CN116175272A - 5-axis one-time processing technology - Google Patents

5-axis one-time processing technology Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116175272A
CN116175272A CN202310193895.4A CN202310193895A CN116175272A CN 116175272 A CN116175272 A CN 116175272A CN 202310193895 A CN202310193895 A CN 202310193895A CN 116175272 A CN116175272 A CN 116175272A
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machining
axis
cutting
mode
finishing
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高琼
马秀芹
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Suzhou Haoguo Precision Machinery Technology Co ltd
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Suzhou Haoguo Precision Machinery Technology Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q15/00—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02P90/02—Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Numerical Control (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of five-axis machining, and discloses a one-time 5-axis machining process, which comprises the following steps: 1) Drawing a CAD drawing, drawing an equal-scale workpiece drawing according to the shape of a required workpiece, and standardizing detailed size parameters of the workpiece; 2) Setting parameters of the five-axis machining center, setting an object to be machined of the five-axis machining center, preparing a cutting tool to be used, setting a proper cutting mode according to the drawing drawn in the step 1), and inputting size data of a workpiece. According to the 5-axis one-time processing technology, semi-finishing is performed by using the 3+2 mode and finishing is performed by using the five-axis linkage mode, so that the reasonable distribution of the processing modes is realized, the workload of programming input is reduced, one processing mode corresponds to one processing step, and the steps of the 5-axis one-time processing technology are simplified, so that the processing of a formed blank is more convenient and quick.

Description

5-axis one-time processing technology
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of five-axis machining, in particular to a one-time 5-axis machining process.
Background
Five-axis machining is a mode of numerical control machine tool machining, and means that when machining parts with complex geometric shapes, a machining tool needs to be positioned and connected in five degrees of freedom, and when describing the movement of the numerical control machine tool, a right-hand rectangular coordinate system is adopted, wherein coordinate axes parallel to a main shaft are defined as z axes, rotation coordinates around x, y and z axes are A, B and C respectively, the movement of each coordinate axis can be realized by a workbench or by the movement of the tool, but the directions are defined by the movement direction of the tool relative to a workpiece, and generally five-axis linkage means linear interpolation movement of any 5 coordinates in x, y, z, A, B and C.
When a numerical control machine tool processes a part or a die, a 3+2 mode or a five-axis linkage mode is generally adopted for processing, so that the program data volume is large, and the workload of a worker for parameter setting and programming input of the numerical control machine tool is large, and therefore, a 5-axis one-time processing technology is provided for solving the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
(one) solving the technical problems
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a 5-axis one-time processing technology which has the advantages of small program data size and convenient processing, and solves the problem of larger program data size of the existing five-axis linkage mode processing.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
preferably, in the implementation process of the step 3), under the condition that the cutting parameters are fixed, the spindle vibrates or generates abnormal noise, so that the unreasonable setting of the cutting parameters is judged, and the cutting parameters need to be modified in time.
Preferably, in said step 4), care should be taken that the cutting depth of the tool is not too great, and that the cutting depth is 2 to 6 mm, beyond which the layering process is performed.
Preferably, in the step 6), when the nonmetallic material mold is finished by five axes, the feeding speed is 1800mm/min to 3000mm/min, and the maximum machining allowance is 1mm.
Preferably, in the step 5), the margin used for calculating the residual boundary is required to be identical to the margin left by the rough machining, and the "cavity machining" is eliminated when the concave surface in the contour machining of the residual boundary is used.
The invention provides a 5-axis one-time processing technology, which comprises the following steps:
1) Drawing a CAD drawing, drawing an equal-scale workpiece drawing according to the shape of a required workpiece, and standardizing detailed size parameters of the workpiece;
2) Setting parameters of a five-axis machining center, namely setting an object to be machined of the five-axis machining center, preparing a cutting tool to be used, setting a proper cutting mode according to the drawing drawn in the step 1), and inputting size data of a workpiece;
3) Cutting, namely fixing a blank to be processed on a numerical control machine tool, setting a motion track of a cutting tool, and carrying out preliminary contour machining on the blank to obtain a molded blank;
4) Rough machining, namely machining a formed blank according to a machining principle from high to low, wherein the height difference exceeds the radius of a cutter, the angle of the cutter is required to be more than 70 degrees and less than 140 degrees, the execution path is required to be as gentle as possible, the feeding mode is a vertical circular arc, and when the linear speed of a numerical control machine can be up, the rough machining mode of small cutting depth and high feeding is carried out;
5) Semi-finishing, namely, semi-finishing by using a 3+2 mode, firstly calculating the boundary contour of the residual material, then selecting a smaller cutter to machine the contour area of the formed embryo, and then adopting a contour finish machining method to machine the inside of the residual material area of the formed embryo;
6) And (3) finishing, namely, finishing by using a 3+2 mode or five-axis linkage mode, wherein the A and C axes must be locked when the 3+2 mode is used, and when the five-axis finishing is used, referring to a nonmetallic industry processing technological scheme, reserving 0.5 to 0.8 millimeter for using the five-axis finishing, ensuring the finish of a cutter as much as possible from the aspects of the smoothness and the finish accuracy when the molded surface of a molded blank is processed, and taking the cutter at a non-critical position when the cutter is needed.
(III) beneficial effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a 5-axis one-time processing technology, which has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the one-time processing technology for the 5-axis, when the rough machining process is carried out, the forming embryo is processed by adopting a processing principle from high to low, so that the effect of small program data size can be achieved, and the rough machining mode of small cutting depth and high feeding is adopted, so that the forming embryo is processed more conveniently and rapidly.
2. According to the 5-axis primary machining process, semi-finishing is performed by using the 3+2 mode and finishing is performed by using the five-axis linkage mode, so that the machining mode is reasonably distributed, the workload of programming input is reduced, one machining mode corresponds to one machining step, the profile machining of a formed blank is limited, the steps of the 5-axis primary machining process are simplified, and the practicability of the 5-axis primary machining process is enhanced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a 5-axis one-time processing technology provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Embodiment one: a one-time processing technology of a 5-axis comprises the following steps:
1) Drawing a CAD drawing, drawing an equal-scale workpiece drawing according to the shape of a required workpiece, and standardizing detailed size parameters of the workpiece;
2) Setting parameters of a five-axis machining center, namely setting an object to be machined of the five-axis machining center, preparing a cutting tool to be used, setting a proper cutting mode according to the drawing drawn in the step 1), and inputting size data of a workpiece;
3) Cutting, namely fixing a blank to be processed on a numerical control machine tool, setting a motion track of a cutting tool, and carrying out preliminary contour machining on the blank to obtain a molded blank;
in the implementation process, in the condition of fixed cutting parameters, the spindle vibrates or generates abnormal noise, and whether the cutting parameters are set reasonably or whether the local cutting amount of the blank is too large needs to be judged, so that the parameters are modified timely, and further the cutting machining of the blank is more accurate.
4) Rough machining, namely machining a formed blank according to a machining principle from high to low, wherein the height difference exceeds the radius of a cutter, the angle of the cutter is required to be more than 70 degrees and less than 140 degrees, the execution of a cutter path is required to be as gentle as possible, the data amount of a program is reduced as much as possible, the feeding mode is a vertical circular arc, the cutting depth of the cutter cannot be too large, the damage to a machine tool is reduced as much as possible, the most cutting depth is preferably 2 to 6 millimeters, layering machining is required to be performed beyond the depth, so that the process of machining the formed blank is clearer, and the rough machining mode of small cutting depth and high feeding can be performed when the linear speed of a numerical control machine tool can be increased;
in the layering processing process, external cutting or oblique cutting is needed for layering cutting, if more steep faces exist on the molded surface, local equal-height programs of the steep faces are increased, and therefore the cutting mode is suitable for processing with different depths.
5) Semi-finishing, namely, semi-finishing by using a 3+2 mode, firstly calculating the boundary contour of the residual material, then selecting a smaller cutter to process the contour area of the formed blank without reprocessing the whole formed blank, and then adopting a contour finishing method to process the inside of the residual material area of the formed blank, thereby ensuring the uniformity of the allowance of the next process and eliminating the deformation of the workpiece produced after the step 4);
in the implementation process, the allowance used in the step 5) is calculated and is consistent with the allowance left by rough machining, and when the concave surface in the contour machining of the residual boundary is used, the cavity machining is cancelled, so that the cutting force of a machining tool and a material is prevented from being excessively large and broken.
6) The finish machining is carried out by using a 3+2 mode or five-axis linkage mode, the A and the C axes are required to be locked when the 3+2 mode machining is used, when the five-axis finish machining is used, the five-axis finish machining is reserved by referring to a non-metal industry machining process scheme, 0.5 to 0.8 millimeter, when the non-metal material mold is finished by the five-axis finish machining, the feeding speed is 1800mm/min to 3000mm/min, the machining allowance cannot be more than 1mm, so that the feeding speed of a machining tool is limited, the use safety of the machining tool is ensured, the finish of one tool is realized as much as possible when the profile machining of a formed blank is required, the grinding amount of a clamp worker is required to be reduced at a non-critical position after the machining;
embodiment two: 1) Drawing a CAD drawing, drawing an equal-scale workpiece drawing according to the shape of a required workpiece, and standardizing detailed size parameters of the workpiece;
2) Setting parameters of a five-axis machining center, namely setting an object to be machined of the five-axis machining center, preparing a cutting tool to be used, setting a proper cutting mode according to the drawing drawn in the step 1), and inputting size data of a workpiece;
3) Cutting, namely fixing a blank to be processed on a numerical control machine tool, setting a motion track of a cutting tool, and carrying out preliminary contour machining on the blank to obtain a molded blank;
in the implementation process, in the condition of fixed cutting parameters, the spindle vibrates or generates abnormal noise, and whether the cutting parameters are set reasonably or whether the local cutting amount of the blank is too large needs to be judged, so that the parameters are modified timely, and further the cutting machining of the blank is more accurate.
4) Rough machining, namely machining a formed blank according to a machining principle from high to low, wherein the height difference exceeds the radius of a cutter, the angle of the cutter is required to be 70 ℃, the execution of a cutter path is required to be as gentle as possible, the data volume of a program is reduced as much as possible, the feeding mode is a vertical circular arc, the cutting depth of the cutter cannot be too large, the damage to a machine tool is reduced as much as possible, the optimal cutting depth is preferably 2 mm, layering machining is required to be carried out beyond the depth, so that the process of machining the formed blank is clearer, and the rough machining mode of small cutting depth and high feeding can be carried out when the linear speed of a numerical control machine tool can be up;
in the layering processing process, external cutting or oblique cutting is needed for layering cutting, if more steep faces exist on the molded surface, local equal-height programs of the steep faces are increased, and therefore the cutting mode is suitable for processing with different depths.
5) Semi-finishing, namely, semi-finishing by using a 3+2 mode, firstly calculating the boundary contour of the residual material, then selecting a smaller cutter to process the contour area of the formed blank without reprocessing the whole formed blank, and then adopting a contour finishing method to process the inside of the residual material area of the formed blank, thereby ensuring the uniformity of the allowance of the next process and eliminating the deformation of the workpiece produced after the step 4);
in the implementation process, the allowance used in the step 5) is calculated and is consistent with the allowance left by rough machining, and when the concave surface in the contour machining of the residual boundary is used, the cavity machining is cancelled, so that the cutting force of a machining tool and a material is prevented from being excessively large and broken.
6) Finish machining is carried out by using a 3+2 mode or five-axis linkage mode, A and C axes are required to be locked when the 3+2 mode machining is used, when the five-axis finish machining is used, the five-axis finish machining is reserved for 0.5 mm according to a machining process scheme of a nonmetallic industry, when a nonmetallic material die is subjected to the five-axis finish machining, the feeding speed is 1800mm/min to 2400mm/min, the machining allowance cannot be larger than 1mm, so that the feeding speed of a machining tool is limited, the use safety of the machining tool is ensured, one-tool finish is realized as much as possible when the molded surface machining of a molded blank is ensured from the aspects of smoothness and molded surface machining accuracy, and the grinding amount of a clamp is required to be reduced as much as possible at an uncritical position when the tool is required to be connected after the machining;
embodiment III: 1) Drawing a CAD drawing, drawing an equal-scale workpiece drawing according to the shape of a required workpiece, and standardizing detailed size parameters of the workpiece;
2) Setting parameters of a five-axis machining center, namely setting an object to be machined of the five-axis machining center, preparing a cutting tool to be used, setting a proper cutting mode according to the drawing drawn in the step 1), and inputting size data of a workpiece;
3) Cutting, namely fixing a blank to be processed on a numerical control machine tool, setting a motion track of a cutting tool, and carrying out preliminary contour machining on the blank to obtain a molded blank;
in the implementation process, in the condition of fixed cutting parameters, the spindle vibrates or generates abnormal noise, and whether the cutting parameters are set reasonably or whether the local cutting amount of the blank is too large needs to be judged, so that the parameters are modified timely, and further the cutting machining of the blank is more accurate.
4) Rough machining, namely machining a formed blank according to a machining principle from high to low, wherein the height difference exceeds the radius of a cutter, the angle of the cutter is 140 ℃, the execution of a cutter path is as gentle as possible, the data volume of a program is reduced as much as possible, the feeding mode is a vertical circular arc, the cutting depth of the cutter cannot be too large, the damage to a machine tool is reduced as much as possible, the optimal cutting depth is 6 mm, layering machining is required to be carried out beyond the depth, the process of machining the formed blank is clearer, and the rough machining mode of small cutting depth and high feeding can be carried out when the linear speed of a numerical control machine tool can be up;
in the layering processing process, external cutting or oblique cutting is needed for layering cutting, if more steep faces exist on the molded surface, local equal-height programs of the steep faces are increased, and therefore the cutting mode is suitable for processing with different depths.
5) Semi-finishing, namely, semi-finishing by using a 3+2 mode, firstly calculating the boundary contour of the residual material, then selecting a smaller cutter to process the contour area of the formed blank without reprocessing the whole formed blank, and then adopting a contour finishing method to process the inside of the residual material area of the formed blank, thereby ensuring the uniformity of the allowance of the next process and eliminating the deformation of the workpiece produced after the step 4);
in the implementation process, the allowance used in the step 5) is calculated and is consistent with the allowance left by rough machining, and when the concave surface in the contour machining of the residual boundary is used, the cavity machining is cancelled, so that the cutting force of a machining tool and a material is prevented from being excessively large and broken.
6) The finish machining is carried out by using a 3+2 mode or five-axis linkage mode, A and C axes must be locked when the 3+2 mode machining is used, when the five-axis finish machining is used, the five-axis finish machining is reserved by referring to a non-metal industry machining process scheme, 0.8 mm is reserved, when a non-metal material mold is machined by the five-axis finish machining, the feeding speed is 2400mm/min to 3000mm/min, the machining allowance cannot be larger than 1mm, so that the feeding speed of a machining tool is limited, the use safety of the machining tool is ensured, one-tool finish is realized as much as possible when the profile machining of a formed blank is ensured from the aspects of smoothness and profile machining accuracy, and the grinding amount of a clamp is reduced as much as possible after the machining.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: according to the 5-axis one-time processing technology, rough processing is carried out on a formed blank by adopting a processing principle from high to low, the height difference is controlled to be larger than the radius of a cutter, the cutter angle is required to be larger than 70 degrees and smaller than 140 degrees, the execution cutter path is required to be gentle as much as possible, the cutter feeding mode adopts a vertical circular arc, the processing speed of the formed blank is guaranteed, the data volume of a procedure in rough processing is reduced, the input and writing of programming data of workers are reduced, the finish processing of five axes is further carried out by adopting reserved 0.5 to 0.8 mm, the smoothness of profile processing of the formed blank and the accuracy of profile processing are guaranteed, the cutting depth of the cutter is limited to be 2 to 6 mm, damage to a machine tool is guaranteed to be reduced, the feeding speed of the processing cutter is controlled to be 1800mm/min to 3000mm/min, and stable cutting is realized, and the five-axis one-time processing technology is simplified.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (6)

1. A one-time processing technology of a 5-axis is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Drawing a CAD drawing, drawing an equal-scale workpiece drawing according to the shape of a required workpiece, and standardizing detailed size parameters of the workpiece;
2) Setting parameters of a five-axis machining center, namely setting an object to be machined of the five-axis machining center, preparing a cutting tool to be used, setting a proper cutting mode according to the drawing drawn in the step 1), and inputting size data of a workpiece;
3) Cutting, namely fixing a blank to be processed on a numerical control machine tool, setting a motion track of a cutting tool, and carrying out preliminary contour machining on the blank to obtain a molded blank;
4) Rough machining, namely machining a formed blank according to a machining principle from high to low, wherein the height difference exceeds the radius of a cutter, the angle of the cutter is required to be more than 70 degrees and less than 140 degrees, the execution path is required to be as gentle as possible, the feeding mode is a vertical circular arc, and when the linear speed of a numerical control machine can be up, the rough machining mode of small cutting depth and high feeding is carried out;
5) Semi-finishing, namely, semi-finishing by using a 3+2 mode, firstly calculating the boundary contour of the residual material, then selecting a smaller cutter to machine the contour area of the formed embryo, and then adopting a contour finish machining method to machine the inside of the residual material area of the formed embryo;
6) And (3) finishing, namely, finishing by using a 3+2 mode or five-axis linkage mode, wherein the A and C axes must be locked when the 3+2 mode is used, and when the five-axis finishing is used, referring to a nonmetallic industry processing technological scheme, reserving 0.5 to 0.8 millimeter for using the five-axis finishing, ensuring the finish of a cutter as much as possible from the aspects of the smoothness and the finish accuracy when the molded surface of a molded blank is processed, and taking the cutter at a non-critical position when the cutter is needed.
2. The one-time processing technology for 5 shafts according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), in the implementation process, under the condition that the cutting parameters are fixed, the main shaft vibrates or generates abnormal noise, so that the unreasonable setting of the cutting parameters is judged, and the cutting parameters need to be modified in time.
3. A 5-axis one-time processing according to claim 1, wherein in said step 4), attention is paid to the fact that the cutting depth of the tool must not be too large, the cutting depth is 2 to 6 mm, and layering is performed beyond this depth.
4. A 5-axis one-time processing according to claim 2, wherein in the layering process, the layering process requires external cutting or oblique cutting of the workpiece, and if there are more steep surfaces on the molded surface, the local contour procedure of the steep surfaces is increased.
5. The one-time processing process for 5 shafts according to claim 1, wherein in the step 6), when the five-shaft finishing nonmetallic material mold is used, the feeding speed is 1800mm/min to 3000mm/min, and the maximum value of the processing allowance is 1mm.
6. A 5-axis one-time processing process according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5), the allowance used in calculating the residual boundary is required to be consistent with the allowance left in rough processing, and the "cavity processing" is required to be canceled when the concave surface in the contour processing of the residual boundary is used.
CN202310193895.4A 2023-03-03 2023-03-03 5-axis one-time processing technology Withdrawn CN116175272A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Application publication date: 20230530