CN116076425A - Fully-closed circulating water intensive culture system for prawns and culture method thereof - Google Patents
Fully-closed circulating water intensive culture system for prawns and culture method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a totally-enclosed circulating water intensive culture system for prawns and a culture method thereof, wherein the system comprises the following components: the culture area is connected with the physical treatment area and is used for culturing the prawns and culturing the clamworm with the solid waste generated by the cultured prawns; the physical treatment area is connected with the first biological treatment area and is used for precipitating the culture tail water of the culture area and conveying the surface layer tail water after precipitation treatment to the first biological treatment area; the first biological treatment area is connected with the second biological treatment area and is used for cultivating beneficial algae through surface layer tail water, degrading, absorbing and converting ammonia nitrogen organic nutrients in the surface layer tail water and then conveying the ammonia nitrogen organic nutrients to the second biological treatment area; the second biological treatment area is connected with the chemical treatment area and is used for planting hedges and gulfweed in the wastewater after degradation, absorption and conversion in the first biological treatment area, purifying the wastewater by the hedges and the gulfweed and then conveying the purified wastewater to the chemical treatment area; the chemical treatment area is connected with the cultivation area and is used for circularly conveying the purified wastewater to the cultivation area after sterilization and disinfection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a fully-closed circulating water intensive culture system for prawns and a culture method thereof.
Background
In recent years, the aquaculture technology of China rapidly develops, and gradually steps into a new period of industrialized, intensive and large-scale modern aquaculture; along with the increase of the culture varieties in China, various culture problems are endless, including aggravation of seawater pollution, reduction of underground water, frequent diseases and the like, and the culture industry faces transformation and upgrading; innovations in water treatment technology now push the circulating water culture mode to develop gradually, and are widely applied to aquaculture production.
In the field of prawn culture, the circulating water culture systems widely applied at home and abroad at present mainly comprise the following components:
(1) Microalgae-based circulating water shrimp culture system: the beneficial unicellular algae and microorganisms are inoculated in the culture water body to degrade, absorb and convert ammonia nitrogen organic nutrients in the water, so that the propagation of pathogenic microorganisms can be inhibited, the effects of disease prevention and disease resistance are achieved, a disinfection link in a conventional circulating water system is omitted, but the nitrogen and phosphorus can be removed rapidly due to higher algae density, and the damage to the culture organisms is caused if the density is controlled poorly;
(2) An annular shrimp culturing system: the runway pool is used as a closed water circulation system, suspended solids are removed by the sedimentation pool, and an external microorganism treatment system is used for treating solid waste, so that wastewater is directly pumped back to the pool channel without further treatment; although the culture survival rate is higher, the water treatment capacity of the system is limited due to the increase of the culture density and the feed feeding amount in the later period of culture, so that the water quality condition is inferior to that in the earlier period of culture, and the yield of the prawns is low.
(3) Florida three-stage shrimp culture system: the shrimp culturing process is divided into 3 independent culturing stages of young stage, medium stage and adult stage, and each stage is completed in different culturing ponds in the system; the breeding pond adopts a loop way, and the drainage of the shrimp pond is promoted by utilizing the plug flow of the circulating backwater, so that the residual baits and the faeces in the shrimp pond can be discharged out of the system in time; the circulating water treatment mainly adopts a sand filter and a biological filter, and a certain microalgae concentration is maintained in a culture pond; the system adopts continuous batch production, the total biomass of the system is kept relatively stable in the whole cultivation process, the effect of the water treatment system is fully exerted, the energy consumption is reduced, but the occupied area is large, the purchase, operation and maintenance costs of circulating water facility equipment are high, and the operability is not strong for improving the cultivation benefit.
(4) Biological flocculation shrimp culture system: modes for more widespread use in recent years. The biological flocculation is the core of effective operation of the zero-exchange water culture system, and the biological flocculation is utilized in the limited or zero-exchange water culture system, so that the water exchange is reduced on the basis of being capable of stabilizing the water quality, pathogen invasion is prevented, baits can be partially replaced, and the feed cost is reduced; however, in the actual popularization process, some barriers are encountered, because the biological floc culture technology is more applied to high-density culture, and the state of microorganisms is difficult to observe by naked eyes, so that requirements are made on the technical level of farmers; the requirement of the biological floc culture technology on daily management is far higher than that of the traditional culture technology and the industrial circulating water culture technology; the daily supervision is not in place, so that the overall balance in the biological flocculation system is damaged, and serious loss is caused if the biological flocculation system is not treated timely.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the main object of the present invention is to provide a totally-enclosed circulating water intensive culture system for prawns and a culture method thereof.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the embodiment of the invention provides a totally-enclosed circulating water fine culture system for prawns, which comprises a culture area, a physical treatment area, a first biological treatment area, a second biological treatment area and a chemical treatment area;
the culture area is connected with the physical treatment area and is used for culturing the prawns and culturing the clamworm with the solid waste generated by the cultured prawns;
the physical treatment area is connected with the first biological treatment area and is used for precipitating the culture tail water of the culture area and conveying the surface layer tail water after precipitation treatment to the first biological treatment area;
the first biological treatment area is connected with the second biological treatment area and is used for cultivating beneficial algae through surface layer tail water, degrading, absorbing and converting ammonia nitrogen organic nutrients in the surface layer tail water and then conveying the ammonia nitrogen organic nutrients to the second biological treatment area;
the second biological treatment area is connected with the chemical treatment area and is used for planting hedges and gulfweed in the wastewater after degradation, absorption and conversion in the first biological treatment area, purifying the wastewater by the hedges and the gulfweed and then conveying the purified wastewater to the chemical treatment area;
the chemical treatment area is connected with the cultivation area and is used for circularly conveying the purified wastewater to the cultivation area after sterilization and disinfection.
In the scheme, the culture area comprises a prawn culture area and a clamworm culture area;
the prawn culturing area is connected with the physical treatment area and is used for culturing prawns and conveying tail water generated by culturing the prawns to the physical treatment area for precipitation treatment;
the clam worm breeding area is connected with the physical treatment area and is used for breeding clam silkworms through tail water treated by the physical treatment area and conveying tail water generated by breeding the clam silkworms to the physical treatment area for precipitation treatment;
the physical treatment area is connected with the first biological treatment area and is used for precipitating the culture tail water of the prawn culture area and the clamworm culture area and conveying the surface layer tail water after precipitation treatment to the first biological treatment area.
In the scheme, the shrimp culture area comprises intensive culture ponds which are distributed in a piece, and four intensive culture ponds are in a group; the area of the intensive culture pond is 1-3 mu, the depth is 2.0m, square, round, irregular, flat or arc-shaped bottom is adopted, water inlet and drain pipes are arranged, and oxygen-increasing machines are arranged in the pond, close to a sewage outlet and around a high-level pond, according to 1 mu.
In the scheme, the four-side topography of the intensive pond is higher than the central drain outlet topography, an escape prevention net is paved, the drain outlets of the high-level ponds are connected with a drain main pipe through pipelines, and the outlets are connected with a water inlet pipe of the physical treatment area.
In the scheme, the shape of the clamworm culture area is designed into a round shape or a square shape according to the shape, and the area ratio of the clamworm culture area to the prawn culture area is 1: and 0.8, arranging annular grooves with the width of 4.0m around, culturing clamworms in the annular grooves, and connecting a drainage pipeline with the physical treatment area.
In the above scheme, the physical treatment area comprises a primary sedimentation tank, a secondary sedimentation tank and a sewage collecting tank, and the area ratio is 1:0.5:0.1; the primary sedimentation tank is connected with the prawn culture area through a pipeline, one side of the secondary sedimentation tank is connected with the clamworm culture area through a pipeline, the other side of the secondary sedimentation tank is connected with the first biological treatment area through another pipeline, and the sewage collecting tank is connected with the clamworm culture area through a pipeline.
In the scheme, the tank depth of the primary sedimentation tank and the secondary sedimentation tank is 2.0m, the tank depth of the sewage collecting tank is not less than 4.0m, and the tank bottoms and the periphery of the primary sedimentation tank and the secondary sedimentation tank are subjected to anti-seepage treatment.
In the scheme, the first biological treatment area comprises a plurality of bacteria and algae purifying tanks which are connected in series, and the water depth of each bacteria and algae purifying tank is 1-3 meters; the waste water from the physical treatment area is pumped to the bacteria and algae purifying tanks through a water pump, the bacteria and algae purifying tanks at all levels are connected through U-shaped pipes, and oxygenation equipment is arranged in the tanks.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a culture method of the fully-closed circulating water intensive culture system for prawns, which is applied to any one of the schemes, and comprises the following steps: in the culture area, selecting 1cm-2cm seedlings, cleaning pond, sterilizing, water feeding, and normal fertilizer and water supply before seedling placement, inoculating and culturing beneficial bacteria such as Bacillus and unicellular algae such as Bojioocyst algae to make the concentration of beneficial bacteria more than or equal to 1.5X10 3 cfu/L, the oocyst algae of the boji reaches 2 multiplied by 10 4 cfu/L; the penaeus vannamei boone seedlings are put according to the density of 20-25 ten thousand tails/mu, baits are thrown the next day, and the baits are adjusted according to weather, molting and eating; the method comprises the steps of periodically supplementing trace elements and carbon sources in the cultivation process, controlling the carbon nitrogen ratio of a water body to be between 5 and 15, maintaining stable water quality, returning seawater according to 10cm every 2-3 days in the early cultivation stage to enable the water depth of a pond to reach 1.5-2.0m, changing water according to the water quality requirement, enabling the water quantity to reach 10-20 cm/day in the early water change stage, enabling the water quantity to reach 30-50% of the total water body in the later water change stage, discharging sewage 3-4 times a day in the later water change stage, and removing sewage at the bottom of the pond.
In the scheme, in a breeding area, the running states of the water inlet and the water outlet gate of the pond are checked before the clamworm is bred, so that good water inlet and water outlet functions are ensured, a 60-mesh bolting silk net is arranged at a water inlet to filter water, and the water outlet gate is arranged in a 100-mesh bolting silk net pool; applying fully decomposed organic fertilizer in pond in the amount of 500-750 kg/hm 2 The stocking density of the clamworm larvae is controlled at 1000 tails per square meter, the tail water solid waste collected from the sewage collecting pool is used as clamworm bait, the clamworm bait is 10% of the total weight of clamworm in the filter pool, and the insufficient part is supplemented with fermented soybean meal and rice bran.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of low cost, strong operability, greatly reduced dependence on expensive facilities and equipment, maximum utilization of solid wastes (residual baits and faeces) in the culture tail water, conversion into the requirements of clamworm growth, improvement of the overall benefit of a culture mode, combination of a 'clamworm-algae-bacteria' multistage biological treatment system, low energy consumption, self purification, high yield and the like, and excellent performance on water quality improvement and solid waste removal.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic connection diagram of a totally-enclosed circulating water intensive culture system for prawns according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the present embodiment correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and are not indicative or implying that the devices or elements being referred to must have specific directions, be constructed and operated in specific directions, so that the terms describing the positional relationships in the drawings are merely for exemplary illustration, are not to be construed as limitations of the present patent, and the specific meanings of the terms described above may be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to specific circumstances.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, article or apparatus that comprises the element.
The embodiment of the invention provides a totally-enclosed circulating water intensive culture system for prawns, which is shown in figure 1 and comprises a culture area, a physical treatment area, a first biological treatment area, a second biological treatment area and a chemical treatment area;
the culture area is connected with the physical treatment area and is used for culturing the prawns and culturing the clamworm with the solid waste generated by the cultured prawns;
the physical treatment area is connected with the first biological treatment area and is used for precipitating the culture tail water of the culture area and conveying the surface layer tail water after precipitation treatment to the first biological treatment area;
the first biological treatment area is connected with the second biological treatment area and is used for cultivating beneficial algae through surface layer tail water, degrading, absorbing and converting ammonia nitrogen organic nutrients in the surface layer tail water and then conveying the ammonia nitrogen organic nutrients to the second biological treatment area;
the second biological treatment area is connected with the chemical treatment area and is used for planting hedges and gulfweed in the wastewater after degradation, absorption and conversion in the first biological treatment area, purifying the wastewater by the hedges and the gulfweed and then conveying the purified wastewater to the chemical treatment area;
the chemical treatment area is connected with the cultivation area and is used for circularly conveying the purified wastewater to the cultivation area after sterilization and disinfection.
The cultivation area, the physical treatment area, the first biological treatment area, the second biological treatment area and the chemical treatment area are in a proportion of 1:0.15:0.8:0.6:0.05.
the culture area comprises a prawn culture area and a clamworm culture area;
the prawn culturing area is connected with the physical treatment area and is used for culturing prawns and conveying tail water generated by culturing the prawns to the physical treatment area for precipitation treatment;
the clam worm breeding area is connected with the physical treatment area and is used for breeding clam silkworms through tail water treated by the physical treatment area and conveying tail water generated by breeding the clam silkworms to the physical treatment area for precipitation treatment;
the physical treatment area is connected with the first biological treatment area and is used for precipitating the culture tail water of the prawn culture area and the clamworm culture area and conveying the surface layer tail water after precipitation treatment to the first biological treatment area.
The shrimp culture area comprises intensive culture ponds which are distributed in a piece, and four intensive culture ponds are in a group; the area of the intensive culture pond is 1-3 mu, the depth is 2.0m, square, round, irregular, flat or arc-shaped bottom is adopted, water inlet and drain pipes are arranged, and oxygen-increasing machines are arranged in the pond, close to a sewage outlet and around a high-level pond, according to 1 mu.
The four-side topography of the intensive pond is higher than the central sewage outlet topography, an escape prevention net is paved, the sewage outlets of the high-level ponds are connected with a sewage main pipe through pipelines, and the outlets are connected with a water inlet pipe of the physical treatment area.
The shape of the clamworm culture area is designed into a round shape or a square shape according to the shape, and the area ratio of the clamworm culture area to the prawn culture area is 1: and 0.8, arranging annular grooves with the width of 4.0m around, culturing clamworms in the annular grooves, and connecting a drainage pipeline with the physical treatment area.
The physical treatment area comprises a primary sedimentation tank, a secondary sedimentation tank and a sewage collecting tank, and the area ratio is 1:0.5:0.1; the primary sedimentation tank is connected with the prawn culture area through a pipeline, one side of the secondary sedimentation tank is connected with the clamworm culture area through a pipeline, the other side of the secondary sedimentation tank is connected with the first biological treatment area through another pipeline, and the sewage collecting tank is connected with the clamworm culture area through a pipeline.
The depth of the primary sedimentation tank and the secondary sedimentation tank is 2.0m, the depth of the sewage collecting tank is not less than 4.0m, and the bottoms and the periphery of the primary sedimentation tank and the secondary sedimentation tank are subjected to anti-seepage treatment.
The first biological treatment area comprises a plurality of bacteria and algae purifying tanks connected in series, and the water depth of each bacteria and algae purifying tank is 1-3 meters; the waste water from the physical treatment area is pumped to the bacteria and algae purifying tanks through a water pump, the bacteria and algae purifying tanks at all levels are connected through U-shaped pipes, and oxygenation equipment is arranged in the tanks.
The second biological treatment area comprises a large algae purifying pond, the bottom of the pond is a sandy and gravel bottom, the wastewater enters the large algae purifying pond through a pipeline after four-stage precipitation filtration and biological treatment, the bottom of the large algae purifying pond is a sandy and gravel bottom, large algae such as gracilaria or gulfweed are cultured, and the biomass is 1-5 kg/square water body.
The chemical treatment area mainly comprises a water inlet pipe, a disinfection tank, a water outlet tank and a water outlet pipe. A chemical agent (lime, bleaching powder and the like) throwing port is arranged in the disinfection tank, and nanotubes are arranged in parallel at the bottom of the tank at a distance of 1m for the purpose of fully mixing tail water and the chemical agent; the water outlet pool is provided with a water quality detection point, the water outlet pool collects water treated by the disinfection pool, and after the water is detected to be qualified, the water can enter the prawn culture area through the water outlet pipe.
The method has higher removal efficiency on TSS, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and COD in the culture tail water, has obvious water purification effect and can reach the standard for recycling; wherein the TSS removal rate is about 93%, the total nitrogen removal rate is about 84%, the total phosphorus removal rate is about 92%, the COD removal rate is about 87%, and the pH is about 8.1.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a culture method applied to the totally-enclosed circulating water intensive culture system of the prawns, which comprises the following steps: in the culture area, selecting 1cm-2cm seedlings, cleaning pond, sterilizing, water feeding, and normal fertilizer and water supply before seedling placement, inoculating and culturing beneficial bacteria such as Bacillus and unicellular algae such as Bojioocyst algae to make the concentration of beneficial bacteria more than or equal to 1.5X10 3 cfu/L, the oocyst algae of the boji reaches 2 multiplied by 10 4 cfu/L; the penaeus vannamei boone seedlings are put according to the density of 20-25 ten thousand tails/mu, baits are fed the next day, the feeding amount is adjusted according to weather, molting and eating, and the nutrition requirements of the penaeus vannamei boone seedlings are ensured; the method comprises the steps of periodically supplementing trace elements and carbon sources in the cultivation process, controlling the carbon nitrogen ratio of a water body to be between 5 and 15, maintaining stable water quality, returning seawater according to 10cm every 2-3 days in the early cultivation stage to enable the water depth of a pond to reach 1.5-2.0m, changing water according to the water quality requirement, enabling the water quantity to reach 10-20 cm/day in the early water change stage, enabling the water quantity to reach 30-50% of the total water body in the later water change stage, discharging sewage 3-4 times a day in the later water change stage, and removing sewage at the bottom of the pond.
In the breeding area, the running state of the water inlet and the water outlet gate of the pond is checked before the clamworm is bred, the water inlet and the water outlet are ensured to be good, 60-mesh bolting silk net is arranged at the water inlet to filter the water body, and the water outlet gate is arrangedA 100-mesh bolting silk net pool; applying fully decomposed organic fertilizer in pond in the amount of 500-750 kg/hm 2 The stocking density of the clamworm larvae is controlled at 1000 tails per square meter, the tail water solid waste collected from the sewage collecting pool is used as clamworm bait, the clamworm bait is 10% of the total weight of clamworm in the filter pool, and the insufficient part is supplemented with fermented soybean meal and rice bran.
In the first biological treatment zone, 1×10 5 and/L for inoculating and culturing beneficial algae such as Chlorella pyrenoidosa, absorbing and utilizing nutrient salts in tail water from the first biological treatment zone, and maintaining the growth of the beneficial algae such as Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Simultaneously inoculating beneficial microorganism such as bacillus, nitrifying bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, etc. with density of 10 7 /ml. The population structure and the number of the two microorganisms can be changed along with the cultivation process, so as to degrade, absorb and convert ammonia nitrogen organic nutrients in water; the purifying tanks are connected by U-shaped pipes, and the pipes are filled with filtering materials such as quartz sand.
In the physical treatment area, the cultivation tail water of the cultivation area enters the physical treatment area through a blow-off pipe. The primary sedimentation tank is used for removing most of granular suspended matters; the upper part of the secondary sedimentation tank is provided with a water outlet hole, and the surface tail water after sedimentation treatment is conveyed to a biological treatment area. The solid waste of the tail water at the middle and lower layers is settled in the sewage collecting pool and enters the first biological treatment area through a sewage discharge pipe.
In the second biological treatment area, the wastewater after multistage filtration precipitation and biological absorption decomposition enters a large-scale algae purifying tank, and river hedges and gulfweed are planted in the tank. The gulfweed is inoculated firstly in the first day, then the Sinapis Albae is inoculated after 3 days, the inoculation ratio is 1:2, the seedlings are clamped on nylon ropes for cultivation, the seedlings are required to be provided with the pseudoroot, the leaves are wide and bright in color and are yellow brown, the algae grows well, is clean and has no other attachments, the branches are strong and more, and the length is about 15 cm. The growth conditions of the gulfweed and the gulfweed are often observed, daily cultivation management work is carried out, the coverage area is kept to be not more than 50%, the biomass of the macroalgae is 1-5 kg/square water body, and the cooperation effect of the gulfweed and the gulfweed is better exerted, so that the water quality is improved.
In the chemical treatment area, tail water after the aquatic plant purifying treatment enters the chemical treatment area. The disinfection tank is filled with disinfectant such as lime and bleaching powder for disinfection, the dosage of the disinfectant is strictly controlled, the disinfection time is kept above 12 hours, a plurality of sampling points are arranged in the water outlet tank for water quality monitoring, detection is carried out at least twice a day, and detection indexes comprise total nitrogen, total phosphorus, COD, pH and the like.
The water quality of the culture zone, the physical treatment zone, the first biological treatment zone, the second biological treatment zone and the chemical treatment zone are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Water quality detection conditions for treatment areas
The cultivation effect is as follows: after the cultivation for nearly 4 months, the shrimp size reaches 45-50 shrimps/kg, and the cultivation survival rate reaches more than 90%; the average body length of the clam worm seedlings cultured for 4 months with the body length of about 1cm reaches 20cm, the average mu yield is about 100kg, and the clam worm seedlings can be sold or used as bait for prawn culture, and have considerable economic benefit.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A totally-enclosed circulating water fine culture system for prawns is characterized by comprising a culture area, a physical treatment area, a first biological treatment area, a second biological treatment area and a chemical treatment area;
the culture area is connected with the physical treatment area and is used for culturing the prawns and culturing the clamworm with the solid waste generated by the cultured prawns;
the physical treatment area is connected with the first biological treatment area and is used for precipitating the culture tail water of the culture area and conveying the surface layer tail water after precipitation treatment to the first biological treatment area;
the first biological treatment area is connected with the second biological treatment area and is used for cultivating beneficial algae through surface layer tail water, degrading, absorbing and converting ammonia nitrogen organic nutrients in the surface layer tail water and then conveying the ammonia nitrogen organic nutrients to the second biological treatment area;
the second biological treatment area is connected with the chemical treatment area and is used for planting hedges and gulfweed in the wastewater after degradation, absorption and conversion in the first biological treatment area, purifying the wastewater by the hedges and the gulfweed and then conveying the purified wastewater to the chemical treatment area;
the chemical treatment area is connected with the cultivation area and is used for circularly conveying the purified wastewater to the cultivation area after sterilization and disinfection.
2. The totally enclosed circulating water intensive culture system for prawns according to claim 1, wherein the culture area comprises a prawn culture area and a clam worm culture area;
the prawn culturing area is connected with the physical treatment area and is used for culturing prawns and conveying tail water generated by culturing the prawns to the physical treatment area for precipitation treatment;
the clam worm breeding area is connected with the physical treatment area and is used for breeding clam silkworms through tail water treated by the physical treatment area and conveying tail water generated by breeding the clam silkworms to the physical treatment area for precipitation treatment;
the physical treatment area is connected with the first biological treatment area and is used for precipitating the culture tail water of the prawn culture area and the clamworm culture area and conveying the surface layer tail water after precipitation treatment to the first biological treatment area.
3. The totally enclosed circulating water intensive system for prawns according to claim 2, wherein the prawn culturing area comprises intensive ponds arranged in a sheet form, four of which are in a group; the area of the intensive culture pond is 1-3 mu, the depth is 2.0m, square, round, irregular, flat or arc-shaped bottom is adopted, water inlet and drain pipes are arranged, and oxygen-increasing machines are arranged in the pond, close to a sewage outlet and around a high-level pond, according to 1 mu.
4. The totally-enclosed circulating water intensive culture system for prawns according to claim 3, wherein the intensive culture pond is characterized in that the surrounding topography is higher than the central drain outlet topography, an escape prevention net is paved, the drain outlets of all the high-level ponds are connected with a drain main pipe through pipelines, and the outlets are connected with a water inlet pipe of a physical treatment area.
5. The totally enclosed circulating water intensive culture system for prawns according to claim 4, wherein the clamworm culture area is designed into a round shape or a square shape according to the shape, and the area ratio of the clamworm culture area to the prawn culture area is 1: and 0.8, arranging annular grooves with the width of 4.0m around, culturing clamworms in the annular grooves, and connecting a drainage pipeline with the physical treatment area.
6. The totally enclosed circulating water intensive care system for prawns according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the physical treatment area comprises a primary sedimentation tank, a secondary sedimentation tank and a sewage collecting tank, and the area ratio is 1:0.5:0.1; the primary sedimentation tank is connected with the prawn culture area through a pipeline, one side of the secondary sedimentation tank is connected with the clamworm culture area through a pipeline, the other side of the secondary sedimentation tank is connected with the first biological treatment area through another pipeline, and the sewage collecting tank is connected with the clamworm culture area through a pipeline.
7. The fully-closed circulating water intensive culture system for prawns according to claim 6, wherein the pond depth of the primary sedimentation pond and the secondary sedimentation pond is 2.0m, the pond depth of the sewage collecting pond is not less than 4.0m, and the bottom and the periphery of the primary sedimentation pond and the secondary sedimentation pond are subjected to seepage prevention treatment.
8. The totally enclosed circulating water intensive care system for prawns according to claim 7, wherein the first biological treatment area comprises a plurality of bacteria and algae purifying tanks connected in series, and the water depth of each bacteria and algae purifying tank is 1-3 meters; the waste water from the physical treatment area is pumped to the bacteria and algae purifying tanks through a water pump, the bacteria and algae purifying tanks at all levels are connected through U-shaped pipes, and oxygenation equipment is arranged in the tanks.
9. A method for culturing a totally enclosed circulating water intensive culture system for prawns according to any one of claims 1-8, comprising the steps of: in the breeding area, the specification of the selected seedlings is1cm-2cm, cleaning pond, sterilizing, water intake, and fertilizer and water supply are carried out before seedling placement, and beneficial bacteria such as bacillus and unicellular algae such as Bojioocyst are inoculated and cultured to ensure that the concentration of the beneficial bacteria is more than or equal to 1.5X10 3 cfu/L, the oocyst algae of the boji reaches 2 multiplied by 10 4 cfu/L; the penaeus vannamei boone seedlings are put according to the density of 20-25 ten thousand tails/mu, baits are thrown the next day, and the baits are adjusted according to weather, molting and eating; the method comprises the steps of periodically supplementing trace elements and carbon sources in the cultivation process, controlling the carbon nitrogen ratio of a water body to be between 5 and 15, maintaining stable water quality, returning seawater according to 10cm every 2-3 days in the early cultivation stage to enable the water depth of a pond to reach 1.5-2.0m, changing water according to the water quality requirement, enabling the water quantity to reach 10-20 cm/day in the early water change stage, enabling the water quantity to reach 30-50% of the total water body in the later water change stage, discharging sewage 3-4 times a day in the later water change stage, and removing sewage at the bottom of the pond.
10. The method for culturing the totally-enclosed circulating water intensive culture system for prawns according to claim 9, wherein in a culture area, the running states of water inlet and drainage gates of a pond are checked before clam worm is bred, so that good water inlet and drainage functions are ensured, a 60-mesh bolting silk net is arranged at a water inlet to filter water, and a 100-mesh bolting silk net pool is arranged at the drainage gate; applying fully decomposed organic fertilizer in pond in the amount of 500-750 kg/hm 2 The stocking density of the clamworm larvae is controlled at 1000 tails per square meter, the tail water solid waste collected from the sewage collecting pool is used as clamworm bait, the clamworm bait is 10% of the total weight of clamworm in the filter pool, and the insufficient part is supplemented with fermented soybean meal and rice bran.
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