CN116131948B - Gray-GSM constellation construction method, device, terminal and medium based on visible light communication - Google Patents

Gray-GSM constellation construction method, device, terminal and medium based on visible light communication Download PDF

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CN116131948B
CN116131948B CN202310402991.5A CN202310402991A CN116131948B CN 116131948 B CN116131948 B CN 116131948B CN 202310402991 A CN202310402991 A CN 202310402991A CN 116131948 B CN116131948 B CN 116131948B
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gsm
gray
constellation
led group
effective activated
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CN116131948A (en
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蒋伟楷
杨肇杰
请求不公布姓名
吕梁
方毅
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Guangdong University of Technology
Guangzhou Haoyang Electronic Co Ltd
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Guangdong University of Technology
Guangzhou Haoyang Electronic Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/11—Arrangements specific to free-space transmission, i.e. transmission through air or vacuum
    • H04B10/114—Indoor or close-range type systems
    • H04B10/116—Visible light communication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50—Transmitters
    • H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Optical Communication System (AREA)

Abstract

The utility model discloses a Gray-GSM constellation construction method, device, terminal and medium based on visible light communication, the scheme provided by the application firstly constructs the channel response matrix according to the system parameters of the VLC system, evaluates the relativity among different LED groups based on the channel response matrix, then selects the effective activated LED group according to the relativity result, constructs the GSM constellation by utilizing the selected effective activated LED group according to Gray rule, ensures the stability of the performance of the VLC system, and solves the technical problem of unstable communication quality of the existing GSM constellation mapping mode.

Description

Gray-GSM constellation construction method, device, terminal and medium based on visible light communication
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of information technologies, and in particular, to a method, an apparatus, a terminal, and a medium for constructing a Gray-GSM constellation based on visible light communication.
Background
With the popularization of information industry, the industry has an urgent need for a data transmission scheme capable of simultaneously considering two performance indexes of transmission quality and transmission rate, so as to solve the "last kilometer" difficulty of broadband wireless access networks. For this reason, the fifth generation mobile communication (5 th Generation of Mobile Communication Systems, 5G) regards visible light communication (Visible Light Communication, VLC) as the most potential new technology. VLC has many advantages over conventional wireless radio frequency communications (Radio Frequency Communication, RFC), including low hardware cost, high energy efficiency, rich bandwidth resources, capability of avoiding electromagnetic interference, capability of utilizing a large number of unlicensed bands, and the like.
The transmitter of the VLC system adopts light emitting diodes (Light Emitting Diode, LEDs) as light sources, and the LEDs can realize high-speed flickering (namely bright and dark flickering which cannot be captured by naked eyes and is regarded as visible light) to transmit information; wherein the information carrier (i.e. visible light) is in the visible light band with a spectral wavelength of 380-700 nm. The receiver of the VLC system employs a photodiode (i.e., photodetector) for light detection, and the light signal can be converted into an electrical signal; after the electric signal is subjected to A/D conversion, the electric signal can be restored by a demodulator and a decoder to obtain the original information. Notably, due to the phenomenon of visual pauses of the human eye (i.e., afterglow effect) (Visual Staying Phenomenon, VSP), a human cannot capture the change in light and shade of light as long as the modulation frequency of the VLC system is sufficiently high. Thus, even if the VLC system is communicating, the LEDs can still perform their lighting function and can control the brightness level. Currently, the effective distance of VLC communication can reach tens of meters, and the LED lighting industry has become a mainstream light source, and is widely used in indoor environments.
In order to provide sufficient brightness in indoor environments, it is common practice to increase a light source, i.e., to use a plurality of LEDs simultaneously, and for such VLC systems having a plurality of LEDs, generally referred to as Multiple-Input Multiple-Output VLC (MIMO-VLC) systems, in order to improve data transmission quality while increasing the data transmission rate of the MIMO-VLC systems; a generalized spatial modulation (Generalized Spatial Modulation, GSM) constellation is proposed. The GSM constellation delivers information (i.e. explicit transmission) by controlling the activation of part of the LEDs, i.e. the active LED group; the photodetector will acquire this explicit transmission information and will detect which LED combination excited by this information. Thus, different combinations of LEDs in the transmitter can also carry different information, which is regarded as implicit transmission.
When the existing GSM constellation selects the active LED groups, a natural mapping mode is generally adopted for screening, namely, a plurality of LED groups at the forefront are sequentially selected as the active LED groups, but the technical problem of unstable communication quality of the existing GSM constellation mapping mode is found in the practical application process.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a Gray-GSM constellation construction method, device, terminal and medium based on visible light communication, which are used for solving the technical problem that the existing GSM constellation mapping mode has unstable communication quality.
In order to solve the technical problem, a first aspect of the present application provides a Gray-GSM constellation construction method based on visible light communication, which is characterized in that the method includes:
constructing a channel response matrix according to the number of LEDs of a transmitter and a receiver in the VLC system;
dividing a plurality of submatrices from the channel response matrix according to the number of LEDs and the preset number of LEDs to be activated;
constructing a correlation coefficient calculation formula among the submatrices;
calculating the correlation coefficient of each group of sub-matrix pairs according to the correlation coefficient calculation formula, wherein the sub-matrix pairs refer to matrix groups formed by any two sub-matrices;
screening the subarray pairs of each group according to the correlation coefficient to determine an effective activated LED group;
generating index bit groups corresponding to the number according to the effective activated LED groups, and establishing a mapping relation between the index bit groups and the effective activated LED groups according to Gray rules to obtain Gray-GSM constellations.
Preferably, the correlation coefficient calculation formula is specifically:
；
in the method, in the process of the invention,is a submatrix->And submatrix->Correlation coefficient of>And (2) and，/>representing a dimension of +.>Is provided.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
acquiring UPAM signal orders of an effective activated LED group in the Gray-GSM constellation based on the Gray-GSM constellation;
according to the UPAM signal order, initializing the energy intensity of each group of effective activated LED groups in the Gray-GSM constellation;
and monitoring the capacity change of each channel in the Gray-GSM constellation through an average mutual information algorithm, and adjusting the energy intensity so that the Gray-GSM constellation maximizes the channel capacity of the VLC system under the condition of keeping the total energy unchanged.
Preferably, the initializing the energy intensity of each group of active LEDs in the Gray-GSM constellation according to the UPAM signal order specifically includes:
selecting any one from the active LED groups as an original first active LED group, and initializing the energy intensity of the first active LED group according to the UPAM signal order;
initializing the energy intensity of a second effective activated LED group according to the energy intensity of the first effective activated LED group and a first interval coefficient, wherein the second effective activated LED group refers to the effective activated LED group with the largest correlation with the first effective activated LED group;
determining a new first effective activated LED from the rest effective activated LED groups, initializing the energy intensity of the new first effective activated LED groups based on the energy intensity of the original first effective activated LED groups by combining the UPAM signal order and the second interval coefficient, and initializing the energy intensity of the corresponding second effective activated LED groups according to the energy intensity of the first effective activated LED groups until the energy intensities of all the effective activated LED groups are initialized.
A second aspect of the present application provides a Gray-GSM constellation construction device based on visible light communication, including:
the channel response matrix construction unit is used for constructing a channel response matrix according to the number of LEDs of a transmitter and a receiver in the VLC system;
the sub-matrix dividing unit is used for dividing a plurality of sub-matrices from the channel response matrix according to the number of LEDs and the preset number of LEDs to activate;
a correlation coefficient calculation formula construction unit for constructing a correlation coefficient calculation formula between the sub-matrices;
a correlation coefficient calculation unit, configured to calculate, according to the correlation coefficient calculation formula, a correlation coefficient of each set of sub-matrix pairs, where the sub-matrix pairs refer to a matrix set that is formed by any two sub-matrices;
an effective activated LED group screening unit, configured to screen the sub-matrix pairs of each group according to the correlation coefficient, and determine an effective activated LED group;
and the Gray-GSM constellation construction unit is used for generating index bit groups corresponding to the number according to the effective activated LED groups, and establishing a mapping relation between the index bit groups and the effective activated LED groups according to Gray rules to obtain Gray-GSM constellations.
Preferably, the correlation coefficient calculation formula is specifically:
；
in the method, in the process of the invention,is a submatrix->And submatrix->Correlation coefficient of>And->，/>Representing a dimension of +.>Is provided.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
an LED energy intensity initializing unit for: and acquiring UPAM signal orders of the active LED groups in the Gray-GSM constellation based on the Gray-GSM constellation, and respectively initializing the energy intensity of each active LED group in the Gray-GSM constellation according to the UPAM signal orders so that the Gray-GSM constellation maximizes the channel capacity of the VLC system under the condition of keeping the total energy unchanged.
Preferably, the energy intensity initializing unit performs energy intensity initialization on each group of active LED groups in the Gray-GSM constellation according to the UPAM signal order, where the energy intensity initializing unit specifically includes:
selecting any one from the active LED groups as an original first active LED group, and initializing the energy intensity of the first active LED group according to the UPAM signal order;
initializing the energy intensity of a second effective activated LED group according to the energy intensity of the first effective activated LED group and a first interval coefficient, wherein the second effective activated LED group refers to the effective activated LED group with the largest correlation with the first effective activated LED group;
determining a new first effective activated LED from the rest effective activated LED groups, initializing the energy intensity of the new first effective activated LED groups based on the energy intensity of the original first effective activated LED groups by combining the UPAM signal order and the second interval coefficient, and initializing the energy intensity of the corresponding second effective activated LED groups according to the energy intensity of the first effective activated LED groups until the energy intensities of all the effective activated LED groups are initialized.
A third aspect of the present application provides a Gray-GSM constellation construction terminal based on visible light communication, including: a memory and a processor;
the memory is used for storing program codes, and the program codes correspond to the Gray-GSM constellation construction method based on visible light communication provided by the first aspect of the application;
the processor is configured to execute the program code.
A fourth aspect of the present application provides a computer readable storage medium, in which a program code is stored, and the program code corresponds to the Gray-GSM constellation construction method based on visible light communication provided in the first aspect of the present application.
From the above technical scheme, the application has the following advantages:
according to the scheme provided by the application, the channel response matrix is firstly constructed according to the system parameters of the VLC system, the correlation among different LED groups is evaluated based on the channel response matrix, then the effective activated LED group is selected according to the correlation result, the GSM constellation is constructed by utilizing the selected effective activated LED group according to Gray rules, and the stability of the performance of the VLC system is ensured, so that the technical problem of unstable communication quality in the existing GSM constellation mapping mode is solved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive faculty for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a MIMO-VLC system architecture based on PLDPC codes.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a basic embodiment of a Gray-GSM constellation construction method based on visible light communication provided in the present application.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of a further embodiment of a Gray-GSM constellation construction method based on visible light communication provided in the present application.
Fig. 4 is a diagram showing channel capacity comparison between a conventional GSM constellation, a signal domain expansion-reassignment GSM constellation and a non-uniform energy Gray-GSM constellation.
Fig. 5 is a bit error rate/frame error rate comparison diagram of a conventional GSM constellation, a signal domain expansion-reassignment GSM constellation, and a non-uniform energy Gray-GSM constellation.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a Gray-GSM constellation building device based on visible light communication provided in the present application.
Detailed Description
As shown in FIG. 1, which shows a conventional MIMO-VLC system based on the original Low-Density Parity-Check (PLDPC) coding, an information bit sequence is given firstIt is input to PLDPC encoder to obtain a coded bit sequenceThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Then the coded bit sequence is sent to a bit level interleaver to obtain a bit interleaving sequence after specific interleaving treatment>. The bit interleaved sequence is then fed into a constellation mapper based on the GSM constellation for intensity modulation and consequent generation of an optical signal. In the GSM constellation mapping, first of all +.>A plurality of LEDs as an active LED group; the number of all possible active LED groups is +.>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Due toMay not be a power of 2, need to be from +.>Select +.>And serves as an active LED group. It is assumed that during the transmission of the optical signal, one LED carries a number of bits of +.>The transmission rate is thenThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein, the front->The individual bits select the active LED group (i.e. implicitly transmitted information), followed by +.>The individual bits select the corresponding LED optical signal strength (i.e., dominant transmitted information). The set of optical signal intensities based on the M-order UPAM modulation scheme is shown below:
，（1）
wherein,,is the average optical signal intensity, normalized to 1. The signals acquired by the receiver are as follows:
。（2）
is a size +.>Is a received signal vector of (a); />Is a size +.>Additive white gaussian noise (Additive White Gaussian Noise, AWGN) vectors;is a size +.>Is>The individual elements are +.>A positive real value and are all taken from the set of optical signal intensities of the UPAM modulation scheme, while the remainder +.>Each element is 0; h is a size +.>The elements of which are calculated by the following formula
。（3）
The meaning of the above parameters is shown in the following table:
after the receiver acquires the signal, it will input it into the constellation demapper to calculate the LLR (i.e., L1) corresponding to the bit interleaved sequence; then, L2 is obtained by carrying out specific de-interleaving on L1, and L2 is input into a master pattern decoder for decoding; finally, the original pattern decoder outputs a soft-decision decoded bit sequence S'.
In Table 2, the number of activated LEDs isThe order of UPAM is +.>。
Based on the above prior art solution, the applicant found that the existing GSM constellation only considers the natural mapping when selecting an active LED group; according to the formula (2), the optical signal is affected by the channel response matrix during the transmission process, and there is a correlation between any two LEDs (the lower the correlation between two LEDs is, the easier the receiver distinguishes the two LEDs); and the forefront is selected in order in the natural mappingThe LED groups are active LED groups (i.e. the correlation between LEDs is ignored), but forefront +.>The individual LED groups are not necessarily capable of ensuring that the performance of the MIMO-VLC system is optimal, thus resulting in the state of the art of instability of the existing MIMO-VLC systems.
In view of this, the embodiments of the present application provide a method, apparatus, terminal and medium for constructing Gray-GSM constellation based on visible light communication, which are used to solve the technical problem that the existing GSM constellation mapping method has unstable communication quality.
In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the present disclosure, are within the scope of the present disclosure.
First, a detailed description is provided about a basic embodiment of a Gray-GSM constellation construction method based on visible light communication.
Referring to fig. 2, the method for constructing a Gray-GSM constellation based on visible light communication provided in this embodiment includes:
and 101, constructing a channel response matrix according to the LED numbers of a transmitter and a receiver in the VLC system.
First, according to the number of LEDs of a transmitter and a receiver in a VLC system, wherein the number of LEDs of the transmitter is assumed to beThe number of receiver LEDs is +.>Construct a size of +.>Wherein the expression of the channel response matrix H of the present embodiment may be:
；
the serial number of each row in (a) represents the serial number of the receiving LED and the serial number of each column represents the serial number of the transmitting LED. Matrix arrayThe elements inside are all generated by equation (3) (related to the spatial position, emission angle of the emitting LED and the receiving LED).
Element(s)Indicate->Emitting LEDs to->Channel fading coefficients of the individual receiving LEDs, +.>And->Representing the row and column numbers of the matrix, respectively, the elements in the same row representing only the fading coefficients of different transmitting LEDs to a certain receiving LED (e.g. element +.>Represents 1, 2, …, < >, respectively>Channel fading coefficients for each transmitting LED to the 1 st receiving LED). Similarly, the elements in the same column represent only the fading coefficients of a certain transmitting LED to a different receiving LED, (e.g., the element of the first row +.>Representing the 1 st emission LED to 1 st, 2 nd, …, < >>Channel fading coefficients of the individual receiving LEDs).
Step 102, dividing a plurality of submatrices from the channel response matrix according to the number of LEDs and the preset number of LEDs to be activated.
It should be noted that given activationThe number of LEDs isThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The number of all possible active LED groups isWhile the number of active LED groups is +.>Based on the channel response matrix H constructed in the previous step, any +.>The submatrix of the individual column vectors is +.>I.e. +.>Is +.>. At the same time define->Is->And->And a correlation coefficient therebetween, wherein,and->。
For example: when (when)，/>If matrix->The column vectors of the first column and the second column form a submatrix of +.>If matrix->The column vectors of the third column and the fourth column form a submatrixBy analogy, a total of 6 submatrices can be generated, < >>And->Are all similar sub-matrices.
And 103, constructing a correlation coefficient calculation formula among the submatrices.
It should be noted that, the correlation coefficient calculation formula provided in this embodiment may be:
；
in the method, in the process of the invention,is a submatrix->And submatrix->Is used for the correlation coefficient of the (c) for the (c),and->，/>Representing a dimension of +.>Is a UPAM modulation symbol vector, ">Element representation +.>Corresponding to the optical signal to be transmitted by the first activated LED in the active antenna group,/->Indicating that the second activated LED in the antenna group is effectively activated to transmit a signal, and so on.
Step 104, calculating the correlation coefficient of each group of sub-matrix pairs by using a correlation coefficient calculation formula.
Wherein, the sub-matrix pair refers to a matrix group consisting of any two sub-matrices.
Based on the above-mentioned multiple sub-matrix pairs formed by combining the sub-matrices, the above-mentioned correlation coefficient calculation formula can be obtainedThe largest correlation coefficient, wherein a larger correlation coefficient indicates a lower degree of correlation of the two sub-matrices, and the sub-matrices constituting these correlation coefficients are all different, i.e.>For active LED group (+)>A different sub-matrix, each of which may correspond to an active LED group).
And 105, screening the subarray pairs of each group according to the correlation coefficient to determine the effective activated LED group.
And 106, generating index bit groups corresponding to the number according to the effective activated LED groups, and establishing a mapping relation between the index bit groups and the effective activated LED groups according to Gray rules to obtain Gray-GSM constellations.
Then, based on the correlation coefficient calculated in step 104, the correlation between different LEDs can be considered, and thenSelect +.>The LED groups with the lowest correlation form an effective activated LED group, and after the effective activated LED group is determined, the Gray rule is adopted to establish +.>Index bit group and->And effectively activating the mapping relation between the LED groups. The above process is completed, and a Gray-GSM constellation can be obtained.
For implementation of the mapping relationship, the following examples can be referred to:
each index bit group is composed ofThe number of coded bits (i.e. the first +.of the coded bits in Table 3)>Bits); for example, when->Each index bit group consists of 2 coded bits, i.e. 00, 01, 10, 11. We can do this->The index bit group is->Pairs, each pair consisting of two index bit groups and having a hamming distance between them of/>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the For example, when->And 00 and 11 are a pair, i.e., {00, 11} (the hamming distance between them is 2), and 01 and 10 are a pair, i.e., {01, 10} (the hamming distance between them is 2). We map each pair of index bit groups and each pair of active LED groups.
For another example, whenAt the time of {00, 11 })>{(LED1,LED2),(LED3,LED4)}, {01，10}->{ (LED 1, LED 3), (LED 2, LED 4) }. Meanwhile, we want to satisfy the following characteristics: for any two adjacent index bit groups (i.e., the Hamming distance between them is 1, e.g., 00 and 01), the two active LED groups corresponding thereto should possess as many LEDs as possible (e.g., 00->(LED 1, LED 2) and 01->(LED 1, LED 3)). By doing this, a Gray-GSM constellation can be obtained.
Through the Gray-GSM constellation construction scheme provided by the embodiment, the correlation among different LED groups is considered, then the effective activated LED groups are selected according to the correlation result, and a specific GSM constellation is constructed by using the selected effective activated LED groups according to Gray rules. The Gray-GSM constellation constructed by the embodiment can ensure the stability of the performance of the VLC system, thereby solving the technical problem that the communication quality is unstable in the existing GSM constellation mapping mode.
The foregoing is a detailed description of a basic embodiment of a Gray-GSM constellation construction method based on visible light communication provided in the present application, and the following is a further detailed description of an advanced embodiment provided on the basis of the basic embodiment of a Gray-GSM constellation construction method based on visible light communication provided in the foregoing application.
Referring to fig. 3, further, step 106 may further include:
and 107, acquiring UPAM signal orders of the active LED groups in the Gray-GSM constellation based on the Gray-GSM constellation.
And step 108, respectively initializing the energy intensity of each group of active LED groups in the Gray-GSM constellation according to the UPAM signal order.
More specifically, the step 108 may specifically include:
selecting any one from the active LED groups as an original first active LED group, and initializing the energy intensity of the first active LED group according to the UPAM signal order M;
in combination with a first spacing coefficient d, according to the energy intensity of the first active LED group 1 Initializing the energy intensity of a second active LED group, wherein the second active LED group refers to an active LED group with the largest correlation with the first active LED group;
determining a new first active LED from the remaining active LED groups, combining the UPAM signal order M and the second spacing coefficient k based on the energy intensity of the original first active LED group 1 、k 2 And initializing the energy intensity of the new first effective activated LED group, initializing the energy intensity of the corresponding second effective activated LED group according to the energy intensity of the first effective activated LED group, and initializing the energy intensity until the energy intensities of all the effective activated LED groups are initialized.
And 109, monitoring the capacity change of each channel in the Gray-GSM constellation through an average mutual information algorithm, and adjusting the energy intensity so that the Gray-GSM constellation maximizes the channel capacity of the VLC system under the condition of keeping the total energy unchanged.
It should be noted that, in the existing GSM constellation scheme, only the formula (1) is considered when selecting the optical signal strength, and the method of obtaining the optical signal strength from the formula (1) and other similar cases is not flexible enough (i.e. the possibility of fully considering all the optical signal strengths is not considered); in most of the current schemes, the light signal intensity of the LEDs is distributed according to a certain proportion, and the system has a certain limitation, namely the optimal performance of the MIMO-VLC system cannot be ensured. Therefore, on the basis of effectively activating the LED groups, the possibility of all the light signal intensities is considered, and the optimal light signal intensity value is determined by maximizing the channel capacity, so that the non-uniform energy Gray-GSM constellation is realized, and the performance of the VLC system is further improved.
Based on the Gray-GSM constellation obtained in the previous step, the number of active LED groups is as followsThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the While each active LED group consists of +.>A plurality of LEDs, each LED carrying oneMAn order UPAM signal. Due to one ofMThe UPAM signal hasMDifferent signals, we can assumeMDifferent energy intensities, i.e. +.>(respectively correspond toMDifferent signals). From the discussion above, we will first put thisMThe different energy intensities are used for the first active LED group; and for another active LED group that together with the active LED group constitutes the maximum correlation coefficient, in combination with a first spacing coefficientMThe energy intensity of the seed can be set to be +.>. For the second active LED group, it is activatedMThe different energy intensities are set as +.>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the While another active LED group, which together constitute the maximum correlation coefficient, is activeMThe energy intensity of the seeds is respectively. For the third active LED group, it can beMThe energy intensity of the seed is set to->The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the And together with it constitutes the other of the largest correlation coefficientsEffectively activate the LED groupMThe energy intensity of the seed is->. By analogy, we can initialize all the energy intensity values in the Gray-GSM constellation. The optimization variable +.>And->To achieve maximum channel capacity.
More specifically, assume thatTwo pairs of active LED groups are { (LED 1, LED 2), (LED 3, LED 4) }, { (LED 1, LED 3), (LED 2, LED 4) }; the order of UPAM is +.>. Then the two energy intensities of the first active LED group (LED 1, LED 2) are +.>，/>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Whereas the two energy intensities for the other active LED group (i.e., (LED 3, LED 4)) which together with the active LED group constitutes the maximum correlation coefficient are +.>，/>. The second active LED group (LED 1, LED 3) has two energy intensities +.>，/>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the And for the group of active LEDs to be combined withThe other of the large correlation coefficients effectively activates the two energy intensities of the LED group (i.e., (LED 2, LED 4)) to be，/>. More specifically, due to->One LED transmits only one bit in one slot (the bit is not 0, i.e. 1). In (LED 1, LED 2), bit 0 corresponds to an energy intensity +.>Bit 1 corresponds to another energy intensity +.>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In (LED 3, LED 4), the energy intensity corresponding to bit 0 is +.>Bit 1 corresponds to an energy intensity of +.>. In (LED 1, LED 3), the energy intensity corresponding to bit 0 is +.>Bit 1 corresponds to an energy intensity of +.>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In (LED 2, LED 4), the energy intensity corresponding to bit 0 is +.>Bit 1 corresponds to an energy intensity of +.>. In order to optimize the above variables for maximum channel capacity, we need to keep the total energy unchanged, i.e. +.>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Simplified and available->. By multi-objective optimization of the above parameters, in particular, we first initialize the individual parameters, i.e. to make them equal in value (e.g 1 =e 2 =d 1 =k 1 ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Second, further optimization can be implemented based on the following two points: 1) Amplifying the energy intensity difference in an active LED group (i.e. reducing e 1 Increase e 2 ) 2) amplifying the energy intensity difference in the two active LED groups that can constitute the maximum correlation coefficient (i.e., reducing k 1 Increase d 1 ). Meanwhile, the channel capacity change is observed by means of a traditional average mutual information algorithm; and finally, selecting parameters capable of realizing the maximum channel capacity to form a non-uniform energy Gray-GSM constellation.
To further demonstrate the technical solution and effect of the present embodiment, as shown in Table 3 below, table 3 showsNon-uniform energy Gray-GSM constellation of MIMO-VLC systems; wherein the number of activated LEDs is +.>The order of UPAM is +.>。/>
As shown in fig. 4, the conventional GSM constellation, the signal domain expansion-reassignment GSM constellation, and the channel capacity of the proposed non-uniform energy Gray-GSM constellation are analyzed. As can be seen from the figure, when the signal-to-noise ratio is in the range of-5 to 12 dB, the non-uniform energy Gray-GSM constellation has a larger channel capacity than the other two GSM constellations; this illustrates that the non-uniform energy Gray-GSM constellation can exhibit more excellent performance in MIMO-VLC systems.
Based onThe MIMO-VLC system analyzes bit error rate and frame error rate of (3, 6) PLDPC codes with the code rate of 1/2 on different GSM constellations; wherein the number of activated LEDs is +.>The order of UPAM is +.>. The codeword length of the (3, 6) PLDPC code is 2400, the detector adopts the maximum a posteriori probability algorithm, the decoder adopts the belief propagation (Belief Propagation, BP) algorithm, and the BP iteration number is 100. The simulation result is shown in fig. 5, and compared with the traditional GSM constellation and the signal domain expansion-redistribution GSM constellation, the non-uniform energy Gray-GSM constellation provided by the present application has more remarkable bit error rate/frame error rate performance advantages.
The foregoing is a detailed description of a basic embodiment of a Gray-GSM constellation construction method based on visible light communication provided by the present application, and the following is a detailed description of embodiments of a Gray-GSM constellation construction device, a terminal, a computer readable storage medium, and the like based on visible light communication provided by the present application.
Referring to fig. 6, a third embodiment of the present application provides a Gray-GSM constellation construction device based on visible light communication, including:
a channel response matrix construction unit 201, configured to construct a channel response matrix according to the number of LEDs of the transmitter and the receiver in the VLC system;
a sub-matrix dividing unit 202, configured to divide a plurality of sub-matrices from the channel response matrix according to the number of LEDs and a preset number of LEDs to activate;
a correlation coefficient calculation formula construction unit 203 for constructing a correlation coefficient calculation formula between the sub-matrices;
a correlation coefficient calculating unit 204, configured to calculate, according to a correlation coefficient calculation formula, a correlation coefficient of each set of sub-matrix pairs, where a sub-matrix pair refers to a matrix set that is formed by any two sub-matrices;
an active LED group screening unit 205, configured to screen each group of submatrix pairs according to the correlation coefficient, and determine an active LED group;
the Gray-GSM constellation construction unit 206 is configured to generate index bit groups corresponding to the number according to the active LED groups, and then establish a mapping relationship between the index bit groups and the active LED groups according to a Gray rule to obtain a Gray-GSM constellation.
Further, the correlation coefficient calculation formula is specifically:
；
in the method, in the process of the invention,is a submatrix->And submatrix->Correlation coefficient of>And->，/>Representing a dimension of +.>Is provided.
Further, the method further comprises the following steps:
an LED energy intensity initializing unit for: based on Gray-GSM constellation, UPAM signal order of the active LED groups in Gray-GSM constellation is obtained, and according to UPAM signal order, each active LED group in Gray-GSM constellation is respectively subjected to energy intensity initialization, so that Gray-GSM constellation maximizes the channel capacity of the VLC system under the condition of keeping total energy unchanged.
Further, the energy intensity initializing unit in the LED energy intensity initializing unit respectively performs energy intensity initialization on each group of active LED groups in the Gray-GSM constellation according to the UPAM signal order, specifically including:
selecting any one from the active LED groups as an original first active LED group, and initializing the energy intensity of the first active LED group according to the UPAM signal order;
initializing the energy intensity of a second effective activated LED group according to the energy intensity of the first effective activated LED group and combining a first interval coefficient, wherein the second effective activated LED group refers to the effective activated LED group with the largest correlation with the first effective activated LED group;
determining a new first effective activated LED from the rest effective activated LED groups, initializing the energy intensity of the new first effective activated LED groups based on the energy intensity of the original first effective activated LED groups by combining UPAM signal order and a second interval coefficient, and initializing the energy intensity of the corresponding second effective activated LED groups according to the energy intensity of the first effective activated LED groups until the energy intensities of all the effective activated LED groups are initialized.
In addition, a fourth embodiment of the present application provides a Gray-GSM constellation construction terminal based on visible light communication, where the types of the terminal include, but are not limited to, PC computers, embedded devices, servers, and the like, and the terminal includes: a memory and a processor;
the memory is used for storing program codes, and the program codes correspond to the Gray-GSM constellation construction method based on visible light communication provided by the first embodiment or the second embodiment of the application;
the processor is used for executing the program code, and through execution of the program code, the Gray-GSM constellation construction method based on visible light communication is realized.
A fifth embodiment of the present application provides a computer readable storage medium, in which a program code is stored, and the program code corresponds to the Gray-GSM constellation construction method based on visible light communication provided in the first embodiment or the second embodiment of the present application.
It will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, specific working procedures of the terminal, apparatus and unit described above may refer to corresponding procedures in the foregoing method embodiments, which are not repeated herein.
In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed terminal, apparatus and method may be implemented in other manners. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative, e.g., the division of the units is merely a logical function division, and there may be additional divisions when actually implemented, e.g., multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted or not performed. Alternatively, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed with each other may be an indirect coupling or communication connection via some interfaces, devices or units, which may be in electrical, mechanical or other form.
The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and the like in the description of the present application and in the above-described figures, if any, are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate such that embodiments of the present application described herein may be implemented, for example, in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The units described as separate units may or may not be physically separate, and units shown as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
In addition, each functional unit in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated in one unit. The integrated units may be implemented in hardware or in software functional units.
The integrated units, if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as stand-alone products, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied essentially or in part or all of the technical solution or in part in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium, including instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a random access Memory (RAM, random Access Memory), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, or other various media capable of storing program codes.
The above embodiments are merely for illustrating the technical solution of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions.

Claims (10)

1. The Gray-GSM constellation construction method based on visible light communication is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
constructing a channel response matrix according to the number of LEDs of a transmitter and a receiver in the VLC system;
dividing a plurality of submatrices from the channel response matrix according to the number of LEDs and the preset number of LEDs to be activated;
constructing a correlation coefficient calculation formula among the submatrices;
calculating the correlation coefficient of each group of sub-matrix pairs according to the correlation coefficient calculation formula, wherein the sub-matrix pairs refer to matrix groups formed by any two sub-matrices;
screening the subarray pairs of each group according to the correlation coefficient to determine an effective activated LED group;
generating index bit groups corresponding to the number according to the effective activated LED groups, and establishing a mapping relation between the index bit groups and the effective activated LED groups according to Gray rules to obtain Gray-GSM constellations.
2. The method for constructing a Gray-GSM constellation based on visible light communication according to claim 1, wherein the correlation coefficient calculation formula is specifically:
；
in the method, in the process of the invention,is a submatrix->And submatrix->Correlation coefficient of>And->，/>Representing a dimension of +.>Is a UPAM modulation symbol vector, ">Activating the number of LEDs; />To the number of possible active LED groups.
3. The method for constructing a Gray-GSM constellation based on visible light communication according to claim 1, further comprising:
acquiring UPAM signal orders of an effective activated LED group in the Gray-GSM constellation based on the Gray-GSM constellation;
and respectively initializing the energy intensity of each group of active LED groups in the Gray-GSM constellation according to the UPAM signal order, so that the Gray-GSM constellation maximizes the channel capacity of the VLC system under the condition of keeping the total energy unchanged.
4. A method for constructing a Gray-GSM constellation based on visible light communication according to claim 3, wherein said initializing the energy intensity of each group of active LEDs in said Gray-GSM constellation according to the UPAM signal order comprises:
selecting any one from the active LED groups as an original first active LED group, and initializing the energy intensity of the first active LED group according to the UPAM signal order;
initializing the energy intensity of a second effective activated LED group according to the energy intensity of the first effective activated LED group and a first interval coefficient, wherein the second effective activated LED group refers to the effective activated LED group with the largest correlation with the first effective activated LED group;
determining a new first effective activated LED group from the rest effective activated LED groups, initializing the energy intensity of the new first effective activated LED group based on the energy intensity of the original first effective activated LED group by combining the UPAM signal order and the second interval coefficient, and initializing the energy intensity of the corresponding second effective activated LED group according to the energy intensity of the new first effective activated LED group until the energy intensity of all the effective activated LED groups are initialized.
5. A visible light communication-based Gray-GSM constellation construction device, comprising:
the channel response matrix construction unit is used for constructing a channel response matrix according to the number of LEDs of a transmitter and a receiver in the VLC system;
the sub-matrix dividing unit is used for dividing a plurality of sub-matrices from the channel response matrix according to the number of LEDs and the preset number of LEDs to activate;
a correlation coefficient calculation formula construction unit for constructing a correlation coefficient calculation formula between the sub-matrices;
a correlation coefficient calculation unit, configured to calculate, according to the correlation coefficient calculation formula, a correlation coefficient of each set of sub-matrix pairs, where the sub-matrix pairs refer to a matrix set that is formed by any two sub-matrices;
an effective activated LED group screening unit, configured to screen the sub-matrix pairs of each group according to the correlation coefficient, and determine an effective activated LED group;
and the Gray-GSM constellation construction unit is used for generating index bit groups corresponding to the number according to the effective activated LED groups, and establishing a mapping relation between the index bit groups and the effective activated LED groups according to Gray rules to obtain Gray-GSM constellations.
6. The Gray-GSM constellation construction device based on visible light communication according to claim 5, wherein the correlation coefficient calculation formula is specifically:
；
in the method, in the process of the invention,is a submatrix->And submatrix->Correlation coefficient of>And->，/>Representing a dimension of +.>Is a UPAM modulation symbol vector, ">Activating the number of LEDs; />To the number of possible active LED groups.
7. The Gray-GSM constellation building device based on visible light communication of claim 5, further comprising:
an LED energy intensity initializing unit for: and acquiring UPAM signal orders of the active LED groups in the Gray-GSM constellation based on the Gray-GSM constellation, and respectively initializing the energy intensity of each active LED group in the Gray-GSM constellation according to the UPAM signal orders so that the Gray-GSM constellation maximizes the channel capacity of the VLC system under the condition of keeping the total energy unchanged.
8. The device for constructing a Gray-GSM constellation based on visible light communication according to claim 7, wherein the energy intensity initializing unit for each group of active LEDs in the Gray-GSM constellation according to the UPAM signal order comprises:
selecting any one from the active LED groups as an original first active LED group, and initializing the energy intensity of the first active LED group according to the UPAM signal order;
initializing the energy intensity of a second effective activated LED group according to the energy intensity of the first effective activated LED group and a first interval coefficient, wherein the second effective activated LED group refers to the effective activated LED group with the largest correlation with the first effective activated LED group;
determining a new first effective activated LED group from the rest effective activated LED groups, initializing the energy intensity of the new first effective activated LED group based on the energy intensity of the original first effective activated LED group by combining the UPAM signal order and the second interval coefficient, and initializing the energy intensity of the corresponding second effective activated LED group according to the energy intensity of the new first effective activated LED group until the energy intensity of all the effective activated LED groups are initialized.
9. The Gray-GSM constellation construction terminal based on visible light communication is characterized by comprising a memory and a processor;
the memory is configured to store program code which, when executed by the processor, implements the Gray-GSM constellation construction method based on visible light communication of any one of claims 1 to 4.
10. A computer readable storage medium, wherein the computer readable storage medium stores a program code, and the program code, when executed by a processor, implements the Gray-GSM constellation construction method based on visible light communication according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
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