CN116059298B - 一种抑菌组合物及其应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种抑菌组合物。它包括竹醋和鬼针草提取物,或竹醋和鱼腥草提取物,或竹醋和辣蓼提取物。本发明通过实验发现,竹醋与鬼针草醇提液,竹醋与鱼腥草醇提液处理对大肠杆菌的抑制都具有协同作用,而竹醋与六种中药提取物的复配,在肠炎沙门氏菌抑制中都起到了协同作用。这说明竹醋与六种中药提取物复配之后,抑制细菌的作用强于单一的药物,大大加强了抑菌能力。可应用于制备抑菌药物或养猪业如猪饲料添加剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于抗菌领域,具体涉及一种抑菌组合物及其应用。
背景技术
抗生素被广泛用于传染病和饲料添加剂的动物健康和生长。过度使用抗生素引起的抗生素耐药性对全球健康构成威胁。安全、环保的抗生素替代品,对养猪业的可持续发展至关重要。近来科研人员将目光转向了副作用小且难以产生耐药性的植物源药物。
竹醋液为棕红色透明液体,是竹炭热解过程中产生的一种副产物,含有200多种化学成分,醋酸是主要成分(2.0%~6.1%),酚类、酮类、醇类和酯类次之。研究表明,由于其酚类化合物和乙酸含量,竹醋表现出良好的杀菌和杀白蚁特性。竹醋具有替代抗生素的潜力:大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌可被1:8稀释的竹醋杀死。即使在1:100的稀释度下,竹醋液对大肠杆菌也具有抗菌活性。此外,竹醋对铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌等细菌均有一定的抑制作用。根据酚类化合物含量,木醋液的杀菌性能依次为椰壳木醋>竹木醋>桉木醋。竹醋液可以作为一种安全的饲料添加剂,因为在SpragueDawley(SD)大鼠和小鼠的毒理学安全性评估中,竹醋液作为口服药物对动物是安全的。
鬼针草(Bidens bipinnata L.)又名鬼针草,为菊科(Asteraceae)冠状花亚科鬼针草属(Bidens L.)的一年生草本植物。鬼针草富含有多种生物活性成分,如多乙炔、黄酮类、生物碱、酚类、萜类、挥发油类等。作为民药主要用于主治疟疾、腹泻、急性胃炎、胃痛、噎嗝、肠痈等症。研究表明,鬼针草具有抑菌、降血压血糖、消炎镇痛、抗肿瘤等作用。其醇提物对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、水稻纹枯和荔枝疫有较好的抑制效果。
鱼腥草(Houttuynia cordata Thunb.),为双子叶植被三白草科的蕺菜属的多年生草本植物。其鱼腥味的主要来源是一种名为癸酰乙醛(Decanoylacetal dehyde)的挥发油,即鱼腥草素。鱼腥草含有多糖、生物碱、有机酸、黄酮以及挥发油类等多种药用成分、有止痛、抗菌、耐病毒、抗老化、抗氧化等功能。鱼腥草全株可入药,主要成分对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、痢疾志贺氏菌等都有不同程度的抑制作用。研究表明鱼腥草水提液与阿奇霉素在抗菌上具有协同作用,并能抑制铜绿假单胞菌生物膜的形成。此外,鱼腥草在黄曲霉毒素防控上具有巨大的潜力。
辣蓼(Polygonum hydropiper Linn.)也称水蓼,为蓼科蓼属一年生草本药食两用植物,含有黄酮类、酚类、挥发油类、鞣质类、脂肪酸、三萜类、糖苷和蓼酸等多种生物活性成分。民间常将辣蓼作止泻剂、调味品、蚊虫烟熏剂、粮仓驱虫剂等。研究表明辣蓼具有抗菌消炎、镇痛和抗氧化等功效等功效,辣蓼醇提液对金黄色葡萄球菌具有抑制效果。
综上所述,天然植物源药物在替代抗生素使用上具有重要意义,但通常面临着药效较低的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种具有复配协同增效作用的抑菌组合物及其应用。
本发明的抑菌组合物,其包括竹醋和鬼针草提取物,或竹醋和鱼腥草提取物,或竹醋和辣蓼提取物。
优选,所述的鬼针草提取物为鬼针草水提物或鬼针草醇提物;鱼腥草提取物为鱼腥草水提取物或鱼腥草醇提取物;辣蓼提取物为辣蓼水提取物或辣蓼醇提取物。
优选,所述的抑菌组合物包括竹醋和鬼针草水提液或醇提液,或竹醋和鱼腥草水提液或醇提液,或竹醋和辣蓼水提液或醇提液。
优选,所述的水提液是将鬼针草、鱼腥草或辣蓼干燥粉碎,按照料液比1:10g/ml的比例加入到水中,煎煮得到药液,将水煎法得到的药液混合过滤,得到滤液,滤液进行蒸发浓缩得到水浸膏,65℃烘干至恒重得到水提物,水提物按照料液比1g/4ml的比例溶于水中分别得到鬼针草、鱼腥草或辣蓼水提液。
优选,所述的醇提液是鬼针草、鱼腥草或辣蓼干燥粉碎,按照料液比1:10g/ml的比例加入到乙醇中,回流提取2h,得到药液,药液过滤后的滤液进行蒸发浓缩得到醇浸膏,醇浸膏65℃烘干至恒重得到醇提物,醇提物溶入按照料液比1g/4ml的比例溶于体积分数10%二甲基亚砜溶液中,分别得到鬼针草、鱼腥草或辣蓼醇提液。
优选,所述的抑菌组合物是包括竹醋和鬼针草水提液或醇提液,体积比1:1;或竹醋和鱼腥草水提液或醇提液,体积比1:1;或竹醋和辣蓼水提液或醇提液,体积比1:1。
优选,所述的抑菌组合物,当为抑制大肠杆菌的抑菌组合物时,所述的抑菌组合物包括竹醋体积分数0.781%和鬼针草醇提物1.95mg/mL或鱼腥草醇提物1.95mg/mL。
优选,所述的抑菌组合物,当为抑制肠炎沙门氏菌的抑菌组合物时,所述的抑菌组合物包括竹醋体积分数0.781%和鬼针草水浸膏或醇提物1.95mg/mL;竹醋体积分数0.781%和鱼腥草水浸膏或醇提物1.95mg/mL;竹醋体积分数0.781%和辣蓼水浸膏或醇提物1.95mg/mL。
本发明的第二个目的是提供上述抑菌组合物在制备抑菌药物或饲料添加剂中的应用。
优选,所述的抑菌药物是抑制大肠杆菌、肠炎沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的药物。
所述的抑菌组合物可应用于制备抑菌药物或养猪业如猪饲料添加剂。
本发明通过实验发现,竹醋与鬼针草醇提液,竹醋与鱼腥草醇提液处理对大肠杆菌的抑制都具有协同作用,而竹醋与六种中药提取物的复配,在肠炎沙门氏菌抑制中都起到了协同作用。这说明竹醋与六种中药提取物复配之后,抑制细菌的作用强于单一的药物,大大加强了抑菌能力。可应用于制备抑菌药物或养猪业如猪饲料添加剂。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例和对比例对本发明进行阐述,而本发明的保护范围并非仅仅局限于以下实施例。所述技术领域的普通技术人员依据本发明公开的内容,均可实现本发明的目的。
实施例1
1鬼针草水提物的制备
1.1以广东省肇庆市四会市大旺高新区采摘的鬼针草为原料,65℃烘干至恒重;
1.2将1.1中得到的鬼针草干草粉碎并通过60目筛得到鬼针草干粉;
1.3将1.2中得到的鬼针草干粉60g放入烧杯中,加入600mL纯水,煎煮0.5h后倒出水煮液,重新加入600mL纯水,复煎0.5h后倒出水煮液,将两次水煎法得到的药液混合过滤,得到滤液;
1.4将1.3中得到的滤液进行蒸发浓缩得到鬼针草水浸膏;
1.5将1.4中得到的鬼针草水浸膏65℃烘干至恒重得到鬼针草水提物。
2鬼针草醇提物的制备
2.1将1.2中得到的鬼针草干粉60g放入索氏提取器中,加入600mL乙醇,回流提取2h,得到药液;
2.2将2.1中得到的药液,过滤,滤液进行蒸发浓缩得到鬼针草醇浸膏;
2.3将2.2中得到的鬼针草醇浸膏65℃烘干至恒重得到鬼针草醇提物。
3鱼腥草水提物的制备
3.1以中药市场购得的鱼腥草为原料,65℃烘干至恒重;
3.2以3.1中获得的鱼腥草干草粉碎并通过60目筛得到鱼腥草干粉;
3.3将3.2中得到的鱼腥草干粉60g放入烧杯中,加入600mL纯水,煎煮0.5h后倒出水煮液,重新加入600mL纯水,复煎0.5h后倒出水煮液,将两次水煎法得到的药液混合过滤,得到滤液;
3.4将3.3中得到的滤液进行蒸发浓缩得到鱼腥草水浸膏;
3.5将3.4中得到的鱼腥草水浸膏65℃烘干至恒重得到鱼腥草水提物。
4鱼腥草醇提物的制备
4.1将3.2中得到的鱼腥草干粉60g放入索氏提取器中,加入600mL乙醇,回流提取2h,得到药液;
4.2将4.1中得到的药液过滤,滤液进行蒸发浓缩得到鱼腥草醇浸膏;
4.3将4.2中得到的鱼腥草醇浸膏65℃烘干至恒重得到鱼腥草醇提物。
5辣蓼水提物的制备
5.1以中药市场购得的辣蓼为原料,65℃烘干至恒重;
5.2以5.1中获得的辣蓼干草粉碎并通过60目筛得到辣蓼干粉;
5.3将5.2中得到的辣蓼干粉60g放入烧杯中,加入600mL纯水,煎煮0.5h后倒出水煮液,重新加入600mL纯水,复煎0.5h后倒出水煮液,将两次水煎法得到的药液混合过滤,得到滤液;
5.4将5.3中得到的滤液进行蒸发浓缩得到辣蓼水浸膏;
5.5将5.4中得到的辣蓼水浸膏65℃烘干至恒重得到辣蓼水提物。
6辣蓼醇提物的制备
6.1将6.2中得到的辣蓼干粉60g放入索氏提取器中,加入600mL乙醇,回流提取2h,得到药液;
6.2将6.1中得到的药液过滤,滤液进行蒸发浓缩得到辣蓼醇浸膏;
6.3将6.2中得到的辣蓼醇浸膏65℃烘干至恒重得到辣蓼醇提物。
实施例2
1单方药液的配制
1.1准确称量1g鬼针草水提物,溶入4mL纯水中,得到浓度为250mg/mL的鬼针草水提液;
1.2准确称量1g鱼腥草水提物,溶入4mL纯水中,得到浓度为250mg/mL的鱼腥草水提液;
1.3准确称量1g辣蓼水提物,溶入4mL纯水中,得到浓度为250mg/mL的辣蓼水提液;
1.4准确称量1g鬼针草醇提物,溶入4mL体积分数10%二甲基亚砜(DMSO)溶液中,得到浓度为250mg/mL的鬼针草醇提液;
1.5准确称量1g鱼腥草醇提物,溶入4mL体积分数10% DMSO溶液中,得到浓度为250mg/mL的鱼腥草醇提液;
1.6准确称量1g辣蓼醇提物,溶入4mL体积分数10% DMSO溶液中,得到浓度为250mg/mL的辣蓼醇提液。
2复方药液的配制
2.1将1中得到的1mL鬼针草水提液与1mL竹醋(购自遂昌武太郎竹炭有限公司,竹醋原液,下同)充分混匀,得到复方药液1;
2.2将1中得到的1mL鱼腥草水提液与1mL竹醋充分混匀,得到复方药液2;
2.3将1中得到的1mL辣蓼水提液与1mL竹醋充分混匀,得到复方药液3;
2.4将1中得到的1mL鬼针草醇提液与1mL竹醋充分混匀,得到复方药液4;
2.5将1中得到的1mL鱼腥草醇提液与1mL竹醋充分混匀,得到复方药液5;
2.6将1中得到的1mL辣蓼醇提液与1mL竹醋充分混匀,得到复方药液6。
菌种:
大肠杆菌K88(CVCC2),肠炎沙门氏菌(BNCC185933),金黄色葡萄球菌(BNCC186335)
培养基:
(1)营养肉汤培养基:
加入蒸馏水定容到1L
(2)营养琼脂培养基:
加入蒸馏水定容到1L
器材:培养皿(90mm)、酒精灯、75%酒精、涂布棒、接种环、烧杯、锥形瓶、试管(15mm×150mm)
抗生素:盐酸四环素(1mg/mL)
药液:竹醋、鬼针草水提液、鱼腥草水提液、辣蓼水提液、鬼针草醇提液、鱼腥草醇提液、辣蓼醇提液、复方药液1、复方药液2、复方药液3、复方药液4、复方药液5、复方药液6
实验步骤:
菌种的活化和菌液的制备
(1)将三种菌株分别接种于营养肉汤培养基中,于37℃的恒温摇床中80r/min的条件下培养16h,进行菌株复苏。
(2)挑取复苏后的菌液在营养琼脂平板上分区划线,37℃培养16h,挑单菌落于营养肉汤中培养16h,用无菌生理盐水10倍稀释法制得不同稀释浓度的菌悬液,通过菌落计数法制得1×106CFU/mL的菌悬液备用。
最小抑菌浓度测定(MIC)—肉汤培养法
营养肉汤培养基以每管终体积1mL分装于试管中,在120℃、0.1MPa条件下灭菌20min,待灭菌培养基冷却,无菌操作加入1mL药液充分混匀,以二倍连续稀释法(体积比)进行连续稀释为1-8号管,9号管为阳性对照,10号管为阴性对照(不加菌),无菌水和10%DMSO作空白对照。在空白对照管和1-9号管加入100μL菌液。37℃,150rpm培养24h后,观察试管中液体是否澄清并记录。所有处理组重复三次,液体澄清的试管对应的最低浓度即最小抑菌浓度(Minimum Inhibition Concentration,MIC)。
表1竹醋和中药提取物的MIC测定
注:-表示试管内液体澄清,+表示试管内液体浑浊。
表2复方药液的MIC测定
最小杀菌浓度测定(MBC)
在MIC的基础上,选取所有清晰无菌生长的试管,取100μL培养液涂布于营养琼脂培养基上,37℃过夜培养24h,重复3次。无菌生长的处理对应的最低药物浓度即为最小杀菌浓度(Minimum Bactericidal Concentration,MBC)。
联合抑菌指数测定(FICI)
联合抑菌指数(Faction Inhibitory Concentration Index,FICI)=甲药联合时MIC/甲药单独时MIC+乙药联合时MIC/乙药单独时MIC,当FICI≤0.5,药物之间为协同作用;0.5<FICI≤1,药物之间为相加作用;1<FICI≤2,药物之间为无关作用;FICI>2,药物之间为拮抗作用。
表3竹醋与中药提取物之间的相互作用
由结果可知,四环素对肠炎沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的敏感度很高,MIC为7.81μg/mL,但对大肠杆菌并不敏感,MIC为250mg/mL。可能原因是试验中所用大肠杆菌已对四环素产生了一定的耐药性,但植物源药物竹醋和中药提取物并不容易产生耐药性。竹醋对大肠杆菌K88和肠炎沙门氏菌处理组的MIC为3.13%,金黄色葡萄球菌处理组的MIC为1.56%,但在复配药液中,大肠杆菌K88和肠炎沙门氏菌处理组的MIC浓度仅为0.78~1.56%,金黄色葡萄球菌处理组的MIC仅为0.781%。六种中药提取物对大肠杆菌K88的MIC为15.6mg/mL,肠炎沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌处理组为7.81~15.6mg/mL,但在复配药液中,中药提取物对大肠杆菌K88处理组的MIC浓度仅为1.95~3.91mg/mL,而肠炎沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌处理组的MIC仅为1.95mg/mL。这说明复配之后竹醋的浓度可以降低至原来的1/2~1/4,而复配之后的中药提取物则可降低至原来的1/4~1/8(具有协同作用)。FICI指数表明,竹醋与鬼针草醇提液,竹醋与鱼腥草醇提液处理对大肠杆菌的抑制都具有协同作用,而竹醋与六种中药提取物的复配,在肠炎沙门氏菌抑制中都起到了协同作用。这说明竹醋与六种中药提取物复配之后,抑制细菌的作用强于单一的药物,大大加强了抑菌能力。
Claims (5)
1.一种抑菌组合物,其特征在于,由竹醋和鱼腥草提取物组成,所述的鱼腥草提取物为鱼腥草水提取物或鱼腥草醇提取物,所述的鱼腥草水提取物是将鱼腥草干燥粉碎,按照料液比1:10g/ml的比例加入到水中,煎煮得到药液,将水煎法得到的药液混合过滤,得到滤液,滤液进行蒸发浓缩得到水浸膏,65℃烘干至恒重得到水提物,水提物按照料液比1g/4ml的比例溶于水中到得鱼腥草水提液;所述的鱼腥草醇提取物是鱼腥草干燥粉碎,按照料液比1:10g/ml的比例加入到乙醇中,回流提取2h,得到药液,药液过滤后的滤液进行蒸发浓缩得到醇浸膏,醇浸膏65℃烘干至恒重得到醇提物,醇提物溶入按照料液比1g/4ml的比例溶于体积分数10%二甲基亚砜溶液中,得到鱼腥草醇提液;所述的组合物是竹醋和鱼腥草水提液或醇提液,体积比1:1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的抑菌组合物,其特征在于,所述的抑菌组合物,当为抑制大肠杆菌的抑菌组合物时,所述的抑菌组合物由体积分数0.781%的竹醋和1.95mg/mL鱼腥草醇提取物组成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的抑菌组合物,其特征在于,所述的抑菌组合物,当为抑制肠炎沙门氏菌的抑菌组合物时,所述的抑菌组合物由体积分数0.781%的竹醋和鱼腥草水提取物或鱼腥草醇提取物1.95mg/mL组成。
4.权利要求1-3任一抑菌组合物在制备抑菌药物或饲料添加剂中的应用。
5.根据权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的抑菌药物是抑制大肠杆菌、肠炎沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的药物。
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