CN116177529A - Preparation method of biomass-based two-dimensional nano carbon material and two-dimensional nano carbon material - Google Patents
Preparation method of biomass-based two-dimensional nano carbon material and two-dimensional nano carbon material Download PDFInfo
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- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
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- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
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- 241001070941 Castanea Species 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 15
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
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- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 description 3
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a biomass-based two-dimensional nano carbon material and the two-dimensional nano carbon material, and the method comprises the following steps: adding the crushed biomass material into a mixed solution to obtain a first mixture, wherein the mixed solution is formed by mixing alkali metal carbonate and potassium chloride solution; grinding the first mixture after cooling and drying treatment to obtain a powdery second mixture; pyrolyzing the second mixture under inert gas atmosphere to obtain a third mixture; and washing the third mixture with water and drying to obtain the biomass-based two-dimensional nano carbon material. Therefore, the invention has the advantages of simpler operation without adding additional templates, milder chemical reagent, high safety and small corrosion to equipment, and the adopted reagent can be dissolved in water, does not need to be washed by using acid solution additionally, is not easy to cause secondary pollution and is beneficial to industrialized large-scale production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of production of two-dimensional carbon materials, in particular to a preparation method of a biomass-based two-dimensional nano carbon material and the two-dimensional nano carbon material.
Background
The two-dimensional nano carbon material is more and more focused and favored in the fields of supercapacitors, catalysts, adsorption and the like due to the unique advantages of the two-dimensional sheet structure, including large specific surface area, good electron diffusion channel and controllable active sites which are easy to regulate and control. The method is a large country of agriculture and forestry, has wide sources of agricultural and forestry wastes, low cost and high carbon element content, and is a precursor for preparing a good carbon material, so that the preparation of the two-dimensional nano carbon material by utilizing the agricultural and forestry wastes has important research significance and wide application prospect.
However, the two-dimensional nano carbon material has the defects of complex preparation and high cost, and particularly in the traditional preparation process, the most widely used chemicals are toxic and highly corrosive zinc chloride and potassium hydroxide; during treatment, corrosive metal salts, hydrochloric acid and other strong acid washing materials are also needed, and in the process, potential safety hazards exist, equipment is greatly corroded, and large-scale production is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides a preparation method of a biomass-based two-dimensional nano carbon material.
The invention further provides a two-dimensional nano carbon material.
According to the preparation method of the biomass-based two-dimensional nano carbon material, which is provided by the embodiment of the invention, the method comprises the following steps:
adding the crushed biomass material into a mixed solution to obtain a first mixture, wherein the mixed solution is formed by mixing alkali metal carbonate and potassium chloride solution;
grinding the first mixture after cooling and drying treatment to obtain a powdery second mixture;
pyrolyzing the second mixture under inert gas atmosphere to obtain a third mixture;
and washing the third mixture with water and drying to obtain the biomass-based two-dimensional nano carbon material.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the biomass is any one or a combination of at least two of agricultural solid waste, forest waste, municipal solid waste, wherein the agricultural solid waste comprises corn stover, soybean stover, peanut hulls, coconut shells, chitosan, chestnut shells; the wood waste comprises moso bamboo, birch and phoenix tree; the municipal solid waste comprises paper, plastic and rubber.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the alkali metal carbonate is potassium carbonate or potassium bicarbonate.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the ratio of the biomass to the potassium chloride ranges from 1:1 to 1:15.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the ratio of the biomass to the potassium chloride is 1:10.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the ratio of the biomass to the alkali metal carbonate is 1:3.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the temperature at which the second mixture is pyrolyzed under an inert gas atmosphere ranges from 700 ℃ to 900 ℃.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the temperature range at which the second mixture is pyrolyzed under an inert gas atmosphere is 800 ℃.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the second mixture is pyrolyzed under an inert gas atmosphere for a period of 1 hour.
According to the biomass-based two-dimensional nano carbon material in the second aspect of the embodiment of the invention, the two-dimensional nano carbon material prepared by adopting any one of the preparation methods is prepared.
The beneficial effects are that:
the invention has the advantages of simpler operation without adding additional templates, milder chemical reagent, high safety and small corrosiveness to equipment, and the adopted reagent can be dissolved in water, does not need to be washed by using acid solution, is not easy to cause secondary pollution, and is beneficial to industrialized large-scale production.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent and may be better understood from the following description of embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a transmission electron microscope for preparing a carbon material by cooling and drying according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a transmission electron microscope for oven drying to produce carbon materials in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below, by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A method for preparing a biomass-based two-dimensional nanocarbon material according to an embodiment of the present invention is described below with reference to fig. 1 to 2.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the preparation method of the biomass-based two-dimensional nano carbon material according to the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps of;
s1, adding crushed biomass materials into a mixed solution to obtain a first mixture, wherein the mixed solution is formed by mixing alkali metal carbonate and potassium chloride solution;
specifically, firstly, washing biomass with water, cleaning dust on the surface of the biomass, then, baking or drying in the sun at a low temperature by using an oven, crushing by using a crusher, and screening out 80-120-mesh biomass powder as biomass raw materials for later use; and then, preparing a mixed solution according to the proportional relation among the premixed biomass, the alkali metal carbonate and the potassium chloride, adding the premixed biomass raw material into the prepared mixed solution of the alkali metal carbonate and the potassium chloride, and fully stirring for 12 hours to uniformly disperse the biomass raw material in the mixed solution, so that the contact area of the biomass and the alkali metal carbonate is increased, and a better activation effect is achieved.
S2, cooling and drying the first mixture, and grinding to obtain a powdery second mixture; specifically, after the biomass and the mixed solution are fully and uniformly stirred, the biomass and the mixed solution are put into a freeze dryer for freeze drying for 24 hours, and after the freeze drying is finished, a solid mixture is obtained and is ground into powder.
It should be noted that, as can be seen from the experiment in example 5, the difference in the drying manner has a significant effect on the physical characteristics of the carbon material, that is, the carbon material obtained after the freeze-drying treatment has a two-dimensional structure, the carbon material obtained after the oven-drying treatment has a honeycomb structure, and the characteristics of the two materials have a great difference, so that the freeze-drying treatment is a necessary condition for obtaining the two-dimensional carbon material, and the two materials cannot be mixed.
S3, pyrolyzing the second mixture in an inert gas atmosphere to obtain a third mixture; specifically, the second mixture can be placed in a porcelain boat to be transferred into a quartz tube, a certain flow of inert gas is continuously introduced to empty the air in the quartz tube, a certain flow of inert gas is continuously introduced in the pyrolysis process, the quartz tube is placed in a pyrolysis furnace to be rapidly pyrolyzed for 1h at the temperature of 800 ℃, and the quartz tube is taken out from the pyrolysis furnace and cooled to room temperature in the air, so that a third mixture in the quartz tube is obtained.
S4, washing and drying the third mixture with water to obtain a biomass-based two-dimensional nano carbon material, specifically, taking out the carbon material after the material in the quartz tube is cooled to room temperature, washing the carbon material with deionized water to be neutral, and drying to obtain the two-dimensional flaky nano carbon material.
According to the invention, the alkali metal carbonate is used as an activating agent, the potassium chloride is used as molten salt, the safety is high, the corrosion to equipment is small, after the mixed solution of the alkali metal carbonate and the potassium chloride mixed with biomass is fully and uniformly stirred, water is condensed into ice, the volume is increased to squeeze the biomass, white salt powder separated out after ice sublimation wraps the biomass powder, then the biomass powder is subjected to high-temperature fast pyrolysis under the inert gas atmosphere, so that the alkali carbonate is converted into carbonate crystals and gas, the potassium chloride is converted into a molten state to provide a closed reaction space, the discharge of volatile matters is avoided, the solid yield is improved, the reaction of biochar is provided, the biochar is more fully reacted, meanwhile, the potassium chloride and the alkali metal carbonate crystals are used as templates for preparing the two-dimensional carbon material, the biomass is pyrolyzed into active carbon and is clung to the surface of the molten salt template, and the alkali metal carbonate and unreacted potassium chloride are dissolved in the water after washing by deionized water, so that the alkali metal carbonate and unreacted potassium chloride are dissolved in the water are removed, and finally the flaky two-dimensional nano material can be obtained after drying.
Therefore, the invention has the advantages of simpler operation without adding additional templates, milder chemical reagent, high safety and small corrosion to equipment, and the adopted reagent can be dissolved in water, does not need to be washed by using acid solution additionally, is not easy to cause secondary pollution and is beneficial to industrialized large-scale production.
Further, on the basis of the above embodiment, the biomass may be any one or a combination of at least two of agricultural solid waste, forest waste and municipal solid waste, wherein the agricultural solid waste includes corn stalk, soybean stalk, peanut shell, coconut shell, chitosan and chestnut shell; the wood waste comprises phyllostachys pubescens, birch and phoenix tree; municipal solid waste includes paper, plastic, rubber.
The experiment in combination with example 1 shows that the specific surface areas of two-dimensional carbon materials prepared from different biomasses are different, but the agricultural solid wastes and the biomass materials are different; the specific surface area of the carbon material prepared by the forestry solid waste is better than that of the carbon material prepared by the municipal solid waste,
in some embodiments of the invention, the alkali metal carbonate is potassium carbonate or potassium bicarbonate, wherein if the alkali metal carbonate is potassium bicarbonate, the potassium bicarbonate is stable in air and is decomposed when heated to 100-120 ℃, and is completely decomposed at 200 ℃, carbon dioxide and water are lost to form potassium carbonate, so that a foaming effect is generated, a porous structure is facilitated to be obtained, and the specific surface area of the carbon material is further increased.
During pyrolysis, potassium carbonate can continuously react with biochar at high temperature, non-carbon elements are eliminated at high temperature, carbon is condensed into an aromatic framework, and then oxidation-reduction reaction is carried out to generate etching action to form a porous structure, so that the specific surface area of the porous structure is increased.
The reaction is as follows:
K2CO3+C→K2O+2CO；
K2CO3→K2O+CO2；
2K+CO2→K2O+CO；
K2O+C→2K+CO；
finally becomes potassium vapor and carbon monoxide to be discharged.
Further, at the time of pyrolysis, potassium carbonate is mixed with potassium chloride to form a molten salt at a high temperature, and in general, potassium chloride has a melting point of 770 ℃ and potassium carbonate has a melting point of 891 ℃, but when potassium bicarbonate and potassium chloride are mixed, the melting point of the mixed salt is reduced to 627 ℃. Therefore, according to the parameters of the embodiment 4, the specific surface area can reach the peak value at 800 ℃, the melting point of the original potassium carbonate is close to nine hundred degrees, and the melting point of the original potassium carbonate can not form a molten state, but the melting point of the mixed salt is reduced through the coupling effect between the potassium carbonate and the potassium chloride, and the potassium carbonate and the potassium chloride can form the molten state when reaching the pyrolysis temperature corresponding to the peak value of the specific surface area, so that a closed space is provided for the reaction, the discharge of volatile matters is avoided, namely, the solid yield is improved, the space is provided for the reaction of the biochar, and the pyrolysis temperature is favorably within an economic temperature range, so that the specific surface area of the carbon material is improved; meanwhile, the molten salt closed space formed in the pyrolysis process is favorable for promoting the pyrolysis reaction, so that the potassium carbonate etching effect is more sufficient.
Example 1
In the embodiment, after four different types of biomasses are selected for crushing, 1g of corn straw, soybean straw, birch and rubber are respectively weighed for standby, and a two-dimensional nano carbon material is prepared according to the following preparation method;
washing biomass, cleaning dust impurities on the surface of the biomass, drying in the sun or baking the biomass in an oven at a low temperature, crushing the dried biomass by using a crusher, and screening 80-120-mesh biomass powder to serve as an experimental raw material for later use;
mixing 3g of potassium bicarbonate and 10g of potassium chloride, adding 50ml of deionized water, adding 1g of biomass powder when the solid is completely dissolved, putting into a rotor, and stirring for 12 hours;
step three, putting the uniformly stirred mixed solution into a freeze dryer, freeze-drying for 24 hours, obtaining a white solid mixture after drying, and fully grinding the white solid mixture;
placing the mixture in a porcelain boat, transferring the porcelain boat into a quartz tube, continuously introducing inert gas with a certain flow rate to empty air in the tube, and continuously introducing the inert gas with a certain flow rate in the pyrolysis process;
putting the quartz tube into a pyrolysis furnace, rapidly pyrolyzing at 800 ℃ for 1h, taking out from the pyrolysis furnace, and cooling to room temperature in air; and cooling, taking out the carbon material, washing with deionized water to neutrality, and drying to obtain the two-dimensional flaky nano carbon material.
The biochar prepared from different biomass raw materials is collected, the specific surface area of the biochar is measured in a nitrogen adsorption and desorption instrument, and the specific surface area of the prepared carbon material is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 specific surface area of two-dimensional nanocarbon Material prepared from different biological substances
As can be seen from the table, the two-dimensional carbon material prepared from the corn straw has larger specific surface area and stronger adsorption capacity. As can be seen from fig. 1, two-dimensional nanocarbon materials are finally produced regardless of the use of different biomasses, and the preparation method of the present invention is general in surface.
Example 2
In the embodiment, the influence of the proportion of potassium bicarbonate on the properties of the two-dimensional nano carbon material is tested, other factors are kept unchanged, the proportion of biomass and potassium bicarbonate is only changed, and the two-dimensional nano carbon material is prepared according to the following preparation method;
washing corn stalks, cleaning dust impurities on the surfaces of the corn stalks, drying or sun-drying the corn stalks in an oven at a low temperature, crushing the dried corn stalks by using a crusher, and screening corn stalk powder with 80-120 meshes to serve as an experimental raw material for standby;
step two, respectively mixing 1g, 2g, 3g, 4g of potassium bicarbonate and 10g of potassium chloride, adding 50ml of deionized water, adding 1g of corn stalk powder when the solid is completely dissolved, putting into a rotor, and stirring for 12 hours;
step three, putting the uniformly stirred mixed solution into a freeze dryer, freeze-drying for 24 hours, obtaining a white solid mixture after drying, and fully grinding the white solid mixture;
placing the mixture in a porcelain boat, transferring the porcelain boat into a quartz tube, continuously introducing inert gas with a certain flow rate to empty air in the tube, and continuously introducing the inert gas with a certain flow rate in the pyrolysis process;
putting the quartz tube into a pyrolysis furnace, rapidly pyrolyzing at 800 ℃ for 1h, taking out from the pyrolysis furnace, and cooling to room temperature in air; and cooling, taking out the carbon material, washing with deionized water to neutrality, and drying to obtain the two-dimensional flaky nano carbon material.
The biochar prepared by different potassium bicarbonate ratios is collected and detected by a nitrogen adsorption and desorption instrument, and the specific surface areas of the prepared carbon materials are shown in table 2 under the conditions of different corn stalks and potassium bicarbonate ratios:
TABLE 2 specific surface area of two-dimensional nanocarbon Material prepared with different Potassium bicarbonate ratios
From the table, when the ratio of the corn straw to the potassium bicarbonate is different, the specific surface areas of the prepared two-dimensional nano carbon materials are different, and when the ratio of the corn straw to the potassium bicarbonate is 1:3, the specific surface area of the prepared material is the largest. And although potassium bicarbonate is used in different proportions, two-dimensional nano carbon materials are finally prepared.
Example 3
In the embodiment, the influence of different potassium chloride ratios on the preparation of the two-dimensional nano carbon material is tested, other factors are kept unchanged, only the ratio of biomass to potassium chloride is changed, and the two-dimensional nano carbon material is prepared according to the following preparation method;
washing corn stalks, cleaning dust impurities on the surfaces of the corn stalks, drying or sun-drying the corn stalks in an oven at a low temperature, crushing the dried corn stalks by using a crusher, and screening corn stalk powder with 80-120 meshes to serve as an experimental raw material for standby;
step two, respectively mixing 3g of potassium bicarbonate with 0g of potassium chloride, 5g of potassium bicarbonate, 10g of potassium chloride and 15g of potassium chloride, adding 50ml of deionized water, adding 1g of corn stalk powder when the solid is completely dissolved, putting into a rotor, and stirring for 12 hours;
step three, putting the uniformly stirred mixed solution into a freeze dryer, freeze-drying for 24 hours, obtaining a white solid mixture after drying, and fully grinding the white solid mixture;
placing the mixture in a porcelain boat, transferring the porcelain boat into a quartz tube, continuously introducing inert gas with a certain flow rate to empty air in the tube, and continuously introducing the inert gas with a certain flow rate in the pyrolysis process;
putting the quartz tube into a pyrolysis furnace, rapidly pyrolyzing at 800 ℃ for 1h, taking out from the pyrolysis furnace, and cooling to room temperature in air; and cooling, taking out the carbon material, washing with deionized water to neutrality, and drying to obtain the two-dimensional flaky nano carbon material.
The biochar prepared by different potassium chloride ratios is collected and detected by a nitrogen adsorption and desorption instrument, and the specific surface areas of the prepared carbon materials are shown in Table 3 under the condition of the potassium chloride with different ratios:
TABLE 3 specific surface area of two-dimensional nanocarbon Material prepared with different Potassium chloride ratios
From the above table, it is found that when different proportions of potassium chloride are used, the specific surface areas of the two-dimensional nano carbon materials are different. And when the proportion of potassium chloride is 0, namely only corn stalk and potassium bicarbonate can not form a two-dimensional carbon material.
Potassium chloride is necessary in the formation of two-dimensional materials. When the proportion of potassium chloride is 10, the prepared two-dimensional carbon material has the largest specific surface area and the best effect.
Example 4
In the embodiment, the influence of different pyrolysis temperatures on the properties of the two-dimensional nano carbon material is tested, other factors are kept unchanged, only the pyrolysis temperature is changed, and the two-dimensional nano carbon material is prepared according to the following preparation method;
washing corn stalks, cleaning dust impurities on the surfaces of the corn stalks, drying or sun-drying the corn stalks in an oven at a low temperature, crushing the dried corn stalks by using a crusher, and screening corn stalk powder with 80-120 meshes to serve as an experimental raw material for standby;
step two, respectively mixing 3g of potassium bicarbonate and 10g of potassium chloride, adding 50ml of deionized water, adding 1g of corn stalk powder when the solid is completely dissolved, putting into a rotor, and stirring for 12 hours;
step three, putting the uniformly stirred mixed solution into a freeze dryer, freeze-drying for 24 hours, obtaining a white solid mixture after drying, and fully grinding the white solid mixture;
placing the mixture in a porcelain boat, transferring the porcelain boat into a quartz tube, continuously introducing inert gas with a certain flow rate to empty air in the tube, and continuously introducing the inert gas with a certain flow rate in the pyrolysis process;
putting the quartz tube into a pyrolysis furnace, respectively carrying out fast pyrolysis at 600 ℃, 700 ℃,800 ℃ and 900 ℃ for 1h, taking out from the pyrolysis furnace, and cooling to room temperature in air; and cooling, taking out the carbon material, washing with deionized water to neutrality, and drying to obtain the two-dimensional flaky nano carbon material.
Collecting two-dimensional nano carbon materials prepared at different pyrolysis temperatures, detecting the two-dimensional nano carbon materials by a nitrogen adsorption and desorption instrument, and under the conditions of different pyrolysis temperatures, wherein the specific surface areas of the prepared carbon materials are shown in Table 4:
TABLE 4 physical Properties of two-dimensional nanocarbon Material prepared at different pyrolysis temperatures
As can be seen from the above table, the pyrolysis temperature has a larger influence on the specific surface area of the carbon material, and as the temperature increases, the specific surface area increases and decreases, and when the temperature is 900 ℃, the specific surface area is maximized at 800 ℃ because some pore structures collapse due to the excessively high temperature.
Example 5
In the embodiment, the influence of different drying modes on the preparation of the two-dimensional nano carbon material is tested, other factors are kept unchanged, only the drying mode is changed, and the two-dimensional nano carbon material is prepared according to the following preparation method;
washing corn stalks, cleaning dust impurities on the surfaces of the corn stalks, drying or sun-drying the corn stalks in an oven at a low temperature, crushing the dried corn stalks by using a crusher, and screening corn stalk powder with 80-120 meshes to serve as an experimental raw material for standby;
step two, respectively mixing 3g of potassium bicarbonate and 10g of potassium chloride, adding 50ml of deionized water, adding 1g of corn stalk powder when the solid is completely dissolved, putting into a rotor, and stirring for 12h. Preparing two parts;
and thirdly, placing the prepared mixed solution with uniform stirring into a freeze dryer, freeze-drying for 24 hours, obtaining a white solid mixture after drying, and fully grinding the white solid mixture.
Drying the other part of the mixture in an oven at 70 ℃, and grinding the solid mixture obtained after drying;
placing the mixture in a porcelain boat, transferring the porcelain boat into a quartz tube, continuously introducing inert gas with a certain flow rate to empty air in the tube, and continuously introducing the inert gas with a certain flow rate in the pyrolysis process;
putting the quartz tube into a pyrolysis furnace, rapidly pyrolyzing at 800 ℃ for 1h, taking out from the pyrolysis furnace, and cooling to room temperature in air; and cooling, taking out the carbon material, washing with deionized water to neutrality, and drying to obtain the carbon material.
Collecting carbon materials prepared in different drying modes, detecting by a nitrogen adsorption and desorption instrument, and under the conditions of different drying modes, the specific surface area of the prepared carbon materials is shown in the attached figure 1, wherein the figure 1 is a two-dimensional structure of the carbon materials obtained by freeze drying, and the figure 2 is a conventional honeycomb structure of the carbon materials obtained by oven drying.
The two-dimensional carbon material comprises the two-dimensional nano carbon material prepared by the preparation method of the embodiment, wherein the carbon material prepared by the preparation method of the embodiment has better performance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present specification, reference to the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: many changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing a biomass-based two-dimensional nano carbon material, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
adding the crushed biomass material into a mixed solution to obtain a first mixture, wherein the mixed solution is formed by mixing alkali metal carbonate and potassium chloride solution;
grinding the first mixture after cooling and drying treatment to obtain a powdery second mixture;
pyrolyzing the second mixture under inert gas atmosphere to obtain a third mixture;
and washing the third mixture with water and drying to obtain the biomass-based two-dimensional nano carbon material.
2. The method for preparing a biomass-based two-dimensional nanocarbon material according to claim 1, wherein the biomass is any one or a combination of at least two of agricultural solid waste, forest waste and municipal solid waste, wherein the agricultural solid waste comprises corn stalks, soybean stalks, peanut shells, coconut shells, chitosan and chestnut shells; the wood waste comprises moso bamboo, birch and phoenix tree; the urban solid waste comprises paper, plastic and rubber.
3. The method for preparing a biomass-based two-dimensional nanocarbon material according to claim 1, wherein the alkali metal carbonate is potassium carbonate or potassium bicarbonate.
4. The method for preparing a biomass-based two-dimensional nanocarbon material according to claim 3, wherein a mass ratio of the biomass to the potassium chloride is in a range of 1:1 to 1:15.
5. The method for preparing a biomass-based two-dimensional nanocarbon material according to claim 4, wherein a mass ratio of the biomass to the potassium chloride is 1:10.
6. The method for preparing a biomass-based two-dimensional nanocarbon material according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the mass ratio of the biomass to the alkali metal carbonate is 1:3.
7. The method for preparing a biomass-based two-dimensional nanocarbon material according to claim 1, wherein the temperature range at which the second mixture is pyrolyzed under an inert gas atmosphere is 700 ℃ to 900 ℃.
8. The method for preparing a biomass-based two-dimensional nanocarbon material according to claim 7, wherein the temperature range at which the second mixture is pyrolyzed under an inert gas atmosphere is 800 ℃.
9. The method for preparing a biomass-based two-dimensional nanocarbon material according to claim 8, wherein the time for pyrolysis of the second mixture under an inert gas atmosphere is 1 hour.
10. A two-dimensional nanocarbon material, characterized in that: a two-dimensional nanocarbon material prepared by the preparation method of a biomass-based two-dimensional nanocarbon material according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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