CN116147711B - Device and method for testing coal mine overburden stratum fracture space-time evolution law - Google Patents
Device and method for testing coal mine overburden stratum fracture space-time evolution law Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for testing the space-time evolution law of a coal mine overburden stratum fracture, belonging to the technical field of coal mine gas extraction and stratum control; the problem that the existing testing method and device cannot realize dual testing of the control of the coal seam roof and gas extraction at the same time is solved; the system comprises a dense grating optical fiber system, a fracture mechanical property analysis system and a fracture evaluation system, wherein the dense grating optical fiber system comprises a dense grating optical fiber measuring line and an optical fiber signal modem, and the dense grating optical fiber measuring line is connected with the optical fiber signal modem through a wire; the fracture mechanical property analysis system comprises a displacement component vector identifier and fracture mechanical property analysis software; the fracture evaluation system comprises a water injection system, a double-pipe-column sieve tube and a pressure collector; the displacement component vector identifier sends the acquired displacement signal with the vector information to fracture mechanical property analysis software to obtain fracture mechanical properties; the method is applied to the rock stratum fracture law test.
Description
Technical Field
The invention provides a device and a method for testing the space-time evolution law of a coal mine overburden stratum fracture, and belongs to the technical field of coal mine gas extraction and stratum control.
Background
Coal is a ballast stone and a stabilizer of energy sources in China, roof control and gas extraction are core contents for guaranteeing green and safe exploitation of coal, and an overburden stratum migration rule is a main control factor influencing roof control and gas extraction effects, so that a method capable of accurately testing the space-time evolution rule of a coal mine overburden stratum fracture is developed, a matched technical device is formed, and the method is significant for mine safety production.
The existing testing method and device can not simultaneously meet the dual requirements of roof control and gas extraction, and the defects are that:
(1) The existing test results mainly adopt qualitative-semi-quantitative description, do not have accurate quantitative description, and cannot meet the accurate setting of a gas extraction drilling arrangement layer and a top plate control final hole layer;
(2) The existing test method cannot analyze the mechanical properties of the cracks, cannot accurately evaluate the crack diversion capacity in different layers, and cannot accurately guide the arrangement layer optimization of the gas extraction drilling holes;
(3) The existing test method has no self-carried effect test measures, the reliability of the test result is lack of objective evaluation, and the test result is easily influenced by subjective factors.
In summary, the existing test method cannot meet the dual requirements of coal mine roof control and gas extraction, and further optimizes the test device and method in terms of quantitative description of crack spread, analysis of crack mechanical properties, reliability verification of test results and the like on the basis of the existing study so as to improve the guidance level of the coal safety production by the coal mine overburden crack space-time evolution rule.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a device and a method for testing the coal mine overburden fracture space-time evolution law, which are used for solving the problem that the existing testing method and device can not realize the dual testing of coal seam roof control and gas extraction at the same time and can not accurately obtain the coal mine overburden fracture evolution law.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the device comprises a dense grating optical fiber system, a fracture mechanical property analysis system and a fracture evaluation system, wherein the dense grating optical fiber system comprises a dense grating optical fiber measuring line and an optical fiber signal modem, and the dense grating optical fiber measuring line is connected with the optical fiber signal modem through a wire;
the fracture mechanical property analysis system comprises a displacement component vector identifier and fracture mechanical property analysis software;
the fracture evaluation system comprises a water injection system, a double-pipe-column sieve tube and a pressure collector;
the double-pipe-column sieve tube comprises an outer-layer sieve tube and an inner-layer tube, blind hole sections are arranged on the outer-layer sieve tube at intervals, packers are arranged in the inner-layer tube corresponding to the two ends of the blind hole sections, a crack test section is formed between the two packers, an inner-layer water injection tube is arranged in the inner-layer tube, a water injection port is arranged on the inner-layer water injection tube of the crack test section, and packer water injection tubes are arranged in each packer;
the dense grating fiber measuring line consists of a plurality of grating fiber sensors connected end to end, the dense grating fiber measuring line is fixed along the bus direction of the outer screen pipe of the double-pipe-column screen pipe, and the dense grating fiber measuring line and the double-pipe-column screen pipe are placed in a drill hole together;
the displacement component vector identifiers are fixed in the double-pipe-column sieve tube according to the setting positions of water filling ports, and an inner layer tube of the double-pipe-column sieve tube is connected with a water filling system;
the displacement component vector identifier is hollow and cylindrical, the displacement component vector identifier is sleeved on an inner layer pipe of the double-pipe-column sieve pipe, the outer wall of the displacement component vector identifier is attached to the inner wall of an outer side sieve pipe of the double-pipe-column sieve pipe, one circular bottom surface of the displacement component vector identifier is provided with a group of stress induction sheets, the outer wall of the displacement component vector identifier is provided with two groups of stress induction sheets, planes formed by the three groups of stress induction sheets are perpendicular to each other, and the three groups of stress induction sheets are respectively connected with the strain gauge sensor through wires;
and the displacement component vector identifier sends the acquired displacement signal with the vector information to fracture mechanical property analysis software to obtain fracture mechanical properties.
The water injection system comprises a manual booster pump and a high-pressure water pump, wherein a pressure relief valve is arranged on the manual booster pump and is connected with a pressure collector through a wire, a water outlet of the manual booster pump is connected with an inner water injection pipe, and a water outlet of the high-pressure water pump is connected with a packer water injection pipe.
Each group of stress sensing sheets consists of three stress strain sheets, the three stress strain sheets are distributed in an arrow shape, wherein the arrow formed by the three stress strain sheets on the circular bottom surface of the displacement component vector identifier faces outwards, and the arrow formed by the two groups of stress sensing sheets on the outer wall of the displacement component vector identifier faces towards the circular bottom surface of the displacement component vector identifier provided with the stress sensing sheets.
The distribution distance between every two gratings on the dense grating optical fiber measuring line is not more than 1m, the testing precision of the dense grating optical fiber measuring line is not less than 1 mm/grating measuring point/day, the sampling rate of the optical fiber signal modem is not less than 10Hz, and the optical fiber signal modem has a self-storage function.
The blind hole sections are provided with blind holes which are distributed in a spiral shape, and the setting density of the blind holes is not less than 30 blind holes/section.
A method for testing the coal mine overburden fracture space-time evolution rule adopts a device for testing the coal mine overburden fracture space-time evolution rule, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: drilling design and detection equipment arrangement:
defining a study area of a coal seam goaf, collecting engineering geological parameters of the study area, and further determining a drilling position and a control range of microseism monitoring equipment based on the engineering geological parameters;
step 2: preparing dense grating optical fiber measuring lines and hole sealing materials:
measuring physical and mechanical parameters and mechanical characteristics of the rock mass in the research area, and manufacturing a material similar to the stratum attribute of the research area for hole sealing;
manufacturing dense grating fiber measuring lines, firmly fixing the dense grating fiber measuring lines on an outer screen pipe of a double-pipe-column screen pipe, ensuring that the dense grating fiber measuring lines are arranged along the bus direction of the outer screen pipe, placing the dense grating fiber measuring lines and the double-pipe-column screen pipe in a drill hole together, and sealing holes by using a manufactured hole sealing material;
step 3: recording the displacement of the optical fiber:
as the mining working face advances, the overlying strata of the goaf can displace to different degrees, the deformation degree of surrounding rocks is consistent with that of the dense grating optical fiber measuring lines, and the optical fiber displacement deformation quantity D of the grating measuring points is recorded regularly;
step 4: selecting a fracture test section:
when the displacement deformation D of the optical fiber between the two grating measuring points in the step 3 is larger than a set value, selecting a nearby area as a water injection pressure test area; the displacement component vector identifier is arranged in a double-column sieve tube, the stratum strain condition and the displacement direction are detected, and the displacement signal with vector information is analyzed through fracture mechanical property analysis software to obtain fracture mechanical property F;
step 5: water injection pressure test:
after the formation space displacement direction detection is completed, an inner layer pipe of a double-pipe-column screen pipe with a packer is placed at a detection position, the inner layer pipe is connected with a water injection system, water is continuously injected into the packers, so that two packers expand to form a crack test section of a closed environment, at the moment, the water injection system is used for injecting water into the crack test section through the inner layer pipe according to a set speed, and a pressure collector is opened to record the change condition of water injection pressure P;
step 6: and evaluating crack reliability:
the outer screen pipe of the double-pipe-column screen pipe is provided with blind holes, the blind holes are broken through increasing the water injection pressure of the fracture test section when the fracture reliability is evaluated, so that the inner water injection pipe is directly communicated with the stratum, and the test effect is checked;
step 7: and (3) comprehensive data analysis:
and determining the time-space evolution rule of the overlying strata according to the change conditions of the optical fiber displacement deformation D, the fracture mechanical property F and the water injection pressure P.
The drilling design in the step 1 comprises the setting of the drilling aperture, the drilling depth, the azimuth and the inclination angle; the bore diameter of the drill hole is not less than 94mm and not more than 120mm; the depth, the azimuth and the inclination angle of the drilling holes are mutually coordinated, so that the vertical distance of the drilling final hole position above the rock stratum is not less than 10 times of the coal mining height; when the multiple holes are tested simultaneously, the projection of the final hole positions of the multiple drilling holes on the plane is kept at the same horizontal plane;
the control range of the microseism monitoring equipment in the step 1 is correspondingly set according to the positions of the microseism detectors arranged on the ground, the microseism detectors are radially distributed by taking the projection of the final hole position on the horizontal plane as the center, and the radial radius of the drilling hole with the monitoring depth smaller than 500m is not smaller than 100m; for boreholes with a monitoring depth greater than 500m, the radial radius is not less than 300m.
The hole sealing material in the step 2 is prepared by the following steps:
coring each stratum of a coal face to be monitored, obtaining a coring sample of each stratum, measuring rock physical and mechanical parameters of different strata to obtain each physical and mechanical parameter of different strata, wherein the mechanical characteristic parameters of the hole sealing material are consistent with the stratum of a research area, and the mechanical characteristic parameters at least comprise elastic modulus and poisson ratio;
and (3) hole sealing is carried out by using the hole sealing material after the step (2) is completed, and after a period of time is waited, the subsequent step is carried out after the hole sealing material is completely stable.
And (3) recording the optical fiber displacement deformation D of the grating measuring point at regular time in the step (3), namely recording the optical fiber displacement deformation D every day when the projection distance between the mining working surface and the position of the test drilling terminal hole on the plane is smaller than 100 m.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the device and the method for testing the coal mine overburden fracture space-time evolution law meet the dual requirements of coal mine roof control and gas extraction, and accurately set the gas extraction drilling arrangement layer and the roof control terminal Kong Cengwei; the crack diversion capacity in different layers can be accurately estimated, and the arrangement layer optimization of the gas extraction drilling holes can be accurately guided; and the test result can be objectively evaluated by the effect checking measures.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the layout of a test apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic layout of a microseismic monitoring device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a blind bore section of a dual tubular screen of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a displacement component vector identifier according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1 is a microseism detector; 2 is a hole sealing material; 3 is a grating; 4 is a dense grating optical fiber measuring line; 5 is an optical fiber signal modem; 6 is an outer screen pipe; 7 is an inner layer tube; 8 is a displacement component vector identifier; 9 is a packer; 10 is a strain gauge sensor; 11 is a manual booster pump; 12 is a packer water injection pipe; 13 is a high-pressure water pump; 14 is a fracture test section; 15 is a pressure collector; 16 is a blind hole; 17 is a stress strain gage; 18 is a pressure relief valve; 19 is a borehole; 20 is a water filling port; 21 is an inner layer water injection pipe.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a device for testing the space-time evolution law of a coal mine overburden stratum fracture, which comprises a dense grating optical fiber system, a fracture mechanical property analysis system and a fracture evaluation system, wherein the dense grating optical fiber system comprises a dense grating optical fiber measuring line 4 and an optical fiber signal modem 5, and the dense grating optical fiber measuring line 4 is connected with the optical fiber signal modem 5 through a wire;
the fracture mechanical property analysis system comprises a displacement component vector identifier 8 and fracture mechanical property analysis software;
the fracture evaluation system comprises a water injection system, a double-pipe-column sieve tube and a pressure collector 15;
the double-pipe column sieve tube comprises an outer-layer sieve tube 6 and an inner-layer tube 7, blind hole sections are arranged on the outer-layer sieve tube 6 at intervals, packers 9 are arranged in the inner-layer tube 7 corresponding to the two ends of the blind hole sections, a crack test section 14 is formed between the two packers 9, an inner-layer water injection tube 21 is arranged in the inner-layer tube 7, a water injection port 20 is arranged on the inner-layer water injection tube 21 of the crack test section 14, and a packer water injection tube 12 is arranged in each packer 9;
the dense grating fiber optic line 4 is composed of a plurality of grating fiber optic sensors connected end to end, the dense grating fiber optic line 4 is fixed along the bus direction of the outer layer screen 6 of the double-column screen, and the dense grating fiber optic line 4 and the double-column screen are placed in the drill hole 19 together;
the displacement component vector identifiers 8 are fixed in the double-pipe-column sieve tube according to the setting positions of the water injection ports 20, and an inner pipe 7 of the double-pipe-column sieve tube is connected with a water injection system;
the displacement component vector identifier 8 is in a hollow cylinder shape, the displacement component vector identifier 8 is sleeved on an inner layer pipe 7 of the double-pipe-column sieve pipe, the outer wall of the displacement component vector identifier 8 is attached to the inner wall of an outer side sieve pipe 6 of the double-pipe-column sieve pipe, one circular bottom surface of the displacement component vector identifier 8 is provided with a group of stress induction sheets, the outer wall of the displacement component vector identifier 8 is provided with two groups of stress induction sheets, planes formed by the three groups of stress induction sheets are perpendicular to each other, and the three groups of stress induction sheets are respectively connected with the strain gauge sensor 10 through wires;
the displacement component vector identifier 8 sends the acquired displacement signal with the vector information to fracture mechanical property analysis software to obtain fracture mechanical properties.
The water injection system comprises a manual booster pump 11 and a high-pressure water pump 13, wherein a pressure relief valve 18 is arranged on the manual booster pump 11, the pressure relief valve 18 is connected with a pressure collector 15 through a wire, a water outlet of the manual booster pump 11 is connected with an inner water injection pipe 21, and a water outlet of the high-pressure water pump 13 is connected with a packer water injection pipe 12.
Each group of stress sensing pieces consists of three stress strain pieces 17, the three stress strain pieces 17 are distributed in an arrow shape, wherein the arrow formed by the three stress strain pieces 17 on the circular bottom surface of the displacement component vector identifier 8 faces outwards, the arrow formed by the two groups of stress sensing pieces on the outer wall of the displacement component vector identifier 8 faces towards the circular bottom surface of the displacement component vector identifier 8 provided with the stress sensing pieces, as shown in fig. 5, the three groups of stress sensing pieces are respectively positioned in an xoy plane, a yoz plane and a xoz plane in the space, and when the two groups of stress sensing pieces on the outer wall of the displacement component vector identifier 8 are fixed in a pasting mode, the stress strain pieces 17 on one side of the arrow are pasted on the base line according to the base line on the figure, the stress strain pieces 17 on the other side of the arrow are perpendicular to the base line, and the base line is parallel to the direction of the z axis on fig. 5.
The distribution distance between every two gratings 3 on the dense grating optical fiber measuring line 4 is not more than 1m, the testing precision of the dense grating optical fiber measuring line 4 is not less than 1 mm/grating measuring point/day, the sampling rate of the optical fiber signal modem 5 is not less than 10Hz, and the optical fiber signal modem has a self-storage function.
The blind hole sections are provided with blind holes 16 distributed in a spiral shape, and the arrangement density of the blind holes 16 is not less than 30 blind holes/section.
The invention also provides a method for testing the coal mine overburden fracture space-time evolution rule, as shown in figure 3, the method comprises the steps of firstly designing a test site and a deployment and control range of the microseism detector 1 according to goaf stratum conditions, and manufacturing similar materials matched with stratum attributes for hole sealing; secondly, installing a dense grating optical fiber measuring line 4 in a drilling hole 19, and accurately collecting goaf stratum displacement data; furthermore, the displacement component vector identifier 8 and fracture mechanical property analysis software are used for dynamically monitoring and analyzing the stratum strain data of the test area, the fracture seismic source mechanism and related mechanical properties in real time; further, performing a water injection pressure test on the test area meeting the experimental conditions, determining the crack penetration condition of the detected area, and evaluating the test accuracy; and finally, synthesizing dynamic change rules of the optical fiber displacement deformation D, the fracture mechanical property F and the water injection pressure P, and determining the space-time evolution rule of the overlying strata fracture. The specific implementation steps include steps (1) - (10), and the specific implementation steps are described in detail below.
(1) Drilling site selection and drilling design
Defining a study area of the coal seam goaf, collecting engineering geological parameters of the study area, and further determining the position of the drilling hole 19 and the distribution range of microseism monitoring equipment based on the engineering geological parameters; the engineering geological parameters comprise, but are not limited to, the thickness of the coal bed, the combination mode of the bottom plate rock stratum of the coal bed and the burial depth of the coal bed;
the drilling design comprises a drilling aperture, a drilling depth, an azimuth and an inclination angle, wherein the diameter of an outer screen pipe 6 of the double-pipe-column screen pipe adopted by the invention is about 90mm, and the diameter is not less than 95mm and not more than 120mm under the screen pipe size and the hole sealing work in the step (4); the depth, azimuth and inclination angle of the drilling holes are coordinated with each other, so that the vertical distance of the final hole position of the drilling hole 19 above the rock stratum is not less than 10 times of coal mining height; and the projection of the final hole positions of the multiple drilling holes on the plane is kept at the same level when the multiple holes are tested simultaneously.
(2) Microseism monitoring equipment arrangement
The microseism detectors 1 are arranged on the ground, the microseism detectors 1 are radially distributed with the projection of the final hole position on the horizontal plane as the center, and the radiation radius is not smaller than 100m, as shown in fig. 2. The specific operation steps are as follows:
(2-1) layout principle of microseism detectors
For the drill holes with the monitoring depth less than 500m, taking the projection of the terminal position on the horizontal plane as the center, and the radial radius is not less than 100m; for the drilling with the monitoring depth being more than 500m, the radial radius is not less than 300m by taking the projection of the final position on the horizontal plane as the center. And the layout position should avoid the interference sources such as high-voltage wires, scarps and the like.
(2-2) microseism monitoring step:
a. determining the position of an acquisition station according to the position of a central station, construction requirements and topography conditions; the central station is a terminal server for collecting and summarizing information of a plurality of arranged microseismic detectors 1, and the collecting station is each microseismic detector 1;
b. placing the positions of the microseismic detectors 1 in a uniform direction;
c. a cable, a WIFI antenna, a GPS antenna and a power line which are connected with the microseism detector 1;
d. connecting a power line to the battery, starting up and waiting for system synchronization,
e. and after the system of the acquisition station is synchronous, waiting for the central station to send an acquisition instruction and entering an acquisition state.
(3) Manufacturing and mounting of dense grating optical fiber measuring line
The distribution interval of the gratings 3 in the dense grating optical fiber system is not more than 1 m/point, namely, the interval between the two gratings 3 is not more than 1m, and the specific operation steps are as follows:
the dense grating fiber measuring line 4 is firmly fixed on the outer screen pipe 6 of the double-pipe-column screen pipe, and is guaranteed to be arranged in the drilling hole 19 along the bus direction of the outer screen pipe 6.
(4) Hole sealing of similar materials
Measuring physical and mechanical parameters and mechanical characteristics of a rock mass in a research area, and manufacturing a material similar to stratum properties of the research area for hole sealing, wherein the specific operation steps are as follows:
coring each stratum of the coal face to be monitored, obtaining a coring sample of each stratum, and measuring the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock mass at different layers to obtain each physical and mechanical parameter of different strata. The mechanical characteristic parameters of the pore sealing material 2 should be consistent with the stratum, and the mechanical characteristic parameters include, but are not limited to, elastic modulus and poisson ratio. And (3) hole sealing is carried out by using the hole sealing material 2 after the step (3) is finished, 45 hours or more are waited, and the next experiment is carried out after the hole sealing material 2 is completely stable.
(5) Recording optical fiber displacement
With the advance of the mining working face, displacement of different degrees occurs to the overlying strata of the goaf, the deformation degree of surrounding rocks is consistent with that of the dense grating optical fiber measuring line 4, and when the projection distance between the mining working face and the position of the test drilling final hole on the plane is smaller than 100m, the optical fiber displacement deformation D is recorded every day.
(6) Selected fracture test section
When the optical fiber displacement deformation D between the two gratings 3 in the step (3) is larger than 1 mm/day, selecting a nearby area at the position as a fracture test section 14, placing the displacement component vector identifier 8 in a double-tube-column sieve tube and sending the displacement component vector identifier to the selected fracture test section 14, and detecting the stratum strain condition and the displacement direction, wherein the specific operation steps are as follows:
when the displacement component vector identifier 8 is placed in the double-string sieve tube, the two arrow-shaped stress strain gauges 17 on the outer wall of the displacement component vector identifier 8 and the inner wall of the outer-layer sieve tube 6 are completely attached, and the stress strain gauges 17 are connected with the strain gauge sensor 10. The position of the arrow-shaped stress strain gauge 17 is the same as the position of the water injection port 20 on the inner layer pipe 7 of the double-pipe-column sieve tube, and the distance between the front packer 9 and the rear packer 9 and the water injection port 20 is kept within the range of +/-20 cm.
(7) Water injection pressure test
After the formation strain condition and the space displacement direction are detected, the inner layer pipe 7 with the front packer 9 and the rear packer 9 is placed at the detection position, the inner layer pipe 7 is connected with a water injection system through the inner layer water injection pipe 21 inside, the rated flow of the water injection system is not lower than 50L/min, and the pressure is increased inwards through the manual booster pump 11, so that the rated pressure is not lower than 30MPa. The packer 9 is provided with packer water injection pipes 12, the packer 9 is made of rubber, the packer water injection pipes 12 clung to the inner layer pipe 7 are connected with a high-pressure water pump 13, and the packer 9 is controlled to be set and unset through pressurization and pressure relief, and the specific operation steps are as follows:
the high-pressure water pump 13 is opened, high-pressure water is continuously injected into the packer 9 through the packer water injection pipe 12, so that the front packer 9 and the rear packer 9 are expanded to be abutted on the inner wall surface of the outer screen pipe 6, a closed environment is formed between the two packers 9, a crack test section 14 is formed together with the double-pipe column screen pipe, and the pressure setting of the high-pressure water pump 13 cannot be lower than the rated pressure of the water injection system.
When the internal pressure of the packer 9 reaches a preset value, a water injection system is adopted to inject water into the water injection port 20 through the inner water injection pipe 21 according to the flow of 50L/min, and the pressure collector 15 is opened to record the pressure change condition.
The sampling rate of the pressure collector 15 is not lower than 10Hz, the automatic pressure relief valve 18 has a data self-storage function, the pressure collector 15 controls the opening and closing of the pressure relief valve, the automatic pressure relief critical pressure value is set to be 30MPa, and the pressure is automatically relieved when the set pressure exceeds the set pressure of the system, so that the operation of the fracture evaluation system is ensured not to influence the original fracture state of the rock stratum. If the pressure exceeds 30MPa, water injection is stopped and the test point is abandoned.
(8) Evaluation of fracture reliability
The outer screen 6 is provided with blind hole sections, as shown in fig. 4, the blind hole sections are distributed at intervals of 1m, the length of the blind hole sections is about 50cm, the blind holes 16 on the outer screen are distributed in a spiral mode, the density is not less than 30 blind holes/section, the bearing pressure of the blind holes 16 is 20MPa, the reliability of hole sealing quality of drilling holes is guaranteed, and meanwhile, when the reliability of cracks is evaluated, the crack is broken through increasing the water injection pressure of the crack test section 14, so that the inner water injection pipe 21 is directly communicated with a stratum, and the test effect is conveniently checked. The specific operation steps are as follows:
after the pressure in the packer 9 reaches the set value and stabilizes, the pressure collector 15 is opened, the manual booster pump 11 is operated until the inside of the fracture test section 14 reaches 20MPa, and the blind hole 16 is opened.
(9) Fracture mechanical property analysis
The fracture mechanical property analysis software comprises two parts of stress strain displacement component analysis and seismic source mechanism analysis, wherein the stress strain displacement component analysis is mainly determined by the following formula, in particular
In the above-mentioned method, the step of,
positive strain in the x, y, z directions, respectively; />
Shear strain in x, y, z directions, respectively; />
Is a reading of 9 stress strain gages on the displacement component vector identifier 8. The analysis of the source mechanism is achieved by the patent "a method for analyzing the source mechanism by microseism" (application No. 201310002751.2), and the signs of positive and shear strain represent the primary motion signs of the microseismic detector 1.
(10) Comprehensive data analysis
And determining the time-space evolution rule of the overlying strata according to the optical fiber displacement deformation D, the fracture mechanical property F and the water injection pressure P. The specific operation method is as follows:
(1) The optical fiber displacement deformation D comprises three types of a falling zone D1 with the optical fiber displacement deformation larger than 50 mm/grating measuring point/day, a large displacement section D2 with the optical fiber displacement deformation larger than 10 mm/grating measuring point/day and a small displacement section D3 with the optical fiber displacement deformation larger than 5 mm/grating measuring point/day;
(2) The fracture mechanical properties F comprise three types of tensioning properties F1, tilting properties F2 and sliding properties F3, the fracture properties are different, and the contribution to permeability is also different;
(3) The water injection pressure P comprises three types of low pressure P1 with the maximum water injection pressure less than 3MPa, medium pressure P2 with the maximum water injection pressure more than 3MPa and less than 15MPa and high pressure P3 with the maximum water injection pressure more than 15MPa and less than 30 MPa;
(4) The space-time evolution rule function f of the overburden fracture is determined by D, F, P, and the calculation formula is as follows:
and is also provided with
Where i=1, 2, 3 represent cracks of tensile, slip and running properties, respectively, j is a number unit, indicating n cracks, e.g. F11 indicates that the first crack is tensile, F32 indicates that the second crack is running, and so on.
The method can effectively determine the space-time evolution law of the coal mine overburden stratum fracture, and provides a reliable basis for coal seam roof control, underground gas extraction drilling terminal position optimization and ground coal seam gas horizontal well horizon optimization.
The specific structure of the invention needs to be described that the connection relation between the component modules adopted by the invention is definite and realizable, and besides the specific description in the embodiment, the specific connection relation can bring about corresponding technical effects, and on the premise of not depending on execution of corresponding software programs, the technical problems of the invention are solved, the types of the components, the modules and the specific components, the connection modes of the components and the expected technical effects brought by the technical characteristics are clear, complete and realizable, and the conventional use method and the expected technical effects brought by the technical characteristics are all disclosed in patents, journal papers, technical manuals, technical dictionaries and textbooks which can be acquired by a person in the field before the application date, or the prior art such as conventional technology, common knowledge in the field, and the like, so that the provided technical scheme is clear, complete and the corresponding entity products can be reproduced or obtained according to the technical means.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a colliery overburden stratum crack space-time evolution rule testing arrangement which characterized in that: the system comprises a dense grating optical fiber system, a fracture mechanical property analysis system and a fracture evaluation system, wherein the dense grating optical fiber system comprises a dense grating optical fiber measuring line and an optical fiber signal modem, and the dense grating optical fiber measuring line is connected with the optical fiber signal modem through a wire;
the fracture mechanical property analysis system comprises a displacement component vector identifier and fracture mechanical property analysis software;
the fracture evaluation system comprises a water injection system, a double-pipe-column sieve tube and a pressure collector;
the double-pipe-column sieve tube comprises an outer-layer sieve tube and an inner-layer tube, blind hole sections are arranged on the outer-layer sieve tube at intervals, packers are arranged in the inner-layer tube corresponding to the two ends of the blind hole sections, a crack test section is formed between the two packers, an inner-layer water injection tube is arranged in the inner-layer tube, a water injection port is arranged on the inner-layer water injection tube of the crack test section, and packer water injection tubes are arranged in each packer;
the dense grating fiber measuring line consists of a plurality of grating fiber sensors connected end to end, the dense grating fiber measuring line is fixed along the bus direction of the outer screen pipe of the double-pipe-column screen pipe, and the dense grating fiber measuring line and the double-pipe-column screen pipe are placed in a drill hole together;
the displacement component vector identifiers are fixed in the double-pipe-column sieve tube according to the setting positions of water filling ports, an inner pipe of the double-pipe-column sieve tube is connected with a water injection system, the water injection system is used for injecting water into a fracture test section through the inner pipe according to a set speed, and the change condition of water injection pressure P is recorded;
the displacement component vector identifier is hollow and cylindrical, the displacement component vector identifier is sleeved on an inner layer pipe of the double-pipe-column sieve pipe, the outer wall of the displacement component vector identifier is attached to the inner wall of an outer side sieve pipe of the double-pipe-column sieve pipe, one circular bottom surface of the displacement component vector identifier is provided with a group of stress induction sheets, the outer wall of the displacement component vector identifier is provided with two groups of stress induction sheets, planes formed by the three groups of stress induction sheets are perpendicular to each other, and the three groups of stress induction sheets are respectively connected with the strain gauge sensor through wires;
the displacement component vector identifier sends the acquired displacement signal with the vector information to fracture mechanical property analysis software to obtain fracture mechanical properties; the fracture mechanical property analysis software comprises two parts of stress strain displacement component analysis and seismic source mechanism analysis, and determines the space-time evolution rule of the overlying strata according to the change conditions of the optical fiber displacement deformation D, the fracture mechanical property F and the water injection pressure P, wherein the specific operation method comprises the following steps:
(1) The optical fiber displacement deformation D comprises three types of a falling zone D1 with the optical fiber displacement deformation larger than 50 mm/grating measuring point/day, a large displacement section D2 with the optical fiber displacement deformation larger than 10 mm/grating measuring point/day and a small displacement section D3 with the optical fiber displacement deformation larger than 5 mm/grating measuring point/day;
(2) The fracture mechanical property F comprises three types of tensioning property F1, tilting property F2 and sliding property F3;
(3) The water injection pressure P comprises three types of low pressure P1 with the maximum water injection pressure less than 3MPa, medium pressure P2 with the maximum water injection pressure more than 3MPa and less than 15MPa and high pressure P3 with the maximum water injection pressure more than 15MPa and less than 30 MPa;
(4) The space-time evolution rule function f of the overburden fracture is determined by D, F, P, and the calculation formula is as follows:
and is also provided with
Where i=1, 2, 3 represent cracks of tensile property, slip property and slip property, respectively, j is a unit of number, and n cracks are represented.
2. The device for testing the space-time evolution law of coal mine overburden fracture according to claim 1, wherein the device is characterized in that: the water injection system comprises a manual booster pump and a high-pressure water pump, wherein a pressure relief valve is arranged on the manual booster pump and is connected with a pressure collector through a wire, a water outlet of the manual booster pump is connected with an inner water injection pipe, and a water outlet of the high-pressure water pump is connected with a packer water injection pipe.
3. The device for testing the space-time evolution law of coal mine overburden fracture according to claim 1, wherein the device is characterized in that: each group of stress sensing sheets consists of three stress strain sheets, the three stress strain sheets are distributed in an arrow shape, wherein the arrow formed by the three stress strain sheets on the circular bottom surface of the displacement component vector identifier faces outwards, and the arrow formed by the two groups of stress sensing sheets on the outer wall of the displacement component vector identifier faces towards the circular bottom surface of the displacement component vector identifier provided with the stress sensing sheets.
4. The device for testing the space-time evolution law of coal mine overburden fracture according to claim 1, wherein the device is characterized in that: the distribution distance between every two gratings on the dense grating optical fiber measuring line is not more than 1m, the testing precision of the dense grating optical fiber measuring line is not less than 1 mm/grating measuring point/day, the sampling rate of the optical fiber signal modem is not less than 10Hz, and the optical fiber signal modem has a self-storage function.
5. The device for testing the space-time evolution law of coal mine overburden fracture according to claim 1, wherein the device is characterized in that: the blind hole sections are provided with blind holes which are distributed in a spiral shape, and the setting density of the blind holes is not less than 30 blind holes/section.
6. A method for testing the coal mine overburden fracture space-time evolution law, which adopts the device for testing the coal mine overburden fracture space-time evolution law according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: drilling design and detection equipment arrangement:
defining a study area of a coal seam goaf, collecting engineering geological parameters of the study area, and further determining a drilling position and a control range of microseism monitoring equipment based on the engineering geological parameters;
step 2: preparing dense grating optical fiber measuring lines and hole sealing materials:
measuring physical and mechanical parameters and mechanical characteristics of the rock mass in the research area, and manufacturing a material similar to the stratum attribute of the research area for hole sealing;
manufacturing dense grating fiber measuring lines, firmly fixing the dense grating fiber measuring lines on an outer screen pipe of a double-pipe-column screen pipe, ensuring that the dense grating fiber measuring lines are arranged along the bus direction of the outer screen pipe, placing the dense grating fiber measuring lines and the double-pipe-column screen pipe in a drill hole together, and sealing holes by using a manufactured hole sealing material;
step 3: recording the displacement of the optical fiber:
as the mining working face advances, the overlying strata of the goaf can displace to different degrees, the deformation degree of surrounding rocks is consistent with that of the dense grating optical fiber measuring lines, and the optical fiber displacement deformation quantity D of the grating measuring points is recorded regularly;
step 4: selecting a fracture test section:
when the displacement deformation D of the optical fiber between the two grating measuring points in the step 3 is larger than a set value, selecting a nearby area as a water injection pressure test area; the displacement component vector identifier is arranged in a double-column sieve tube, the stratum strain condition and the displacement direction are detected, and the displacement signal with vector information is analyzed through fracture mechanical property analysis software to obtain fracture mechanical property F;
step 5: water injection pressure test:
after the formation space displacement direction detection is completed, an inner layer pipe of a double-pipe-column screen pipe with a packer is placed at a detection position, the inner layer pipe is connected with a water injection system, water is continuously injected into the packers, so that two packers expand to form a crack test section of a closed environment, at the moment, the water injection system is used for injecting water into the crack test section through the inner layer pipe according to a set speed, and a pressure collector is opened to record the change condition of water injection pressure P;
step 6: and evaluating crack reliability:
the outer screen pipe of the double-pipe-column screen pipe is provided with blind holes, the blind holes are broken through increasing the water injection pressure of the fracture test section when the fracture reliability is evaluated, so that the inner water injection pipe is directly communicated with the stratum, and the test effect is checked;
step 7: and (3) comprehensive data analysis:
the fracture mechanical property analysis software comprises two parts of stress strain displacement component analysis and seismic source mechanism analysis, and determines the space-time evolution rule of the overlying strata according to the change conditions of the optical fiber displacement deformation D, the fracture mechanical property F and the water injection pressure P, wherein the specific operation method comprises the following steps:
(1) The optical fiber displacement deformation D comprises three types of a falling zone D1 with the optical fiber displacement deformation larger than 50 mm/grating measuring point/day, a large displacement section D2 with the optical fiber displacement deformation larger than 10 mm/grating measuring point/day and a small displacement section D3 with the optical fiber displacement deformation larger than 5 mm/grating measuring point/day;
(2) The fracture mechanical property F comprises three types of tensioning property F1, tilting property F2 and sliding property F3;
(3) The water injection pressure P comprises three types of low pressure P1 with the maximum water injection pressure less than 3MPa, medium pressure P2 with the maximum water injection pressure more than 3MPa and less than 15MPa and high pressure P3 with the maximum water injection pressure more than 15MPa and less than 30 MPa;
(4) The space-time evolution rule function f of the overburden fracture is determined by D, F, P, and the calculation formula is as follows:
and is also provided with
Where i=1, 2, 3 represent cracks of tensile property, slip property and slip property, respectively, j is a unit of number, and n cracks are represented.
7. The method for testing the coal mine overburden fracture space-time evolution law according to claim 6, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the drilling design in the step 1 comprises the setting of the drilling aperture, the drilling depth, the azimuth and the inclination angle; the bore diameter of the drill hole is not less than 94mm and not more than 120mm; the depth, the azimuth and the inclination angle of the drilling holes are mutually coordinated, so that the vertical distance of the drilling final hole position above the rock stratum is not less than 10 times of the coal mining height; when the multiple holes are tested simultaneously, the projection of the final hole positions of the multiple drilling holes on the plane is kept at the same horizontal plane;
the control range of the microseism monitoring equipment in the step 1 is correspondingly set according to the positions of the microseism detectors arranged on the ground, the microseism detectors are radially distributed by taking the projection of the final hole position on the horizontal plane as the center, and the radial radius of the drilling hole with the monitoring depth smaller than 500m is not smaller than 100m; for boreholes with a monitoring depth greater than 500m, the radial radius is not less than 300m.
8. The method for testing the coal mine overburden fracture space-time evolution law according to claim 6, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the hole sealing material in the step 2 is prepared by the following steps:
coring each stratum of a coal face to be monitored, obtaining a coring sample of each stratum, measuring rock physical and mechanical parameters of different strata to obtain each physical and mechanical parameter of different strata, wherein the mechanical characteristic parameters of the hole sealing material are consistent with the stratum of a research area, and the mechanical characteristic parameters at least comprise elastic modulus and poisson ratio;
and (3) hole sealing is carried out by using the hole sealing material after the step (2) is completed, and after a period of time is waited, the subsequent step is carried out after the hole sealing material is completely stable.
9. The method for testing the coal mine overburden fracture space-time evolution law according to claim 6, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: and (3) recording the optical fiber displacement deformation D of the grating measuring point at regular time in the step (3), namely recording the optical fiber displacement deformation D every day when the projection distance between the mining working surface and the position of the test drilling terminal hole on the plane is smaller than 100 m.
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