CN116135358A - Warm extrusion manufacturing method of gear - Google Patents
Warm extrusion manufacturing method of gear Download PDFInfo
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- CN116135358A CN116135358A CN202310236777.7A CN202310236777A CN116135358A CN 116135358 A CN116135358 A CN 116135358A CN 202310236777 A CN202310236777 A CN 202310236777A CN 116135358 A CN116135358 A CN 116135358A
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- lubricant
- surface smooth
- extrusion die
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000304 warm extrusion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229920000587 hyperbranched polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 36
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000006082 mold release agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010862 gear shaping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
- B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/32—Lubrication of metal being extruded or of dies, or the like, e.g. physical state of lubricant, location where lubricant is applied
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C29/00—Cooling or heating work or parts of the extrusion press; Gas treatment of work
- B21C29/003—Cooling or heating of work
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of gear ring processing, in particular to a gear warm extrusion manufacturing method. Carrying out surface pretreatment on a toothless gear blank to obtain a surface smooth blank, coating the surface smooth blank with a lubricant, heating to the whole temperature of 380-400 ℃, and placing the heated surface smooth blank into a lower extrusion die; and under a certain pressure, using an upper extrusion die matched with the tooth form to be processed, and extruding and forming the surface smooth blank under the combined action of the upper extrusion die and the lower extrusion die to obtain the gear. The gear is extruded at 380-400 ℃, so that the blank can finish the processing process under the medium temperature condition, the deformation of the high Wen Pei material is avoided, and the processing precision is further improved; the pressure and the extrusion time are optimized, so that the production efficiency is further improved while the processing precision is ensured; the components of the lubricant are selected and optimized, so that the machining precision and efficiency are further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of gear ring processing, in particular to a gear warm extrusion manufacturing method.
Background
The processing method of the gear generally comprises hobbing, gear shaping, gear milling and gear grinding. However, these conventional machining methods have the problem that each tooth needs to be machined one by one, and the machining period of each gear is correspondingly prolonged.
Currently, a technology for performing one-time processing and forming on a gear by using an extrusion mode is presented. The blank placed in the die is pressurized by a punch or a male die, so that the gear can be molded once.
Extrusion has the disadvantage that the machining accuracy may not reach a particularly good level and if applied in precision instruments, finishing is also required.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a warm extrusion manufacturing method of gears, which aims to solve the problem of machining precision existing in warm extrusion.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a warm extrusion manufacturing method of gears, comprising the steps of:
(1) Carrying out surface pretreatment on a toothless gear blank to obtain a surface smooth blank, coating the surface smooth blank with a lubricant, heating to the whole temperature of 380-400 ℃, and placing the heated surface smooth blank into a lower extrusion die;
(2) And under a certain pressure, using an upper extrusion die matched with the tooth form to be processed, and extruding and forming the surface smooth blank under the combined action of the upper extrusion die and the lower extrusion die to obtain the gear.
In the warm extrusion manufacturing method, certain pressure in the step (2) is 14-16MPa.
In the warm extrusion manufacturing method, the extrusion process in the step (2) takes 14-16 seconds.
In the warm extrusion manufacturing method, the machining precision of tooth shape and tooth phase is 5-6 grade.
The warm extrusion manufacturing method carries out surface pretreatment to remove the oxide layer and dirt on the outer surface of the gear blank.
According to the warm extrusion manufacturing method, the lubricant contains graphite and hyperbranched polymer, and the weight ratio of the graphite to the hyperbranched polymer is 1:0.1-0.3.
According to the warm extrusion manufacturing method, the hyperbranched polymer is carboxyl-terminated hyperbranched polymer, and the hyperbranched algebra is 3-4.
In the warm extrusion manufacturing method, the lubricant also contains water, a dispersing agent and a thickening agent.
The thickness of the lubricant coating is 0.05-0.1mm.
In the warm extrusion manufacturing method, a release agent is coated in a lower extrusion die.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the gear is extruded at 380-400 ℃, so that the blank can finish the processing process under the medium temperature condition, the deformation of the high Wen Pei material is avoided, and the processing precision is further improved;
2. the pressure and the extrusion time are optimized, so that the production efficiency is further improved while the processing precision is ensured; 3. the components of the lubricant are selected and optimized, so that the machining precision and efficiency are further improved.
Detailed Description
A warm extrusion manufacturing method of gears, comprising the steps of:
(1) Carrying out surface pretreatment on a toothless gear blank to obtain a surface smooth blank, coating the surface smooth blank with a lubricant, heating to the whole temperature of 380-400 ℃, and placing the heated surface smooth blank into a lower extrusion die;
(2) And under a certain pressure, using an upper extrusion die matched with the tooth form to be processed, and extruding and forming the surface smooth blank under the combined action of the upper extrusion die and the lower extrusion die to obtain the gear.
Considering that different pressures can influence the extrusion time, the extrusion time is related to the temperature of the blank, and comprehensively considering the relation between time and temperature, the certain pressure in the step (2) is set to be 14-16MPa, so that the extrusion time and the temperature change of the blank are the optimal range.
Meanwhile, the extrusion pressure and the temperature change of the blank are comprehensively considered, and the time spent in the extrusion process in the step (2) is controlled to be 14-16 seconds, so that the obtained extrusion finished product has higher precision. The machining precision of tooth shape and tooth phase can reach 5-6 grade.
Before extrusion, the surface pretreatment is carried out on the blank, so that the oxide layer and dirt on the outer surface of the gear blank are removed, and the improvement of the machining precision is facilitated.
The lubricating effect of the lubricant is also a critical factor in the processing grade throughout the extrusion process. In order to obtain higher processing precision, the lubricant used contains graphite and hyperbranched polymer, and the weight ratio of the graphite to the hyperbranched polymer is 1:0.1-0.3. The hyperbranched polymer is carboxyl-terminated hyperbranched polymer, and the hyperbranched algebra is 3-4. In order to facilitate the storage and transportation of the lubricant, the lubricant also contains water, a dispersing agent and a thickening agent, so that the graphite and the hyperbranched polymer can be dispersed in the water, and the lubricant is convenient to take. The lubricant coating thickness is preferably 0.05-0.1mm.
In order to facilitate demolding, a release agent is coated in the lower extrusion die in advance.
The molds used in the following examples and comparative examples were all completely new, and the influence of the molds on the processing process and the results was removed.
Example 1
A warm extrusion manufacturing method of gears, comprising the steps of:
(1) Carrying out surface pretreatment on a toothless gear blank to obtain a surface smooth blank, coating the surface smooth blank with a lubricant, heating to the whole temperature of 380 ℃, and placing the heated surface smooth blank into a lower extrusion die;
(2) And (3) under 16MPa, using an upper extrusion die matched with the tooth form to be processed, and under the combined action of the upper extrusion die and the lower extrusion die, performing extrusion molding on the surface smooth blank, wherein the time for the extrusion process is controlled at 14 seconds, so as to obtain the gear.
The lubricant contains graphite, hyperbranched polymer, water, dispersing agent and thickening agent, and the weight ratio of the graphite to the hyperbranched polymer is 1:0.3. The solid content of the lubricant is 20%, the hyperbranched polymer is carboxyl-terminated hyperbranched polymer, the hyperbranched algebra is 4, and the coating thickness of the lubricant is 0.05mm.
The machining precision of the extruded gear is 6 grade.
Example 2
A warm extrusion manufacturing method of gears, comprising the steps of:
(1) Carrying out surface pretreatment on a toothless gear blank to obtain a surface smooth blank, coating the surface smooth blank with a lubricant, heating the surface smooth blank to the overall temperature of 400 ℃, and placing the heated surface smooth blank into a lower extrusion die;
(2) And (3) under 14MPa, using an upper extrusion die matched with the tooth form to be processed, and under the combined action of the upper extrusion die and the lower extrusion die, performing extrusion molding on the surface smooth blank, wherein the time for the extrusion process is controlled at 16 seconds, so as to obtain the gear.
The lubricant contains graphite, hyperbranched polymer, water, dispersing agent and thickening agent, and the weight ratio of the graphite to the hyperbranched polymer is 1:0.1. The solid content of the lubricant is 30%, the hyperbranched polymer is carboxyl-terminated hyperbranched polymer, the hyperbranched algebra is 3, and the coating thickness of the lubricant is 0.1mm.
The machining precision of the extruded gear is 6 grade.
Example 3
A warm extrusion manufacturing method of gears, comprising the steps of:
(1) Carrying out surface pretreatment on a toothless gear blank to obtain a surface smooth blank, coating the surface smooth blank with a lubricant, heating to the integral temperature of 390 ℃, and placing the heated surface smooth blank into a lower extrusion die;
(2) And (3) using an upper extrusion die matched with the tooth form to be processed under 15MPa, and extruding and forming the surface smooth blank under the combined action of the upper extrusion die and the lower extrusion die, wherein the time for the extrusion process is controlled at 15 seconds, so as to obtain the gear.
The lubricant contains graphite, hyperbranched polymer, water, dispersing agent and thickening agent, and the weight ratio of the graphite to the hyperbranched polymer is 1:0.2. The solid content of the lubricant is 25%, the hyperbranched polymer is carboxyl-terminated hyperbranched polymer, the hyperbranched algebra is 4, and the coating thickness of the lubricant is 0.1mm.
The machining precision of the extruded gear is 5 levels.
Example 4
A warm extrusion manufacturing method of gears, comprising the steps of:
(1) Carrying out surface pretreatment on a toothless gear blank to obtain a surface smooth blank, coating the surface smooth blank with a lubricant, heating to the whole temperature of 380 ℃, and placing the heated surface smooth blank into a lower extrusion die;
(2) And (3) under 14MPa, using an upper extrusion die matched with the tooth form to be processed, and under the combined action of the upper extrusion die and the lower extrusion die, performing extrusion molding on the surface smooth blank, wherein the time for the extrusion process is controlled at 16 seconds, so as to obtain the gear.
The lubricant contains graphite, hyperbranched polymer, water, dispersing agent and thickening agent, and the weight ratio of the graphite to the hyperbranched polymer is 1:0.1. The solid content of the lubricant is 20%, the hyperbranched polymer is carboxyl-terminated hyperbranched polymer, the hyperbranched algebra is 3, and the coating thickness of the lubricant is 0.05mm.
The machining precision of the extruded gear is 6 grade.
Example 5
A warm extrusion manufacturing method of gears, comprising the steps of:
(1) Carrying out surface pretreatment on a toothless gear blank to obtain a surface smooth blank, coating the surface smooth blank with a lubricant, heating the surface smooth blank to the overall temperature of 400 ℃, and placing the heated surface smooth blank into a lower extrusion die;
(2) And (3) under 16MPa, using an upper extrusion die matched with the tooth form to be processed, and under the combined action of the upper extrusion die and the lower extrusion die, performing extrusion molding on the surface smooth blank, wherein the time for the extrusion process is controlled at 14 seconds, so as to obtain the gear.
The lubricant contains graphite, hyperbranched polymer, water, dispersing agent and thickening agent, and the weight ratio of the graphite to the hyperbranched polymer is 1:0.3. The solid content of the lubricant is 30%, the hyperbranched polymer is carboxyl-terminated hyperbranched polymer, the hyperbranched algebra is 4, and the coating thickness of the lubricant is 0.1mm.
The machining precision of the extruded gear is 5 levels.
Comparative example 1
A warm extrusion manufacturing method of gears, comprising the steps of:
(1) Carrying out surface pretreatment on a toothless gear blank to obtain a surface smooth blank, coating the surface smooth blank with a lubricant, heating to the whole temperature of 380 ℃, and placing the heated surface smooth blank into a lower extrusion die;
(2) And (3) under 16MPa, using an upper extrusion die matched with the tooth form to be processed, and under the combined action of the upper extrusion die and the lower extrusion die, performing extrusion molding on the surface smooth blank, wherein the time for the extrusion process is controlled at 14 seconds, so as to obtain the gear.
The lubricant contains graphite, water, a dispersing agent and a thickening agent, the solid content of the lubricant is 20%, and the coating thickness of the lubricant is 0.05mm.
The machining precision of the extruded gear is 7 grades.
Comparative example 2
A warm extrusion manufacturing method of gears, comprising the steps of:
(1) Carrying out surface pretreatment on a toothless gear blank to obtain a surface smooth blank, coating the surface smooth blank with a lubricant, heating the surface smooth blank to the overall temperature of 400 ℃, and placing the heated surface smooth blank into a lower extrusion die;
(2) And (3) under 14MPa, using an upper extrusion die matched with the tooth form to be processed, and under the combined action of the upper extrusion die and the lower extrusion die, performing extrusion molding on the surface smooth blank, wherein the time for the extrusion process is controlled at 16 seconds, so as to obtain the gear.
The lubricant contains graphite, water, a dispersing agent and a thickening agent, the solid content of the lubricant is 30%, and the coating thickness of the lubricant is 0.1mm.
The machining precision of the extruded gear is 8-level.
Comparative example 3
A warm extrusion manufacturing method of gears, comprising the steps of:
(1) Carrying out surface pretreatment on a toothless gear blank to obtain a surface smooth blank, coating the surface smooth blank with a lubricant, heating to the integral temperature of 390 ℃, and placing the heated surface smooth blank into a lower extrusion die;
(2) And (3) using an upper extrusion die matched with the tooth form to be processed under 15MPa, and extruding and forming the surface smooth blank under the combined action of the upper extrusion die and the lower extrusion die, wherein the time for the extrusion process is controlled at 15 seconds, so as to obtain the gear.
The lubricant contains graphite, water, a dispersing agent and a thickening agent, the solid content of the lubricant is 25%, and the coating thickness of the lubricant is 0.1mm.
The machining precision of the extruded gear is 7 grades.
Comparative example 4
A warm extrusion manufacturing method of gears, comprising the steps of:
(1) Carrying out surface pretreatment on a toothless gear blank to obtain a surface smooth blank, coating the surface smooth blank with a lubricant, heating to the whole temperature of 380 ℃, and placing the heated surface smooth blank into a lower extrusion die;
(2) And (3) under 14MPa, using an upper extrusion die matched with the tooth form to be processed, and under the combined action of the upper extrusion die and the lower extrusion die, performing extrusion molding on the surface smooth blank, wherein the time for the extrusion process is controlled at 16 seconds, so as to obtain the gear.
The lubricant contains graphite, water, a dispersing agent and a thickening agent, the solid content of the lubricant is 20%, and the coating thickness of the lubricant is 0.05mm.
The machining precision of the extruded gear is 7 grades.
Comparative example 5
A warm extrusion manufacturing method of gears, comprising the steps of:
(1) Carrying out surface pretreatment on a toothless gear blank to obtain a surface smooth blank, coating the surface smooth blank with a lubricant, heating the surface smooth blank to the overall temperature of 400 ℃, and placing the heated surface smooth blank into a lower extrusion die;
(2) And (3) under 16MPa, using an upper extrusion die matched with the tooth form to be processed, and under the combined action of the upper extrusion die and the lower extrusion die, performing extrusion molding on the surface smooth blank, wherein the time for the extrusion process is controlled at 14 seconds, so as to obtain the gear.
The lubricant contains graphite, water, a dispersing agent and a thickening agent, the solid content of the lubricant is 30%, and the coating thickness of the lubricant is 0.1mm.
The machining precision of the extruded gear is 7 grades.
Comparative example 6
A warm extrusion manufacturing method of gears, comprising the steps of:
(1) Carrying out surface pretreatment on a toothless gear blank to obtain a surface smooth blank, coating the surface smooth blank with a lubricant, heating to the integral temperature of 390 ℃, and placing the heated surface smooth blank into a lower extrusion die;
(2) And (3) using an upper extrusion die matched with the tooth form to be processed under 15MPa, and extruding and forming the surface smooth blank under the combined action of the upper extrusion die and the lower extrusion die, wherein the time for the extrusion process is controlled at 15 seconds, so as to obtain the gear.
The lubricant contains graphite, hyperbranched polymer, water, dispersing agent and thickening agent, and the weight ratio of the graphite to the hyperbranched polymer is 1:0.2. The solid content of the lubricant is 25%, the hyperbranched polymer is an amide-terminated hyperbranched polymer, the hyperbranched algebra is 4, and the coating thickness of the lubricant is 0.1mm.
The machining precision of the extruded gear is 6 grade.
Claims (10)
1. The warm extrusion manufacturing method of the gear is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Carrying out surface pretreatment on a toothless gear blank to obtain a surface smooth blank, coating the surface smooth blank with a lubricant, heating to the whole temperature of 380-400 ℃, and placing the heated surface smooth blank into a lower extrusion die;
(2) And under a certain pressure, using an upper extrusion die matched with the tooth form to be processed, and extruding and forming the surface smooth blank under the combined action of the upper extrusion die and the lower extrusion die to obtain the gear.
2. The warm extrusion manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the certain pressure in the step (2) is 14 to 16MPa.
3. The warm extrusion manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the extrusion process in step (2) takes 14 to 16 seconds.
4. A warm extrusion manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the machining accuracy of tooth form, tooth phase is 5 to 6 stages.
5. The warm extrusion manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein surface pretreatment is performed to remove oxide layers and dirt on the outer surface of the gear blank.
6. The warm extrusion manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the lubricant contains graphite and a hyperbranched polymer in a weight ratio of 1:0.1 to 0.3.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the hyperbranched polymer is a carboxyl-terminated hyperbranched polymer, and the hyperbranched algebraic number is 3 to 4.
8. The warm extrusion manufacturing method according to claim 2, wherein the lubricant further contains water, a dispersant and a thickener.
9. The warm extrusion manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the lubricant coating thickness is 0.05 to 0.1mm.
10. The warm extrusion manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein a mold release agent is coated in the lower extrusion die.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310236777.7A CN116135358B (en) | 2023-03-13 | 2023-03-13 | Warm extrusion manufacturing method of gear |
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| CN202310236777.7A CN116135358B (en) | 2023-03-13 | 2023-03-13 | Warm extrusion manufacturing method of gear |
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| CN116135358B CN116135358B (en) | 2024-05-07 |
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