CN1160944A

CN1160944A - AC and DC two-purpose electric motor

Info

Publication number: CN1160944A
Application number: CN 97100364
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张宁宁
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1997-01-31
Filing date: 1997-01-31
Publication date: 1997-10-01

Abstract

The said electric motor is designed based on the principle that the conductor for DC current to flow through the perpendicular to magnetic force lines in steady magnetic field is acted by electromagnetic moment with constant direction, and the conductor for AC current to flow through and perpendicular to magnetic force lines in an alternative magnetic field synchronous with the AC current is also acted by an electromagnetic moment with contant direction. Owing to the universal use in both AC and DC. the said electric motor has optimized property and improved application capacity in different field.

Description

The AC and DC general purpose motor

The present invention relates to a kind of AC and DC general purpose motor with commutator.

In the present prior art, alternating current motor mainly comprises synchronous motor and asynchronous motor, and DC motor is mainly the DC motor that has mechanical commutation device.DC motor is widely used in some important electric drive systems owing to having starting preferably and speed adjusting performance, yet but there is a defective in the application of DC motor, and that is exactly that the work that is necessary for it provides DC power supply.

The invention provides and a kind ofly can work in exchange status by ac power supply, can work in the AC and DC general purpose motor of dc state again by DC power supply, and when it uses as alternating current motor, also have starting and speed adjusting performance preferably.

AC and DC general purpose motor of the present invention is made up of stator and rotor two large divisions.Its stationary part mainly comprises main pole, commutating pole, brush and brush carrier, end cap etc.; Rotor portion mainly comprises armature core, armature winding, commutator and rotating shaft etc.The excitation mode of motor comprises series excitation, shunt excitation and compound excitation, is the self-excitation mode.When motor adopts the shunt excitation mode, require its shunt winding branch road identical with the complex impedance of armature winding branch road, or claim to make the impedance angle of these two branch impedances to equate, so that the first synchronised of the electric current that these two parallel branches are circulated under same alternating voltage effect; When motor adopts the compound excitation connecting mode, comprise cumulative compound excitation and differential compound, require its shunt winding branch road identical equally, the first synchronised of the electric current of circulate among when guaranteeing that two branch road two ends add same alternating voltage with the complex impedance of the branch road at armature winding place.

The operation principle of motor is such: when motor is powered by single phase alternating current power supply, the first consistent alternating current of circulation in the excitation winding of motor and the armature winding, thereby the electric current that circulates in main pole polarity and the armature winding is changed synchronously, according to left hand rule, this armature component limit always can be subjected to the size pulsation and the effect of the constant electromagnetic torque of direction in a certain magnetic pole following time; When this component outline forwards another magnetic pole following time to, the commutation effect of the commutator by being contained in rotor tip, it just changed once with connecting also of two input terminals of power supply, the synchronous conversion of polarity of the sense of current that component outline is wherein circulated under this magnetic pole and this magnetic pole, judge according to left hand rule, the direction of the electromagnetic torque that component outline is suffered still with preceding is consistent, and like this, the rotor of motor just can continue rotation under the effect of electromagnetic torque.When motor changed by DC power supply, its course of work and tenet of dynamic state and existing DC motor were in full accord.

For improving the commutation ability of motor, be equiped with commutating pole at motor internal, the content of commutating pole is a prior art.

AC and DC general purpose motor of the present invention, when using as DC motor, its starting and speed regulating method and existing DC motor are in full accord; When using as alternating current motor, its starting and speed governing approach mainly contain following several:

1. reduce line-voltage start and speed governing;

2. reduce the current strength starting and the speed governing of armature circuit;

3. change the phase place speed governing of the electric current that circulates in the armature branch road, perhaps change the current's intensity and the phase place speed governing of circulating in the shunt winding branch road; When these class methods are worked as alternating current motor at shunt excitation and compound motor.

Owing to motor of the present invention not only can be worked but also can be by DC power supply work by ac power supply, therefore widened the application power of motor under different conditions of power supply, can as the case may be motor have been used as DC motor or alternating current motor.

Now the invention will be further described with specific embodiment in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Accompanying drawing 1 is the fundamental diagram of AC and DC general purpose motor;

Accompanying drawing 2 is radial section schematic diagrames of AC and DC general purpose motor;

Accompanying drawing 3 is rotor core punchings of motor shown in Figure 2;

Accompanying drawing 4 is structural representations of the commutator of AC and DC general purpose motor;

Accompanying drawing 5 is structural representations of a small-sized AC and DC general purpose motor;

Accompanying drawing 6 is excitation mode figure of AC and DC general purpose motor;

Accompanying drawing 1 is depicted as the physical model of AC and DC general purpose motor.What adopt among the figure is the series excitation connecting mode, U _SBeing power supply, both can be AC power, also can be DC power supply; What indicated among the figure is reference direction.Work as U _SDuring for AC power, alternating current circulates in the circuit; As can be seen from the figure, electric current that circulates in the armature component limit and main pole polarity change synchronously, armature component whenever rotates a circle, commutator segment is finished twice commutation, can judge according to left hand rule, no matter how the electric current that circulates in the component outline changes, and component outline is under any one magnetic pole, the direction of the electromagnetic torque that it is suffered all is a self-consistentency, the electromagnetic torque that motor also just can obtain to continue and rotating.When system changed by DC power supply, its operation principle and conventional DC motor were identical.

Accompanying drawing 2 has been drawn the radial section figure of AC and DC general purpose motor, and the flow direction that indicates among the figure is a reference direction.Fig. 2-the 1st, armature core, Fig. 2-the 2nd, main pole iron core, Fig. 2-the 3rd, pole shoe, Fig. 2-the 4th, yoke, Fig. 2-the 5th, commutating pole.

The rotor core of motor is by the folded system of thin silicon steel sheet jet-bedding, and the main pole iron core is by the folded system of sheet metal.Accompanying drawing 3 is the rotor core punching of motor.

Accompanying drawing 4 is the structural representation of commutator, Fig. 4-the 1st, V-arrangement sleeve, Fig. 4-the 2nd, mica sheet, Fig. 4-the 3rd, commutator segment, Fig. 4-the 4th, brace.

Accompanying drawing 5 is structure charts of one embodiment of the present of invention.Now number in the figure is described as follows: Fig. 5-1 bearing, 5-2 axle, 5-3 brush holder, the 5-4 front end housing, 5-5 brush, 5-6 commutator, 5-7 armature winding, 5-8 commutating-pole winding, 5-9 support, 5-10 commutator iron core, 5-11 main pole iron core, 5-12 main pole winding, 5-13 armature core, the 5-14 rear end cap, the 5-15 fan.

Accompanying drawing 6 is excitation mode figure of AC and DC general purpose motor of the present invention.Fig. 6-1 is the series excitation mode, Fig. 6-2 shunt excitation mode, Fig. 6-3 cumulative compound excitation mode, Fig. 6-4 differential compound mode.For shunt excitation and compound motor, require the shunt winding branch road to have identical complex impedance with the branch road at armature winding place.

Claims

1, a kind of AC and DC general purpose motor with commutator is made of stator and rotor two large divisions, and according to the electromagnetic induction principle design, it is characterized in that: stationary part mainly comprises main pole, commutating pole, brush and brush carrier, end cap etc.; Rotor portion mainly comprises armature core, armature winding, commutator and rotating shaft etc.; The operating current of armature winding is by the sliding contact input of the commutator and the brush of rotor tip; The excitation mode of motor comprises series excitation, shunt excitation and compound excitation for self-excitation; For shunt excitation and two kinds of excitation modes of compound excitation of motor, the shunt winding branch road of motor is identical with the complex impedance of armature winding branch road, and impedance angle equates.

2, motor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: motor promptly can be used as alternating current motor, also can be used as DC motor; When motor is used as alternating current motor, power by single phase alternating current power supply; When motor is used as DC motor, by DC power supply.

3, motor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: motor can start and speed governing by following approach; Reducing supply voltage starts and speed governing; The current strength that reduces to circulate in the armature circuit is started and speed governing; During as alternating current motor, can also change the phase place speed governing of circulating current in the armature circuit branch road for shunt excitation and compound wound machine, the intensity and the phase place that perhaps change circulating current in the shunt winding branch road are carried out speed governing.