CN116154099A - Composite electrode pole piece, preparation method thereof, battery and electric equipment - Google Patents
Composite electrode pole piece, preparation method thereof, battery and electric equipment Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 205
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 202
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 73
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000006255 coating slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 25
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 11
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
The application provides a composite electrode pole piece and preparation method, battery and consumer thereof, the composite electrode pole piece includes: the electrode coating comprises a first coating and a second coating, wherein the first coating is arranged on one side far away from the current collector, the second coating is arranged on one side close to the current collector, active substances are contained in the first coating and the second coating, the active substances comprise at least one of polycrystalline high-nickel materials and hollow positive electrode materials, and the content of the hollow positive electrode materials in the first coating is larger than that of the hollow positive electrode materials in the second coating. By using different contents or different types of active substances in the first coating and the second coating, the composite electrode pole piece and the battery have high specific energy and high rate performance.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of batteries, in particular to a composite electrode pole piece, a preparation method thereof, a battery and electric equipment.
Background
With the rapid development of new energy automobiles and consumer electronics, in the application fields of power batteries, electric tools and the like, which need rapid charging and heavy current discharging, high specific energy of batteries is pursued, and meanwhile, high rate performance is required to be considered. The positive electrode is a key factor for restricting specific energy, rate performance and the like of the battery, and the energy density of the battery can be improved by improving the coating amount of the positive electrode, so that the specific energy of the battery is improved, but the thickness of the electrode is increased, so that the wettability of electrolyte is poor, the charge transmission distance is prolonged, the ion concentration difference and polarization are increased, and the impedance of the battery is increased, so that the capacity, the rate performance and the cycle life of the battery are influenced. Therefore, how to obtain a positive electrode sheet having both high specific energy and high rate performance is a problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present application aims to provide a composite electrode plate, a preparation method thereof, a battery and electric equipment.
Based on the above object, a first aspect of the present application provides a composite electrode sheet, including: the electrode coating comprises a first coating and a second coating, wherein the first coating is arranged on one side far away from the current collector, the second coating is arranged on one side close to the current collector, active substances are contained in the first coating and the second coating, the active substances comprise at least one of polycrystalline high-nickel materials and hollow positive electrode materials, and the content of the hollow positive electrode materials in the first coating is larger than that of the hollow positive electrode materials in the second coating.
Further, the mass of the hollow positive electrode material in the first coating layer accounts for 20-100% of the total mass of the active substances in the first coating layer;
and/or, the mass fraction of the hollow positive electrode material in the second coating layer is 0-50% of the total mass of the active substances in the second coating layer.
Further, the chemical formula of the polycrystalline high nickel material is LiNi a Co b M 1-a-b O 2 Wherein a is more than or equal to 0.8 and less than or equal to 1, b is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.3, and M is at least one of Mn and Al;
and/or the chemical formula of the hollow positive electrode material is LiNi x Co y N 1-x-y O 2 Wherein x is more than or equal to 0.5 and less than or equal to 0.96,0.02, y is more than or equal to 0.25, and N is at least one of Mn and Al.
Further, the average grain diameter D50 of the polycrystalline high nickel material is 4-25 mu m, and the specific surface area is 0.1-1.2m 2 Per gram, tap density is more than or equal to 2.1g/cm 3 ；
And/or the average particle diameter D50 of the hollow positive electrode material is 0.5-10 mu m, and the specific surface area is 0.1-1.5m 2 Per gram, tap density is more than or equal to 1.2g/cm 3 。
Further, the coating mass of the first coating on the unit area current collector is m 1 The coating mass of the second coating on the unit area current collector is m 2 ，0.05≤m 1 /m 2 ≤2。
Further, the first coating has a coating surface density of 50-400g/m 2 The thickness of the first coating is 10-200 mu m;
and/or the second coating has a coating surface density of 50-300g/m 2 And/or the thickness of the second coating is 10-200 μm.
Further, the first coating also comprises a conductive agent and a binder, wherein the mass ratio of the active substances, the conductive agent and the binder in the first coating is A to B (1-A-B), wherein A is more than or equal to 0.9 and less than or equal to 0.98; b is more than or equal to 0.01 and less than or equal to 0.05;
and/or the second coating further comprises a conductive agent and a binder, wherein the mass ratio of the active substances, the conductive agent and the binder in the second coating is X, Y (1-X-Y), and X is more than or equal to 0.9 and less than or equal to 0.98,0.005 and Y is more than or equal to 0.05.
The second aspect of the application provides a preparation method of a composite electrode slice, which comprises the following steps:
coating the slurry of the second coating on the current collector and drying to obtain a second coating; preferably, the active substance, the conductive agent and the binder of the second coating are uniformly dispersed in a solvent to prepare second coating slurry, the second coating slurry is coated on a current collector, and the second coating is formed after drying;
coating the slurry of the first coating on the second coating, drying and rolling to obtain the composite electrode plate; preferably, the active material, the conductive agent and the binder of the first coating are uniformly dispersed in a solvent to prepare a first coating slurry, the first coating slurry is uniformly coated on the second coating, a double-layer coated pole piece is formed after drying, and the double-layer coated pole piece is rolled to prepare the composite electrode pole piece.
A third aspect of the present application provides a battery, including the composite electrode sheet according to any one of the first aspect, or the composite electrode sheet prepared according to the second aspect.
A fourth aspect of the present application provides a powered device comprising a battery as described in the third aspect.
From the above, it can be seen that the composite electrode sheet, the preparation method thereof, the battery and the electric equipment provided by the application use different contents or different types of active substances in the first coating and the second coating, so that the composite electrode sheet and the battery have high specific energy and high rate performance. The specific capacity of the polycrystalline high-nickel material is high, the specific energy of the pole piece can be improved, the specific energy of the battery is improved, the special hollow structure of the hollow positive electrode material can increase the internal porosity of the pole piece, the ion transmission distance is reduced, and the rate capability of the battery is improved. Meanwhile, the content of the hollow positive electrode material in the first coating is larger than that of the hollow positive electrode material in the second coating, so that the porosity of the first coating is higher, and the porosity of the second coating is lower, so that gradient distribution of porosities among different coatings inside the pole piece is facilitated, infiltration of electrolyte and diffusion of lithium ions are facilitated, capacity exertion and rate capability can be effectively improved, and meanwhile, the porosity of the first coating is higher, so that the electrochemical active area of the pole piece is larger, and the electrochemical performance such as capacity, cycle life and the like of a battery are more facilitated to be improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present application or related art, the drawings that are required to be used in the description of the embodiments or related art will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present application, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort to those of ordinary skill in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a composite electrode sheet according to an embodiment of the present application, in which, 1 is a current collector; 2. a second coating; 3. a first coating;
FIG. 2 is an SEM image of a polycrystalline high nickel material used in example 1;
FIG. 3 is an SEM image of a hollow positive electrode material used in example 1;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the capacity percent test results for different rates of discharge for example 1 and comparative example 1;
fig. 5 is a graph showing the results of electrochemical impedance tests of example 1 and comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles and advantages of the disclosure, reference will now be made in detail to the following specific examples.
It should be noted that unless otherwise defined, technical terms used in the following examples have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains. The test reagents used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional biochemical reagents; the experimental methods are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
As described in the background art, with the rapid development of new energy automobiles and consumer electronics, in application fields such as power batteries and electric tools, which require rapid charging and heavy current discharging, high specific energy of batteries is pursued, and high rate performance is required to be considered. The positive electrode is a key factor for restricting specific energy, rate performance and the like of the battery, and the energy density of the battery can be improved by improving the coating amount of the positive electrode, so that the specific energy of the battery is improved, but the thickness of the electrode is increased, so that the wettability of electrolyte is poor, the charge transmission distance is prolonged, the ion concentration difference and polarization are increased, and the impedance of the battery is increased, so that the capacity, the rate performance and the cycle life of the battery are influenced.
In order to obtain the positive plate with both high specific energy and high multiplying power performance, the technical means adopted is to improve the electronic conductivity and the ionic conductivity of the pole piece while improving the coating quantity of the positive plate, so as to improve the multiplying power performance. In the related art, some are pole pieces with high porosity obtained by adding volatile components into the pole pieces and then performing heat treatment, so that the rate performance can be improved, but the distribution of pores in the pole pieces cannot be well controlled, and the coating amount and specific capacity of the pole pieces can be reduced. Still other are those in which lithium hexafluoroaluminate is sprayed on a positive electrode active material layer to provide sufficient lithium ions during high-rate charge and discharge, active materials, a conductive agent, a binder, and a dispersion solvent are prepared into slurries with gradually reduced active material content according to different proportions, and then coated on a current collector, and in the design of these multi-coated electrodes, the proportion of inactive materials is increased, and the proportion of positive electrode active materials is reduced, resulting in a reduction in the specific energy of the electrode sheet. Therefore, designing the composite electrode pole piece, adjusting the pore distribution inside the pole piece, thereby reducing the diffusion resistance of lithium ions, improving the multiplying power performance of the pole piece, and simultaneously, not reducing the specific capacity of the pole piece and the specific energy of the battery is a problem to be solved urgently.
Based on the problems, the application provides a composite electrode pole piece, a preparation method thereof and a battery, wherein active substances with different contents or different types are used in a first coating and a second coating of an electrode coating, so that the composite electrode pole piece and the battery have high specific energy and high rate performance.
The first aspect of the present application provides a composite electrode sheet, comprising: the electrode coating comprises a first coating and a second coating, wherein the first coating is arranged on one side far away from the current collector, the second coating is arranged on one side close to the current collector, active substances are contained in the first coating and the second coating, the active substances comprise at least one of polycrystalline high-nickel materials and hollow positive electrode materials, and the content of the hollow positive electrode materials in the first coating is larger than that of the hollow positive electrode materials in the second coating.
The first coating and the second coating both comprise active substances, and the active substances comprise at least one of polycrystalline high-nickel materials and hollow positive electrode materials. The active material may be a polycrystalline high nickel material, a hollow positive electrode material, or a mixture of a polycrystalline high nickel material and a hollow positive electrode material.
The polycrystalline high-nickel material is a ternary positive electrode material with higher nickel content, and can be composed of primary particles, wherein the particle size range of the primary particles can be selected to be 80-900nm. The specific capacity of the polycrystalline high-nickel material is high, the specific capacity of the pole piece can be obviously improved, and the specific energy of the battery can be further improved.
The hollow positive electrode material has a special hollow structure, has smaller particle size, has higher specific surface area and porosity than the polycrystalline high-nickel material, can obviously increase the internal porosity of the pole piece, reduce the ion transmission distance and improve the rate capability of the battery.
The active substance comprises at least one of a polycrystalline high-nickel material and a hollow positive electrode material, the content of the hollow positive electrode material in the first coating is larger than that of the hollow positive electrode material in the second coating, so that the porosity of the first coating is higher, the porosity of the second coating is lower, gradient distribution of porosities among different coatings inside the pole piece is facilitated, infiltration of electrolyte and diffusion of lithium ions are facilitated, capacity exertion and rate performance can be effectively improved, and meanwhile, the porosity of the first coating is higher, the electrochemical active area of the pole piece is larger, and electrochemical performances such as capacity, cycle life and the like of a battery are more facilitated to be improved.
In some embodiments, the mass fraction of the hollow positive electrode material in the first coating layer is 20% to 100% of the total mass of the active material in the first coating layer.
Specifically, the first coating is a coating far away from one side of the current collector, and the distance between the first coating and the negative electrode plate is closer in the process of assembling and using the battery, and the first coating is a coating which participates in electrochemical reaction first. Therefore, compared with the second coating, the first coating needs to have higher porosity first, so that the first coating has larger electrochemical active area, and is beneficial to improving the electrochemical performances of the battery, such as rate capability, capacity, cycle life and the like.
When the mass fraction of the hollow positive electrode material is 20% -100%, the mass fraction of the polycrystalline high-nickel material in the first coating is 0-80%, so that the contents of the hollow positive electrode material and the polycrystalline high-nickel material of the first coating are moderate, the electrode pole piece has higher porosity while maintaining high surface density, and a battery prepared from the pole piece has better multiplying power performance. Preferably, the mass fraction of the hollow positive electrode material in the first coating layer accounts for 60% -90% of the total mass of the active substances in the first coating layer, and when the mass fraction of the hollow positive electrode material is within the mass fraction range, the electrode plate has high porosity, so that the prepared battery has good rate performance. When the mass fraction of the hollow positive electrode material is less than 20%, the content of the hollow positive electrode material in the first coating is too low, so that the porosity of the first coating is too low, the infiltration of electrolyte and the diffusion of lithium ions are not facilitated, and the capacity exertion and the rate capability of the pole piece cannot be effectively improved.
Illustratively, in the first coating layer, the mass fraction of the hollow positive electrode material may be 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, etc., and the mass fraction of the polycrystalline high nickel material may be 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 10%, 0%, etc.
In some embodiments, the mass fraction of the hollow positive electrode material in the second coating layer is 0% to 50% of the total mass of active material in the second coating layer.
Specifically, the second coating layer is a coating layer near one side of the current collector, and compared with the first coating layer, the second coating layer is mainly used for improving the specific capacity of the electrode, so that the specific energy of the battery is improved.
When the mass fraction of the hollow positive electrode material is 0% -50%, the mass fraction of the polycrystalline high-nickel material in the second coating is 50% -100%, so that the contents of the hollow positive electrode material and the polycrystalline high-nickel material of the second coating are moderate, the electrode pole piece has higher specific capacity, and a battery prepared from the pole piece has higher specific energy. The porosity of the second coating layer can be improved by adding the hollow positive electrode material into the active material of the second coating layer while ensuring the battery to have higher specific energy, so that the rate capability of the battery is further improved. Preferably, the mass of the hollow positive electrode material in the second coating layer accounts for 10-30% of the total mass of the active substances in the second coating layer. When the mass fraction of the hollow positive electrode material in the second coating is 10% -30%, the mass fraction of the polycrystalline high-nickel material in the second coating is 70% -90%, and in the mass fraction range, the electrode plate has high specific capacity and high porosity, and the obtained battery can have high specific energy and good rate capability. When the mass fraction of the hollow positive electrode material in the second coating layer is more than 50%, the hollow positive electrode material content in the second coating layer is too high, so that the content of the polycrystalline high-nickel material is too low, and the specific energy of the battery is reduced.
Illustratively, in the second coating layer, the mass fraction of the hollow positive electrode material may be 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, etc., and the mass fraction of the polycrystalline high nickel material may be 100%, 90%, 70%, 60%, 50%, etc.
In some embodiments, the polycrystalline high nickel material has the chemical formula LiNi a Co b M 1-a-b O 2 Wherein a is more than or equal to 0.8 and less than or equal to 1, b is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.3, and M is at least one of Mn and Al.
Specifically, when 0.8.ltoreq.a.ltoreq.1 and 0.ltoreq.b.ltoreq.0.3, the nickel content in the polycrystalline high nickel material is high, so that the specific capacity of the material is high. When a is less than 0.8, the nickel content in the polycrystalline high nickel material is too small, so that the specific capacity of the material is too low to obviously improve the specific energy of the battery. When b is more than 0.3, 1-a-b is more than or equal to 0, namely a+b is less than or equal to 1, when b is more than 0.3, a is less than or equal to 0.7, so that the nickel content in the polycrystalline high nickel material is too little, and the specific capacity of the material is too low.
Illustratively, a may be 0.8, 0.85, 0.9, 0.95, 1, etc., and b may be 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, etc.
In some embodiments, the polycrystalline high nickel material has an average particle diameter D50 of 4-25 μm and a specific surface area (Brunauer Emmett Teller, BET for short) of 0.1-1.2m 2 Per gram, tap density is more than or equal to 2.1g/cm 3 。
Specifically, the average grain diameter D50 of the polycrystalline high nickel material is 4-25 mu m, so that the grain diameter of the polycrystalline high nickel material is moderate, preferably, the D50 of the polycrystalline high nickel material is 5-20 mu m, and in the grain diameter range, the compaction density and specific capacity of the polycrystalline high nickel material are high, so that the specific energy of the battery can be remarkably improved. When the D50 of the polycrystalline high nickel material is less than 4 μm, the particle size of the material is so small that a large number of small voids may exist in the material, affecting the compacted density of the material. When the D50 of the polycrystalline high nickel material is greater than 25 μm, the particle size of the material is too large, and voids between particles are so large that the compacted density of the material is reduced when the particles are piled up, which also results in a reduction in the specific capacity of the material. Illustratively, the polycrystalline high nickel material may have a D50 of 4 μm, 10 μm, 15 μm, 18 μm, 20 μm, 23 μm, 25 μm, etc.
The specific surface area of the polycrystalline high nickel material is 0.1-1.2m 2 At the time of/g, the electrochemical active area of the polycrystalline high-nickel material is moderate, which is beneficial to improving the electrochemical performance of the whole battery. Preferably, the specific surface area of the polycrystalline high nickel material is 0.3-0.8m 2 When the specific surface area is within this range, the electrochemical performance of the battery can be significantly improved. When the specific surface area is less than 0.1m 2 At/g, the specific surface area is too small, so that the electrochemically active area of the positive electrode material is too small. When the specific surface area is more than 1.2m 2 When the specific surface area is too large, the processability in the homogenization process is poor, the electrochemical active area of the positive electrode material is too large, the reactivity of the positive electrode material is too high when the battery is charged and discharged, and the risk of side reaction between the positive electrode material and the electrolyte is also higher, so that the cycle performance of the battery is affected. Illustratively, the polycrystalline high nickel material may have a specific surface area of 0.1m 2 /g、0.5m 2 /g、1.0m 2 /g、1.2m 2 /g, etc.
When the tap density is more than or equal to 2.1g/cm 3 When the method is used, the granularity sphericity of the polycrystalline high-nickel material is ensuredAnd the gaps among the particles are smaller, so that the compaction density of the pole pieces is improved. Preferably, the tap density is 2.3-2.9g/cm 3 At the moment, gaps among particles are small, and the pole piece compaction density is high.
In some embodiments, the hollow positive electrode material has the chemical formula LiNi x Co y N 1-x-y O 2 Wherein x is more than or equal to 0.5 and less than or equal to 0.96,0.02, y is more than or equal to 0.25, and N is one or two of Mn and Al.
Specifically, when x is more than or equal to 0.5 and less than or equal to 0.96,0.02 and y is more than or equal to 0.25, the content of nickel and cobalt in the hollow positive electrode material is moderate, so that the specific capacity of the material is not too poor on the premise of higher porosity, the rate capability of the battery can be obviously improved, the specific energy of the battery is not greatly influenced, and meanwhile, the battery has better cycling stability. When x < 0.5, the nickel content of the hollow positive electrode material in the second coating layer is so small that the specific capacity of the second coating layer is so low that the specific energy of the whole battery is seriously affected. When x > 0.96, the structural stability of the hollow positive electrode material is poor, so that the cycle performance of the battery is affected. Illustratively, x may be 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 0.96, etc., and y may be 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, etc.
In some embodiments, the hollow positive electrode material has an average particle diameter D50 of 0.5-10 μm and a specific surface area of 0.1-1.5m 2 Per gram, tap density is more than or equal to 1.2g/cm 3 。
Specifically, the D50 of the hollow positive electrode material is 0.5-10 mu m, so that the specific surface area of the hollow positive electrode material is moderate, the electrochemical active area of the hollow positive electrode material is moderate, and the electrochemical performance of the battery is improved. Preferably, the D50 of the hollow positive electrode material is 1-5 μm, and the electrochemical performance of the battery can be remarkably improved. When the D50 of the hollow positive electrode material is smaller than 0.5 mu m, the particle size is too small, so that the specific surface area of the hollow positive electrode material is too large, the electrochemical active area of the hollow positive electrode material is too large, the reactivity of the positive electrode material is too high when the battery is charged and discharged, and the risk of side reaction between the positive electrode material and electrolyte is also higher, so that the cycle performance of the battery is affected. When the D50 of the hollow positive electrode material is larger than 10 mu m, the particle size is too large, so that the specific surface area of the hollow positive electrode material is too small, and the rate performance of the material is affected.
Illustratively, the D50 of the hollow positive electrode material may be 0.5 μm, 1 μm, 2 μm, 3 μm, 4 μm, 5 μm, 6 μm, 7 μm, 8 μm, 9 μm, 10 μm, etc. The specific surface area of the hollow positive electrode material can be 0.1m 2 /g、0.5m 2 /g、1.0m 2 /g、1.2m 2 /g、1.3m 2 /g、1.4m 2 /g、1.5m 2 /g, etc.
In some embodiments, the first coating has a coating mass per unit area of the current collector of m 1 The coating mass of the second coating on the unit area current collector is m 2 ，0.05≤m 1 /m 2 ≤2。
Specifically, when 0.05.ltoreq.m 1 /m 2 When the specific energy is less than or equal to 2, the coating quality of the first coating and the second coating is moderate, so that the battery can have both high specific energy and high rate performance. When m is 1 /m 2 When the mass of the first coating is less than 0.05, the mass of the second coating is too small, so that the mass of the first coating with high porosity is too small to remarkably improve the rate performance of the battery in the electrode coating formed by combining the first coating and the second coating; when m is 1 /m 2 At > 2, the coating quality of the first coating layer is too much, and the coating quality of the second coating layer is too little, so that in the electrode coating layer formed by combining the first coating layer and the second coating layer, the second coating layer having a high specific capacity has too little quality to significantly raise the specific energy of the battery. Illustratively, the m 1 /m 2 May be 0.05, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, etc.
Wherein the coating surface density of the first coating layer is 50-400g/m 2 The thickness of the first coating layer is 10-200 μm. The coating surface density and the thickness of the first coating are in the range, so that the coating quality, the coating thickness and the coating surface density of the first coating are all suitable, and the rate performance of the battery can be better improved. Preferably, the first coating has a coating surface density of 80-180g/m 2 The thickness of the first coating layer is 20-100 μm, within this range, the firstThe coating can significantly improve the rate capability of the battery.
Illustratively, the coated surface density may be 50g/m 2 、100g/m 2 、150g/m 2 、200g/m 2 、250g/m 2 、300g/m 2 、350g/m 2 、400g/m 2 And the like, the thickness of the first coating layer may be 10 μm, 20 μm, 50 μm, 100 μm, 150 μm, 200 μm, and the like.
Wherein the second coating has a coating surface density of 50-300g/m 2 The thickness of the second coating layer is 10-200 μm. The coating surface density and the thickness of the second coating are in the range, so that the coating quality, the coating thickness and the coating surface density of the second coating are all suitable, and the specific energy of the battery can be better improved. Preferably, the second coating has a coating surface density of 100-200g/m 2 The thickness of the second coating layer is 30 to 120 μm, and in this range, the second coating layer can significantly improve the specific energy of the battery.
Illustratively, the coated surface density may be 50g/m 2 、100g/m 2 、150g/m 2 、200g/m 2 、250g/m 2 、300g/m 2 And the like, the thickness of the second coating layer may be 10 μm, 20 μm, 50 μm, 100 μm, 150 μm, 200 μm, and the like.
In some embodiments, the current collector may be an aluminum foil material.
The second aspect of the application provides a preparation method of a composite electrode slice, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Coating the slurry of the second coating on the current collector and drying to obtain a second coating; the second coating also comprises a conductive agent and a binder, wherein the mass ratio of the active substance, the conductive agent and the binder in the second coating is X (1-X-Y), wherein X is more than or equal to 0.9 and less than or equal to 0.98,0.005 and Y is more than or equal to 0.05.
(2) And (3) coating the slurry of the first coating in any one of the second aspects on the second coating, and drying and rolling to obtain the composite electrode plate. The first coating also comprises a conductive agent and a binder, wherein the mass ratio of the active substance, the conductive agent and the binder in the first coating is A, B is (1-A-B), wherein A is more than or equal to 0.9 and less than or equal to 0.98; b is more than or equal to 0.01 and less than or equal to 0.05.
Specifically, the preparation method comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing second coating slurry, and uniformly dispersing an active substance, a conductive agent and a binder of the second coating in a solvent to prepare slurry;
preparing first coating slurry: uniformly dispersing the active substance, the conductive agent and the binder of the first coating in a solvent to prepare slurry;
and thirdly, uniformly coating the second coating slurry prepared in the first step on a current collector, drying to form a second coating, uniformly coating the first coating slurry prepared in the second step on the second coating, drying to form a double-layer coated pole piece, and rolling the double-layer coated pole piece to prepare the composite electrode pole piece. Wherein the drying temperature is 80-120 ℃ and the drying time is 5-20min.
Wherein the conductive agent is one or more of carbon black, graphene and carbon nanotubes.
Wherein the binder is one or more of polyvinylidene fluoride, carboxymethyl cellulose and styrene-butadiene rubber.
A third aspect of the present application provides a lithium ion battery, including the composite electrode sheet according to any one of the first aspect or the composite electrode sheet prepared according to any one of the second aspect.
The battery described in the present application has any of the technical effects described above, and will not be described herein.
A fourth aspect of the present application provides a powered device comprising a battery as described in the third aspect.
Specifically, the electric equipment comprises, but is not limited to, any one of a mobile phone, a computer, a mobile terminal, an electric vehicle, an electric bicycle, an electric wheelchair, an electric tool, a robot, a flash lamp, an emergency lamp, a fire alarm device and a cordless telephone, and can also be other portable equipment besides the above.
The powered device may use the battery of the third aspect as its primary and/or backup power source. The electrical equipment has the technical effects described in any aspect, and will not be described herein.
The present application is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Examples and comparative examples
A composite electrode sheet comprising: the electrode coating comprises a first coating and a second coating, wherein the first coating is arranged on one side far away from the current collector, the second coating is arranged on one side close to the current collector, active substances are contained in the first coating and the second coating, the active substances comprise at least one of polycrystalline high-nickel materials and hollow positive electrode materials, and the content of the hollow positive electrode materials in the first coating is larger than that of the hollow positive electrode materials in the second coating.
The types, contents, particle diameters, specific surface areas, and the like of the positive electrode materials in the first coating layer and the second coating layer in each of the examples and the comparative examples are shown in table 1 below.
The composite electrode pole piece is prepared according to the following steps:
(1) Preparing second coating slurry, namely mixing an active substance of a second coating, conductive carbon black and a binder PVDF according to a weight ratio of 95%:2.5%:2.5% is mixed with an appropriate solvent NMP and stirred well to obtain a second coating slurry.
(2) Preparing a first coating slurry, namely mixing an active substance of the first coating, conductive carbon black and a binder PVDF according to a weight ratio of 95%:2.5%:2.5% is mixed with an appropriate solvent NMP and stirred well to obtain a first coating slurry.
(3) Uniformly coating the second coating slurry on an Al current collector, wherein the coating amount is m 2 g/m 2 And drying the second coating layer d at 80 ℃ for 15min, and then coating the first coating slurry on the surface of the dried second coating layer with the coating amount of m 1 g/m 2 And (3) drying at 80 ℃ for 15min, and rolling the dried pole piece to obtain the positive pole piece.
The positive electrode sheet, the electrolyte, the diaphragm and the negative electrode sheet prepared in the examples and the comparative example are assembled into a lithium battery, and the lithium battery is subjected to charge and discharge test, wherein the voltage range is 3-4.3V and 0.1C, and specific test results are shown in figures 1 to 5 and table 1.
Table 1 experimental and test data for examples and comparative examples
Referring to fig. 1 to 3 and table 1, in the examples, the specific energy of the battery is improved by adding the polycrystalline high nickel material with larger particle size and higher specific capacity, and the rate performance of the battery is improved by adding the hollow positive electrode material with smaller particle size and hollow structure, so that the active material in the positive electrode sheet prepared in each example has higher specific capacity and better rate performance than the active material in the comparative example.
Comparative example 1 is a conventional positive electrode sheet, and the active material includes a polycrystalline high nickel positive electrode material and a hollow positive electrode material. However, the positive electrode sheet of comparative example 1 had only one coating layer, so that the porosity inside the coating layer was not well controlled, and when the coating amount of the sheet was high, the specific capacity exerted by the active material was lowered, and the rate performance was lowered. Specifically, referring to the graph of the test results of the capacity percentages of the different rate discharge shown in fig. 4, the ratio of the capacity of comparative example 1 at the large rate discharge to the 0.1C discharge capacity is lower than that of example 1, indicating that the rate performance of the battery obtained in comparative example 1 is worse than that of example 1. Referring to the electrochemical impedance test result chart shown in fig. 5, comparative example 1 has a larger charge transfer impedance than example 1, so that the rate performance thereof is inferior.
In comparative example 2, the first coating layer was made of a single crystal high nickel material with a content of 100%, and the second coating layer was made of a polycrystalline high nickel material with a content of 100%. Although the particle diameter and specific surface area of the single-crystal high-nickel material in comparative example 2 are not much different from those of the hollow positive electrode material in example 1, compared with example 1, the rate performance of the battery in comparative example 2 is significantly inferior to that in example 1. This is because the hollow positive electrode material in example 1 has a special hollow structure, and can increase the internal porosity of the pole piece, shorten the ion transmission distance, and improve the rate performance of the battery, whereas the single crystal high nickel material in comparative example 2, although having a particle diameter and a specific surface area which are not much different from those of the hollow positive electrode material, has a reduced specific capacity and rate performance.
In comparative example 3, the first coating layer was made of a polycrystalline high nickel material having a content of 100%, and the second coating layer was made of a hollow positive electrode material having a content of 100%. Since the first coating layer in comparative example 3 contains 100% of the polycrystalline high nickel material, although the polycrystalline high nickel material has a high specific capacity, when the electrode is thick, the wettability of the electrolyte becomes poor, the charge transport distance becomes long, the ion concentration difference and polarization increase, and the battery resistance increases, so that the rate performance of the battery is affected. Although the second coating layer adopts the hollow positive electrode material with the content of 100% to improve the rate performance of the battery, as the second coating layer is a coating layer close to one side of the current collector, the distance between the second coating layer and the negative electrode plate is farther than that of the first coating layer, and electrochemical reaction is limited by the first coating layer, even though the porosity of the second coating layer is adjusted by using the hollow positive electrode material with the content of 100% as the second coating layer, the rate performance of the whole battery still cannot be obviously improved finally.
In comparative example 4, the polycrystalline high nickel material having a content of 100% was used for both the first coating layer and the second coating layer, but the particle size of the polycrystalline high nickel material was different in the two coating layers. Although the rate performance of the battery is adjusted by changing the particle size of the polycrystalline high nickel material, it is known from experimental data that the rate performance of the battery cannot be improved well by changing the particle size of the polycrystalline high nickel material.
In comparative example 5, the content of the hollow positive electrode material in the first coating layer was 10% as compared with example 3, which is smaller than the content of the hollow positive electrode material in example 3. Because the content of the hollow positive electrode material in the first coating is smaller, so that the porosity of the first coating is too small, the infiltration of electrolyte and the diffusion of lithium ions are not facilitated, and the capacity exertion and the rate performance of the pole piece cannot be effectively improved, the rate performance of the battery in comparative example 5 is obviously inferior to that of example 3.
In comparative example 6, the content of the polycrystalline high nickel material in the second coating layer was 30% which is smaller than that in comparative example 3, and the content of the hollow positive electrode material was 70% which is larger than that in example 3, compared to example 3. The second coating layer has low porosity due to the fact that the content of the polycrystalline high-nickel material in the second coating layer is small and the content of the hollow positive electrode material is large, and the second coating layer has high porosity, so that the capacity of active substances is not facilitated.
In comparative example 7, the hollow positive electrode material in the first coating layer had a larger particle diameter and a reduced specific surface area, compared with example 3, which was disadvantageous for rapid progress of electrochemical reaction and lithium ion transport, and reduced rate performance and specific capacity.
In comparative example 8, m 1 /m 2 Equal to 3, much greater than 3/7 of example 3, the specific energy of the battery is lower. This is because when m 1 /m 2 When the coating quality of the first coating is too high, and the coating quality of the second coating is too low, so that in the electrode coating formed by combining the first coating and the second coating, proper porosity distribution and a lithium ion rapid transmission channel cannot be formed, and specific capacity and rate performance cannot be remarkably improved.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the preparation method has the advantages that the slurry prepared from the polycrystalline high-nickel material and the hollow positive electrode material according to different mass ratios is sequentially coated on the surface of a current collector according to a design sequence, gradient distribution of the porosity inside the pole piece is realized, the pole piece with the double-electrode coating is prepared, and the composite electrode pole piece is finally obtained through drying and rolling. The hollow positive electrode material has smaller particle size, is in a hollow sphere structure, has higher specific surface area and porosity than the polycrystalline high-nickel material, and can obviously improve the rate capability of the battery. The mass percent of the hollow positive electrode material of the first coating is higher than that of the hollow positive electrode material of the second coating, the electrode pole piece with gradient porosity can be formed by adopting the coatings with different mass fractions, the porosity of the first coating is higher, the electrochemical active area of the whole pole piece is larger, the infiltration of electrolyte and the diffusion of lithium ions are facilitated, and the capacity exertion and the rate performance can be effectively improved.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: the discussion of any of the embodiments above is merely exemplary and is not intended to suggest that the scope of the disclosure, including the claims, is limited to these examples; the technical features of the above embodiments or in the different embodiments may also be combined under the idea of the present disclosure, the steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the embodiments of the present disclosure as described above, which are not provided in details for the sake of brevity.
The disclosed embodiments are intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variances which fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Accordingly, any omissions, modifications, equivalents, improvements, and the like, which are within the spirit and principles of the embodiments of the disclosure, are intended to be included within the scope of the disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. A composite electrode sheet, comprising: the electrode coating comprises a first coating and a second coating, wherein the first coating is arranged on one side far away from the current collector, the second coating is arranged on one side close to the current collector, active substances are contained in the first coating and the second coating, the active substances comprise at least one of polycrystalline high-nickel materials and hollow positive electrode materials, and the content of the hollow positive electrode materials in the first coating is larger than that of the hollow positive electrode materials in the second coating.
2. The composite electrode pole piece of claim 1, wherein the mass fraction of the hollow positive electrode material in the first coating layer is 20% -100% of the total mass of the active material in the first coating layer;
and/or, the mass fraction of the hollow positive electrode material in the second coating layer is 0-50% of the total mass of the active substances in the second coating layer.
3. The composite electrode sheet of claim 1, wherein the polycrystalline high nickel material has a chemical formula LiNi a Co b M 1-a-b O 2 Wherein a is more than or equal to 0.8 and less than or equal to 1, b is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.3, and M is at least one of Mn and Al;
and/or the chemical formula of the hollow positive electrode material is LiNi x Co y N 1-x-y O 2 Wherein x is more than or equal to 0.5 and less than or equal to 0.96,0.02, y is more than or equal to 0.25, and N is at least one of Mn and Al.
4. A composite electrode sheet according to claim 3, wherein the polycrystalline high nickel material has an average particle diameter D50 of 4-25 μm and a specific surface area of 0.1-1.2m 2 Per gram, tap density is more than or equal to 2.1g/cm 3 ；
And/or the average particle diameter D50 of the hollow positive electrode material is 0.5-10 mu m, and the specific surface area is 0.1-1.5m 2 Per gram, tap density is more than or equal to 1.2g/cm 3 。
5. The composite electrode pole piece of claim 1, wherein the coating mass of the first coating on the current collector per unit area is m 1 The coating mass of the second coating on the unit area current collector is m 2 ，0.05≤m 1 /m 2 ≤2。
6. The composite electrode sheet according to claim 1, wherein the first coating has a coating areal density of 50-400g/m 2 The thickness of the first coating is 10-200 mu m;
and/or the second coating has a coating surface density of 50-300g/m 2 The thickness of the second coating layer is 10-200 μm.
7. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the first coating layer further comprises a conductive agent and a binder, and the mass ratio of the active substance, the conductive agent and the binder in the first coating layer is A to B (1-A-B), wherein A is more than or equal to 0.9 and less than or equal to 0.98; b is more than or equal to 0.01 and less than or equal to 0.05;
and/or the second coating further comprises a conductive agent and a binder, wherein the mass ratio of the active substances, the conductive agent and the binder in the second coating is X, Y (1-X-Y), and X is more than or equal to 0.9 and less than or equal to 0.98,0.005 and Y is more than or equal to 0.05.
8. The preparation method of the composite electrode slice is characterized by comprising the following steps:
coating the slurry of the second coating on a current collector and drying to obtain the second coating; preferably, the active substance, the conductive agent and the binder of the second coating are uniformly dispersed in a solvent to prepare second coating slurry, the second coating slurry is coated on a current collector, and the second coating is formed after drying;
coating the slurry of the first coating on the second coating, drying and rolling to obtain the composite electrode plate; preferably, the active material, the conductive agent and the binder of the first coating are uniformly dispersed in a solvent to prepare a first coating slurry, the first coating slurry is uniformly coated on the second coating, a double-layer coated pole piece is formed after drying, and the double-layer coated pole piece is rolled to prepare the composite electrode pole piece.
9. A battery comprising a composite electrode sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 7, or a composite electrode sheet prepared according to claim 8.
10. A powered device comprising the battery of claim 9.
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