CN116200304A - Composite microbial agent and application thereof - Google Patents
Composite microbial agent and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116200304A CN116200304A CN202310059665.9A CN202310059665A CN116200304A CN 116200304 A CN116200304 A CN 116200304A CN 202310059665 A CN202310059665 A CN 202310059665A CN 116200304 A CN116200304 A CN 116200304A
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- kitchen waste
- microbial agent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
- C05F11/08—Organic fertilisers containing added bacterial cultures, mycelia or the like
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/60—Biochemical treatment, e.g. by using enzymes
-
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- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
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- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
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- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/02—Apparatus for the manufacture
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- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
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- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/70—Kitchen refuse; Food waste
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- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
- C12R2001/07—Bacillus
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- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
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- C12R2001/10—Bacillus licheniformis
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- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
- C12R2001/07—Bacillus
- C12R2001/125—Bacillus subtilis ; Hay bacillus; Grass bacillus
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- C12R2001/66—Aspergillus
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- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/645—Fungi ; Processes using fungi
- C12R2001/66—Aspergillus
- C12R2001/69—Aspergillus oryzae
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- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/645—Fungi ; Processes using fungi
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of kitchen waste treatment, and particularly relates to a composite microbial agent and application thereof. The compound microbial agent comprises bacillus licheniformis, trichoderma viride, bacillus subtilis, aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus versicolor and bacillus stearothermophilus. The composite microbial agent is used for treating kitchen waste, harmless, quantitative reduction and recycling treatment of the kitchen waste can be realized within 2-4 hours, grease in the kitchen waste can be efficiently decomposed by the composite microbial agent, so that grease byproducts are not produced, the trouble of secondary treatment is avoided, and the produced kitchen waste treated product can be directly used as a fertilizer, and the treatment method is environment-friendly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of kitchen waste treatment, and particularly relates to a composite microbial agent and application thereof.
Background
The actual proportion of the kitchen garbage in the household garbage production is about 55%, and the kitchen garbage has the defects of easy decay, fermentation, odor generation and the like. And is extremely easy to cause environmental pollution during the storage, transportation and treatment processes. The ecological treatment of kitchen waste is always a key problem for restricting the sustainable development of environmental protection in China. If the kitchen waste rich in substances can be further treated by utilizing advanced technology and recycled, the pollution problem can be solved, and the sustainable development guideline of recycling of the resources is met.
The existing kitchen waste treatment technology is divided into non-biological treatment and biological treatment according to treatment media: wherein the non-biological treatment comprises mechanical crushing, sanitary landfill, incineration power generation, gasification and the like; biological treatment comprises anaerobic fermentation, aerobic fermentation, ecological feed preparation and the like; the mechanical crushing is to fully utilize the municipal sewage treatment system, the household garbage enters the municipal sewage system for treatment after being crushed by the garbage crusher, and the kitchen garbage is not chemically changed in the mechanical crushing process, so that the garbage has the defects of low price and simple technology, but the garbage has the defects of increasing the pipe network blocking rate, reducing the municipal drainage capacity and increasing the municipal sewage treatment load; sanitary landfill refers to the process of burying kitchen waste underground by adopting technologies such as bottom seepage prevention, gas guide and discharge and the like on the basis of scientific site selection, wherein the process comprises the continuous degradation of organic matters by microorganisms; although the construction period is short, the investment and the operation cost are low, the treatment capacity is large, the technology is mature, and the operation is simple; however, the floor space is large, the occupied time is long, secondary pollution of percolate exists, odor is released, the byproduct biogas is easy to cause great potential safety hazard of explosion, and the unrecovered biogas is easy to cause global warming; the incineration power generation means that dehydration treatment is firstly carried out, and then complete oxidative decomposition is carried out in an incinerator, and the incineration power generation is generally carried out by peroxidation at the temperature of not lower than 1000 ℃, so that the solid content can be reduced by 65 percent (+/-15 percent); although the treatment rate is high, the power steam generated by conversion is used for generating electricity, the low-grade heat is used for supplying heat, the reduction degree is high, and the resource and reduction of kitchen waste are realized; however, the method has the defects that the atmospheric pollutants such as furan, dioxin, fly ash and the like are inevitably generated, in addition, the content of heavy metals in the incinerator ash (generally 5% -20% before burning) is higher, and the environment is seriously polluted; gasification (high temperature plasma torch gasification technique) refers to gasification of a solid matter after simple dehydration together with grease; although the reaction rate is high, the added value is high, the nature and the environment are protected, the core technology is mastered abroad and is mainly applied to the United states, canada and Japan; but it produces solid waste residues and increases the environmental pressure.
Anaerobic fermentation refers to the process of converting part of organic matter into microorganism body and decomposing the other part into CH by self metabolism under anaerobic condition with insufficient or no oxygen 4 (some processes can be directly decomposed into H 2 )、CO 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Although the technology is relatively mature, has automationThe method has the advantages of high degree, capability of producing fuel gas or organic acid and alcohol, good resource degree, higher economical efficiency, capability of preparing organic fertilizer from slag and the like; however, the method has the defects of large project construction investment, high project operation cost, long investment recovery period, complex process flow and the like; the aerobic fermentation comprises aerobic composting and high-temperature aerobic fermentation, wherein the aerobic composting mainly comprises the technological processes of squeezing dehydration, oil-water separation, biochemical degradation, tail gas treatment, wastewater purification, organic fertilizer treatment and the like. Wherein the biochemical degradation is carried out by taking kitchen waste crushed to a grain size of 1.5cm-8cm as a raw material, adding strains and auxiliary materials, and fermenting for about 4 weeks; although the garbage reduction is obvious, the technology is simple and mature, the cost is low, the operability is strong, the product performance is stable, and the popularization is easy; however, the method has the defects of large occupied area, long treatment period, prolonged treatment period and reduced composting quality caused by high salt and high oil in the garbage, secondary pollution caused by sewage and odor, low economic benefit and the like; the high-temperature aerobic fermentation is to utilize high-efficiency microbial flora to convert kitchen waste into a secondary-usable organic fertilizer after 1 day of aerobic fermentation; although the method has short time consumption (about 1 day), controllable process, easy operation, quick degradation, good recycling effect and good high-temperature activity (even reaching 80 ℃); however, the product has the defect of unobvious deodorization effect; the preparation of the ecological feed refers to the preparation of the feed by fermentation production of mycoprotein (the preparation of mycoprotein by a fermentation method), silage (the fermentation of lactic acid bacteria) and dehydration (the direct high-temperature drying, boiling drying, vacuum frying and other methods); although the energy consumption is low, the reduction degree is high, the economic value of the kitchen waste is maximized, the technical principle is simple, and the treatment efficiency is high; however, the food has the defects of carrying pathogenic microorganisms or toxic and harmful substances, having potential food chain risks and affecting human health.
In summary, the current kitchen garbage treatment methods have more treatment methods, however, whichever treatment method has the following defects: (1) Most of the kitchen wastes are subjected to four steps of sorting, crushing, solid-liquid separation and solid fermentation in the same process, so that the treatment steps are complicated, the treatment units are more, the treatment process impurity degree is high, and the energy consumption is high; (2) The solid-liquid separation treatment process has byproducts, namely grease, which are generated and need to be treated for the second time; (3) The whole fermentation period is about one day, and although the treatment period of the method is shorter than that of other technologies, the treatment efficiency of the method cannot meet the current living standard requirements and still needs to be improved in the trend of increasing kitchen wastes in China at present; (4) The microbial inoculum used in the similar treatment process has the defects of unobvious deodorization effect of the product, low utilization rate of the fermentation product and long fermentation time. For example, the process used in patent CN114804939a is to drain the soaked kitchen waste, sort and screen out metal and plastic, then crush the kitchen waste and mix with sewage in a certain proportion, perform aerobic fermentation in a reactor while stirring, collect biogas generated in the fermentation process, and finally obtain the product fertilizer. The waste water and the waste gas generated in the process are discharged after being treated for the second time. Another example of a process used in CN110452031a includes a plurality of processing units including a pretreatment unit: crushing and solid-liquid separation; and a plurality of fermentation units, each fermentation unit comprising: fermenting, stirring and heating. Wherein, the kitchen garbage is heated to 121 ℃ for disinfection before fermentation, then the temperature is reduced to 50-55 ℃ for fermentation while stirring, and odor is generated when each fermentation unit is used for fermentation, and an odor treatment device is needed to be arranged one by one. For another example, the process used in CN110193508A needs to sort the kitchen waste, then separate solid and liquid to remove grease and water, the solid part enters a squeezer to be dehydrated further, then enters a fermentation device through a screw conveyor, and is stirred and fermented intermittently at 50-60 ℃ for 8-10 hours, and the sewage generated in the process is discharged after being treated by a sewage treatment system. For another example, the process used in CN110759757a includes a pulverizing unit, an enzymatic decomposition unit, a desalting unit, a centrifugal separation unit, a sterilizing unit, and a storage unit. During kitchen waste treatment, kitchen waste is crushed firstly, decomposing enzyme and the kitchen waste are stirred and fermented together in an enzyme decomposing unit, microparticle kitchen waste sludge is generated after reaction, the sludge enters a desalting separating unit for dechlorination treatment, and is dehydrated by a centrifugal separating unit, and finally the kitchen waste sludge is heated and sterilized to obtain compost.
Therefore, the kitchen waste treatment method which has short treatment period, is environment-friendly and does not need secondary treatment has great significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a kitchen waste treatment method based on a composite microbial agent, which has the advantages of short period, environmental protection and no need of secondary treatment.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention may adopt the following technical scheme:
in one aspect, the invention provides a composite microbial inoculant comprising bacillus licheniformis, trichoderma viride, bacillus subtilis, aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus versicolor and bacillus stearothermophilus.
In another aspect, the invention provides a kitchen waste treatment method, which comprises the following steps: mixing kitchen waste and the composite microbial agent, heating and fermenting.
In still another aspect, the invention further provides a kitchen waste treated product obtained by the kitchen waste treatment method.
The invention also provides an application of the kitchen waste treatment product in serving as a fertilizer.
In still another aspect, the present invention provides a kitchen waste treatment apparatus, comprising: the device comprises a stirring system, a speed reducer, a motor, a fungus adding barrel, a charging port, a discharging port, a heater, a microwave generator, an electromagnetic valve, an evaporation condenser, a cooling fan and a vacuum pump; wherein, the fungus adding barrel and the feeding port are respectively arranged at the upper end of the stirring system, and the discharging port is arranged at the lower end of the stirring system; the motor is connected with the speed reducer, and the speed reducer is connected with the stirring system; the heater and the microwave generator are respectively connected with the stirring system; the stirring system is connected with the evaporative condenser, and an air-permeable electromagnetic valve is arranged between the stirring system and the evaporative condenser; the cooling fan and the vacuum pump are respectively connected with the evaporative condenser.
The beneficial effects of the invention include: the composite microbial agent provided by the invention is used for treating kitchen waste, harmless, decrement and recycling treatment of the kitchen waste can be realized within 2-4 hours, and grease in the kitchen waste can be efficiently decomposed by the composite microbial agent, so that grease byproducts are not produced, the trouble of secondary treatment is avoided, and the produced kitchen waste treated product can be directly used as a fertilizer, and the treatment method is environment-friendly.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front cross-sectional view of a kitchen waste disposal device used in the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows the treated kitchen waste after application to tomato plants in accordance with the present invention;
wherein, in fig. 1, 1: a stirring system; 2: adding bacteria barrel; 3: a feed inlet; 4: a discharge port; 5: a heater; 6: a microwave generator; 7: a speed reducer; 8: a motor; 9: an evaporative condenser; 10: a cooling fan; 11: a vacuum pump; 12: a ventilation electromagnetic valve; 13: a control system;
in fig. 2, the left side is the post-leaf of the tomato plant to which the kitchen waste treatment product is applied, and the right side is the post-leaf of the tomato plant to which the commercial organic fertilizer is applied.
Detailed Description
The examples are presented for better illustration of the invention, but the invention is not limited to the examples. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and adaptations of the embodiments described above are possible in light of the above teachings and are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. Unless the context clearly differs, singular forms of expression include plural forms of expression. As used herein, it is understood that terms such as "comprising," "having," "including," and the like are intended to indicate the presence of a feature, number, operation, component, part, element, material, or combination. The terms of the present invention are disclosed in the specification and are not intended to exclude the possibility that one or more other features, numbers, operations, components, elements, materials or combinations thereof may be present or added. As used herein, "/" may be interpreted as "and" or "as appropriate.
The embodiment of the invention provides a composite microbial agent which can comprise bacillus licheniformis, trichoderma viride, bacillus subtilis, aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus versicolor and bacillus stearothermophilus.
The microbial agents have been studied earlier and deeper in countries such as the European America, and are widely used in the fields of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, medical treatment, environmental protection, industry, health care and the like, and some composite microbial agents have been developed in countries such as Japan, the United states, france and the like as early as 70 s. Most of the existing microbial inoculant products are used for purifying domestic sewage, treating industrial and agricultural wastewater and degrading pollution of certain or certain organic compounds. The composite microorganism bacteria composed of the bacillus subtilis, the trichoderma viride, the bacillus subtilis, the aspergillus oryzae, the aspergillus versicolor and the bacillus stearothermophilus can be used for treating kitchen waste, and can be used for carrying out harmless, reduction and recycling efficient treatment on the kitchen waste.
In some specific embodiments, the composite microbial agent preferably comprises 20% of bacillus licheniformis, 20% of trichoderma viride, 15% of bacillus subtilis, 15% of aspergillus oryzae, 15% of aspergillus versicolor and 15% of bacillus stearothermophilus by mass percent.
In some embodiments, the concentration of the complex microbial agent is about 10 7 cfu/mL. The composite microbial agent is prepared by inoculating the bacillus licheniformis, the trichoderma viride, the bacillus subtilis, the aspergillus oryzae, the aspergillus versicolor and the bacillus stearothermophilus into corresponding liquid culture media, culturing at 28 ℃, and respectively mixing bacterial liquid with sterilized glycerol according to a volume ratio of 1:1 are mixed and put into a 1.5mL sterile freezing tube, and are stored in a refrigerator at the temperature of minus 80 ℃ after being placed for 1 hour at room temperature; then inoculating the strain culture solution into a mixed fermentation liquid culture medium according to an inoculum size of 1% (v/v), intermittently shake-culturing at 35 ℃ for 108 hours to reach the maximum viable count, obtaining a fermentation liquid which is self-made microbial inoculum after culturing, and the concentration is about 10 7 cfu/mL。
Another embodiment of the present invention provides a kitchen waste treatment method, including: mixing kitchen waste and the composite microbial agent, heating and fermenting.
The composite microbial agent is used for treating kitchen waste, so that harmless, decrement and recycling treatment of the kitchen waste can be realized within 2-4 hours, and the composite microbial agent has unique effects in the aspects of improving the quality of crops, resisting diseases, eliminating continuous cropping obstacles and the like, and the treatment efficiency is about 3-12 times higher than that of the treatment cycle of other similar processes for one day, and is more efficient; in addition, the composite microbial agent can efficiently decompose grease in kitchen waste, so that grease byproducts are not produced, and the trouble of secondary treatment is avoided.
In some embodiments, in the method for treating kitchen waste, the mass ratio of the kitchen waste to the composite microbial agent is 100: (1-2). The addition amount of the composite microbial agent is different from the treatment result of the kitchen waste, and the mass ratio of the kitchen waste to the composite microbial agent is preferably 100: (1-2), more preferably 100:1.
in some specific embodiments, in the kitchen waste treatment method, peanut shell fragments or straw fragments are further added into the kitchen waste and the composite microbial agent as auxiliary materials for heating fermentation. It should be noted that, in the kitchen garbage treatment process, auxiliary materials can be added to improve the treatment efficiency. In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the kitchen waste, the composite microbial agent and the auxiliary materials can be 100: (1-2): (1-2), preferably, the mass ratio may be 100:1:1.
in some specific embodiments, in the kitchen waste treatment method, the temperature of the heating fermentation is 80-90 ℃. The heating fermentation temperature has an influence on the treatment efficiency of kitchen waste, and the temperature can be set to be 80-90 ℃ and is preferably 85 ℃; the heating fermentation time can be set according to specific conditions, and is generally heated for about 30 min; in addition, in the heating fermentation process, kitchen garbage is fully contacted with the composite microbial agent under continuous stirring, meanwhile, the inside of the container is continuously heated and stirred to uniformly heat the container, so that the degradation of organic matters is accelerated, the rapid decomposition of compost is promoted, the fermentation period is shortened, and the insect eggs and weed seeds are effectively killed.
The invention further provides a kitchen waste treated product obtained by the kitchen waste treatment method. The kitchen waste treatment product obtained by the kitchen waste treatment method provided by the invention contains 16 free amino acids, crude proteins and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and can be used as a fertilizer. In addition, the kitchen waste is converted into substances which are beneficial to social production and have the least threat to human living environment, and the kitchen waste is recycled by adopting a method of recycling agriculture to treat the kitchen waste, so that the kitchen waste generates a certain or larger economic added value on the premise of not polluting the environment and not forming public nuisance, and the economic benefit brought to farmers by the planting industry is further increased and improved.
The invention further provides an application of the kitchen waste treatment product as a fertilizer. As described above, the treated kitchen waste obtained in the present invention can be used as a fertilizer, and the analysis of specific components of the treated kitchen waste and the commercially available fertilizer are shown in table 1, and the treated kitchen waste can be reused as a feed or a fertilizer, thereby opening up an epitaxial resource utilization path of kitchen waste.
Table 1 comparative analysis of kitchen waste treated product of the present invention and commercially available Fertilizer (national Standard) ingredients
Still another embodiment of the present invention provides a kitchen waste treatment apparatus, referring to fig. 1, comprising: the device comprises a stirring system, a speed reducer, a motor, a fungus adding barrel, a charging port, a discharging port, a heater, a microwave generator, an electromagnetic valve, an evaporation condenser, a cooling fan and a vacuum pump; wherein, the fungus adding barrel and the feeding port are respectively arranged at the upper end of the stirring system, and the discharging port is arranged at the lower end of the stirring system; the motor is connected with the speed reducer, and the speed reducer is connected with the stirring system; the heater and the microwave generator are respectively connected with the stirring system; the stirring system is connected with the evaporative condenser, and an electromagnetic valve is arranged between the stirring system and the evaporative condenser; the cooling fan and the vacuum pump are respectively connected with the evaporative condenser.
The kitchen waste treatment device can use the cooling fan and the vacuum pump to pump off odor in the kitchen waste treatment process, and the odor can be directly discharged through detection of condensed liquid condensed by the evaporation condenser according with the sewage discharge standard; in addition, the kitchen waste treatment device has the advantages of simple treatment steps, strong operability, full automation of fermentation, stable quality of fermentation products, no need of being divided into a plurality of units for operation, and reduced occupied area; furthermore, the device disclosed by the invention is calculated according to the treatment of 500kg of kitchen waste, the required power consumption is only less than or equal to 40kw/h, and the electric quantity is saved by 1-3 times compared with the existing similar equipment.
When the kitchen garbage is subjected to air extraction and dehydration, the temperature is maintained between 50 ℃ and 60 ℃, the kitchen garbage is subjected to low-temperature fermentation, meanwhile, peculiar smell in the kitchen garbage which is already fermented in the equipment is transferred to a condensing device along with water vapor for condensation while the kitchen garbage is hot, the condensed liquid is discharged into a sewer, and the decomposing, drying and deodorizing links of kitchen garbage materials are completed, wherein the common treatment time is about 2 hours.
In some specific implementations, the kitchen waste treatment device can be additionally provided with a control device, so that automatic control of the kitchen waste treatment device is realized.
For a better understanding of the present invention, the content of the present invention is further elucidated below in connection with the specific examples, but the content of the present invention is not limited to the examples below.
In the following examples, the basal medium (beef extract peptone medium, gaoshi first medium and PDA medium) used in the strain selection of the high activity strain is common laboratory medium, the selective medium (starch medium, cellulose medium, protein medium, fat medium) is commercial medium, and the salt-tolerant medium is sodium chloride added with 5g/L, 15g/L, 25g/L, 35g/L and 45g/L respectively on the basis of the basal medium.
Example 1 preparation of Compound microbial agent
(1) Breeding of high-activity strain
The method takes environmental samples such as common kitchen waste, high-oil high-salt kitchen waste, farmyard organic fertilizer, biogas residues, biogas slurry and the like as bacteria sources. And respectively diluting and coating different bacteria source materials into basic culture media (beef extract peptone culture medium, gao's first culture medium, YPD culture medium and PDA culture medium), and separating and purifying to obtain pure culture. Inoculating each single colony to a selective culture medium (a starch culture medium, a cellulose culture medium, a protein culture medium, a fat culture medium and a salt-tolerant culture medium) respectively by a conventional method, and separating and screening after culturing to obtain strains with high yield of amylase, protease, lipase, cellulase and salt tolerance respectively;
adding a bacterial source material into an ammoniation bacterial liquid culture medium for enrichment culture, then coating the bacterial source material on an ammoniation bacterial solid culture medium for separation and purification, carrying out morphology primary screening, transferring the bacterial source material to the liquid culture medium for culture, and identifying the bacterial source material by using a Neisseria reagent to screen out excellent pure culture of the ammoniation bacteria; adding a fungus source material into a nitrosation fungus liquid culture medium for enrichment culture, transferring the enrichment culture medium into a nitrosation fungus solid culture medium for separation and purification, and finally identifying the nitrifying fungus through a morphological structure;
and (3) carrying out antagonistic experiments on all the screened bacteria, respectively inoculating the screened high-efficiency glycolysis strains onto a selective medium (starch medium, cellulose medium, protein medium, fat medium and salt-tolerant medium), carrying out streak culture in pairs, and selecting strains which are not antagonistic to each other.
And finally, identifying strains, wherein the finally screened composite efficient glycolytic strain is as follows: bacillus licheniformis, trichoderma viride, bacillus subtilis, aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus versicolor, and Bacillus stearothermophilus.
The strains which are purely cultivated and identified are respectively picked into single bacterial colonies to be inoculated into corresponding liquid culture media, the culture is carried out at 28 ℃, and after the culture is finished, bacterial liquid and sterilized glycerol are respectively mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:1 are mixed and put into a 1.5mL sterile freezing tube, and are stored in a refrigerator at the temperature of minus 80 ℃ after being placed for 1 hour at room temperature.
(2) Compound microbial agent proportioning
By means of mixed cultureThe composite system for efficiently degrading kitchen waste is characterized in that the strain culture solution is inoculated into a mixed fermentation liquid culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 1% (v/v), the mixed fermentation liquid culture medium is intermittently shake-cultured at 35 ℃ for 108 hours respectively to reach the maximum viable count, and the obtained fermentation liquid after the culture is self-made microbial inoculum (comprising 20% of bacillus licheniformis, 20% of trichoderma viride, 15% of bacillus subtilis, 15% of aspergillus oryzae, 15% of aspergillus versicolor and 15% of bacillus stearothermophilus) with the concentration of about 10 7 cfu/mL。
(3) Large-scale high-density propagation culture and fermentation
The cells are reserved in a culture tank in a centrifugal sedimentation mode, the cells are recycled for cyclic culture, the inhibitory metabolites are removed, a low-concentration culture medium is used for obtaining high cell density, and the products are separated in situ, so that the downstream operation is facilitated; a series of complete production equipment such as a stirring type fermentation tank and the like are adopted, and a foundation is provided for improving the quality and quantity of microbial agent products through the application of automatic detection and automatic control technology.
Example 2 experiment of the kitchen waste treatment Process
(1) Putting 17.8kg of kitchen waste into a container from a charging port, adding 1.78kg of composite bacterial liquid and 1.78kg of auxiliary materials matched with equipment according to the weight of the kitchen waste, and closing a container cover and a vent valve;
(2) Setting the heating temperature to be 85 ℃, starting the stirring and heating functions, waiting for mixing and heating the materials for 30min, and stopping heating after observing the state of the materials to be pasty from an observation window;
(3) Starting an air extraction function, controlling the temperature to be 50-60 ℃, waiting for drying for 2h, and stopping stirring after observing the state of the material to be dried powder from an observation window;
(4) And opening a ventilation valve of the container cover, and opening the container cover after the atmospheric pressure is restored to be balanced, so that the treated kitchen waste can be obtained.
The whole operation process shows that the process is simple to operate, kitchen waste can be treated within 4 hours, and the obtained product is dry, free of peculiar smell and secondary pollution, and has a volume reduced by about half compared with that before treatment.
Example 3 detection of Components of kitchen waste treated by the Process
The kitchen waste treated product obtained in example 2 was spread out at a ventilation site and cooled, and the components thereof were measured by a sealing bag and commissioned Guangzhou Hui standard measuring technique center, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 kitchen waste treatment product composition
As shown in the table 2, the product is rich in a large amount of organic matters such as small molecular peptides, trace elements and the like, can be used as animal feed or plant fertilizer for secondary use after further processing, and creates an epitaxial utilization way of kitchen waste.
Example 4 Secondary use effect of kitchen waste as Fertilizer after being treated by the Process
After the kitchen waste treatment product obtained in the example 2 is cooled, a cultivation comparison test is carried out on a tomato planting field, the kitchen waste product treated by the process is used as a fertilizer, and is planted and compared with a commercial fertilizer in the same growth environment, the result is shown in fig. 2, the planting effect of the fertilizer obtained by the invention is shown on the left side, and the planting effect of the commercial fertilizer is shown on the right side. The result shows that the product treated by the process is used for plant cultivation, is more beneficial to plant growth than the common commercial fertilizer purchased in the local market of Shandong, and shows that the product contains more components beneficial to plant growth.
Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which is intended to be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A composite microbial agent is characterized by comprising bacillus licheniformis, trichoderma viride, bacillus subtilis, aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus versicolor and bacillus stearothermophilus.
2. The compound microbial agent according to claim 1, which comprises 20% of bacillus licheniformis, 20% of trichoderma viride, 15% of bacillus subtilis, 15% of aspergillus oryzae, 15% of aspergillus versicolor and 15% of bacillus stearothermophilus by mass.
3. The composite microbial agent of claim 1 or 2, wherein the concentration is about 10 7 cfu/mL。
4. The kitchen waste treatment method is characterized by comprising the following steps: mixing kitchen waste with the composite microbial agent of any one of claims 1 to 3, heating and fermenting.
5. The kitchen waste treatment method according to claim 4, wherein the mass ratio of the kitchen waste to the composite microbial agent is 100: (1-2).
6. The kitchen waste treatment method according to claim 4 or 5, wherein auxiliary materials are further added to the kitchen waste and the composite microbial agent for heating fermentation.
7. The kitchen waste treatment method according to claim 6, wherein the mass ratio of the kitchen waste, the composite microbial agent and the auxiliary materials is 100: (1-2): (1-2).
8. The method for treating kitchen waste according to claim 4, 5 or 7, wherein the temperature of the heating fermentation is 80 ℃ to 90 ℃.
9. Use of a treated kitchen waste product treated by the method for treating kitchen waste as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 8 as a fertiliser.
10. A kitchen waste treatment device, comprising: the device comprises a stirring system, a speed reducer, a motor, a fungus adding barrel, a charging port, a discharging port, a heater, a microwave generator, a ventilation electromagnetic valve, an evaporation condenser, a cooling fan and a vacuum pump; wherein, the fungus adding barrel and the feeding port are respectively arranged at the upper end of the stirring system, and the discharging port is arranged at the lower end of the stirring system; the motor is connected with the speed reducer, and the speed reducer is connected with the stirring system; the heater and the microwave generator are respectively connected with the stirring system; the stirring system is connected with the evaporative condenser, and an electromagnetic valve is arranged between the stirring system and the evaporative condenser; the cooling fan and the vacuum pump are respectively connected with the evaporative condenser.
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