CN116090566B - Quantum control device, quantum control system and quantum computer - Google Patents
Quantum control device, quantum control system and quantum computer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application belongs to the field of quantum computation, and relates to a quantum control device, a quantum control system and a quantum computer, wherein the device comprises at least one quantum state regulation and control module, at least one frequency regulation and control module, at least one measurement module, a routing module and a backboard, and the quantum state regulation and control module, the frequency regulation and control module, the measurement module and the routing module are arranged in a slot on the backboard; the quantum state regulation and control module, the frequency regulation and control module and the measurement module are all in communication connection with the routing module, and external data interaction is performed through the routing module. The volume and the cost of the quantum control system special for constructing the quantum chip by using the control device are greatly reduced, the integration and the expansion of the quantum control system are easy to realize, the quantity of the controlled quantum bits can be flexibly configured, and the measurement and control requirements of the high-quantum bit quantum chip can be met.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of quantum computing, in particular to an integrated modularized quantum control device, a quantum control system and a quantum computer.
Background
The quantum computer is a kind of physical device which performs high-speed mathematical and logical operation, stores and processes quantum information according to the law of quantum mechanics. The quantum chip is the core of a quantum computer, a plurality of quantum bits are integrated on the quantum chip, a quantum control system is required to be built in order to ensure the normal work of the quantum bits, and various control signals, such as a frequency control signal and a quantum state control signal, are provided for each quantum bit through various devices in the quantum control system; in addition, for the result of the quantum computation of the running quantum bit, a read measurement is also required. It is conceivable that the number of bits of the quantum bits on the quantum chip is increased to hundreds of bits, even tens of millions, and when more and more complex quantum computing tasks are run, the number of signals required in the quantum measurement system is correspondingly increased, the routing is more complex, and the system is more bulky. The integration and expansion of quantum control systems is thus an urgent need to be addressed.
It should be noted that the information disclosed in the background section of the present application is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the present application and should not be taken as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a quantum control device, a quantum control system and a quantum computer, which are used for solving the defects in the prior art.
To achieve the above object, an embodiment of a first aspect of the present application provides a quantum control device, including:
the device comprises at least one quantum state regulation and control module, at least one frequency regulation and control module, at least one measurement module, a routing module and a backboard;
The quantum state regulation and control module, the frequency regulation and control module, the measurement module and the routing module are arranged in corresponding slots on the backboard;
The quantum state regulation and control module, the frequency regulation and control module and the measurement module are all in communication connection with the routing module, and external data interaction is performed through the routing module, so that the quantum state regulation and control module outputs an initial quantum state regulation and control signal, the frequency regulation and control module outputs an initial frequency regulation and control signal and the measurement module outputs an initial measurement signal.
Optionally, the number of the qubits that can be regulated by the quantum state regulation module and the frequency regulation module is greater than or equal to the number of the qubits that can be read and measured by the measurement module.
Optionally, the quantum state regulation and control module, the frequency regulation and control module and the measurement module are all provided with multiple output channels.
Optionally, the quantum state regulation module includes a first DAC (Digital-to-Analog converter) unit or a first AWG (Arbitrary Waveform Generator ) unit, the frequency regulation module includes a second DAC unit or a second AWG unit, the measurement module includes an ADC/DAC (Analog-to-Digital converter/Digital-to-Analog converter) unit or a combination including a third DAC unit or a third AWG unit and a DAQ (Data Acquisition) unit, and the routing module includes a field programmable logic gate array.
Optionally, each quantum state regulation module, each frequency regulation module and each measurement module are distributed in a slot on the back plate with the routing module as a center.
Optionally, the lengths of the trigger signal transmission lines from each quantum state regulation module, each frequency regulation module, each measurement module to the routing module are respectively equal.
Optionally, the routing module is disposed at a central position of the back plate, and each measurement module is disposed adjacent to the routing module.
Optionally, the device further includes a control module, where the control module is disposed in the slot of the back plate, and the control module is configured to obtain signal delay data of each of the quantum state regulation module, each of the frequency regulation module, and each of the measurement modules, and output the signal delay data to the outside through the routing module.
Optionally, the device further comprises a heat dissipation assembly, the heat dissipation assembly is connected with the control module, and the control module sends a temperature control instruction to the heat dissipation assembly according to temperature information in the device so as to control the heat dissipation assembly to work in different states.
Optionally, the quantum state regulation module, the frequency regulation module, the measurement module, the routing module and the backboard are all provided with clock synchronization circuits, and all the clock synchronization circuits adopt the same clock synchronization reference for performing clock synchronization control on the quantum state regulation module, the frequency regulation module, the measurement module and the routing module.
Optionally, the device further includes a chassis, and the back plate, the quantum state regulation module, the frequency regulation module, the measurement module and the routing module are all disposed in the chassis.
Optionally, the device further comprises a power supply, wherein the power supply is arranged in the case.
A second aspect of the present application provides a quantum control system comprising at least one quantum control device as claimed in any one of the preceding claims.
Optionally, the system further includes an auxiliary peripheral device, where the auxiliary peripheral device includes a plurality of local oscillator microwave sources, a Radio Frequency (RF) transmitting component, a Radio Frequency (RF) receiving and transmitting component, and a high precision voltage source, where the local oscillator microwave sources and the RF transmitting component cooperate with the control device to generate quantum state regulation signals for quantum state information regulation of the quantum bits, the high precision voltage source cooperates with the control device to generate Frequency regulation signals for Frequency regulation of the quantum bits, and the local oscillator microwave sources and the RF receiving and transmitting component cooperate with the control device to generate measurement signals for state reading of the quantum bits and receive reading return signals returned by the quantum chips.
Optionally, the system further comprises a number of microwave sources which cooperate with the high precision voltage source to generate pumping signals for driving the josephson parametric amplifier.
Optionally, the system further comprises at least one central control device, which is communicatively connected to the routing module of the control device.
Optionally, the system further comprises a server, and the central control device, the auxiliary peripheral device, the routing module of the control device and the control module are all in communication connection with the server.
An embodiment of a third aspect of the application proposes a quantum computer comprising a quantum control system as described above.
Based on any one of the above aspects, the quantum control device provided by the application comprises at least one quantum state regulation module, at least one frequency regulation module, at least one measurement module and a routing module, wherein the quantum state regulation module, the frequency regulation module and the measurement module comprise all functional units for regulating and measuring quantum bits in a quantum chip, the whole control device adopts a modularized structural design, and each quantum state regulation module, each frequency regulation module, each measurement module and each routing module are arranged in corresponding slots on a backboard, so that the integration level is high; the quantum state regulation and control module, the frequency regulation and control module and the measurement module are all in communication connection with the routing module, and external data interaction is performed through the routing module, so that wiring in the device is simple and clear, and expansion is easy to realize; the quantum control system special for constructing the quantum chip by using the control device has high integration and expandability, the volume and the cost of the system are greatly reduced, the quantity of the controlled quantum bits can be flexibly configured, and the measurement and control requirements of the high-quantum bit quantum chip can be met.
These and other aspects of the application will be more readily apparent from the following description of the embodiments.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the application or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are required in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without the inventive effort to a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a quantum control device according to an embodiment of the present application;
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another quantum control device according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a control device including a control module and a heat dissipation assembly according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a control device including a clock synchronization circuit according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a control device including a chassis and a power supply according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a quantum control system according to an embodiment of the present application;
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of another quantum control system according to an embodiment of the present application.
In the figure:
10-control device, 20-local oscillator microwave source, 30-RF transmitting assembly, 40-high precision voltage source, 50-RF receiving and transmitting assembly, 60-central control device, 70-network switch, 80-cabinet, 90-server and 1-quantum control system; 120-backboard, 130-routing module, 140-quantum state regulation module, 150-frequency regulation module, 160-measurement module, 1401-first DAC unit, 1501-second AWG unit, 1601-ADC/DAC unit, 170-control module, 180-heat dissipation assembly, 190-power supply and 110-case.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it should be understood that the drawings in the present application are for the purpose of illustration and description only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
In general, a plurality of qubits (also called qubits) and a data transmission line are arranged on a quantum chip, and each qubit comprises a detector and a qubit device which are connected in a coupling way, wherein the qubit device can be an artificial superconducting qubit formed by utilizing a superconducting josephson junction and a capacitance to ground, and the detector can be a resonant cavity. The quantum bit device is provided with a first control signal line and a second control signal line, and a detector coupled with the quantum bit device is provided with a third control signal line, wherein the first control signal line is used for transmitting a quantum state regulating signal for regulating quantum state information of the quantum bit device, the second control signal line is used for transmitting a frequency regulating signal for regulating frequency parameters of the quantum bit device, and the third control signal line is used for transmitting a measuring signal for measuring the detector and outputting a read return signal returned by the detector so as to realize indirect reading measurement of the state of the quantum bit device. Therefore, a quantum control system for quantum bit regulation and measurement in a quantum chip needs to generate and output three control signals to be provided to the first to third control signal lines, respectively, to realize regulation and measurement of the quantum bit in the quantum chip.
As shown in fig. 1, one embodiment of the present application provides a quantum control device, the control device 10 includes a back plate 120, a routing module 130, and at least one quantum state regulation module 140, at least one frequency regulation module 150, at least one measurement module 160, wherein the quantum state regulation module 140, the frequency regulation module 150, the measurement module 160, and the routing module 130 are disposed in slots on the back plate 120. The quantum state regulation module 140, the frequency regulation module 150 and the measurement module 160 are all in communication connection with the routing module 130, and external data interaction is performed through the routing module 130, so that the quantum state regulation module 140 and the frequency regulation module 150 respectively output an initial quantum state regulation signal and an initial frequency regulation signal, and control the measurement module 160 to output an initial measurement signal.
The quantum state regulation module 140, the frequency regulation module 150 and the measurement module 160 in the quantum control device provided by the embodiment of the application are all functional units for regulating and measuring the quantum bit in the quantum chip, and all functional signals for regulating and measuring the quantum bit in the quantum chip can be provided by the embodiment of the application; the whole control device adopts a modularized structural design, and each quantum state regulation and control module 140, each frequency regulation and control module 150, each measurement module 160 and each routing module 130 are all arranged in corresponding slots on one backboard 120, so that the integration level is high; each of the quantum state regulation and control module 140, the frequency regulation and control module 150 and the measurement module 160 are in communication connection with the routing module 130, and external data interaction is performed through the routing module 130, so that wiring among the modules is simple and clear, and easy to expand.
It should be noted that, although the control device of the embodiment of the present application includes all the functional units for performing qubit regulation and measurement on the quantum chip, the control device 10 is designed as a control core unit of a quantum control system for performing control operations on the quantum chip in terms of hardware architecture based on factors such as low cost, easy integration and expansion, easy maintenance, and high reliability of output signals, but is not completely equivalent to a complete quantum control system. Therefore, the control device of the embodiment of the application needs to be matched with related auxiliary peripheral equipment to form a complete quantum control system to complete the quantum bit regulation and measurement operation on the quantum chip.
Specifically, after the routing module 130 receives the quantum computing task sent by the external server, it sends a qubit regulation command and data to the quantum state regulation module 140 and the frequency regulation module 150 that need to participate in executing the quantum computing task, and sends a qubit reading command and data to the measurement module 160, so that the quantum state regulation module 140 generates and outputs an initial quantum state regulation signal containing a quantum state regulation parameter, the frequency regulation module 150 generates and outputs an initial frequency regulation signal containing a quantum bit frequency regulation parameter, and the measurement module 160 generates and outputs an initial measurement signal containing a quantum bit state reading parameter.
The initial quantum state regulation and control signal is sent to auxiliary peripheral equipment matched with the control device to be processed into a quantum state regulation and control signal, and the quantum state regulation and control signal is provided for a quantum chip through the first control signal line so as to realize quantum state information regulation and control of a quantum bit device; the initial frequency regulation signal is sent to auxiliary peripheral equipment matched with the control device to be processed into a frequency regulation signal, and the frequency regulation signal is provided for the quantum chip through the second control signal line so as to realize the frequency parameter regulation of the quantum bit device; the initial measurement signal is sent to auxiliary peripheral equipment matched with the control device to be processed into a measurement signal and provided to the quantum chip through the third control signal line so as to read and measure the state of the quantum bit device; meanwhile, the measurement module 160 is further configured to collect a read back signal of the qubit device output by the third control signal line, and send the read back signal to the routing module 130 for processing and then output to an external server.
In addition, the frequency regulation module 150 may also be used for regulating and controlling the tunable coupling qubits in the quantum chip, so the number of qubits that can be regulated and controlled by the quantum state regulation module 140 and the frequency regulation module 150 is greater than or equal to the number of qubits that can be read and measured by the measurement module 160.
It should be noted that, in the control device shown in fig. 1, the number of each module is one, and in practical application, the number of each module in the control device may be set to be greater according to needs, which is not limited herein, and fig. 1 is only a schematic diagram for facilitating a person skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present application, and is not to be construed as any limitation of the present application. In practical application, the number of the quantum state adjusting module 140, the frequency adjusting module 150, and the measuring module 160 needs to be set according to the number of the signal output channels of each module in combination with the number of the quantum bits of the quantum chip to be adjusted and measured, and if necessary, the situation that tunable coupling quantum bits exist in the quantum chip needs to be considered.
In practical application, the third control signal lines may be in one-to-one correspondence with the detectors, but in order to simplify the data transmission line structure of the quantum chip, one third control signal line may be used to correspond to a plurality of detectors when the quantum chip structure is designed. For example, one third control signal line corresponds to five detectors, so that the state reading measurement of five qubit devices can be realized by using one third control signal line. In this case, one of the measurement modules 160 may be used to read and measure states of five qubits in the quantum chip, and one signal output channel of the measurement module 160 outputs one initial measurement signal, and the technology of synthesizing and decomposing the initial measurement signal is not protected by the present application and is not described in detail herein.
In order to further increase the number of quantum bits in the quantum chip that can be controlled by the control device, in an embodiment of the present application, the signal output channels of each of the quantum state control module 140, the frequency control module 150 and the measurement module 160 are respectively configured to be multiple channels, that is, the signal output channels of each of the quantum state control module 140, the frequency control module 150 and the measurement module 160 are respectively configured to be 2 channels or more than 2 channels, and at this time, the number of signal channels that can be output by the quantum state control module 140, the frequency control module 150 and the measurement module 160 can maximally reach the number of signal output channels of each module. For example, when the signal output channels of the single quantum state adjusting module 140, the frequency adjusting module 150 and the measuring module 160 are 5 paths, the number of quantum bits in the quantum chip that can be adjusted by the control device at this time is 5 times that when the signal output channels of the single quantum state adjusting module 140, the frequency adjusting module 150 and the measuring module 160 are 1 path. At the moment, the integration level and the expandability of the control device are also effectively improved.
As shown in fig. 2, as a specific implementation of the embodiment of the present application, the quantum state regulation module 140 includes a first DAC unit 1401 or a first AWG unit, the frequency regulation module 150 includes a second DAC unit or a second AWG unit 1501, and the measurement module 160 includes an ADC/DAC unit 1601 or includes a third DAC unit or a combination of a third AWG unit and a DAQ unit; wherein the first DAC unit 1401 or the first AWG unit is configured to generate the initial quantum state regulation signal; the second DAC unit or the second AWG unit 1501 is configured to generate the initial frequency adjustment signal; the ADC/DAC unit 1601 or a third DAC unit or a third AWG unit is configured to generate the initial measurement signal and receive a read back signal. It should be noted that, in fig. 2, only the quantum state adjusting module 140 includes the first DAC unit 1401, the frequency adjusting module 150 includes the second AWG unit 1501, the measuring module 160 includes the ADC/DAC unit 1601, and in practical application, the signal generating units of the quantum state adjusting module 140, the frequency adjusting module 150 and the measuring module 160 in the control device may be implemented by selecting different functional units according to needs, which is not limited herein, and fig. 2 is only a schematic diagram for facilitating a person skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present application, and is not to be considered as any limitation of the present application.
In the quantum control system, a first control signal line for modulating quantum state information of a quantum bit needs to receive a microwave pulse signal containing quantum state modulating information, and the microwave pulse signal is generated based on the initial quantum state modulating signal output from the DAC unit 1401. The second control signal line for frequency parameter regulation of the qubit needs to receive a microwave pulse signal generated based on the initial frequency regulation signal output from the second AWG unit 1501. The third control signal line for reading the state of the qubit needs to receive a read pulse signal generated based on the initial measurement signal output from the ADC/DAC unit 1601. Thus, the quantum state regulation module 140, the frequency regulation module 150, and the measurement module 160 include all functional units for regulating and measuring the qubits in the quantum chip.
The routing module 130, as a device for external data interaction between the quantum state regulation module 140, the frequency regulation module 150 and the measurement module 160, needs to have data forwarding and processing functions, and has high timeliness of data transmission. Generally, an FPGA (Field Programmable GATE ARRAY), MCU (Microcontroller Unit)), MPU (Microprocessor Unit), DSP (DIGITAL SIGNAL Processor) or the like can be selected. As a specific implementation of the embodiment of the present application, the routing module 130 includes a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), and uses the FPGA as a central processing unit, so as to ensure that the routing module 130 has a higher functional integration level and a higher data processing speed. In addition, the high-speed interface circuit can be used together to efficiently and reliably interact with the data among the quantum state regulation module 140, the frequency regulation module 150 and the measurement module 160.
For quantum computing tasks to be executed in a quantum computer, with the promotion of the variety and complexity of the quantum computing tasks, the number of quantum bits to be participated in is also increased, that is, the output channels of a quantum control system are also increased. For complex quantum computing tasks to be executed, a plurality of initial quantum state regulation signals and initial frequency regulation signals are needed, namely, a plurality of quantum state regulation modules 140 and frequency regulation modules 150 are needed to act together, and signals output by all the modules acting together need to be synchronously triggered to accurately complete the quantum computing tasks.
In one embodiment of the present application, the quantum state regulation module 140, the frequency regulation module 150, and the measurement module 160 are all communicatively connected to the routing module 130 via communication lines on the backplane 120. In order to facilitate signal synchronization triggering, in one embodiment of the present application, the lengths of the trigger signal transmission lines from each of the quantum state regulation modules 140, each of the frequency regulation modules 150, each of the measurement modules 160 to the routing module 130 are respectively equal, that is, the trigger signal transmission lines from each of the modules belonging to the same functional type to the routing module 130 are equal, such as the trigger signal transmission lines from each of the quantum state regulation modules 140 to the routing module 130 are equal. Because each of the quantum state regulation module 140, the frequency regulation module 150, and the measurement module 160 is connected to the routing module 130, and the routing module 130 is used as a data transceiver station to perform data interaction, the length of the trigger signal transmission line from each functional type module to the routing module 130 is equal, so that the trigger signals sent by the routing module 130 to the plurality of quantum state regulation modules 140, 150, and 160 at the same time can be effectively ensured to be synchronous, so that the relevant operation signals of the quantum state regulation module 140, the frequency regulation module 150, and the measurement module 160 for quantum state regulation, frequency regulation, and quantum bit state reading of the plurality of quantum bits can be synchronously triggered, and the accuracy of the execution result of the quantum computing task is improved.
Further, in one embodiment of the present application, each of the quantum state adjusting and controlling modules 140, each of the frequency adjusting and controlling modules 150, and each of the measuring modules 160 are disposed in each of the slots on the back plate 120 in a distributed manner centering on the routing module 130. By such a position layout, the length of the trigger signal transmission line from each of the quantum state adjusting and controlling module 140, each of the frequency adjusting and controlling module 150, and each of the measuring modules 160 to the routing module 130 can be ensured to be shortest, so that the signal timeliness can be effectively improved. In addition, the length of the total communication line in the control device is minimized by the position layout design, so that the hardware cost can be effectively saved.
Still further, in one embodiment of the present application, the routing module 130 is disposed at a central position of the back plate 120, which may further facilitate minimizing the length of the trigger signal transmission line from each of the quantum state adjusting modules 140, each of the frequency adjusting modules 150, and each of the measuring modules 160 to the routing module 130. In addition, when the quantum bit performs a quantum computing task, the quantum bit has strict time sequence requirements on a quantum state regulation signal and a measurement signal applied to the quantum chip, and because the coherence time of the quantum bit is short, the quantum bit is sensitive to timeliness of the quantum state regulation signal, the measurement signal and an acquisition signal, so that the timeliness requirements on the initial quantum state regulation signal output by the quantum state regulation module 140 and the initial measurement signal output by the measurement module 160 are high, and the measurement module 160 is not calibrated in the use process. In order to ensure that the signals output by the quantum state regulation module 140 and the measurement module 160 have long-term stable high timeliness, as a specific implementation of the embodiment of the present application, each measurement module 160 is disposed next to the routing module 130, each quantum state regulation module 140 is disposed around two sides of the routing module 130 and/or the measurement module 160, and each frequency regulation module 150 is disposed around two sides of the quantum state regulation module 140, so that a communication line between the routing module 130 and each quantum state regulation module 140 and between the measurement module 160 is shortest, and meanwhile, it is ensured that each quantum state regulation module 140, each measurement module 160 and the routing module 130 are in the same temperature region, and a line delay during data interaction between the two is short and a signal is less affected by an environmental temperature.
Through the various designs of the hardware structures of the devices in the control device, the synchronous triggering of signals for controlling, measuring and reading a plurality of quantum bits output by each module can be realized through the hardware design in an ideal state. However, in the practical application process, due to various uncontrollable effects such as temperature change of the working environment of the device, plugging and unplugging of the connector, errors still occur in delay of signals, so that synchronous triggering of signals for controlling, measuring and reading operations of a plurality of qubits, which are simultaneously output by the control device, is difficult to ensure, and therefore, calibration of synchronous triggering (calibration of line delay can be understood) needs to be performed before each task starts. In order to implement calibration of signal synchronization triggering, as shown in fig. 3, the apparatus further includes a control module 170, where the control module 170 is disposed in a slot of the back plate 120, and the control module 170 is configured to obtain, through the back plate 120, signal delay data of each of the quantum state regulation module 140, each of the frequency regulation module 150, and each of the measurement modules 160, and output the signal delay data. And the central control device arranged outside the control device performs unified summarizing processing. For example, the central control device may determine, according to the delay data conditions, the delay condition of the trigger signal obtained by each module, so as to coordinate signal delays of different modules, so that the trigger signals obtained by all modules are equally delayed.
In addition, a module clock synchronization manner may be used to ensure triggering synchronization, as shown in fig. 4, where the quantum state regulation module 140, the frequency regulation module 150, the measurement module 160, the routing module 130, and the back plate 120 are all provided with clock synchronization circuits, and all the clock synchronization circuits use the same clock synchronization reference. The clock synchronization circuit on the back plate 120 is used as a clock synchronization master control, and each clock synchronization circuit on the quantum state regulation module 140, the frequency regulation module 150, the measurement module 160 and the routing module 130 is used as a clock synchronization slave, and each clock synchronization slave is managed by the clock synchronization master control to perform clock synchronization control on the quantum state regulation module 140, the frequency regulation module 150, the measurement module 160 and the routing module 130, so that the clock synchronization control on each module in the control device can effectively ensure that the timing sequence of signal output is synchronous.
Further, as shown in fig. 3, in an embodiment of the present application, in order to ensure that each device in the control apparatus can stably and reliably operate, the control apparatus may further include a heat dissipation assembly 180, where the heat dissipation assembly 180 is connected to the control module 170, and the control module 170 receives temperature information from multiple places in the control apparatus, and sends a temperature control instruction to the heat dissipation assembly 180 according to the temperature information, so as to control the heat dissipation assembly 180 to operate in different states, so as to provide a better operating environment temperature for the internal device in the control apparatus, and meanwhile, effectively avoid the influence of signal delay caused by temperature change of the device operating environment.
Further, as shown in fig. 5, in an embodiment of the present application, the apparatus further includes a chassis 110, and the back plate 120, the quantum state regulation module 140, the frequency regulation module 150, the measurement module 160, and the routing module 130 are integrally disposed in the chassis 110. The whole control device is assembled in one case 110, so that the whole machine occupies small space and is convenient to expand. Specifically, the chassis 110 may be a VPX chassis 110, a CPCI chassis 110, or a PXIE chassis 110, which can meet the requirements of the quantum control function in the embodiment of the present application in terms of functional module integration. In addition, in order to further improve the integration level of the control device, each of the quantum state control module 140, the frequency control module 150, the measurement module 160, and the routing module 130 may be integrated on one board, and each board may be inserted into the corresponding slot, so as to implement integrated assembly among each of the quantum state control module 140, the frequency control module 150, the measurement module 160, and the routing module 130 in the control device. Illustratively, the quantum state conditioning module 140 preferably employs FMC (The FPGA Mezzanine Card) -based DAC boards, the frequency conditioning module 150 preferably employs FMC-based AWG boards, and the measurement module 160 preferably employs FMC-based ADC/DAC boards.
Further, in an embodiment of the present application, the control device may further include a power supply 190, where the power supply 190 is disposed in the chassis 110. Specifically, the power supply 190 is integrally mounted in a slot dedicated to the power supply 190 of the backplate 120. Preferably, the power supply 190 is a linear power supply or a switching power supply.
As shown in fig. 6, based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present application further proposes a quantum control system 1, including at least one quantum control device as proposed in some embodiments above and a plurality of auxiliary peripherals for cooperating with the control device to generate the quantum state regulation signal, the frequency regulation signal and the measurement signal and to receive the read-back signal, thereby implementing a regulation and measurement operation of the quantum bits in the quantum chip. In this embodiment, the auxiliary peripherals include, but are not limited to, a microwave source, a high precision voltage source 40, a local oscillator microwave source 20, an RF transmitting assembly 30, and an RF transceiving assembly 50. Wherein a multi-channel said quantum state conditioning module 140 in combination with a said local oscillator microwave source 20 and a multi-channel RF transmitting assembly 30 is capable of generating multiple said quantum state conditioning signals; a multi-channel frequency regulation module 150 in combination with a multi-channel high precision voltage source 40 is capable of generating a plurality of frequency regulation signals; a multi-channel said measurement module 160 in combination with a said local oscillator microwave source 20 and a multi-channel RF transceiver 50 capable of generating multiple said measurement signals; meanwhile, the measurement module 160 can receive multiple read backhaul signals through the multi-channel RF transceiver 50. In addition, the pump signals required for the operation of the Josephson parametric amplifier (Josephson PARAMETRIC AMPLIFIER, JPA) can also be generated by the microwave source in combination with the high precision voltage source. The Josephson parametric amplifier is arranged on the third control signal line and is used for amplifying the read return signal so as to ensure that the control device obtains a high-precision read return signal and ensure the accuracy of the execution result of the quantum computing task.
As shown in fig. 7, in one embodiment of the present application, the quantum control system 1 may further include at least one cabinet 80, at least one control device 10 and a plurality of auxiliary peripherals are disposed in one cabinet 80, wherein the number of auxiliary peripherals in each cabinet 80 is set according to the requirements of a plurality of control devices 10 to achieve the co-action with each of the quantum state regulation modules 140, the frequency regulation modules 150, the measurement modules 160 and the routing modules 130 of each control device 10. In addition, the quantum control system 1 may further include at least one central control device 60, where the central control device 60 is communicatively connected to the routing module 130 of each control device 10 located in each cabinet 80, so as to implement a function of signal synchronization triggering, and a communication line of the quantum control system may be implemented by using any one or several combination of a network switch, a high-frequency cable, or a network cable. In addition, the quantum control system 1 may further include a server 90, where the server 90 may be a single server or a server group. The server farm may be centralized or distributed, e.g., server 90 may be a distributed system. The servers 90 are used to generate and output quantum computing tasks. The server 90 is communicatively connected to the routing module 130 and the central control device 60 of each control device 10 located in each cabinet 80, and the communication line thereof may be implemented by any one or several combination of a network switch, a high-frequency cable or a network cable. Preferably, the quantum control system may further include at least one network switch 70, at least one network switch 70 is disposed in each of the cabinets 80, and each of the auxiliary peripheral devices is communicatively connected to the server 90 through the network switch 70.
It can be seen that, with the increase of the number of qubits on the quantum chip, when implementing the quantum control system, the control device 10 may be used as a control core unit to extend, and the number of qubits that can be regulated and measured by the control device 10 may also be extended as required, so that the measurement and control functions of the quantum chip of the quantum control system 1 are implemented by setting the auxiliary peripheral device, the central control device 60 and the network switch 70 as required in combination with the server 90. Therefore, the volume and the cost of the quantum control system special for the constructed quantum chip are greatly reduced, the high integration and the expandability are realized, the quantity of the controlled quantum bits can be flexibly configured, and the measurement and control requirements of the high-quantum bit quantum chip can be met.
Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present application also proposes a quantum computer, comprising the quantum control system 1 described above.
In the description of the present specification, a description of the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," or "particular examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the application. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments. Further, one skilled in the art can engage and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application in any way. Any person skilled in the art will make any equivalent substitution or modification to the technical solution and technical content disclosed in the application without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the application, and the technical solution of the application is not departing from the scope of the application.
Claims (16)
1. A quantum control device, comprising:
the device comprises at least one quantum state regulation and control module, at least one frequency regulation and control module, at least one measurement module, a routing module and a backboard; the quantum state regulation and control modules, the frequency regulation and control modules and the measurement modules are distributed in slots on the backboard by taking the routing module as a center, and the lengths of trigger signal transmission lines from the routing module to the quantum state regulation and control modules, the frequency regulation and control modules and the measurement modules are respectively equal;
The quantum state regulation and control module, the frequency regulation and control module and the measurement module are all in communication connection with the routing module, and external data interaction is performed through the routing module, so that the quantum state regulation and control module outputs an initial quantum state regulation and control signal, the frequency regulation and control module outputs an initial frequency regulation and control signal and the measurement module outputs an initial measurement signal.
2. The quantum control device of claim 1, wherein the number of qubits that the quantum state regulation module and the frequency regulation module can regulate is greater than or equal to the number of qubits that the measurement module can read.
3. The quantum control device of claim 2, wherein the quantum state regulation module, the frequency regulation module, and the measurement module are each provided with multiple output channels.
4. The quantum control device of claim 3, wherein the quantum state conditioning module comprises a first DAC cell or a first AWG cell, the frequency conditioning module comprises a second DAC cell or a second AWG cell, the measurement module is at least one of a combination of an ADC/DAC cell, a third AWG cell, and a DAQ cell, and the routing module comprises a field programmable gate array.
5. The quantum control device of claim 1, wherein the routing module is disposed at a central location of the back plate, each of the measurement modules being disposed proximate to the routing module.
6. The quantum control device of claim 1, further comprising a control module disposed in the slot of the back plate, the control module configured to obtain signal delay data of each of the quantum state control modules, each of the frequency control modules, each of the measurement modules, and output the signal delay data to the outside.
7. The quantum control device of claim 6 further comprising a heat sink assembly coupled to the control module, the control module sending temperature control instructions to the heat sink assembly based on temperature information within the device to control the heat sink assembly to operate in different states.
8. The quantum control device of claim 1, wherein the quantum state regulation module, the frequency regulation module, the measurement module, the routing module, and the back plate are provided with clock synchronization circuits, and all the clock synchronization circuits use a same clock synchronization reference for performing clock synchronization control on the quantum state regulation module, the frequency regulation module, the measurement module, and the routing module.
9. The quantum control device of any one of claims 1-8, further comprising a chassis, wherein the back plate, the quantum state regulation module, the frequency regulation module, the measurement module, and the routing module are disposed within the chassis.
10. The quantum control device of claim 9, further comprising a power source disposed within the enclosure.
11. A quantum control system comprising at least one quantum control device according to any one of claims 1-10.
12. The system of claim 11, further comprising an auxiliary peripheral device comprising a plurality of local oscillator microwave sources, RF transmitting assemblies, RF transceiving assemblies, and high precision voltage sources, wherein the local oscillator microwave sources and the RF transmitting assemblies cooperate with the control device to generate quantum state regulation signals for quantum state information regulation of the quantum bits, the high precision voltage sources cooperate with the control device to generate frequency regulation signals for frequency regulation of the quantum bits, and the local oscillator microwave sources and the RF transceiving assemblies cooperate with the control device to generate measurement signals for state reading of the quantum bits and to receive read return signals returned by the quantum chips.
13. The system of claim 12, further comprising a number of microwave sources that cooperate with the high precision voltage source to generate pump signals for driving the josephson parametric amplifier.
14. The system of claim 13, further comprising at least one central control device communicatively coupled to the routing module of the control device.
15. The system of claim 14, further comprising a server, wherein the central control device, the auxiliary peripheral device, and the routing module of the control device are all communicatively coupled to the server.
16. A quantum computer comprising a quantum control system as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 15.
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| PCT/CN2022/127663 WO2023072140A1 (en) | 2021-10-29 | 2022-10-26 | Quantum control apparatus, quantum control system and quantum computer |
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| US9692423B2 (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2017-06-27 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | System and method for circuit quantum electrodynamics measurement |
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| US10374612B1 (en) * | 2017-10-06 | 2019-08-06 | Rigetti & Co, Inc. | Ancilla qubit devices in a superconducting quantum processor |
| WO2020036673A2 (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2020-02-20 | Rigetti & Co., Inc. | Modular quantum processor architectures |
| CN210090383U (en) * | 2019-01-26 | 2020-02-18 | 北京工业大学 | Dual-channel high-frequency pulse excitation receiving board card based on PXI-to-serial port communication |
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