CN116063133A - High-energy mixed explosive with high heat conductivity and low sensitivity and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-energy mixed explosive with high heat conductivity and low sensitivity and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
- C06B31/28—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate
- C06B31/32—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate with a nitrated organic compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
- C06B21/0008—Compounding the ingredient
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
- C06B21/0033—Shaping the mixture
- C06B21/0041—Shaping the mixture by compression
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/006—Stabilisers (e.g. thermal stabilisers)
Abstract
The invention relates to a high-energy mixed explosive with high heat conduction and low sensitivity and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: positive modification is carried out on the high-energy explosive by adopting a cationic polymer, so that the high-energy explosive with positive charges on the surface is obtained; stirring and dispersing the high-energy explosive uniformly, adding a high-heat-conductivity two-dimensional material with a negative surface, and pre-dispersing the two-dimensional material in the high-energy explosive by an electrostatic dispersing method; preparing molding powder from the high-energy explosive/two-dimensional material compound by a suspension granulation method, and drying and pressing to obtain the mixed explosive. The invention prepares the high-energy mixed explosive with higher heat conduction, and reduces the mechanical sensitivity of the mixed explosive. The preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple preparation process, mildness, high mixed frying heat conduction performance, low mechanical sensitivity, easiness in amplification experiment and realization of industrial production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-energy mixed explosive with high heat conduction and low sensitivity and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of energetic composite materials.
Background
During the preparation, transportation, storage and use of the mixed explosive, a great amount of energy is generated due to the action of external environment and the decomposition of the explosive, which is generated by the energy, and heat accumulation in the mixed explosive is easy to cause unexpected combustion and explosion accidents when the heat is accumulated to a certain strength. The high-energy explosive and the binder in the mixed explosive have low heat conductivity, and the heat in the mixed explosive is difficult to discharge. Therefore, enhancing the thermal conductivity is a major means for high explosives to promote their thermal safety. How to select the material with high heat conductivity, which solves the technical difficulty in the current field that the material with high heat conductivity is evenly dispersed in the mixed explosive and forms a perfect heat conduction network through structural design.
Chinese patent CN107759427a discloses a method of simultaneously dispersing two-dimensional sheet-like heat conductive material and one-dimensional linear heat conductive material in the PBX mixed explosive, so that a heat conductive layer passage is efficiently formed in a dense space, and heat transfer efficiency is improved. The problem is that compared with the whole system, the filler addition amount is small, and the enrichment of the heat conducting filler in the mixed explosive is difficult to avoid by simple dispersion. Chinese patent CN201910497568.1 discloses a method for improving the thermal conductivity of a mixed explosive by grinding hui ink into an ink suspension and adding the ink suspension to the mixed explosive in batches in the suspension granulation process, wherein the thermal conductivity is improved by using a natural hybridized carbon nanomaterial in the ink. The problem is that the purity of the carbon nanomaterial in the ink is too low, a large amount of ineffective impurities are easily introduced into the mixed explosive, and simple batch addition of the ink cannot ensure efficient dispersion. Chinese patent CN112374954a discloses a polymer bonded explosive with a heat conducting network and a preparation method thereof, which adopts graphite nano-sheets, graphene and the like as fillers, and adds a surfactant to the explosive/polymer binder-heat conducting filler core-shell structure mixed explosive, and forms a heat conducting network to improve heat conductivity. The method has larger heat conductivity improvement amplitude, but the method is complicated and has great production difficulty. In conclusion, the filler dispersing process is mainly concentrated in the preparation process of the mixed explosive at present, the heat conducting filler in the mixed explosive prepared by the method is unevenly dispersed, and the heat conducting improving efficiency is low.
The existing technology for improving the heat conductivity of the high-energy mixed explosive generally adopts a filling and dispersing method, but the method is difficult to avoid enrichment of the heat conducting filler in the local space inside the mixed explosive, and the improvement efficiency of the heat conductivity is limited. In order to ensure that the high-energy explosive maintains a higher energy state, the addition amount of the filler is not excessive, a certain amount of filler support is needed for forming a complete heat conduction path, and the mechanical sensitivity of the high-energy explosive composite system is not obviously and positively influenced after the filler is directly added. At present, a technical means that the addition of a heat conducting material is less, the heat conductivity is improved greatly, and the mechanical sensitivity of the high-energy explosive can be reduced simultaneously is urgently needed, so that the wide and safe application of the high-energy explosive is facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a high-energy mixed explosive with high heat conduction and low sensitivity and a preparation method thereof, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
a preparation method of a high-energy mixed explosive with high heat conductivity and low sensitivity comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparing a few-layer high-heat-conductivity two-dimensional material dispersion liquid: weighing a high-heat-conductivity two-dimensional material with a negatively charged surface, dispersing the high-heat-conductivity two-dimensional material in deionized water, wherein the mass ratio of the high-heat-conductivity two-dimensional material to the deionized water is (0.5-2): 100, obtaining a few-layer heat-conducting two-dimensional material dispersion liquid through ultrasonic stripping;
step 2: positively modifying the high-energy explosive: dissolving a cationic polymer into an acidic solution to obtain a modified solution, adding the modified solution into an explosive dispersion liquid, adding an alkaline solution while stirring until the solution is neutral, and then stirring, suction filtering and drying to obtain a modified high-energy explosive with positively charged surface;
step 3: the high thermal conductivity two-dimensional material/high explosive composite is pre-dispersed: dispersing the high-energy explosive with positively charged surface in the step (2) into distilled water, stirring and dispersing uniformly, adding the low-layer high-heat-conductivity two-dimensional material dispersion liquid prepared in the step (1), continuously stirring the mixture until the mass ratio of the low-layer high-heat-conductivity two-dimensional material to the high-energy explosive with positively charged surface is (0.5-4) to 100, adsorbing the heat-conductivity two-dimensional material with negatively charged surface on the surface by the modified high-energy explosive with positively charged surface in the stirring process, realizing co-dispersion, and then carrying out suction filtration, washing and drying to obtain the high-energy explosive/two-dimensional material composite;
step 4: preparing a high-energy mixed explosive: adding the high-energy explosive/two-dimensional material compound prepared in the preparation step 3 into water, stirring, dripping a high polymer binder, preparing to obtain explosive molding powder, filtering, washing with water, drying, and pressing into explosive grains to obtain the mixed explosive with high heat conduction and low mechanical sensitivity.
Further, in the step 1, the high thermal conductivity two-dimensional material is transition metal carbon/nitride (MXene), graphite phase carbon nitride (g-C) 3 N 4 ) Any one or more of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BNNS), graphene Oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and graphene.
Further, the acidic solution in the step 2 is H + Any one of acetic acid solution, hydrochloric acid solution, sulfuric acid solution, carbonic acid solution and sulfuric acid solution with concentration of 1%;
the alkaline solution in the step 2 is any one of sodium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution, sodium carbonate solution and sodium bicarbonate solution.
Further, the cationic polymer in the step 2 is any one or a combination of more of chitosan, polyaluminum chloride, polyacrylamide and polydiallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride polymer which are positively charged;
the high explosive in the step 2 is any one or a combination of a plurality of RDX, HMX, CL-20.
Further, in the step 2, the concentration of the acetic acid solution is 1-3% (v/v), and the mass ratio of the cationic polymer to the high explosive is (1-10) to 100.
Further, in the step 2, the stirring temperature is 25-40 ℃, the stirring speed is 200-500rpm, and the stirring time is 1-6h.
Further, in the step 3, the stirring temperature is 25-40 ℃, the stirring speed is 200-500rpm, and the stirring time is 6-24 hours after the high-heat-conductivity two-dimensional material is added.
Further, the polymer binder in the step 4 is any one or a combination of a plurality of fluororubber, polyurethane and vinyl acetate cellulose.
Further, the preparation process of the explosive modeling powder in the step 4 is as follows: adding the high-energy explosive/two-dimensional material compound and water into water according to the mass ratio of 3:1, stirring at 300rpm until the mixture is uniformly dispersed, keeping the temperature in a bottle at 70 ℃, simultaneously dripping the prepared high-polymer binder solution into the dispersion liquid at the rate of 2ml/min, heating to 90 ℃ after dripping, keeping the temperature at 90 ℃, cooling to room temperature after the solvent is completely volatilized, pumping and filtering to obtain solid, flushing with water, vacuum drying to obtain molding powder, and pressing into a grain.
The high-energy mixed explosive prepared by the preparation method of the high-energy mixed explosive with high heat conductivity and low sensitivity.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention uniformly disperses the high-heat-conductivity two-dimensional material with negative surface and the high-energy explosive through the electropositivity of the cationic polymer in advance, and further prepares the dispersed high-energy explosive/two-dimensional material composite into the mixed explosive. According to the invention, through structural control and scheme design, enrichment of the heat conduction two-dimensional material in a local space is skillfully avoided, and a network-shaped heat conduction path is formed through close contact of the heat conduction two-dimensional material on the surface of the high-energy explosive in the mixed explosive (the heat conduction two-dimensional material is uniformly dispersed in the high-energy explosive, and after the compound of the two materials is prepared into the mixed explosive, the heat conduction two-dimensional material adsorbed on the surface of the high-energy explosive in the mixed explosive system is mutually connected to form a complete heat conduction path), so that high-efficiency improvement of heat conductivity is realized. However, due to the large-area coverage of the high explosive by the two-dimensional material, a large number of hot spots are covered, and the reduction of the mechanical sensitivity of the mixed explosive is realized. The method has mild reaction conditions and simple process, can simultaneously improve the heat conductivity of the mixed explosive and reduce the mechanical sensitivity, and is convenient for the wide and safe application of the high-energy explosive. From the prior published materials, the two-dimensional material is dispersed in the high-energy explosive in advance to prepare the mixed explosive, and the method for improving the heat conductivity and reducing the mechanical sensitivity of the mixed explosive is not reported, so that the method is novel and creative.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a flow chart of the preparation of the present invention,
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a model powder sample of raw RDX,
FIG. 3 is a graph of a modeling powder sample of RDX/GO from example 1,
FIG. 4 is the RDX/g-C of example 2 3 N 4 Is characterized in that the modeling powder sample graph of the model (C),
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a model powder sample of RDX/MXene in example 3,
FIG. 6 shows a blended explosive prepared from RDX as a raw material, RDX/GO, RDX/g-C as in examples 1-3 3 N 4 Bar graph of thermal conductivity of RDX/MXene prepared hybrid explosive,
FIG. 7 shows a blended explosive prepared from RDX as a raw material, RDX/GO, RDX/g-C as in examples 1-3 3 N 4 Bar graph of high values for the properties corresponding to the impact sensitivity of the RDX/MXene prepared hybrid explosive.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the preparation method of the present invention comprises: positive modification is carried out on the high-energy explosive by adopting a cationic polymer, so that the high-energy explosive with positive charges on the surface is obtained; stirring and dispersing the high-energy explosive uniformly, adding a high-heat-conductivity two-dimensional material with a negative surface, and pre-dispersing the two-dimensional material in the high-energy explosive by an electrostatic dispersing method; preparing molding powder from the high-energy explosive/two-dimensional material compound by a suspension granulation method, and drying and pressing to obtain the mixed explosive.
Example 1
(1) By ultrasonic stripping, a few-layer GO dispersion was prepared: 2mgGO is weighed and dispersed in 100ml deionized water, and the mixture is subjected to ultrasonic dispersion for 2 hours at a power of 500W to obtain a few-layer GO dispersion liquid.
(2) Surface modification of RDX: 0.02g of chitosan was dissolved in 100ml of 1% (v/v) acetic acid solution, followed by weighing 2g of RDX and adding the solution, dispersing and stirring, and adding NaOH solution (2 mol/L), adjusting to pH to neutrality, and stirring at 300rpm for 2 hours at room temperature. And after the reaction is finished, filtering and washing are carried out, and drying is carried out at 60 ℃ for 12 hours. Modified RDX with positively charged surface is obtained.
(3) GO pre-dispersion: dispersing the modified RDX in 200mL of distilled water, stirring for 20min at 300rpm and 25 ℃, adding 1wt% of a few-layer GO dispersion liquid after uniform dispersion, continuously controlling the rotating speed to 300rpm, and reacting for 6h at room temperature. And after the reaction is finished, carrying out suction filtration and washing, and drying for 24 hours to obtain an RDX/GO compound sample.
(4) Preparing an RDX/GO mixed explosive: RDX/GO was added to water (water to material ratio, 3:1) and stirred at 300rpm until dispersed uniformly. The temperature in the flask was maintained at 70℃while the formulated binder solution was added dropwise to the dispersion at a rate of 2 ml/min. After dripping, the temperature is raised and kept at 90 ℃ for 30min until the solvent is completely volatilized, the solvent is cooled to room temperature, the solid is filtered, washed by water, dried in vacuum to obtain molding powder and pressed into grains.
The modeling powder prepared by RDX/GO is tested according to GJB772A-97 method 601.2- "characteristic falling height method" to obtain H corresponding to impact sensitivity 50 62.3em of H of mixed explosive with raw material RDX 50 Is reduced by 36.0%. According to the GJB-772A-97406.2 standard method, adopting LFA 467 nanometer laser pulse heat conduction device to test the heat conductivity of RDX/GO mixed explosive to obtain the heat conductivity coefficient of 0.2846 W.m -1 ·K -1 0.1243 W.m. coefficient of thermal conductivity with raw RDX -1 ·K -1 Compared with the heat conduction performance, the heat conduction performance is improved by 129.0 percent.
Example 2
(1) Preparation of few-layer g-C by ultrasonic stripping 3 N 4 Dispersion liquid: weigh 2mg g-C 3 N 4 Dispersing in 100ml deionized water, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 2 hours at a power of 500W to obtain a few-layer GO dispersion liquid.
(2) Surface modification of RDX: 0.02g of chitosan was dissolved in 100ml of 1% (v/v) acetic acid solution, followed by weighing 2g of RDX added to the solution, and NaOH solution (2 mol/L) was added while dispersing and stirring, adjusted to pH to neutrality, and stirred at 300rpm for 2 hours at room temperature. And after the reaction is finished, filtering and washing are carried out, and drying is carried out at 60 ℃ for 12 hours. Modified RDX with positively charged surface is obtained.
(3)g-C 3 N 4 Pre-dispersing: dispersing modified RDX in 200mL distilled water, stirring at 300rpm and 25deg.C for 20min, dispersing uniformly, adding 1wt% of less-layer g-C 3 N 4 The dispersion was continuously controlled at 300rpm and reacted at room temperature for 6 hours. After the reaction is finished, carrying out suction filtration washing and drying for 24 hours to obtain RDX/g-C 3 N 4 A composite sample.
(4) Preparation of RDX/g-C 3 N 4 Mixed explosive: RDX/g-C 3 N 4 Adding into water (water-to-material ratio, 3:1), stirring at 300rpm until the mixture is uniformly dispersed. The temperature in the flask was maintained at 70℃while the formulated binder solution was added dropwise to the dispersion at a rate of 2 ml/min. After dripping, the temperature is raised and kept at 90 ℃ for 30min until the solvent is completely volatilized, the solvent is cooled to room temperature, the solid is filtered, washed by water, dried in vacuum to obtain molding powder and pressed into grains.
Measured in the same manner as in example 1, RDX/g-C 3 N 4 H of mixed explosive 50 50.4em, the degree of the phase reduction of the mixed explosive is 10 percent compared with the RDX of the raw material, and the RDX/g-C 3 N 4 The heat conductivity coefficient of the mixed explosive is 0.2516 W.m -1 ·K -1 Compared with the RDX mixed explosive as the raw material, the heat conducting property of the mixed explosive is improved by 102.4 percent.
Example 3
(1) A few-layer MXene dispersion was prepared by ultrasonic stripping: 2mg of MXene was weighed and dispersed in 100ml of deionized water, and the mixture was ultrasonically dispersed at 500W for 2 hours to obtain a small-layer MXene dispersion.
(2) Surface modification of RDX: 0.02g of chitosan was dissolved in 100ml of 1% (v/v) acetic acid solution, followed by weighing 2g of RDX added to the solution, and NaOH solution (2 mol/L) was added while dispersing and stirring, adjusted to pH to neutrality, and stirred at 300rpm for 2 hours at room temperature. And after the reaction is finished, filtering and washing are carried out, and drying is carried out at 60 ℃ for 12 hours. Modified RDX with positively charged surface is obtained.
(3) MXene pre-dispersion: the modified RDX was dispersed in 200mL of distilled water, stirred at 300rpm and 25℃for 20min, after the dispersion was uniform, 1wt% of a small layer of MXene dispersion was added, and the reaction was continued at room temperature at a rotation speed of 300rpm for 6h. And after the reaction is finished, carrying out suction filtration washing and drying for 24 hours to obtain an RDX/MXene compound sample.
(4) Preparing an RDX/MXene mixed explosive: RDX/MXene was added to water (water to material ratio, 3:1) and stirred at 300rpm until dispersed uniformly. The temperature in the flask was maintained at 70℃while the formulated binder solution was added dropwise to the dispersion at a rate of 2 ml/min. After dripping, the temperature is raised and kept at 90 ℃ for 30min until the solvent is completely volatilized, the solvent is cooled to room temperature, the solid is filtered, washed by water, dried in vacuum to obtain molding powder and pressed into grains.
H of RDX/MXene Mixed explosive measured in the same manner as in example 1 50 60.3cm, the degree of phase degradation of the mixed explosive is 31.7 percent compared with the mixed explosive of the raw material RDX, and the heat conductivity coefficient of the mixed explosive of RDX and MXene is 0.1626 W.m -1 ·K -1 Compared with the RDX mixed explosive as the raw material, the heat conducting property of the mixed explosive is improved by 30.8%.
Example 4
(1) By ultrasonic stripping, a few-layer GO dispersion was prepared: 2mg of GO is weighed and dispersed in 100ml of deionized water, and the mixture is subjected to ultrasonic dispersion for 2 hours at a power of 500W to obtain a few-layer GO dispersion liquid.
(2) Surface modification of RDX: 0.02g of chitosan was dissolved in 100ml of 1% (v/v) acetic acid solution, followed by weighing 2g of RDX added to the solution, and NaOH solution (2 mol/L) was added while dispersing and stirring, adjusted to pH to neutrality, and stirred at 300rpm for 2 hours at room temperature. And after the reaction is finished, filtering and washing are carried out, and drying is carried out at 60 ℃ for 12 hours. Modified RDX with positively charged surface is obtained.
(3) GO pre-dispersion: dispersing the modified RDX in 200mL of distilled water, stirring for 20min at 300rpm and 25 ℃, adding 2wt% of a few-layer GO dispersion liquid after uniform dispersion, continuously controlling the rotating speed to 300rpm, and reacting for 6h at room temperature. And after the reaction is finished, carrying out suction filtration and washing, and drying for 24 hours to obtain an RDX/GO compound sample.
(4) Preparing an RDX/GO mixed explosive: the RDX/GO complex was added to water (water to material ratio, 3:1) and stirred at 300rpm until dispersed uniformly. The temperature in the flask was maintained at 70℃while the formulated binder solution was added dropwise to the dispersion at a rate of 2 ml/min. After dripping, the temperature is raised and kept at 90 ℃ for 30min until the solvent is completely volatilized, the solvent is cooled to room temperature, the solid is filtered, washed by water, dried in vacuum to obtain molding powder and pressed into grains.
H of RDX/GO Mixed explosive measured in the same manner as in example 1 50 62.8cm, the degree of phase degradation of the mixed explosive is 37.1 percent compared with the RDX mixed explosive as the raw material, and the heat conductivity coefficient of the RDX/GO mixed explosive is 0.2934 W.m -1 ·K -1 Compared with the RDX mixed explosive as the raw material, the heat conducting property of the mixed explosive is improved by 136.0%.
Example 5
(1) Preparation of few-layer g-C by ultrasonic stripping 3 N 4 Dispersion liquid: weigh 2mgg-C 3 N 4 Dispersing in 100ml deionized water, and ultrasonic dispersing at 500W for 2 hr to obtain few g-C layers 3 N 4 And (3) a dispersion.
(2) Surface modification of RDX: 0.02g of chitosan was dissolved in 100ml of 1% (v/v) acetic acid solution, followed by weighing 2g of RDX and adding the solution, dispersing and stirring, and adding NaOH solution (2 mol/L), adjusting to pH to neutrality, and stirring at 300rpm for 2 hours at room temperature. And after the reaction is finished, filtering and washing are carried out, and drying is carried out at 60 ℃ for 12 hours. Modified RDX with positively charged surface is obtained.
(3)g-C 3 N 4 Pre-dispersion: dispersing modified RDX in 200mL distilled water, stirring at 300rpm and 25deg.C for 20min, dispersing uniformly, adding 2wt% of less-layer g-C 3 N 4 The dispersion was continuously controlled at 300rpm and reacted at room temperature for 6 hours. After the reaction is finished, carrying out suction filtration washing and drying for 24 hours to obtain RDX/g-C 3 N 4 A composite sample.
(4) Preparation of RDX/g-C 3 N 4 Mixed explosive: RDX/g-C 3 N 4 Adding into water (water-to-material ratio, 3:1), stirring at 300rpm until the mixture is uniformly dispersed. The temperature in the flask was maintained at 70℃while the formulated binder solution was added dropwise to the dispersion at a rate of 2 ml/min. After dripping, the temperature is raised and kept at 90 ℃ for 30min until the solvent is completely volatilized, the solvent is cooled to room temperature, the solid is filtered, washed by water, dried in vacuum to obtain molding powder and pressed into grains.
Measured in the same manner as in example 1, RDX/g-C 3 N 4 H of mixed explosive 50 Is 52.1cm, the degree of the phase reduction of the mixed explosive is 13.8 percent compared with the RDX mixed explosive as the raw material, and the RDX/g-C 3 N 4 The heat conductivity coefficient of the mixed explosive is 0.2508 W.m -1 ·K -1 Compared with the RDX mixed explosive as the raw material, the heat conducting property of the RDX mixed explosive is improved by 101.8%.
Example 6
(1) A few-layer MXene dispersion was prepared by ultrasonic stripping: 2mg of MXene was weighed and dispersed in 100ml of deionized water, and the mixture was ultrasonically dispersed at 500W for 2 hours to obtain a small-layer MXene dispersion.
(2) Modification of RDX surface: 0.02g of chitosan was dissolved in 100ml of 1% (v/v) acetic acid solution, followed by weighing 2g of RDX added to the solution, and NaOH solution (2 mol/L) was added while dispersing and stirring, adjusted to pH to neutrality, and stirred at 300rpm for 2 hours at room temperature. And after the reaction is finished, filtering and washing are carried out, and drying is carried out at 60 ℃ for 12 hours. Modified RDX with positively charged surface is obtained.
(3) MXene pre-dispersion: the modified RDX was dispersed in 200mL of distilled water, stirred at 300rpm and 25℃for 20min, after the dispersion was uniform, 2wt% of a small layer of MXene dispersion was added, and the reaction was continued at room temperature for 6h with the rotation speed controlled at 300 rpm. And after the reaction is finished, carrying out suction filtration washing and drying for 24 hours to obtain an RDX/MXene compound sample.
(4) Preparing an RDX/MXene mixed explosive: RDX/MXene was added to water (water to material ratio, 3:1) and stirred at 300rpm until dispersed uniformly. The temperature in the flask was maintained at 70℃while the formulated binder solution was added dropwise to the dispersion at a rate of 2 ml/min. After dripping, the temperature is raised and kept at 90 ℃ for 30min until the solvent is completely volatilized, the solvent is cooled to room temperature, the solid is filtered, washed by water, dried in vacuum to obtain molding powder and pressed into grains.
H of RDX/MXene Mixed explosive measured in the same manner as in example 1 50 The phase degradation degree of the composite explosive is 37.1 percent compared with the RDX composite explosive which is a raw material, and the heat conductivity coefficient of the RDX/MXene composite explosive is 0.1792 W.m -1 ·K -1 Compared with the RDX mixed explosive as the raw material, the heat conducting property of the mixed explosive is improved by 44.2%.
Comparative example 1
(1) By ultrasonic stripping, a few-layer GO dispersion was prepared: 2mg of GO is weighed and dispersed in 100ml of deionized water, and the mixture is subjected to ultrasonic dispersion for 2 hours at a power of 500W to obtain a few-layer GO dispersion liquid.
(2) Surface modification of RDX: 0.02g of chitosan was dissolved in 100ml of 1% (v/v) acetic acid solution, followed by weighing 2g of RDX added to the solution, and NaOH solution (2 mol/L) was added while dispersing and stirring, adjusted to pH to neutrality, and stirred at 300rpm for 2 hours at room temperature. And after the reaction is finished, filtering and washing are carried out, and drying is carried out at 60 ℃ for 12 hours. Modified RDX with positively charged surface is obtained.
(3) GO pre-dispersion: dispersing the modified RDX in 200mL of distilled water, stirring for 20min at 300rpm and 25 ℃, adding 0.3wt% of a few-layer GO dispersion liquid after uniform dispersion, continuously controlling the rotating speed to 300rpm, and reacting for 6h at room temperature. And after the reaction is finished, carrying out suction filtration and washing, and drying for 24 hours to obtain an RDX/GO compound sample.
(4) Preparing an RDX/GO mixed explosive: RDX/GO was added to water (water to material ratio, 3:1) and stirred at 300rpm until dispersed uniformly. The temperature in the flask was maintained at 70℃while the formulated binder solution was added dropwise to the dispersion at a rate of 2 ml/min. After dripping, the temperature is raised and kept at 90 ℃ for 30min until the solvent is completely volatilized, the solvent is cooled to room temperature, the solid is filtered, washed by water, dried in vacuum to obtain molding powder and pressed into grains.
H of RDX/GO Mixed explosive measured in the same manner as in example 1 50 49.2cm, the degree of phase degradation of the mixed explosive is 7.4% compared with the RDX mixed explosive of the raw materials, and the heat conductivity coefficient of the mixed explosive of RDX and GO is 0.1565 W.m -1 ·K -1 Compared with the RDX mixed explosive as the raw material, the heat conducting property of the mixed explosive is improved by 25.9%.
Comparative example 2
(1) By ultrasonic stripping, a few-layer GO dispersion was prepared: 2mg of GO is weighed and dispersed in 100ml of deionized water, and the mixture is subjected to ultrasonic dispersion for 2 hours at a power of 500W to obtain a few-layer GO dispersion liquid.
(2) Surface modification of RDX: 0.02g of chitosan was dissolved in 100ml of 1% (v/v) acetic acid solution, followed by weighing 2g of RDX added to the solution, and NaOH solution (2 mol/L) was added while dispersing and stirring, adjusted to pH to neutrality, and stirred at 300rpm for 2 hours at room temperature. And after the reaction is finished, filtering and washing are carried out, and drying is carried out at 60 ℃ for 12 hours. Modified RDX with positively charged surface is obtained.
(3) Preparing GO pre-dispersion: dispersing the modified RDX in 200mL of distilled water, stirring for 20min at 300rpm and 25 ℃, adding 10wt% of a few-layer GO dispersion liquid after uniform dispersion, continuously controlling the rotating speed to 300rpm, and reacting for 6h at room temperature. And after the reaction is finished, carrying out suction filtration and washing, and drying for 24 hours to obtain an RDX/GO compound sample.
(4) Preparing an RDX/GO mixed explosive: RDX/GO was added to water (water to material ratio, 3:1) and stirred at 300rpm until dispersed uniformly. The temperature in the flask was maintained at 70℃while the formulated binder solution was added dropwise to the dispersion at a rate of 2 ml/min. After dripping, the temperature is raised and kept at 90 ℃ for 30min until the solvent is completely volatilized, the solvent is cooled to room temperature, the solid is filtered, washed by water, dried in vacuum to obtain molding powder and pressed into grains.
H of RDX/GO Mixed explosive measured in the same manner as in example 1 50 45.0cm, the degree of the relative reduction of the compared feeling of the RDX mixed explosive is-1.7 percent, and the heat conductivity coefficient of the RDX/GO mixed explosive is 0.2938 W.m -1 ·K -1 Compared with the RDX mixed explosive as the raw material, the heat conducting property of the mixed explosive is improved by 136.4%.
Table 1 table of characteristics drop height and thermal conductivity of the blended explosives in each of examples and comparative examples
As can be seen from FIGS. 2, 3, 4 and 5, the electrostatic dispersion method is adopted to lead GO and g-C to be 3 N 4 And MXene are fully dispersed in the raw material RDX, and the obtained mixed explosive molding powder has uniform color.
FIG. 6 is a diagram of raw materials RDX, RDX/GO, RDX/g-C 3 N 4 Thermal conductivity map of RDX/MXene blended explosive. It can be seen from the figure that the thermal conductivity of the hybrid explosive is positively correlated with the thermal conductivity of the incoming two-dimensional material. Wherein the thermal conductivity of the three two-dimensional materials is respectively ranked from large to small as GO > g-C 3 N 4 The heat conductivity coefficient of the mixed explosive is respectively ranked as RDX/GO and RDX/g-C from large to small as MXene 3 N 4 ＞RDX/MXene。
FIG. 7 is a diagram of raw materials RDX, RDX/GO, RDX/g-C 3 N 4 The characteristics of the RDX/MXene blended explosive fall into a high histogram. From the figure, it can be seen that the characteristic height of the mixed explosive prepared by the RDX/two-dimensional materials is improved and the mechanical sensitivity is reduced compared with that of the mixed explosive prepared by the RDX/two-dimensional materials.
With the above-described preferred embodiments according to the present invention as an illustration, the above-described descriptions can be used by persons skilled in the relevant art to make various changes and modifications without departing from the scope of the technical idea of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the high-energy mixed explosive with high heat conduction and low sensitivity is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: preparing a few-layer high-heat-conductivity two-dimensional material dispersion liquid: weighing a high-heat-conductivity two-dimensional material with a negatively charged surface, dispersing the high-heat-conductivity two-dimensional material in deionized water, wherein the mass ratio of the high-heat-conductivity two-dimensional material to the deionized water is (0.5-2) to 100, and obtaining a few-layer heat-conductivity two-dimensional material dispersion liquid through ultrasonic stripping;
step 2: positively modifying the high-energy explosive: dissolving a cationic polymer into an acidic solution to obtain a modified solution, adding the modified solution into an explosive dispersion liquid, adding an alkaline solution while stirring until the solution is neutral, and then stirring, suction filtering and drying to obtain a modified high-energy explosive with positively charged surface;
step 3: the high thermal conductivity two-dimensional material/high explosive composite is pre-dispersed: dispersing the high-energy explosive with positively charged surface in the step (2) into distilled water, stirring and dispersing uniformly, adding the low-layer high-heat-conductivity two-dimensional material dispersion liquid prepared in the step (1), continuously stirring the mixture until the mass ratio of the low-layer high-heat-conductivity two-dimensional material to the high-energy explosive with positively charged surface is (0.5-4) to 100, adsorbing the heat-conductivity two-dimensional material with negatively charged surface on the surface by the modified high-energy explosive with positively charged surface in the stirring process, realizing co-dispersion, and then carrying out suction filtration, washing and drying to obtain the high-energy explosive/two-dimensional material composite;
step 4: preparing a high-energy mixed explosive: adding the high-energy explosive/two-dimensional material compound prepared in the preparation step 3 into water, stirring, dripping a high polymer binder, preparing to obtain explosive molding powder, filtering, washing with water, drying, and pressing into explosive grains to obtain the mixed explosive with high heat conduction and low mechanical sensitivity.
2. The method for preparing a high-energy mixed explosive with high heat conductivity and low sensitivity according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the high heat conductivity two-dimensional material is transition metal carbon/nitride (MXene), graphite phase carbon nitride (g-C) 3 N 4 ) Any one or more of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BNNS), graphene Oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and graphene.
3. The method for preparing a high energy mixed explosive with high heat conductivity and low sensitivity according to claim 1, wherein the acidic solution in the step 2 is H + Any one of acetic acid solution, hydrochloric acid solution, sulfuric acid solution, carbonic acid solution and sulfuric acid solution with concentration of 1%;
the alkaline solution in the step 2 is any one of sodium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution, sodium carbonate solution and sodium bicarbonate solution.
4. The method for preparing the high-energy mixed explosive with high heat conductivity and low sensitivity according to claim 1, wherein the cationic polymer in the step 2 is any one or a combination of more of chitosan, polyaluminum chloride, polyacrylamide and polydiallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride polymer which presents positive electricity;
the high explosive in the step 2 is any one or a combination of a plurality of RDX, HMX, CL-20.
5. The method for preparing the high-energy mixed explosive with high heat conductivity and low sensitivity according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the acetic acid solution in the step 2 is 1-3% (v/v), and the mass ratio of the cationic polymer to the high-energy explosive is (1-10) to 100.
6. The method for preparing a high-energy mixed explosive with high heat conductivity and low sensitivity according to claim 1, wherein the stirring temperature in the step 2 is 25-40 ℃, the stirring speed is 200-500rpm, and the stirring time is 1-6h.
7. The method for preparing the high-energy mixed explosive with high heat conductivity and low sensitivity according to claim 1, wherein the stirring temperature in the step 3 is 25-40 ℃, the stirring speed is 200-500rpm, and the stirring time is 6-24 hours after the high-heat conductivity two-dimensional material is added.
8. The method for preparing the high-energy mixed explosive with high heat conductivity and low sensitivity according to claim 1, wherein the high polymer binder in the step 4 is any one or a combination of a plurality of fluororubber, polyurethane and vinyl acetate cellulose.
9. The method for preparing the high-energy mixed explosive with high heat conductivity and low sensitivity according to claim 1, wherein the preparation process of the explosive modeling powder in the step 4 is as follows: adding the high-energy explosive/two-dimensional material compound and water into water according to the mass ratio of 3:1, stirring at 300rpm until the mixture is uniformly dispersed, keeping the temperature in a bottle at 70 ℃, simultaneously dripping the prepared high-polymer binder solution into the dispersion liquid at the rate of 2ml/min, heating to 90 ℃ after dripping, keeping the temperature at 90 ℃, cooling to room temperature after the solvent is completely volatilized, pumping and filtering to obtain solid, flushing with water, vacuum drying to obtain molding powder, and pressing into a grain.
10. A high energy blended explosive produced by the method for producing a high energy blended explosive of high thermal conductivity and low sensitivity of any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| CN103193561A (en) * | 2013-03-26 | 2013-07-10 | 中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所 | Explosive with low mechanical sensitivity and preparation method thereof |
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| CN111704513A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-09-25 | 西南科技大学 | Method for reducing sense of explosive coating |
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