CN116179945B - 45#钢高温用激光熔覆粉末 - Google Patents
45#钢高温用激光熔覆粉末 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- DOLZKNFSRCEOFV-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(2+);oxalate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O DOLZKNFSRCEOFV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium oxalate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroborane Chemical compound ClB(Cl)Cl FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 28
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000080590 Niso Species 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
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- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/06—Metallic powder characterised by the shape of the particles
- B22F1/065—Spherical particles
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
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- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
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- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种45#钢高温用激光熔覆粉末,属于激光熔覆材料领域。所述45#钢高温用激光熔覆粉末按质量百分比计,包含以下化学成分:C:0.2‑0.3%,B:2.0‑3.0%,Si:1.0‑2.0%,Mo:2.0‑5.0%,Cu:0.01‑0.25%,Mn:0.5‑0.8%,Ni:5.0‑8.0%,Cr:15.0‑18.0%,V:0.2‑0.3%,W:0.2‑0.3%,稀土元素:0.005‑0.016%,其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质,具有更好的硬度、耐磨性、自润滑性、耐高温腐蚀性、冶金结合能力、润湿性等性能,具有很好的应用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及激光熔覆材料领域,特别涉及一种45#钢高温用激光熔覆粉末。
背景技术
45#钢是一种应用广泛的结构钢,可应用于多种关键零部件。但在实际应用中,45#钢的表面往往容易发生磨损、腐蚀等失效。因此,如何在保持材料整体强韧性的同时,提高材料表面耐磨性、耐腐蚀性以及其它特定的使用性能,已成为目前的研究重点。
激光熔覆技术是指以不同的添加方法在被熔覆的基体上放置所选择的熔覆材料,利用高能量密度的热源对涂层材料进行辐照射,使材料快速加热至熔融状态,与基体表面熔凝后形成冶金结合良好的表面涂层,利用该技术可以对金属基零件表面进行修复和改性,改善金属表面的硬度、耐磨、耐腐蚀、耐热、抗氧化等性能。
激光熔覆性能受很多因素的影响,熔覆材料是最主要的影响因素之一。为了获得良好的无裂纹的涂层,一方面是需要熔覆材料不仅要有良好的自熔性还要有良好的冶金结合性能,另一方面是需要熔覆材料与基体间要有较好的润湿性。这就使得熔覆材料与基体的性能不能有较大的差异,如熔覆材料与基体的热膨胀系数、弹性模量、导热系数、熔点等要尽可能相近,否则在激光熔覆急冷、急热的特性下会产生气孔、裂纹、夹杂物等问题。
目前,熔覆粉末大多以配置好的商业粉末为主,但是针对某种金属的专用激光粉末材料还非常短缺。现有的激光熔覆粉末大都是在常温下对基体进行熔覆,改善的是常温下合金的性能,对于改善高温环境下的合金性能的报道还比较少。
发明内容
本发明针对45#钢在高温环境下的性能,设计出了一种45#钢高温用激光熔覆粉末。本发明的激光熔覆粉末为Fe基合金粉末,与基体的成分组成相近。且本发明进一步改进了激光熔覆粉末的制备方法,使以其改性的45#钢在高温环境下具有了更好的硬度、耐磨性、自润滑性、耐高温腐蚀性、冶金结合能力、润湿性等,具有很好的应用价值。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了如下技术方案:
本发明技术方案之一:提供一种45#钢高温用激光熔覆粉末,其特征在于,按质量百分比计,包含以下化学成分:
C:0.2-0.3%,B:2.0-3.0%,Si:1.0-2.0%,Mo:2.0-5.0%,Cu:0.10-0.25%,Mn:0.5-0.8%,Ni:5.0-8.0%,Cr:15.0-18.0%,V:0.2-0.3%,W:0.2-0.3%,稀土元素:0.005-0.016%,其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
更优选地,按质量百分比计,包含以下化学成分:
C:0.23-0.25%,B:2.3-2.5%,Si:1.5-1.7%,Mo:3.5-4.0%,Cu:0.18-0.20%,Mn:0.65-0.70%,Ni:6.0-7.0%,Cr:16.5-17.0%,V:0.23-0.25%,W:0.23-0.25%,稀土元素:0.008-0.016%,其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
最优选地,按质量百分比计,化学成分为:
C:0.24%,B:2.37%,Si:1.55%,Mo:3.85%,Cu:0.192%,Mn:0.68%,Ni:6.2%,Cr:17.0%,V:0.235%,W:0.248%,稀土元素:0.016%,其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
优选地,所述稀土元素为La、Ce和Y中的一种或几种。
更优选地,所述稀土元素为La。
优选地,所述45#钢高温用激光熔覆粉末的微观形貌为球形;所述45#钢高温用激光熔覆粉末的平均粒径为80-200μm;
本发明技术方案之二:提供一种上述45#钢高温用激光熔覆粉末的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)加热融化45#钢,再加入氧化钼、氧化铬,得到预制物;
(2)向硫酸镍水溶液中加入草酸铵制得草酸镍沉淀,其化学反应如下:
NiSO4·6H2O+(NH4)2C2O4·H2O→NiC2O4↓+(NH4)2SO4+7H2O
(生成Ni的沉淀物以便于进行Ni的还原反应)。
(3)将预制物和草酸镍沉淀、氯化硼、氧化钒、氧化钨、稀土元素混合,加热并通入BCl3和还原剂,得到预制粉末(通入BCl3气体是为了参与还原反应制备硼);
(4)将预制粉末加热熔融,然后在保护气氛中进行加压雾化,干燥,过筛,即得所述45#钢高温用激光熔覆粉末。
本发明步骤(1)加热融化以及添入氧化铬、氧化钼的目的在于脱去磷、硫杂质,同时增加产物中钼、铬元素的含量。
本发明步骤(3)得到的预制粉末的粒径为150μm左右。
步骤(3)中:所述加热为800-1500℃下加热1h;所述还原剂为H2或CO。
步骤(4)中:所述加压的压力为3.5-4MPa;所述过筛为过80目筛。
本发明技术方案之三:提供一种上述45#钢高温用激光熔覆粉末在45#钢表面熔覆中的应用。
本发明的有益技术效果如下:
本发明通过对45#钢高温用激光熔覆粉末中C和Ni的调控,改善了粉末的润湿性,使涂层的塑韧性增加,抑制了熔覆过程中熔覆层的开裂倾向及裂纹的扩展速率;同时,在粉末中添加的稀土元素能够起到细化晶粒、净化熔体、强化晶界等作用。
本发明的熔覆粉末在熔覆过程中会生成硬质相WC、VC,提高了涂层的耐磨性能。
本发明的45#钢高温用激光熔覆粉末为Fe基合金粉末,与基体45#钢的成分组成相近,因此热膨胀系数、弹性模量、导热系数、熔点等数据也较为相近,可以让用此熔覆粉末改性的45#钢在变温过程中性质更稳定,降低了涂层熔覆过程中的稀释率。
以本发明的熔覆粉末改性的45#钢,在高温环境下具有了更好的硬度、耐磨性、冶金结合能力、润湿性等性能,具有很好的应用价值。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1制备的熔覆粉末的SEM图。
图2为本发明实施例2制备的熔覆粉末的SEM图。
图3为本发明效果验证中S1的金相效果图。
图4为本发明效果验证中D2的析出相SEM图。
图5为本发明效果验证中S1的析出相SEM图。
图6为本发明效果验证中D4与S1的磨损后SEM图。其中,(a)为效果验证中D5的磨损后SEM图,(b)为效果验证中S1的磨损后SEM图。
图7为本发明效果验证中S1和D3的熔覆层微观图,(a)为S1的微观形貌图,(b)为D3的微观形貌图。
图8为本发明效果验证中S2和D4的微观组织图。其中,(a)为效果验证中D4的微观组织图,(b)为效果验证中S2的微观组织图。
具体实施方式
现详细说明本发明的多种示例性实施方式,该详细说明不应认为是对本发明的限制,而应理解为是对本发明的某些方面、特性和实施方案的更详细的描述。应理解本发明中所述的术语仅仅是为描述特别的实施方式,并非用于限制本发明。
另外,对于本发明中的数值范围,应理解为还具体公开了该范围的上限和下限之间的每个中间值。在任何陈述值或陈述范围内的中间值,以及任何其他陈述值或在所述范围内的中间值之间的每个较小的范围也包括在本发明内。这些较小范围的上限和下限可独立地包括或排除在范围内。
除非另有说明,否则本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有本发明所述领域的常规技术人员通常理解的相同含义。虽然本发明仅描述了优选的方法和材料,但是在本发明的实施或测试中也可以使用与本文所述相似或等同的任何方法和材料。
关于本文中所使用的“包含”、“包括”、“具有”、“含有”等等,均为开放性的用语,即意指包含但不限于。
本发明以下实施例及对比例中所用各原料均为市售产品。
实施例1
按质量百分比计,45#钢高温用激光熔覆粉末的化学成分为:
C:0.3%,B:2.5%,Si:2%,Mo:4.0%,Cu:0.2%,Mn:0.65%,Ni:7.2%,Cr:15.0%,V:0.2%,W:0.2%,La:0.016%,其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
按照以上质量百分比计确定原料用量,制备45#钢高温用激光熔覆粉末,具体制备步骤如下:
(1)加热融化45#钢,再加入氧化钼、氧化铬,得到预制物。
(2)向硫酸镍水溶液中加入草酸铵制得草酸镍沉淀。
(3)将预制物和草酸镍沉淀、氯化硼、氧化钒、氧化钨、稀土元素混合,然后置于真空炉中,同时通入BCl3以及还原剂CO,在1500℃进行还原,保温1h,得到预制粉末。
(4)将预制粉末加热熔融,然后在-20℃~-10℃的氩气气氛中进行3.5MPa加压雾化,干燥,过80目筛,即得所述45#钢高温用激光熔覆粉末。
所述熔覆粉末的SEM图见图1,由图1可知,本发明制备的粉末的形状规则,大小均匀,粒径约为100-150μm。
实施例2
按质量百分比计,45#钢高温用激光熔覆粉末的化学成分为:
C:0.24%,B:2.37%,Si:1.55%,Mo:3.85%,Cu:0.192%,Mn:0.68%,Ni:6.8%,Cr:17.0%,V:0.235%,W:0.248%,La:0.016%,其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
具体制备过程见实施例1,制备得到所述45#钢高温用激光熔覆粉末。图2为本发明实施例2制备的熔覆粉末的SEM图。由图2可知,制备的粉末的形状规则,大小均匀,粒径约为150-200μm。
实施例3
按质量百分比计,45#钢高温用激光熔覆粉末的化学成分为:
C:0.20%,B:2.4%,Si:1.6%,Mo:4.0%,Cu:0.19%,Mn:0.68%,Ni:7.0%,Cr:17.0%,V:0.24%,W:0.24%,La:0.016%,其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
具体制备过程见实施例1,制备得到所述45#钢高温用激光熔覆粉末。
对比例1
按质量百分比计,45#钢高温用激光熔覆粉末的化学成分为:
C:0.24%,B:2.4%,Si:1.6%,Mo:4.0%,Cu:0.19%,Mn:0.68%,Ni:6.0%,Cr:17.0%,La:0.016%,其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
具体制备过程见实施例1。
对比例2
按质量百分比计,45#钢高温用激光熔覆粉末的化学成分为:
C:0.24%,B:2.4%,Si:1.6%,Mo:4.0%,Cu:0.19%,Mn:0.68%,Ni:6.0%,Cr:17.0%,V:0.24%,La:0.016%,其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
具体制备过程见实施例1,制备得到所述45#钢高温用激光熔覆粉末。
对比例3
与实施例1的区别在于,C含量为0.35%,制备得到45#钢高温用激光熔覆粉末。
对比例4
与实施例2的区别仅在于,省略La元素的加入,制备得到所述45#钢高温用激光熔覆粉末。
效果验证
为验证本发明制得的熔覆粉末的性能,将实施例1-3及对比例1-4制得的熔覆粉末用于激光熔覆,工艺步骤如下:
1)先对45#钢被熔覆表面进行打磨清理去除表面污渍,然后用丙酮清洗表面,清洗后吹干,减少外部杂质对熔覆层的影响。
2)用半导体耦合激光器进行熔覆,熔覆的条件为:采用氩气保护、同步送粉的方式,以及激光功率1300W,熔覆速度300mm/min,送粉速度25g/min,搭接率30%,光斑直径15mm×2mm的工艺参数。
分别将激光熔覆实施例1-3及对比例1-4的熔覆粉末的45#钢命名为S1-3及D1-4,并将未进行熔覆操作的45#钢命名为D5,再进行以下测试。
图3为本发明效果验证中S1的金相效果图。由图可知,激光熔覆层与基材有明显界限,且结合界线界限较为平滑,内部组织紧密,没有空腔,没有颗粒状杂质,证明涂层与基材材料能够实现较好的冶金结合。
图4为本发明效果验证中D2的析出相SEM图。从图中可以看出,D2的熔覆层表面有清晰的菊花状析出相,经测定,此析出相为VC。这是由于V元素以溶质原子的形式固溶到奥氏体中,增加了奥氏体中溶质元素的浓度,起到了固溶强化的效果;同时,由于V是强碳化物形成元素,会有一部分钒元素以共晶碳化物或一次碳化物的形式析出,由此可以起到析出相强化的效果,从而大大提高熔覆层的硬度。
图5为本发明效果验证中S1的析出相SEM图。从图中可以看出,S1的熔覆层表面有清晰的薄片状和颗粒状析出相,经测定,此析出相为WC。本发明中的WC以细小的颗粒的形式分布在了涂层中,作为硬质相大大提高了涂层的硬度与耐磨性。
(1)将S1-3及D1-5进行性能测试,包括:涂层平均硬度和磨损失重。其中,涂层平均硬度由洛氏硬度仪测试得到;磨损失重由摩擦磨损试验机测试得到。测试结果如表1所示。
表145#钢性能测试
项目 | S1 | S2 | S3 | D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 |
涂层平均硬度(HRC) | 73.2 | 81.2 | 80.1 | 53.3 | 62.0 | 74.8 | 75.2 | 24.5 |
磨损失重(mg) | 1.8 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 4.3 | 5.2 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 6.2 |
由表1中S2与D2的对比可知,在仅省略W的情况下,对应45#钢的涂层硬度和磨损失重都显著降低,由此证明了WC对硬度、耐磨性能的提升效果。同样的,由表1中D2与S1的对比,也可证明WC对硬度、耐磨性能的提升效果。
图6为本发明效果验证中D5与S1的磨损后SEM图。其中,(a)为效果验证中D5的磨损后SEM图,(b)为效果验证中S1的磨损后SEM图。由图可知,D5在磨损过程中出现了大范围的剥落和犁沟,质量损失明显;而S1的熔覆层仅出现了轻微的犁沟,未出现明显的磨损碎屑。表明以本发明制备的熔覆粉末制备的熔覆层,在高温环境下的减磨耐磨性要优于基体。
图7为本发明效果验证中S1和D3的熔覆层微观图。通过对比S1和D3的熔覆层微观图,可以发现D3的熔覆层出现了裂纹,通过对粉末成分分析可知,C含量过高会提升涂层的开裂敏感性,因此C含量控制在0.3%以内,能够制备出无裂纹激光熔覆层。
图8为本发明效果验证中S2和D4的表面形貌图。其中,(a)为效果验证中D4的表面形貌图,(b)为效果验证中S2的表面形貌图。由图可知,添加稀土元素La时,其熔覆层组织得到了细化,二次枝晶间距减小,枝晶组织逐渐细小;说明添加适量的稀土元素可以使得晶界面积增加,使偏聚在一起的有害物质进一步减少,提高晶界韧性。
以上所述的实施例仅是对本发明的优选方式进行描述,并非对本发明的范围进行限定,在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下,本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案做出的各种变形和改进,均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。
Claims (7)
1.一种45#钢高温用激光熔覆粉末,其特征在于,按质量百分比计,包含以下化学成分:
C:0.2-0.3%,B:2.0-3.0%,Si:1.0-2.0%,Mo:2.0-5.0%,Cu:0.10-0.25%,Mn:0.5-0.8%,Ni:5.0-8.0%,Cr:15.0-18.0%,V:0.2-0.3%,W:0.2-0.3%,稀土元素:0.005-0.016%,其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质;
所述稀土元素为La、Ce和Y中的一种或几种;
所述45#钢高温用激光熔覆粉末的微观形貌为球形;所述45#钢高温用激光熔覆粉末的平均粒径为80-200μm;
所述45#钢高温用激光熔覆粉末的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)加热融化45#钢,再加入氧化钼、氧化铬,得到预制物;
(2)向硫酸镍水溶液中加入草酸铵制得草酸镍沉淀;
(3)将预制物和草酸镍沉淀、氯化硼、氧化钒、氧化钨、稀土元素混合,加热并通入BCl3和还原剂,得到预制粉末;
(4)将预制粉末加热熔融,然后在保护气氛中进行加压雾化,干燥,过筛,即得所述45#钢高温用激光熔覆粉末。
2.根据权利要求1所述的45#钢高温用激光熔覆粉末,其特征在于,按质量百分比计,包含以下化学成分:
C:0.23-0.25%,B:2.3-2.5%,Si:1.5-1.7%,Mo:3.5-4.0%,Cu:0.18-0.20%,Mn:0.65-0.70%,Ni:6.0-7.0%,Cr:16.5-17.0%,V:0.23-0.25%,W:0.23-0.25%,稀土元素:0.008-0.016%,其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
3.根据权利要求1所述的45#钢高温用激光熔覆粉末,其特征在于,按质量百分比计,化学成分为:
C:0.245%,B:2.37%,Si:1.55%,Mo:3.85%,Cu:0.192%,Mn:0.68%,Ni:6.2%,Cr:17.0%,V:0.235%,W:0.248%,稀土元素:0.016%,其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
4.一种权利要求1-3任一项所述45#钢高温用激光熔覆粉末的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)加热融化45#钢,再加入氧化钼、氧化铬,得到预制物;
(2)向硫酸镍水溶液中加入草酸铵制得草酸镍沉淀;
(3)将预制物和草酸镍沉淀、氯化硼、氧化钒、氧化钨、稀土元素混合,加热并通入BCl3和还原剂,得到预制粉末;
(4)将预制粉末加热熔融,然后在保护气氛中进行加压雾化,干燥,过筛,即得所述45#钢高温用激光熔覆粉末。
5.根据权利要求4所述45#钢高温用激光熔覆粉末的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中:所述加热为800-1500℃下加热1h;所述还原剂为H2或CO。
6.根据权利要求4所述45#钢高温用激光熔覆粉末的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中:所述加压的压力为3.5-4MPa;所述过筛为过80目筛。
7.一种权利要求1所述的45#钢高温用激光熔覆粉末在45#钢表面熔覆中的应用。
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