CN116076527A - 一种用于制备小浆果病虫害防治药物的组合物及其应用 - Google Patents
一种用于制备小浆果病虫害防治药物的组合物及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/12—Asteraceae or Compositae [Aster or Sunflower family], e.g. daisy, pyrethrum, artichoke, lettuce, sunflower, wormwood or tarragon
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
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Abstract
本发明属于农药技术领域，公开一种用于制备小浆果病虫害防治药物的组合物，以质量份计，该组合物的有效成分包括：苯醚甲环唑10‑80份、阿维菌素16‑75份和青蒿提取物5‑78份。小浆果栽培从定植后到开花前，使用本发明提供的组合物进行叶面喷施，能有效降低小浆果病虫害的发病率，例如白粉病和灰霉病，并能有效提高小浆果的果实质量。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农药技术领域，涉及一种用于制备小浆果病虫害防治药物的组合物。
背景技术
小浆果，被誉为第3代水果，因含有丰富的营养物质，如抗氧化剂、维生素类、矿质营养、生物黄酮、花青素等，受到人们的喜爱。随着小浆果栽培面积逐年扩大和种植年限增加，各类病虫危害问题逐步突显，严重制约小浆果产业的持续健康发展。
苯醚甲环唑(Difenoconazole)属***类内吸性杀菌剂，是甾醇脱甲基化抑制剂。苯醚甲环唑是一种较为新颖的低毒杂环类杀菌剂，具有广阔的市场开发前景，对降低使用成本、提高药效及施用者的安全具有现实意义，可用于防治多种作物的多种真菌病害。苯醚甲环唑作用机理是通过抑制麦角甾醇的生物合成而干扰病菌的正常生长，对植物病原菌的孢子形成有强烈的抑制作用，具有理想的内吸性，施药后能被植物迅速吸收，叶面处理或种子处理可提高作物的产量和保证品质。
阿维菌素(Avermectin，AVM)是1976年发现的由链霉菌(Streptomycesavermitilis)产生的一组大环内酯类抗生素，包含有8种结构相似的天然组分，其中最具活性作用的是AvermectinB1(阿维菌素B1，又称abamectin)，商品化的AVM即为B1a(≥80％)与B1b(≤20％)的混合物。阿维菌素具有以下特点：(1)抗虫谱广：对寄生于动物的绝大多数线虫和节肢动物有很强的杀灭作用，也包括对环境中的多种节肢动物有很强的杀灭作用。(2)活性高：有效浓度在ng级。(3)给药后，阿维菌素在体内代谢很少，大部分以原形形式通过胆汁、粪便***出体外。(4)进入环境中的阿维菌素能残留较长时间。
青蒿(Artemisia annuaL.)为菊科蒿属的一年生草本植物，是我国的传统中药，可用于消暑、退热、治疗感冒，在疟疾等寄生虫类疾病、心血管***疾病以及肿瘤等方面也有一定疗效。目前，国内外对青蒿的研究以青蒿素及其衍生物为主，对青蒿的其他成分的研究很少。现代实验研究表明青高水煎液对表皮葡萄球菌、卡他球菌、炭疽杆菌、白喉杆菌都有较强的抑菌作用，对金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、痢疾杆菌、结核秆菌等也有一定的抑制作用。青蒿挥发油在0.25％浓度时，对所有皮肤癣菌都有抑菌作用，在1％浓度时，对所有皮肤癣菌都有杀菌作用。青蒿素还有抗流感病毒的作用田。青蒿酯钠对金葡萄、福氏痢疾杆菌、大肠杆菌、卡他球菌，甲型和乙型副伤寒秆菌也有一定的抗菌作用。青蒿中的谷甾醇和豆甾醇亦有抗病毒作用。
随着小浆果栽培面积逐年扩大和种植年限增加，各类病虫危害及农药残留等植保问题逐步突显，每年造成损失为20％～30％，严重制约小浆果产业的持续健康发展。目前小浆果病虫害防治主要为病害发生后进行防治，缺少病害发生前的预防手段。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于制备小浆果病虫害防治药物的组合物，主要实现对小浆果的病虫害的预先防治。
基于上述目的，本发明提供了一种用于制备小浆果病虫害防治药物的组合物来解决本领域内的这种需要。
一方面，本发明涉及一种用于制备小浆果病虫害防治药物的组合物，以质量份计，有效成分包括：苯醚甲环唑10-80份、阿维菌素16-75份和青蒿提取物5-78份。
优选地，本发明提供的用于制备小浆果病虫害防治药物的组合物中，以质量份计，有效成分包括：苯醚甲环唑26份、阿维菌素35份和青蒿提取物58份。
优选地，本发明提供的用于制备小浆果病虫害防治药物的组合物中，以质量份计，有效成分包括：苯醚甲环唑53份、阿维菌素57份和青蒿提取物22份。
优选地，本发明提供的用于制备小浆果病虫害防治药物的组合物中，以质量份计，有效成分包括：苯醚甲环唑75份、阿维菌素48份和青蒿提取物48份。
另一方面，本发明涉及一种用于制备小浆果病虫害防治药物的组合物的使用方法，包括：小浆果栽培从定植后到开花前，使用上述的组合物进行叶面喷施。
进一步地，本发明提供的用于制备小浆果病虫害防治药物的组合物的使用方法中，所述叶面喷施的周期为7-10天。
进一步地，本发明提供的用于制备小浆果病虫害防治药物的组合物的使用方法中，所述小浆果包括蓝莓、草莓和沙棘。
另一方面，本发明涉及上述的组合物在小浆果病虫害防治中的应用；具体地，所述病虫害包括白粉病、灰霉病和虫害。
与现有技术相比，本发明至少具有下述的优点或有益效果：
将苯醚甲环唑、阿维菌素和青蒿提取物复配后，发现其在小浆果病虫害防治中表现优异，表现出协同增效的效果。本发明提供用于制备小浆果病虫害防治药物的组合物，主要实现对小浆果的病虫害的预先防治，减少从小浆果开花一直到采收结束整个过程中的农药使用。
本发明提供的一种用于制备小浆果病虫害防治药物的组合物相较苯醚甲环唑和阿维菌素的混剂、苯醚甲环唑单剂、阿维菌素单剂、青蒿提取物单剂，其灰霉病防治效果得到显著提升，表现出对灰霉病优异的预先防治效果，灰霉病防治效果最高为95.04％，病果率最低只有2.5％，病虫率最低只有0.6％。同时本发明提供的一种用于制备小浆果病虫害防治药物的组合物还能有效提高草莓果实品质，所得草莓果实可溶性糖含量最高为2.95％，所得Vc含量最高为0.794mg/g，即所得到的草莓果实更加甘甜。
具体实施方式
下面，结合实施例对本发明的技术方案进行说明，但是，本发明并不限于下述的实施例。
下述各实施例中实验方法和检测方法，如无特殊说明，均为常规方法；药剂和材料，如无特殊说明，均可在市场上购买得到；指标数据，如无特殊说明，均为常规测量方法。
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种用于制备小浆果病虫害防治药物的组合物的制备试验。
苯醚甲环唑购自江苏丰登作物保护股份有限公司，阿维菌素购自河北独领国际贸易有限公司。青蒿提取物的制备：将阴干粉碎青蒿称取130g，用纱布包好，置于提取筒中，将1000mL圆底烧瓶安装于恒温水浴箱中，量取***800mL，从提取筒中倒入烧瓶，安装好索氏提取器后，打开水浴锅电源，加热37℃，回流2.5h。虹吸5次后，当提取筒中提取液颜色变得很浅时，说明被提取物已大部分被提取，停止加热，移去恒温温箱，冷却提取液，拆除索氏提取器。将烧瓶置于旋转蒸发仪上进行真空旋转蒸发后，4℃冰箱保存。
一种用于制备小浆果病虫害防治药物的组合物的水乳剂制备，原料：苯醚甲环唑260份、阿维菌素350份、青蒿提取物580份、溶剂油150#200份，烷基苯磺酸盐钙30份、聚羧酸盐20份，EO-PO嵌段醚80份，乙二醇80份，黄原胶3份，水补足200份。
采用搅拌混合法，将阿维菌素、青蒿提取物、溶剂油150#搅拌混合均匀后加入事先配制好的烷基苯磺酸盐钙水溶液中，高速剪切2min，制得水乳剂半成品。
采用湿法砂磨超微粉碎法，将苯醚甲环唑和聚羧酸盐、EO-PO嵌段醚、乙二醇、水称好混合均匀，启动砂磨机(2800r/min)，研磨3遍，检测粒径合格后，得悬浮剂半成品。
将上述水乳剂半成品加入悬浮剂半成品中，匀速搅拌10min左右，加入预先准备好的黄原胶水溶液，继续搅拌10min左右得水乳剂成品。
实施例2
本实施例提供了一种用于制备小浆果病虫害防治药物的组合物用于草莓灰霉病和害虫防治的试验。
试验地位于西藏林芝县，供试草莓品种为“甜查理”。从定植后到开花前，每7天依照表1所示分组进行叶面喷施一次，制备方法同实施例1，空白对照区不做处理，各试验小区统一水肥管理。定植后4个月，第一花序果实大量成熟，分别调查处理区与对照区草莓果实灰霉病发病率。采用5点取样法，每个点调查100株草莓，记录果实灰霉病发病率(平均病果率)和病虫率，并记录果实可溶性糖含量和Vc含量，调查结果如表2所示。
表1，试验农药组成用量与分组
表2，试验农药防治效果
如表2所示，本发明提供的一种用于制备小浆果病虫害防治药物的组合物相较苯醚甲环唑和阿维菌素的混剂、苯醚甲环唑单剂、阿维菌素单剂、青蒿提取物单剂，其灰霉病防治效果得到显著提升，表现出对灰霉病优异的预先防治效果，灰霉病防治效果最高为95.04％，病果率最低只有2.5％，病虫率最低只有0.6％。同时本发明提供的一种用于制备小浆果病虫害防治药物的组合物还能有效提高草莓果实品质，所得草莓果实可溶性糖含量最高为2.95％，所得Vc含量最高为0.794mg/g，即所得到的草莓果实更加甘甜。
如上，即可较好地实现本发明，上述的实施例仅仅是对本发明的优选实施方式进行描述，并非对本发明的范围进行限定，在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下，本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案做出的各种改变和改进，均应落入本发明确定的保护范围内。
Claims (9)
1.一种用于制备小浆果病虫害防治药物的组合物，其特征在于，以质量份计，有效成分包括：苯醚甲环唑10-80份、阿维菌素16-75份和青蒿提取物5-78份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于制备小浆果病虫害防治药物的组合物，其特征在于，以质量份计，有效成分包括：苯醚甲环唑26份、阿维菌素35份和青蒿提取物58份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于制备小浆果病虫害防治药物的组合物，其特征在于，以质量份计，有效成分包括：苯醚甲环唑53份、阿维菌素57份和青蒿提取物22份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于制备小浆果病虫害防治药物的组合物，其特征在于，以质量份计，有效成分包括：苯醚甲环唑75份、阿维菌素48份和青蒿提取物48份。
5.一种用于制备小浆果病虫害防治药物的组合物的使用方法，其特征在于，包括：小浆果栽培从定植后到开花前，使用权利要求1-4任一项所述的组合物进行叶面喷施。
6.根据权利要求5所述的用于制备小浆果病虫害防治药物的组合物的使用方法，其特征在于，所述叶面喷施的周期为7-10天。
7.根据权利要求5所述的用于制备小浆果病虫害防治药物的组合物的使用方法，其特征在于，所述小浆果包括蓝莓、草莓和沙棘。
8.权利要求1-4任一项所述的组合物在制备小浆果病虫害防治药物中的应用。
9.根据权利要求8所述的应用，其特征在于，所述病虫害包括白粉病、灰霉病和虫害。
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