for generating GTFS format data for generating public transportation data, comprising:
acquiring public traffic data to be converted;
determining arrival time data of the target bus according to the public transportation data;
carrying out format conversion and unification on the public transportation data and the arrival time data to construct a public transportation data file in a GTFS format; wherein,,
the determining the arrival time data of the target bus according to the public transportation data comprises the following steps:
matching the bus route track in the public transportation data with the road section speed data in the urban road network data;
calculating the inter-station travel time of the target bus between bus stops based on the bus route tracks between bus stops, and calculating the arrival/departure time data according to the inter-station travel time and a departure plan of the target bus; wherein,,
the matching the bus route track in the public transportation data with the road section speed data in the urban road network data comprises the following steps:
converting the bus route track into a route track point;
acquiring road network data corresponding to the public traffic data, and extracting road track points and road section speed data from the road network data;
matching the line track point with the road track point closest to the line track point, and taking the road section speed data corresponding to the road track point as the road section speed data of the line track point matched with the road track point; wherein,,
the calculating the inter-station travel time of the target bus between bus stops based on the bus route tracks between bus stops comprises the following steps:
acquiring a line track point set between bus stops, and calculating the Euclidean distance of every two adjacent line track points in the line track point set;
and calculating the running time of the target bus at each two adjacent route track points according to the Euclidean distance and the average running speed of the target bus between each two adjacent route track points, and summing to obtain the inter-station running time.
2. The method for generating GTFS format data for public transportation data according to claim 1, wherein the public transportation data file includes: bus institution text file, operation calendar text file, train number text file, path text file, track text file, station text file and arrival time text file.
3. The method for generating GTFS format data for generating public transportation data according to claim 1, wherein the acquiring source of the public transportation data to be converted includes: government public information platform, subway company and open source map community.
4. The method for generating GTFS format data for public transportation data according to claim 3, further comprising, before determining arrival time data of a destination bus according to the public transportation data: carrying out data cleaning on the public transportation data to be converted and carrying out integrated checking on the public transportation data of different sources, wherein,
the public transportation data integration and check of different acquisition sources comprises the following steps:
extracting bus line data from the public transportation data, decomposing the bus line data into uplink bus line data and downlink bus line data, and carrying out differentiated coding on the uplink bus line data and the downlink bus line data;
and updating the information coding mode and the information naming mode in the public transportation data of different sources, so that the information coding mode and the information naming mode of the public transportation data of different sources on the same public transportation information are consistent.
5. The method of generating GTFS format data for public transportation data according to claim 1, wherein the average travel speed is determined by:
acquiring the instantaneous speed of the target bus when the target bus reaches a line track point at one side of an initiating station in two adjacent line track points;
calculating the product of the instantaneous speed and a preset speed correction coefficient;
and taking the product as the average running speed.
6. The method for generating GTFS format data for public transportation data according to claim 1, wherein the method for determining arrival time data further comprises: and determining the arrival time data of the target bus according to the GPS data of the target bus.
7. A system for generating GTFS format data for public transportation data, comprising:
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring public traffic data to be converted;
the data operation module is used for determining the arrival time data of the target bus according to the public transportation data;
the data conversion module is used for carrying out format conversion and unification on the public transportation data and the arrival time data and constructing a public transportation data file in a GTFS format;
the data operation module determines the arrival time data of the target bus according to the public transportation data, and the execution method comprises the following steps:
matching the bus route track in the public transportation data with the road section speed data in the urban road network data;
calculating the inter-station travel time of the target bus between bus stops based on the bus route tracks between bus stops, and calculating the arrival/departure time data according to the inter-station travel time and a departure plan of the target bus; wherein,,
the matching the bus route track in the public transportation data with the road section speed data in the urban road network data comprises the following steps:
converting the bus route track into a route track point;
acquiring road network data corresponding to the public traffic data, and extracting road track points and road section speed data from the road network data;
matching the line track point with the road track point closest to the line track point, and taking the road section speed data corresponding to the road track point as the road section speed data of the line track point matched with the road track point; wherein,,
the calculating the inter-station travel time of the target bus between bus stops based on the bus route tracks between bus stops comprises the following steps:
acquiring a line track point set between bus stops, and calculating the Euclidean distance of every two adjacent line track points in the line track point set;
and calculating the running time of the target bus at each two adjacent route track points according to the Euclidean distance and the average running speed of the target bus between each two adjacent route track points, and summing to obtain the inter-station running time.
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| CN111125293A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-08 | 南京市城市与交通规划设计研究院股份有限公司 | Automatic generation method and device of public transport network model and electronic equipment |
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