CN116054668A - Ship heavy load starting auxiliary system - Google Patents
Ship heavy load starting auxiliary system Download PDFInfo
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- CN116054668A CN116054668A CN202211634462.XA CN202211634462A CN116054668A CN 116054668 A CN116054668 A CN 116054668A CN 202211634462 A CN202211634462 A CN 202211634462A CN 116054668 A CN116054668 A CN 116054668A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
- H02P21/34—Arrangements for starting
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
- H02J3/16—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by adjustment of reactive power
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
- H02P21/14—Estimation or adaptation of machine parameters, e.g. flux, current or voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
- H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
- H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
- H02P27/085—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation wherein the PWM mode is adapted on the running conditions of the motor, e.g. the switching frequency
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a ship heavy-load starting auxiliary system, which comprises a PWM inverter, a power control unit and a control unit, wherein the PWM inverter is used for exciting an exciting winding of a synchronous motor in a set time based on a starting command or a heavy-load starting signal or starting a dynamic quick response program according to a heavy-load power parameter of the heavy-load starting signal so as to improve the exciting of the exciting winding of the synchronous motor to a budget value; the exciter stator is used for receiving the frequency modulation voltage output by the PWM inverter, a rotating magnetic field is formed in the winding, the vector rotating speed of the magnetic field of the exciter stator is larger than the rotating speed of a motor shaft, and an exciter rotor on the motor shaft cuts the magnetic field at a set relative speed to provide exciting current for the exciting winding of the synchronous motor; the rotary rectifier is used for receiving exciting current, converting the exciting current into direct current through the rectifier bridge and sending the direct current to the exciting winding of the synchronous motor, so that the exciting winding of the synchronous motor forms a stable N-S two-pole magnetic field around the exciting winding after receiving the direct current, and synchronous operation is involved in an alternating rotary magnetic field formed by a stator of the synchronous motor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ship control, in particular to a ship heavy load starting auxiliary system.
Background
Because the ship power supply and distribution system is an independent closed system, the total load is relatively low, the total capacity of a power station of a common ship is generally only megawatt level and even lower, and the load of large motors corresponding to ship equipment can reach hundreds of kilowatts, and the load belongs to heavy load for a ship generator. Because the motors belong to inductive loads, the instantaneous starting (magnetizing) current of the motors has a strong demagnetization effect on power generation equipment, the output voltage of the power generator can be reduced instantaneously, macroscopically, namely, the inductive load with a retarded current phase angle absorbs a great deal of reactive power to a power grid, so that the voltage of the power grid is reduced, when the voltage reduction amplitude is overlarge, other loads on the power grid cannot work normally, even under-voltage tripping occurs, and equipment and systems can be damaged seriously.
In order to solve this problem, currently, star-delta start, autotransformer start and soft start are commonly used in marine power systems. However, in the star-delta starting and re-switching process, a certain probability of superimposed large current exists, so that instantaneous trip setting of the circuit breaker needs to be amplified to avoid false tripping, correspondingly, thermal protection setting is also passively amplified, and finally, the size of a power supply cable is far more than that of an actual working current, so that cost waste is caused, and sometimes, cooperative protection of an upper-level circuit breaker and a lower-level circuit breaker is difficult; the autotransformer has the defects of large volume and high heat dissipation requirement when started, and is not suitable for being used at the place with high space utilization rate; soft start equipment has high purchase cost and is not suitable for wide use.
Currently, for the traditional three heavy-load starting modes, the problems of the traditional three heavy-load starting modes are not solved in an essential way, and a passive adaptation mode is generally adopted to meet the requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems in the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides a ship heavy-load starting auxiliary system, which adopts a synchronous motor with dynamically adjustable excitation to be connected to a bus bar of a ship main power distribution cabinet in a no-load mode, the synchronous motor dynamically adjusts rotor excitation in real time according to heavy-load starting signals and power factor deviation of a power grid, and reactive power with different magnitudes is timely supplemented to the ship power grid through different over-excitation states, so that pressure drop change of the power grid caused by large-scale suction of reactive power at the moment of starting a large-scale motor load is relieved, applicability and universality are stronger, and economical efficiency is better.
The embodiment of the invention provides a ship heavy load starting auxiliary system, which comprises the following components:
the PWM inverter is used for carrying out voltage establishment on a ship power grid and obtaining a starting command by a system or at least one heavy-load starting signal, exciting an exciting winding of the synchronous motor in a corresponding set time or starting a dynamic quick response program according to heavy-load power parameters corresponding to the at least one heavy-load starting signal, and improving the exciting of the exciting winding of the synchronous motor to a budget value so that reactive power consumption increased by heavy-load starting corresponding to the at least one heavy-load starting signal is reversely and appropriately overlapped and offset with reactive power increment output by instantaneous over-excitation of the synchronous motor;
the exciter stator is used for receiving the frequency modulation voltage output by the PWM inverter and forming a rotating magnetic field in the winding, wherein the vector rotating speed of the magnetic field of the exciter stator is larger than the rotating speed of a motor shaft, and an exciter rotor on the motor shaft cuts the formed magnetic field at a set relative speed to provide exciting current for the exciting winding of the synchronous motor;
the rotary rectifier is used for receiving exciting current generated by the exciter rotor, converting the exciting current into direct current through the rectifier bridge and sending the direct current to the exciting winding of the synchronous motor, so that the exciting winding of the synchronous motor forms a stable N-S two-pole magnetic field around the exciting winding after receiving the direct current, and synchronous operation is involved in an alternating rotary magnetic field formed by the stator of the synchronous motor.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the ship heavy load starting auxiliary system further comprises:
the motor starting box is used for supplying power to the PWM inverter and the synchronous motor stator after the ship power grid builds voltage and the system obtains a starting command;
the PWM inverter is specifically for:
controlling an exciter electrical loop to establish preliminary starting excitation for an exciting winding of the synchronous motor in a first duration so that a stator of the synchronous motor can pull a preliminarily excited rotor into a rotating state after power is obtained;
the PWM inverter combines a power factor feedback signal of a power factor detection circuit, continuously adjusts the frequency of output voltage according to program setting, and excites an exciting winding of the synchronous motor through an exciter so as to enable the synchronous motor to be maintained in a working state with a power factor of 1.0 after the synchronous motor is detected by a rotating speed sensor to reach synchronization.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the ship heavy load starting auxiliary system further comprises:
the heavy load starting signal forwarding unit is used for receiving a heavy load starting command on the ship main power distribution cabinet in real time and sending the heavy load starting command to the PWM inverter through the first line, wherein the heavy load starting signal corresponding to the heavy load starting command is sent to the corresponding starter after delay processing of a second time length in the heavy load starting signal forwarding unit;
the PWM inverter is also specifically configured to:
receiving at least one reload starting signal through a first circuit, starting a dynamic quick response program in the second time period according to reload power parameters corresponding to the at least one reload starting signal, and improving excitation of an excitation winding of the synchronous motor to a budget value;
after the second duration, starting the heavy load corresponding to the at least one heavy load starting signal, and superposing and balancing the reactive power increment output by the instantaneous over-excitation of the synchronous motor and the reactive power consumption reverse vector added by the heavy load motor corresponding to the at least one heavy load starting signal;
thereafter, the PWM inverter gradually downshifts to restore the synchronous motor power factor to 1.0 in preparation for the next heavy duty start event.
In some embodiments of the present invention, after the PWM inverter receives at least one heavy load start signal, the PWM inverter also receives a power factor deviation value of the power grid through the second line, and obtains a rotation speed signal of the motor shaft through the third line, obtains a current power factor of the synchronous motor through the power factor detection line, and after logic judgment and operation by the control module, provides an alternating voltage with a suitable frequency for the exciter stator through the inverter circuit, so that a rotating magnetic potential with a rotation speed greater than the rotation speed of the motor shaft is formed in the exciter stator winding, so that the stator magnetic field of the coaxial exciter and the rotor winding of the exciter can actively generate a required relative cutting motion, and a specific current is obtained in the exciter rotor winding.
In some embodiments of the invention, the motor starter case includes a motor start-stop control module and a rectifier; wherein,,
the motor start-stop control module realizes start-stop control of the synchronous motor through a first power line and a remote control start-stop line, supplies power to the synchronous motor stator, provides alternating current power input for the rectifier, and enables the synchronous motor stator to obtain power after the rectifier is powered and then the first time period through delay control
The motor start-stop control module is internally provided with a power factor meter which is used for transmitting the current power factor and the power value of the synchronous motor to the driving control module of the PWM inverter through a power factor detection circuit so as to perform corresponding logic control;
the rectifier is used for providing a direct current working power supply for the inverter.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the ship heavy load starting auxiliary system further comprises:
the power factor deviation detection unit is used for periodically collecting power factors of the power grid, then calculating the power factors with a preset standard value, obtaining a deviation value, and sending the deviation value to the PWM inverter through a second line to trigger a reactive power regulation static response program;
the rotating speed sensor is used for collecting the rotating speed of the rotating shaft of the motor and sending the rotating speed to the PWM inverter through a third line so as to serve as a reference quantity for logic operation of the output frequency of the PWM inverter.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the exciter rotor specifically cuts the magnetic field formed by the stator of the synchronous machine at a set relative speed Δv, and then determines the ac voltage of the corresponding magnitude according to the formula e=b×l×Δv.
In some embodiments of the invention, the synchronous machine stator obtains a voltage U from the power grid through a second power line, and after entering a synchronous operation state, the voltage U and the exciting magnetic potential E of the exciting winding of the synchronous machine rotor 0 The formed vector diagram, U phase angle lead E 0 Forming a positive power angle delta;
the exciting magnetic potential E of the exciting winding of the synchronous motor rotor under the condition of over-excitation 0 And the current I in the stator of the synchronous motor is promoted to lead the power grid voltage U by a phase angle phi when the current I is larger than the power grid voltage U.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the ship heavy load starting auxiliary system further comprises:
an intermediate isolation chamber for physically insulating and isolating the synchronous motor stator and the synchronous motor rotor field windings from the exciter stator and the exciter rotor, which are coaxial.
Compared with the prior art, the ship heavy load starting auxiliary system provided by the embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that: in view of the characteristic that the ship electric loads are started sequentially, different heavy loads are started in batches, the single heavy load starting auxiliary system with moderate capacity can meet the starting requirements of all heavy loads of the whole ship in a time-sharing manner after being started, Y-delta starting, autotransformer starting, soft starting and other starting modes are not needed any more, the purchasing cost of equipment is greatly reduced, meanwhile, the layout space of electric equipment is saved, and the power distribution equipment is more flexibly combined and arranged; meanwhile, the reactive output of the synchronous motor is regulated by adopting a PWM frequency conversion mode, the dynamic response is rapid, and the short plates with poor instantaneous voltage regulation capability of the power grid can be well compensated; further, through the functional design of static regulation and optimization of the reactive power of the power grid, the transmission efficiency of the power grid can be improved, the burden of generator equipment can be properly reduced, and the economic benefit of the equipment can be prolonged; in addition, the rectifying equipment and the inversion equipment related in the technical scheme adopt a separated installation mode, so that the problem of heat dissipation of the electronic equipment is well solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a ship heavy load starting auxiliary system and a ship power grid provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a marine heavy load start assist system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a working principle of a PWM inverter in the marine heavy load starting auxiliary system provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is an electrical parameter vector diagram of a synchronous motor in the ship heavy-load starting auxiliary system provided by the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 is a flowchart of an operation procedure of the ship heavy load starting auxiliary system provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals
1. A synchronous motor stator; 2. exciting windings of the synchronous motor; 3. a PWM inverter;
31. a first line; 32. a second line; 33. a third line; 34. a power factor detection circuit;
4. an exciter stator; 5. an exciter rotor; 6. a rotary rectifier; 7. a rotation speed sensor;
8. an intermediate isolation chamber; 9. a motor start box; 91. a motor start-stop control module; 92. a rectifier;
93. a first power line; 94. a second power line; 95. a remote control start-stop line;
10. a heavy load starting signal forwarding unit; 11. and a power factor deviation detecting unit.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and detailed description to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical scheme of the present invention.
Various aspects and features of the present application are described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings.
These and other characteristics of the present application will become apparent from the following description of a preferred form of embodiment, given as a non-limiting example, with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It is also to be understood that, although the present application has been described with reference to some specific examples, a person skilled in the art will certainly be able to achieve many other equivalent forms of the present application, having the characteristics as set forth in the claims and hence all coming within the field of protection defined thereby.
The foregoing and other aspects, features, and advantages of the present application will become more apparent in light of the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Specific embodiments of the present application will be described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings; however, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the application, which can be embodied in various forms. Well-known and/or repetitive functions and constructions are not described in detail to ascertain the true intent of the present application, based on the historical operations of the user, to avoid obscuring the application with unnecessary or redundant detail. Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not intended to be limiting, but merely serve as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present application in virtually any appropriately detailed structure.
The specification may use the word "in one embodiment," "in another embodiment," "in yet another embodiment," or "in other embodiments," which may each refer to one or more of the same or different embodiments as per the application.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a ship heavy load starting auxiliary system, as shown in fig. 1 to 5, the system includes:
the PWM inverter 3 is used for carrying out voltage establishment based on a ship power grid and obtaining a starting command by a system or at least one heavy-load starting signal, exciting the exciting winding 2 of the synchronous motor in a corresponding set time or starting a dynamic quick response program according to heavy-load power parameters corresponding to the at least one heavy-load starting signal, and improving the exciting of the exciting winding 2 of the synchronous motor to a budget value so that reactive power consumption increased by heavy-load starting corresponding to the at least one heavy-load starting signal is reversely and appropriately overlapped and offset with reactive power increment output by instantaneous over-excitation of the synchronous motor;
an exciter stator 4 for receiving the frequency modulation voltage output by the PWM inverter 3 and forming a rotating magnetic field inside the winding, wherein the vector rotation speed of the magnetic field of the exciter stator 4 is greater than the rotation speed of a motor shaft, and an exciter rotor 5 on the motor shaft cuts the formed magnetic field at a set relative speed to provide exciting current for the exciting winding 2 of the synchronous motor; that is, the coil of the exciter rotor 5 cuts the induction wire under the action of the speed difference to form alternating voltage, and provides a source of exciting current for the exciting winding 2 of the synchronous motor; after the exciter rotor 5 cuts the magnetic field formed by the synchronous motor stator 1 at a specific set relative speed Δv, an ac voltage of a corresponding magnitude is determined according to the formula e=b×l×Δv, that is, the higher the frequency of the voltage output from the PWM inverter 3 to the exciter stator 4, the greater Δv, the higher the potential formed in the exciter rotor 5.
And the rotary rectifier 6 is used for receiving exciting current generated by the exciter rotor 5, converting the exciting current into direct current through a rectifier bridge and sending the direct current to the synchronous motor exciting winding 2, so that the synchronous motor exciting winding 2 forms a stable N-S two-pole magnetic field around the synchronous motor exciting winding 2 after receiving the direct current, and the synchronous motor is involved in synchronous operation in the alternating rotary magnetic field formed by the synchronous motor stator 1.
In the above embodiment, the synchronous motor stator 1 obtains the voltage U from the power grid through the second power line 94, and after entering the synchronous operation state, in a vector diagram formed by the exciting magnetic potential E0 of the exciting winding of the synchronous motor rotor, as shown in fig. 4, the U phase angle leads E0 to form a positive power angle δ, that is, the motor absorbs a certain active power to overcome the friction resistance and copper consumption of the no-load synchronous motor to maintain the synchronous rotation speed; in the case of over-excitation, the exciting magnetic potential E0 is greater than the grid voltage U, so that the current I in the synchronous motor stator 1 leads the grid voltage U (similar to a capacitive load) by a phase angle phi, i.e. the synchronous motor sends reactive power of u×i×sin phi=q to the grid. The larger the excitation magnetic potential E0, the larger the reactive power Q the synchronous machine delivers to the grid within the rated value range.
In this embodiment, the ship heavy load starting auxiliary system further includes:
a motor start box 9 for supplying power to the PWM inverter 3 and the synchronous motor stator 1 after the ship power grid builds up voltage and the system gets a start command;
the PWM inverter 3 is specifically configured to: controlling an exciter electrical loop to establish preliminary starting excitation for the exciting winding 2 of the synchronous motor in a first duration so that the stator 1 of the synchronous motor can pull a preliminarily excited rotor into a rotating state after power is obtained; the PWM inverter 3 combines the power factor feedback signal of the power factor detection circuit 34, and sets the frequency of the output voltage to be continuously adjusted according to a program, and excites the exciting winding 2 of the synchronous motor through the exciter, so that the synchronous motor is maintained in a working state with a power factor of 1.0 after the rotation speed sensor 7 detects that the motor is synchronous.
In this embodiment, the ship heavy load starting auxiliary system is characterized by further comprising:
the heavy load starting signal forwarding unit 10 is configured to receive a heavy load (automatic/manual) starting command on the main power distribution cabinet of the ship in real time, and send the heavy load (automatic/manual) starting command to the PWM inverter 3 through the first line 31 to trigger a reactive power regulation fast dynamic response program, where a heavy load starting signal corresponding to the heavy load starting command is sent to each corresponding starter after a second time delay process is performed in the heavy load starting signal forwarding unit 10; the second time length of the delay provides logic control response time for the PWM inverter 3, so that reactive power supply response of the synchronous motor and reactive power demand suddenly added by heavy load are synchronous, and the regulation oscillation period is shortened.
The PWM inverter 3 is also specifically configured to:
receiving at least one reload starting signal through a first line 31, starting a dynamic quick response program in the second time period according to reload power parameters corresponding to the at least one reload starting signal, and improving excitation of the exciting winding 2 of the synchronous motor to a budget value; after the second duration, starting the heavy load corresponding to the at least one heavy load starting signal, and superposing and balancing the reactive power increment output by the instantaneous over-excitation of the synchronous motor and the reactive power consumption reverse vector added by the heavy load motor corresponding to the at least one heavy load starting signal; thereafter, the PWM inverter 3 gradually down-converts to restore the power factor of the synchronous motor to 1.0 in preparation for the next heavy-duty start event.
In this embodiment, after the PWM inverter 3 receives at least one heavy load start signal, it also receives the power factor deviation value of the power grid through the second line 32, and obtains the rotation speed signal of the motor rotation shaft through the third line 33, obtains the current power factor of the synchronous motor through the power factor detection line 34, and after the logic judgment and operation of the control module, provides the alternating voltage with proper frequency to the exciter stator 4 through the inverter circuit, so that the rotating magnetic potential with the rotation speed greater than the rotation speed of the motor shaft is formed in the winding of the exciter stator 4, so that the stator magnetic field of the coaxial exciter and the rotor winding of the exciter can actively generate the required relative cutting movement, and the specific current is obtained in the winding of the exciter rotor 5.
Further, in the present embodiment, the motor start box 9 includes a motor start-stop control module 91 and a rectifier 92; wherein,,
the motor start-stop control module 91 supplies power to the synchronous motor stator 1 through start-stop control of a synchronous motor of a first power line 93 and a remote control start-stop line 95, provides alternating current power input for the rectifier 92, and enables the synchronous motor stator 1 to be powered after the rectifier 92 is powered and the first time period is passed through delay control; when the synchronous motor is started initially, the downstream equipment PWM inverter 3 can have enough time to establish primary excitation for the synchronous motor exciting winding 2;
the motor start-stop control module 91 is internally provided with a power factor table, which is used for transmitting the current power factor and the power value of the synchronous motor to the driving control module of the PWM inverter 3 through a power factor detection circuit 34, so as to be used for corresponding logic control of the PWM inverter 3;
the rectifier 92 is used for providing a direct current working power supply for the inverter, and the electronic device rectifier 92 and the PWM inverter 3 are respectively arranged at two different positions so as to facilitate better heat dissipation.
In this embodiment, the ship heavy load starting auxiliary system further includes:
the power factor deviation detection unit 11 is used for periodically collecting power factors of the power grid, then calculating the power factors with a preset standard value, obtaining a deviation value, sending the deviation value to the PWM inverter 3 through the second line 32, and triggering a reactive power regulation static response program;
the rotation speed sensor 7 is used for collecting the rotation speed of the motor rotation shaft and sending the rotation speed to the PWM inverter 3 through the third line 33 to serve as a reference for the logic operation of the output frequency of the PWM inverter 3.
In this embodiment, the ship heavy load starting auxiliary system further includes: an intermediate isolation chamber 8 for physically insulating and isolating the synchronous motor stator 1 and the synchronous motor rotor field winding from the exciter stator 4 and the exciter rotor 5, which are coaxial, so that they operate independently of each other without interference.
In order to facilitate understanding of the above technical solution, the basic operation principle of the above embodiment is described below, as shown in fig. 5, specifically as follows:
after the ship power grid builds up voltage and the system gets a starting command, the motor starting box 9 supplies power to the PWM inverter 3 and the synchronous motor stator 1 in sequence, the exciter electric loop controlled by the PWM inverter 3 builds up primary starting excitation for the synchronous motor exciting winding 2 in a first time period, then the synchronous motor stator 1 gets power and pulls the primarily excited rotor into a rotating state, the PWM inverter 3 continuously adjusts the frequency of the output voltage according to a program setting by combining a power factor feedback signal of the power factor detection circuit 34, the synchronous motor exciting winding 2 is excited by the exciter, finally when the rotating speed sensor 7 detects that the motor achieves synchronization, the synchronous motor is maintained in a working state with a power factor of 1.0, i.e. no reactive power is absorbed or output, and at the moment, the system enters a standby monitoring mode to monitor a heavy load starting signal of the ship power grid and fluctuation (static deviation) of the power factor of the power grid.
When the heavy load starting signal forwarding unit 10 detects n number (or a plurality of) heavy load starting signals in a ship power grid (a main power distribution cabinet), the heavy load starting signal forwarding unit forwards the n number (or a plurality of) heavy load starting signals to the PWM inverter 3 instantaneously through the first circuit 31, the inverter starts a dynamic quick response program according to n number (or a plurality of) heavy load power parameters preset in the program in a second time period, excitation of the synchronous motor starts to be improved to a proper budget value, meanwhile, after the second time period is delayed, the heavy load n is directly started, reactive power increment output by the instantaneous over-excitation of the synchronous motor and reactive power consumption added by the heavy load motor n suddenly are superposed in an exactly reverse vector manner, only tiny voltage fluctuation can be shown in the main current distribution of the ship power grid, a short plate of the power generation equipment which is difficult to make instantaneous response to the sudden load is made is ensured, and continuous normal operation of the ship power grid is ensured. The heavy load start assist system will then continue to slowly decrease the reactive output (i.e. the PWM inverter 3 gradually down-convert) until the synchronous motor power factor is restored to 1.0 in preparation for the next heavy load start event, during which the automatic speed and voltage regulation equipment of the marine power plant will continue to regulate the active and reactive outputs until the frequency and voltage of the grid is stabilized within a specified range.
After grid connection start of a certain heavy load n is processed, the system enters a static response program, a ship power grid power factor deviation value is acquired through a second line 32, when the steady state deviation value is judged to be overlarge, the PWM inverter 3 of the system adjusts the frequency output again to change excitation of the exciting winding 2 of the synchronous motor, further changes reactive output of the power grid until the power factor of the ship power grid returns to an ideal preset range, the adjusting process can be used as supplement of an AVR function of a generator, the power factor of the power grid can be optimized, and therefore the transmission efficiency of the power grid is improved, and in the limit case (when the whole power factor of the whole ship motor is low), the system can be used as a reactive power supplementing device to avoid winding overheat working condition of generator equipment due to long-term magnetic saturation.
After the dynamic and static adjustment processes described above are completed, the system will again enter a listening state.
According to the technical scheme, the ship heavy load starting auxiliary system provided by the embodiment of the invention combines the characteristic of sequential starting of ship electric loads, different heavy loads are started in batches, the requirement of starting all heavy loads of the whole ship can be met in time periods after a single heavy load starting auxiliary system with moderate capacity is started first, Y-delta starting, autotransformer starting, soft starting and other starting modes are not needed any more, the purchasing cost of equipment is greatly reduced, the layout space of electric equipment is saved, and more flexible combination and arrangement of power distribution equipment are facilitated; meanwhile, the reactive output of the synchronous motor is regulated by adopting a PWM frequency conversion mode, the dynamic response is rapid, and the short plates with poor instantaneous voltage regulation capability of the power grid can be well compensated; further, through the functional design of static regulation and optimization of the reactive power of the power grid, the transmission efficiency of the power grid can be improved, the burden of generator equipment can be properly reduced, and the economic benefit of the equipment can be prolonged; in addition, the rectifying equipment and the inversion equipment related in the technical scheme adopt a separated installation mode, so that the problem of heat dissipation of the electronic equipment is well solved.
The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims. Various modifications and equivalent arrangements of this invention will occur to those skilled in the art, and are intended to be within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A marine vessel heavy load start assist system, comprising:
the PWM inverter is used for carrying out voltage establishment on a ship power grid and obtaining a starting command by a system or at least one heavy-load starting signal, exciting an exciting winding of the synchronous motor in a corresponding set time or starting a dynamic quick response program according to heavy-load power parameters corresponding to the at least one heavy-load starting signal, and improving the exciting of the exciting winding of the synchronous motor to a budget value so that reactive power consumption increased by heavy-load starting corresponding to the at least one heavy-load starting signal is reversely and appropriately overlapped and offset with reactive power increment output by instantaneous over-excitation of the synchronous motor;
the exciter stator is used for receiving the frequency modulation voltage output by the PWM inverter and forming a rotating magnetic field in the winding, wherein the vector rotating speed of the magnetic field of the exciter stator is larger than the rotating speed of a motor shaft, and an exciter rotor on the motor shaft cuts the formed magnetic field at a set relative speed to provide exciting current for the exciting winding of the synchronous motor;
the rotary rectifier is used for receiving exciting current generated by the exciter rotor, converting the exciting current into direct current through the rectifier bridge and sending the direct current to the exciting winding of the synchronous motor, so that the exciting winding of the synchronous motor forms a stable N-S two-pole magnetic field around the exciting winding after receiving the direct current, and synchronous operation is involved in an alternating rotary magnetic field formed by the stator of the synchronous motor.
2. The marine heavy load start assist system of claim 1, further comprising:
the motor starting box is used for supplying power to the PWM inverter and the synchronous motor stator after the ship power grid builds voltage and the system obtains a starting command;
the PWM inverter is specifically for:
controlling an exciter electrical loop to establish preliminary starting excitation for an exciting winding of the synchronous motor in a first duration so that a stator of the synchronous motor can pull a preliminarily excited rotor into a rotating state after power is obtained;
the PWM inverter combines a power factor feedback signal of a power factor detection circuit, continuously adjusts the frequency of output voltage according to program setting, and excites an exciting winding of the synchronous motor through an exciter so as to enable the synchronous motor to be maintained in a working state with a power factor of 1.0 after the synchronous motor is detected by a rotating speed sensor to reach synchronization.
3. The marine heavy load start assist system of claim 2, further comprising:
the heavy load starting signal forwarding unit is used for receiving a heavy load starting command on the ship main power distribution cabinet in real time and sending the heavy load starting command to the PWM inverter through the first line, wherein the heavy load starting signal corresponding to the heavy load starting command is sent to the corresponding starter after delay processing of a second time length in the heavy load starting signal forwarding unit;
the PWM inverter is also specifically configured to:
receiving at least one reload starting signal through a first circuit, starting a dynamic quick response program in the second time period according to reload power parameters corresponding to the at least one reload starting signal, and improving excitation of an excitation winding of the synchronous motor to a budget value;
after the second duration, starting the heavy load corresponding to the at least one heavy load starting signal, and superposing and balancing the reactive power increment output by the instantaneous over-excitation of the synchronous motor and the reactive power consumption reverse vector added by the heavy load motor corresponding to the at least one heavy load starting signal;
thereafter, the PWM inverter gradually downshifts to restore the synchronous motor power factor to 1.0 in preparation for the next heavy duty start event.
4. A vessel heavy load start-up assistance system according to claim 3, characterised in that,
after the PWM inverter receives at least one heavy-load starting signal, the PWM inverter also receives a power factor deviation value of a power grid through a second circuit, obtains a rotating speed signal of a motor rotating shaft through a third circuit, obtains the current power factor of the synchronous motor through a power factor detection circuit, provides alternating voltage with proper frequency for an exciter stator through an inverter circuit after logic judgment and operation, and enables a rotating magnetic potential with the rotating speed being greater than the rotating speed of a motor shaft to be formed in the exciter stator winding, so that a stator magnetic field of a coaxial exciter and a rotor winding of the exciter can actively generate required relative cutting movement, and specific current is obtained in the exciter rotor winding.
5. The marine heavy load start-up assist system of claim 4,
the motor starting box comprises a motor starting and stopping control module and a rectifier; wherein,,
the motor start-stop control module realizes start-stop control of the synchronous motor through a first power line and a remote control start-stop line, supplies power to the synchronous motor stator, provides alternating current power input for the rectifier, and enables the synchronous motor stator to be powered after the rectifier is powered for the first time through delay control;
the motor start-stop control module is internally provided with a power factor meter which is used for transmitting the current power factor and the power value of the synchronous motor to the driving control module of the PWM inverter through a power factor detection circuit so as to perform corresponding logic control;
the rectifier is used for providing a direct current working power supply for the inverter.
6. The marine heavy duty start assist system of claim 5, further comprising:
the power factor deviation detection unit is used for periodically collecting power factors of the power grid, then calculating the power factors with a preset standard value, obtaining a deviation value, and sending the deviation value to the PWM inverter through a second line to trigger a reactive power regulation static response program;
the rotating speed sensor is used for collecting the rotating speed of the rotating shaft of the motor and sending the rotating speed to the PWM inverter through a third line so as to serve as a reference quantity for logic operation of the output frequency of the PWM inverter.
7. The marine heavy duty start-up assist system of claim 6,
the exciter rotor specifically cuts a magnetic field formed by the synchronous motor stator at a set relative speed DeltaV, and then determines an alternating voltage with a corresponding magnitude according to a formula E=B×L×DeltaV.
8. The marine heavy duty start-up assist system of claim 7,
the synchronous motor stator obtains voltage U from the power grid through a second power line, and after entering a synchronous operation state, the voltage U is matched with the power gridExciting magnetic potential E of exciting winding of synchronous motor rotor 0 The formed vector diagram, U phase angle lead E 0 Forming a positive power angle delta;
the exciting magnetic potential E of the exciting winding of the synchronous motor rotor under the condition of over-excitation 0 And the current I in the stator of the synchronous motor is promoted to lead the power grid voltage U by a phase angle phi when the current I is larger than the power grid voltage U.
9. The marine heavy duty start assist system of claim 8, further comprising:
an intermediate isolation chamber for physically insulating and isolating the synchronous motor stator and the synchronous motor rotor field windings from the exciter stator and the exciter rotor, which are coaxial.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211634462.XA CN116054668A (en) | 2022-12-19 | 2022-12-19 | Ship heavy load starting auxiliary system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211634462.XA CN116054668A (en) | 2022-12-19 | 2022-12-19 | Ship heavy load starting auxiliary system |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN116054668A true CN116054668A (en) | 2023-05-02 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202211634462.XA Pending CN116054668A (en) | 2022-12-19 | 2022-12-19 | Ship heavy load starting auxiliary system |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN116054668A (en) |
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- 2022-12-19 CN CN202211634462.XA patent/CN116054668A/en active Pending
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