CN116044379A - Well cementation quality monitoring system and monitoring method based on distributed optical fiber sensing technology - Google Patents
Well cementation quality monitoring system and monitoring method based on distributed optical fiber sensing technology Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116044379A CN116044379A CN202211443664.6A CN202211443664A CN116044379A CN 116044379 A CN116044379 A CN 116044379A CN 202211443664 A CN202211443664 A CN 202211443664A CN 116044379 A CN116044379 A CN 116044379A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- optical fiber
- optical cable
- real
- sleeve
- fiber sensing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 92
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- TVZRAEYQIKYCPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(trimethylsilyl)propane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)CCCS(O)(=O)=O TVZRAEYQIKYCPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010793 Steam injection (oil industry) Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001948 isotopic labelling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/005—Monitoring or checking of cementation quality or level
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a well cementation quality monitoring system and a well cementation quality monitoring method based on a distributed optical fiber sensing technology, which relate to the field of drilling and well completion technology, and oil and gas reservoir development.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of well drilling and well completion technologies and oil and gas reservoir development, in particular to a well cementation quality monitoring system and a well cementation quality monitoring method based on a distributed optical fiber sensing technology.
Background
Cementing is a construction operation of injecting cement into an annular space between a wellbore and a casing, and is also an essential element in the process of drilling and completing the well. The main purpose of well cementation is to seal and isolate the oil layer, gas layer and water layer in the well bore, protect the casing of the oil and gas well, increase the life of the oil and gas well and increase the oil and gas yield. The poor quality of well cementation is easy to cause the oil-water mixing in the well, which not only affects the subsequent operation, but also damages the ground stress balance of one area, thereby causing the damage of the large-area sleeve. Thus, well quality monitoring is highly necessary.
There are many methods of monitoring the quality of cementing in the prior art, such as: well temperature, isotope labeling, sonic, gamma density, etc., which have respective advantages and disadvantages.
The well cementation quality of the oil-water well is comprehensively analyzed by utilizing two well logging methods of gamma density and acoustic variable density, so that the defects of the other side can be complemented, and the problem of multiple solutions existing in well cementation quality monitoring is solved, for example:
1) Based on analyzing the micro-ring cause and the response thereof in acoustic logging and gamma density logging, an interpretation method for comprehensively evaluating the first and second interface micro-rings of well cementation is provided, wherein the acoustic logging is mainly used and the gamma density logging is assisted.
2) Aiming at the requirements of well cementation quality monitoring in well repair and other operations, gamma density well logging is used as a main part, acoustic logging is used as an auxiliary part, and an estimation method of the packing rate of the cement stones in the annular space of the sleeve and stratum and the compressive strength of the cement body is researched.
3) Aiming at the heretofore unsolved problem of evaluating the cementing state of the interface between cement and stratum in the well cementation quality monitoring, an evaluation method for comprehensively analyzing acoustic logging data, gamma density logging data and natural gamma logging data is provided.
4) In order to monitor the cement bond and the defect condition of the cement sheath Zhou Xiangshui outside the casing, a method for inverting the local defect of the cement sheath by using the eight-sector amplitude of the sector cement bond logging is researched, and the circumferential resolution capability of cement sheath monitoring is greatly improved.
The comprehensive interpretation of the well cementation quality gives out the first and second interface cementation conditions of well cementation, the filling rate and the compressive strength of cement stones and the circumferential missing angle of cement rings, and the interpretation result is more accurate and comprehensive than the previous interpretation result.
And, the downhole fiber optic sensing system may be used downhole to make measurements of pressure, temperature, noise, vibration, acoustic waves, seismic waves, flow, component analysis, electric and magnetic fields. The system is based on a fully armored optical cable structure, and the sensor, the connection cable and the data transmission cable are made of optical fibers. There are various methods for laying the armored optical cable on the ground and underground, such as laying the armored optical cable in a underground control pipeline, putting the armored optical cable into a coiled tubing, directly integrating the armored optical cable into the wall of the coiled tubing made of composite materials, binding and fixing the armored optical cable on the outer side of the coiled tubing, putting the armored optical cable into a sleeve, binding the armored optical cable on the outer side of the sleeve, and permanently fixing the armored optical cable with well cementation cement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a well cementation quality monitoring system and a well cementation quality monitoring method based on a distributed optical fiber sensing technology, wherein the well cementation quality monitoring system comprises an armored optical cable fixed on the outer side of a sleeve and a distributed optical fiber sensing composite modem instrument near a ground wellhead, the armored optical cable comprises a single mode optical fiber with high temperature resistance and high sensitivity, two multimode optical fibers and a strain sensitive optical cable, the single mode optical fiber at the head end of the armored optical cable, the multimode optical fiber and the strain sensitive optical cable are respectively connected to a DAS port, a DTS port and a DSS port of the distributed optical fiber sensing composite modem instrument, the acquired signals are processed in real time through real-time acquisition of DAS, DTS and DSS signals, and the well cementation quality can be monitored in real time in the well cementation operation process and after the well cementation is completed.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following scheme:
the well cementation quality monitoring system based on the distributed optical fiber sensing technology comprises an open hole drilling hole, a sleeve, an armored optical cable fixed at the outer side of the sleeve, an annular metal clip for fixing the armored optical cable at the outer side of the sleeve and a distributed optical fiber sensing composite modem instrument near the wellhead of the ground,
the armored optical cable comprises a single mode fiber with high temperature resistance and high sensitivity, two multimode fibers and a strain sensitive optical cable, wherein the single mode fiber, the multimode fibers and the strain sensitive optical cable at the head end of the armored optical cable are respectively connected to a DAS port, a DTS port and a DSS port of the distributed optical fiber sensing composite modem instrument.
Furthermore, the single-mode fiber is a single-mode fiber with high temperature resistance, hydrogen loss resistance, insensitive bending, high reflection coefficient and high sensitivity, and the tail end of the single-mode fiber is provided with a delustrer.
Furthermore, the multimode fibers are multimode fibers with high temperature resistance, hydrogen loss resistance, insensitive bending, high reflection coefficient and high sensitivity, and the tail ends of the two multimode fibers are welded into a U-shaped structure for high-precision DTS temperature measurement under a double-end input state.
Furthermore, the strain sensitive optical cable is formed by wrapping a high-temperature-resistant high-strength composite material M outside a single-mode optical fiber which is high in temperature resistance, hydrogen loss resistance, bending insensitivity, high reflection coefficient and high sensitivity.
Further, the armored optical cable comprises an optical fiber sensing unit A and an optical fiber sensing unit B,
the optical fiber sensing unit A is internally provided with a single-mode optical fiber and two multimode optical fibers, and is arranged in a stainless steel tube, the stainless steel tube is filled with high-temperature resistant optical fiber paste,
the optical fiber sensing unit B is internally provided with a strain sensitive optical cable in a tightly packaged stainless steel tube,
the optical fiber sensing unit A and the optical fiber sensing unit B are externally extruded with a high-temperature-resistant high-strength composite material N so that the armored optical cable is flat.
Further, the stainless steel tube is a fine stainless steel tube with a diameter of 1mm or 2 mm.
A well cementation quality monitoring method based on a distributed optical fiber sensing technology comprises the following steps:
a. completing drilling operation of open hole drilling;
b. paving an armored optical cable on the outer side of a sleeve suspended above a wellhead;
c. the armored optical cable is fixed on the outer side of the sleeve at equal intervals by using annular metal clips, and the interval between the two annular metal clips can be 5-10 meters;
d. slowly lowering the sleeve with the armored optical cable fixed on the outer side into the bottom of the open hole borehole;
e. after the cable is lowered to the bottom of a well, a single mode fiber at the head end of an armored cable at the well head, multimode fibers with two tail ends welded into a U-shaped structure and a strain sensitive cable are respectively connected to a DAS port, a DTS port and a DSS port of a distributed optical fiber sensing composite modem instrument near the well head on the ground;
f. starting a distributed optical fiber sensing composite modem instrument, testing whether all optical fibers in an armored optical cable are intact on line, and then starting to acquire DAS, DTS and DSS signals in the armored optical cable in real time;
g. then, high-pressure well cementation cement slurry is injected into the bottom of a well through a well drilling tubular column which is lowered into the casing by a high-pressure slurry pump, the high-pressure well cementation cement slurry slowly returns to the well head along the annular space between the well wall of the open hole drilling well and the outer side of the casing, an armored optical cable and the well wall of the open hole drilling well are firmly solidified together after the high-pressure well cementation cement slurry is solidified;
h. the method comprises the steps of performing real-time processing on DAS, DTS and DSS signals measured in real time in the well cementation operation process, and monitoring, judging and evaluating the quality, integrity and firmness of well cementation cement outside a casing in real time according to the real-time change of noise intensity and frequency of underground fluid, the real-time change of temperature and temperature gradient outside the casing, the real-time change of stratum stress/stratum stress gradient and the real-time change of pressure/pressure gradient of fluid in stratum pores;
i. when the underground noise, temperature and stress or pressure are abnormal, alarming in time, reminding a well completion and cementing engineer of timely adjusting the well cementation operation flow, ensuring that the cement bond of a first interface and a second interface of well cementation is good, the filling rate and the compressive strength of cement stones meet the well cementation quality requirement, checking the plugging effect between production layers, ensuring that the situation of poor cement bond and missing of the circumference of a cement collar outside a sleeve is avoided, and completing the well cementation operation of the whole well section with high quality;
j. after the well cementation operation is finished, continuously utilizing an armored optical cable and a distributed optical fiber sensing composite modem instrument to dynamically monitor the integrity of the cement sheath and the sleeve on the outer side of the sleeve in real time for a long time;
k. the distributed optical fiber sensing composite modem instrument continuously collects DAS, DTS and DSS signals along the armored optical cable outside the sleeve in real time;
l, when perforating and hydraulic fracturing operations are carried out on an oil gas production reservoir or a water injection and steam injection driving oil gas migration stratum, DAS, DTS and DSS signals of armored optical cables at the outer side of the measuring sleeve are acquired in real time according to the step k;
m, carrying out real-time treatment on DAS, DTS and DSS signals acquired and measured in real time in the step l, monitoring operation processes of perforation and hydraulic fracturing in real time according to real-time change of flow noise intensity and frequency of fracturing fluid injected in a downhole fracturing section, real-time change of temperature and temperature gradient of the fracturing section and real-time change of ground stress/ground stress gradient or pressure/pressure gradient, realizing real-time online evaluation of the transformation effect of the hydraulic fracturing on a reservoir, knowing perforation results of each perforation cluster, injection quantity and injection speed of fracturing fluid, opening time and extension degree of a crack, and the effect of temporary plugging agent, optimizing a hydraulic fracturing operation scheme in real time, adjusting hydraulic fracturing operation parameters, and realizing optimal hydraulic fracturing transformation effect of the reservoir;
n, continuously implementing long-term dynamic real-time monitoring on the integrity of the cement sheath and the casing outside the casing by using an armored optical cable and a distributed optical fiber sensing composite modem instrument at the outside of the casing after the underground oil gas production or water injection and steam injection operation enters a stable stage, performing real-time processing on DAS, DTS and DSS signals measured in real time in the step k, and monitoring the integrity of the cement sheath outside the casing in the oil gas production process or the water injection and steam injection process, the cement cementing condition of the first cementing interface and the second cementing interface, the plugging effect between oil gas production layers, and deformation or sleeve loss of the casing under the action of underground stress strain or fluid pressure according to the real-time change of underground noise intensity and frequency, the real-time change of temperature and temperature gradient and the real-time change of ground stress/ground stress gradient or pressure/pressure gradient.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a well cementation quality monitoring system and a well cementation quality monitoring method based on a distributed optical fiber sensing technology. The armored optical cable is internally provided with a single-mode fiber with high temperature resistance and high sensitivity, a multimode fiber with two tail ends welded into a U-shaped structure and a strain sensitive optical cable, and the single-mode fiber, the multimode fiber and the strain sensitive optical cable at the head end of the armored optical cable are respectively connected to a DAS port, a DTS port and a DSS port of the distributed optical fiber sensing composite modem instrument.
In the well cementation operation process, real-time processing is carried out on DAS, DTS and DSS signals acquired and measured in real time, and the quality, the integrity and the firmness of the well cementation cement on the outer wall of the casing are monitored, judged and evaluated in real time according to the real-time change of the noise intensity and the frequency of the underground fluid, the real-time change of the temperature gradient outside the casing, the real-time change of the formation stress/the formation stress gradient and the real-time change of the pressure/the pressure gradient of the fluid in the formation pore;
when perforating and hydraulic fracturing operations are carried out on an oil gas production reservoir or a water injection and steam injection driven oil gas migration stratum, real-time processing is carried out on DAS, DTS and DSS signals which are acquired and measured in real time, the operation process of perforation and hydraulic fracturing is monitored in real time according to the real-time change of the flowing noise intensity and frequency of fracturing fluid injected into the underground fracturing segment, the real-time change of the temperature and temperature gradient of the fracturing segment and the real-time change of the ground stress/ground stress gradient or the pressure/pressure gradient, the transformation effect of the hydraulic fracturing on the reservoir is evaluated in real time on line, the perforation result of each perforation cluster, the injection quantity and injection speed of fracturing fluid, the opening time and the extending degree of a crack are known, the action effect of a temporary plugging agent is obtained, the hydraulic fracturing operation scheme is optimized in real time, the hydraulic fracturing operation parameters are adjusted, and the optimal reservoir fracturing transformation effect is achieved.
After the well cementation operation is finished, the system continuously monitors the temperature and the change of the whole well section outside the sleeve, the change of liquid or gas flowing noise, the formation stress and the change of the formation stress and the pressure and the change of fluid in the formation pores in real time, judges and evaluates the quality, the integrity and the firmness of the high-pressure well cementation cement outside the sleeve in real time, and monitors the change, the damage, the interlayer series flow and the deformation or the damage of the high-pressure well cementation cement outside the sleeve after well cementation in real time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure within an armored fiber optic cable of the present invention;
reference numerals illustrate: 1-naked-eye drilling, 2-casing, 3-armored optical cable, 4-high-pressure slurry pump, 5-high-pressure well cementation cement paste, 6-annular metal clip, 7-distributed optical fiber sensing composite modem instrument, 8-single mode optical fiber, 9-multimode optical fiber, 10-strain sensitive optical cable, 11-extinction device, 12-U-shaped structure, 13-high-temperature resistant high-strength composite material M, 14-stainless steel tube, 15-high-temperature resistant optical fiber paste and 16-high-temperature resistant high-strength composite material N.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The relative arrangement of the components and steps, numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless it is specifically stated otherwise.
Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective parts shown in the drawings are not drawn in actual scale for convenience of description.
In addition, descriptions of well-known structures, functions and configurations may be omitted for clarity and conciseness. Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications of the examples described herein can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but should be considered part of the specification where appropriate.
In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values should be construed as merely illustrative, and not a limitation. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.
The invention is described in detail below by reference to the attached drawings and in connection with the embodiments:
the invention provides a well cementation quality monitoring system and a well cementation quality monitoring method based on a distributed optical fiber sensing technology, which are used for measuring and monitoring the temperature and the change of a full well section outside a casing, the change of liquid or gas flowing noise, the formation stress and the change of the formation stress and the pressure of fluid in a formation pore and the change of the formation in real time, judging and evaluating the quality, the integrity and the firmness of high-pressure well cementation cement outside the casing in real time, and monitoring the change, the damage, the interlayer series flow and the deformation or the damage of the high-pressure well cementation cement outside the casing after well cementation in real time.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the well cementation quality monitoring system based on the distributed optical fiber sensing technology comprises an open hole drilling hole 1, a sleeve 2, an armored optical cable 3 fixed on the outer side of the sleeve 2, an annular metal clip 6 for fixing the armored optical cable 3 on the outer side of the sleeve 2 and a distributed optical fiber sensing composite modem instrument 7 near a ground wellhead,
the armored optical cable 3 comprises a single-mode optical fiber 8 with high temperature resistance and high sensitivity, two multimode optical fibers 9 and a strain sensitive optical cable 10, and the single-mode optical fiber 8, the multimode optical fiber 9 and the strain sensitive optical cable 10 at the head end of the armored optical cable 3 are respectively connected to a DAS port, a DTS port and a DSS port of the distributed optical fiber sensing composite modem instrument 7.
Specifically, the single-mode fiber 8 at the head end of the armored optical cable 3 is connected with the DAS port of the distributed optical fiber sensing composite modem instrument 7, the multimode optical fiber 9 at the head end of the armored optical cable 3 is connected with the DTS port of the distributed optical fiber sensing composite modem instrument 7, and the strain sensitive optical cable 10 at the head end of the armored optical cable 3 is connected with the DSS port of the distributed optical fiber sensing composite modem instrument 7.
The single-mode fiber 8 is a single-mode fiber 8 with high temperature resistance, hydrogen loss resistance, insensitive bending, high reflection coefficient and high sensitivity, and a delustrer 11 is arranged at the tail end of the single-mode fiber 8.
The multimode optical fibers 9 are multimode optical fibers 9 with high temperature resistance, hydrogen loss resistance, insensitive bending, high reflection coefficient and high sensitivity, and the tail ends of the two multimode optical fibers 9 are welded into a U-shaped structure 12 for high-precision DTS temperature measurement under a double-end input state.
The strain sensitive optical cable 10 is formed by wrapping a high-temperature-resistant high-strength composite material M outside a single-mode optical fiber 8 which is high in temperature resistance, hydrogen loss resistance, bending insensitivity, high reflection coefficient and high sensitivity.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, the armored optical cable 3 includes an optical fiber sensing unit a and an optical fiber sensing unit B;
the optical fiber sensing unit A is internally provided with a single-mode optical fiber 8 and two multimode optical fibers 9, and is arranged in a stainless steel tube 14, and the stainless steel tube 14 is filled with high-temperature-resistant optical fiber paste 15;
the optical fiber sensing unit B is internally provided with a strain sensitive optical cable 10 tightly and hermetically arranged in the stainless steel pipe 14, so that the stress or the fluid pressure of various fluids in underground rock or rock pores acting on the outer side of the strain sensitive optical cable 10 can be easily sensed;
the optical fiber sensing unit A and the optical fiber sensing unit B are externally extruded with a high-temperature-resistant high-strength composite material N16, so that the armored optical cable 3 is flat.
Further, the stainless steel pipe 14 is a thin stainless steel pipe having a diameter of 1mm or 2 mm.
Specifically, the distributed optical fiber sensing composite modem instrument 7 is started before the well cementation operation.
The high-pressure well cementation cement paste 5 induced by the single-mode optical fiber 8, the multimode optical fiber 9 and the strain sensitive optical cable 10 in the armored optical cable 3 outside the sleeve 2 is continuously measured in real time during well cementation operation, and the changes of noise, temperature, stress and pressure applied to the armored optical cable 3 are measured. According to the real-time measurement and monitoring of the changes of fluid noise, temperature, stress and pressure along the outer side of the sleeve 2, the returning process of the high-pressure well cementation cement slurry 5 is monitored in real time, the distribution state of the high-pressure well cementation cement slurry 5 in the annular space between the wall of the open hole drilling 1 and the outer side of the sleeve 2 is monitored, the situation of solidification and cementation of the high-pressure well cementation cement slurry 5 is ensured, the well cementation quality is good, and the sleeve 2 is free from damage.
After the completion of the cementing operation, the system continues to monitor in real time the temperature outside the casing 2, the noise of the liquid or gas flow outside the casing 2, and the formation stress felt outside the casing 2 or the pressure of the fluid within the formation pores.
According to the temperature and the change thereof, the fluid noise change, the formation stress and the change thereof and the pressure and the change thereof of fluid in formation pores on the outer side of the whole well Duan Taoguan 2 which are measured/monitored in real time, the quality, the integrity and the firmness of the high-pressure well cementation cement on the outer side of the casing 2 during well cementation operation are judged and evaluated in real time, and the change, the damage, the interlayer series flow and the deformation or the damage of the high-pressure well cementation cement on the outer side of the casing 2 after well cementation are monitored in real time.
Example 2
A well cementation quality monitoring method based on a distributed optical fiber sensing technology comprises the following steps:
a. completing the drilling operation of the open hole drilling 1;
b. paving an armored optical cable 3 outside the sleeve 2 suspended above the wellhead;
c. the armored optical cable 3 is fixed on the outer side of the sleeve 2 by using annular metal clips 6 at equal intervals, and the interval between the two annular metal clips 6 can be 5 meters to 10 meters;
d. slowly lowering the sleeve 2 with the armored optical cable 3 fixed on the outer side into the bottom of the open hole drilling hole 1;
e. after the cable is lowered to the bottom of a well, a single-mode fiber 8 at the head end of an armored optical cable 3 at the well head and two multimode optical fibers 9 and strain sensitive optical cables 10 with U-shaped structures 12 are welded to a DAS port, a DTS port and a DSS port of a distributed optical fiber sensing composite modem instrument 7 near the well head on the ground respectively;
f. starting a distributed optical fiber sensing composite modem instrument 7, testing whether all optical fibers in the armored optical cable 3 are intact on line, and then starting to acquire DAS, DTS and DSS signals in the armored optical cable 3 in real time;
g. then, high-pressure well cementation cement slurry 5 is injected into the bottom of a well through a well drilling tubular column which is lowered into the casing 2 at a well head, the high-pressure well cementation cement slurry 5 slowly returns to the well head along the annular space between the well wall of the open hole drilling 1 and the outer side of the casing 2, the armored optical cable 3 and the well wall of the open hole drilling 1 are firmly solidified together after the high-pressure well cementation cement slurry 5 is solidified;
h. the method comprises the steps of performing real-time processing on DAS, DTS and DSS signals measured in real time in the well cementation operation process, and monitoring, judging and evaluating the quality, integrity and firmness of high-pressure well cementation cement outside the casing 2 in real time according to the real-time change of the noise intensity and frequency of underground fluid, the real-time change of the temperature and the temperature gradient outside the casing 2, the real-time change of the stratum stress/the stratum stress gradient and the real-time change of the pressure/the pressure gradient of fluid in stratum pores;
i. when the underground noise, temperature and stress or pressure are abnormal, alarming in time, reminding a well completion and cementing engineer of timely adjusting the well cementation operation flow, ensuring that the cement bond of a first interface and a second interface of well cementation is good, the filling rate and the compressive strength of cement stones meet the well cementation quality requirement, checking the plugging effect between production layers, ensuring that the situation of poor cement bond and missing of the cement ring on the periphery of the cement ring on the outer side of the sleeve 2 does not occur, and completing the well cementation operation of the whole well section with high quality;
j. after the well cementation operation is finished, continuously utilizing the armored optical cable 3 and the distributed optical fiber sensing composite modem instrument 7 to dynamically monitor the integrity of the cement sheath and the sleeve 2 outside the sleeve 2 in real time for a long time;
k. the distributed optical fiber sensing composite modem instrument 7 continuously collects DAS, DTS and DSS signals along the armored optical cable 3 outside the sleeve 2 in real time;
l, when perforating and hydraulic fracturing operations are carried out on an oil gas production reservoir or a water injection and steam injection driven oil gas migration stratum, DAS, DTS and DSS signals of an armored optical cable 3 on the outer side of the measuring sleeve 2 are acquired in real time according to the step k;
m, carrying out real-time treatment on DAS, DTS and DSS signals acquired and measured in real time in the step l, monitoring operation processes of perforation and hydraulic fracturing in real time according to real-time change of flow noise intensity and frequency of fracturing fluid injected in a downhole fracturing section, real-time change of temperature and temperature gradient of the fracturing section and real-time change of ground stress/ground stress gradient or pressure/pressure gradient, realizing real-time online evaluation of the transformation effect of the hydraulic fracturing on a reservoir, knowing perforation results of each perforation cluster, injection quantity and injection speed of fracturing fluid, opening time and extension degree of a crack, and the effect of temporary plugging agent, optimizing a hydraulic fracturing operation scheme in real time, adjusting hydraulic fracturing operation parameters, and realizing optimal hydraulic fracturing transformation effect of the reservoir;
n, after the underground oil gas production or water injection and steam injection operation enters a stable stage, continuously implementing long-term dynamic real-time monitoring on the integrity of the cement sheath and the sleeve 2 outside the sleeve 2 by utilizing the armored optical cable 3 and the distributed optical fiber sensing composite modem instrument 7 outside the sleeve 2, performing real-time processing on DAS, DTS and DSS signals measured in real time in the step k, and monitoring the integrity of the cement sheath outside the sleeve 2 in the oil gas production process or the water injection and steam injection process, the cementing condition of the first cement cementing interface and the second cement cementing interface, the plugging effect between oil gas production layers, interlayer series flow, and deformation or sleeve loss of the sleeve 2 under the action of underground stress strain or fluid pressure in real time according to the real-time change of the underground noise intensity and frequency, the real-time change of temperature and ground stress/ground stress gradient or the real-time change of pressure/pressure gradient.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the invention is not intended to limit the invention in any way, but rather to cover all modifications, equivalents, improvements and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The well cementation quality monitoring system based on the distributed optical fiber sensing technology is characterized by comprising an open hole drilling hole (1), a sleeve (2), an armored optical cable (3) fixed on the outer side of the sleeve (2), an annular metal clamp (6) for fixing the armored optical cable (3) on the outer side of the sleeve (2) and a distributed optical fiber sensing composite modem instrument (7) near a ground wellhead,
the armored optical cable (3) comprises a single-mode optical fiber (8) with high temperature resistance and high sensitivity, two multimode optical fibers (9) and a strain sensitive optical cable (10), and the single-mode optical fiber (8), the multimode optical fiber (9) and the strain sensitive optical cable (10) at the head end of the armored optical cable (3) are respectively connected to a DAS port, a DTS port and a DSS port of the distributed optical fiber sensing composite modem instrument (7).
2. The well cementation quality monitoring system based on the distributed optical fiber sensing technology according to claim 1, wherein the single-mode optical fiber (8) is a single-mode optical fiber (8) with high temperature resistance, hydrogen loss resistance, bending insensitivity, high reflection coefficient and high sensitivity, and a delustrer (11) is installed at the tail end of the single-mode optical fiber (8).
3. The well cementation quality monitoring system based on the distributed optical fiber sensing technology according to claim 1, wherein the multimode optical fibers (9) are multimode optical fibers (9) with high temperature resistance, hydrogen loss resistance, bending insensitivity, high reflection coefficient and high sensitivity, and tail ends of the two multimode optical fibers (9) are welded into a U-shaped structure (12) for high-precision DTS temperature measurement under a double-end input state.
4. A well cementation quality monitoring system based on distributed optical fiber sensing technology according to claim 1, wherein the strain sensitive optical cable (10) is formed by wrapping a high temperature resistant high strength composite material M (13) outside a single mode optical fiber (8) which is resistant to high temperature, hydrogen loss, bending insensitivity, high reflection coefficient and high sensitivity.
5. The well cementation quality monitoring system based on the distributed optical fiber sensing technology according to claim 1, wherein the armored optical cable (3) comprises an optical fiber sensing unit A and an optical fiber sensing unit B,
the optical fiber sensing unit A is internally provided with a single-mode optical fiber (8) and two multimode optical fibers (9) and is arranged in a stainless steel tube (14), the stainless steel tube (14) is filled with high-temperature resistant optical fiber paste (15),
the optical fiber sensing unit B is internally provided with a strain sensitive optical cable (10) in a tightly packaged stainless steel tube (14),
the optical fiber sensing unit A and the optical fiber sensing unit B are externally extruded with a high-temperature-resistant high-strength composite material N (16) so that the armored optical cable (3) is flat.
6. A cementing quality monitoring system based on distributed optical fiber sensing technology according to claim 5, wherein the stainless steel tube (14) is a thin stainless steel tube of 1mm or 2mm diameter.
7. The well cementation quality monitoring method based on the distributed optical fiber sensing technology is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a. completing the drilling operation of the open hole drilling (1);
b. paving an armored optical cable (3) outside a sleeve (2) suspended above a wellhead;
c. the armored optical cable (3) is fixed on the outer side of the sleeve (2) at equal intervals by using annular metal clips (6), and the interval between the two annular metal clips (6) is 5-10 meters;
d. slowly lowering a sleeve (2) with an armored optical cable (3) fixed on the outer side into the bottom of an open hole borehole (1);
e. after the cable is lowered to the bottom of a well, a single-mode fiber (8) at the head end of an armored optical cable (3) at the well head, multimode fibers (9) with two tail ends welded into a U-shaped structure (12) and a strain sensitive optical cable (10) are respectively connected to a DAS port, a DTS port and a DSS port of a distributed optical fiber sensing composite modem instrument (7) near the well head of the ground;
f. starting a distributed optical fiber sensing composite modem instrument (7), testing whether all optical fibers in the armored optical cable (3) are intact on line, and then starting to acquire DAS, DTS and DSS signals in the armored optical cable (3) in real time;
g. then, high-pressure well cementation cement slurry (5) is injected into the bottom of a well through a well drilling tubular column which is lowered into the casing (2) at a well head, the high-pressure well cementation cement slurry (5) returns to the well head along the annular space between the wall of the open hole drilling hole (1) and the outer side of the casing (2), the armored optical cable (3) and the wall of the open hole drilling hole (1) are solidified together after the high-pressure well cementation cement slurry (5) is solidified;
h. the method comprises the steps of performing real-time processing on DAS, DTS and DSS signals measured in real time in the well cementation operation process, and monitoring, judging and evaluating the quality, integrity and firmness of high-pressure well cementation cement outside the casing (2) in real time according to the real-time change of noise intensity and frequency of underground fluid, the real-time change of temperature and temperature gradient outside the casing (2), the real-time change of stratum stress/stratum stress gradient and the real-time change of pressure/pressure gradient of fluid in stratum pores;
i. when the underground noise, temperature and stress or pressure are abnormal, alarming in time, reminding a well completion and cementing engineer of timely adjusting the well cementation operation flow, ensuring that the cement bond of a first interface and a second interface of well cementation is good, the filling rate and the compressive strength of cement stones meet the well cementation quality requirement, checking the plugging effect between production layers, ensuring that the situation of poor cement bond and missing of the cement ring circumference on the outer side of a sleeve (2) does not occur, and completing the well cementation operation of the whole well section with high quality;
j. after the well cementation operation is finished, continuously utilizing an armored optical cable (3) and a distributed optical fiber sensing composite modem instrument (7) to dynamically monitor the integrity of a cement sheath and the integrity of the sleeve (2) at the outer side of the sleeve (2) in real time for a long time;
k. the distributed optical fiber sensing composite modem instrument (7) continuously collects DAS, DTS and DSS signals along the armored optical cable (3) at the outer side of the sleeve (2) in real time;
l, when perforating and hydraulic fracturing operations are carried out on an oil gas production reservoir or a water injection and steam injection driven oil gas migration reservoir section, DAS, DTS and DSS signals of an armored optical cable (3) on the outer side of a measuring sleeve (2) are acquired in real time according to the step k;
m, carrying out real-time treatment on DAS, DTS and DSS signals acquired and measured in real time in the step l, monitoring operation processes of perforation and hydraulic fracturing in real time according to real-time change of flow noise intensity and frequency of fracturing fluid injected in a downhole fracturing section, real-time change of temperature and temperature gradient of the fracturing section and real-time change of ground stress/ground stress gradient or pressure/pressure gradient, realizing real-time online evaluation of the transformation effect of the hydraulic fracturing on a reservoir, knowing perforation results of each perforation cluster, injection quantity and injection speed of fracturing fluid, opening time and extension degree of a crack, and the effect of temporary plugging agent, optimizing a hydraulic fracturing operation scheme in real time, adjusting hydraulic fracturing operation parameters, and realizing optimal hydraulic fracturing transformation effect of the reservoir;
n, continuously implementing long-term dynamic real-time monitoring on the integrity of the cement ring outside the sleeve (2) and the sleeve (2) by utilizing an armored optical cable (3) outside the sleeve (2) and a distributed optical fiber sensing composite modem instrument (7) after the underground oil gas production or water injection and steam injection operation enters a stable stage, performing real-time processing on DAS, DTS and DSS signals measured in real time in the step k, and monitoring the integrity of the cement ring outside the sleeve (2) in the oil gas production process or the water injection and steam injection process, the cement cementing condition of a first cementing interface and a second cementing interface, the plugging effect between oil gas production layers, interlayer streaming, and deformation or sleeve loss generated by the sleeve (2) under the action of underground stress strain or fluid pressure in real time.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211443664.6A CN116044379A (en) | 2022-11-18 | 2022-11-18 | Well cementation quality monitoring system and monitoring method based on distributed optical fiber sensing technology |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211443664.6A CN116044379A (en) | 2022-11-18 | 2022-11-18 | Well cementation quality monitoring system and monitoring method based on distributed optical fiber sensing technology |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN116044379A true CN116044379A (en) | 2023-05-02 |
Family
ID=86128436
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211443664.6A Pending CN116044379A (en) | 2022-11-18 | 2022-11-18 | Well cementation quality monitoring system and monitoring method based on distributed optical fiber sensing technology |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN116044379A (en) |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110541702A (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2019-12-06 | 中油奥博(成都)科技有限公司 | underground fluid distribution monitoring system and method based on distributed optical fiber sensing |
| CN111456716A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-07-28 | 中油奥博(成都)科技有限公司 | Underground strain distribution monitoring system and method based on distributed optical fiber sensing |
| CN111636861A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-09-08 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Experimental device for well cementation cement sheath sealing integrity real-time supervision |
| CN111648762A (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2020-09-11 | 中油奥博(成都)科技有限公司 | Special distributed armored optical cable for underground long-term dynamic monitoring and monitoring system and method |
| CN112647936A (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2021-04-13 | 中油奥博(成都)科技有限公司 | Optimized oil reservoir development data acquisition system and method based on distributed optical fiber sensing |
| CN112780256A (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2021-05-11 | 中油奥博(成都)科技有限公司 | Horizontal well microseism monitoring system and method based on distributed optical fiber sensing |
| CN113847019A (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2021-12-28 | 中油奥博(成都)科技有限公司 | Seismic and geological engineering integrated data acquisition system and method based on optical fiber sensing |
| CN114152371A (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2022-03-08 | 中油奥博(成都)科技有限公司 | Underground stress field measuring device and method based on distributed spiral armored optical cable |
-
2022
- 2022-11-18 CN CN202211443664.6A patent/CN116044379A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110541702A (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2019-12-06 | 中油奥博(成都)科技有限公司 | underground fluid distribution monitoring system and method based on distributed optical fiber sensing |
| CN111456716A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-07-28 | 中油奥博(成都)科技有限公司 | Underground strain distribution monitoring system and method based on distributed optical fiber sensing |
| CN111648762A (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2020-09-11 | 中油奥博(成都)科技有限公司 | Special distributed armored optical cable for underground long-term dynamic monitoring and monitoring system and method |
| CN111636861A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-09-08 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Experimental device for well cementation cement sheath sealing integrity real-time supervision |
| CN112647936A (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2021-04-13 | 中油奥博(成都)科技有限公司 | Optimized oil reservoir development data acquisition system and method based on distributed optical fiber sensing |
| CN112780256A (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2021-05-11 | 中油奥博(成都)科技有限公司 | Horizontal well microseism monitoring system and method based on distributed optical fiber sensing |
| CN113847019A (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2021-12-28 | 中油奥博(成都)科技有限公司 | Seismic and geological engineering integrated data acquisition system and method based on optical fiber sensing |
| CN114152371A (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2022-03-08 | 中油奥博(成都)科技有限公司 | Underground stress field measuring device and method based on distributed spiral armored optical cable |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN110541702B (en) | Underground fluid distribution monitoring system and method based on distributed optical fiber sensing | |
| CA2770293C (en) | Systems and methods for monitoring a well | |
| US8776609B2 (en) | Use of fiber optics to monitor cement quality | |
| RU2169838C2 (en) | System testing borehole | |
| AU2010279466B2 (en) | Systems and methods for monitoring a well | |
| CN112780256B (en) | Horizontal well microseism monitoring system and monitoring method based on distributed optical fiber sensing | |
| US20130336612A1 (en) | Integrated fiber optic monitoring system for a wellsite and method of using same | |
| CN111648762B (en) | Underground long-term dynamic monitoring special distributed armored optical cable and monitoring system and method | |
| CN210598961U (en) | Underground fluid distribution monitoring system based on distributed optical fiber sensing | |
| CN103518123A (en) | Integrity monitoring of conduits | |
| CN113484912A (en) | Shale oil gas optical fiber intelligent geophysical data acquisition system and acquisition method | |
| AU2010279468B2 (en) | Systems and methods for monitoring corrosion in a well | |
| CN113568037B (en) | Earthquake and geological disaster monitoring system and monitoring method based on optical fiber sensing technology | |
| CN111636861B (en) | Experimental device for well cementation cement sheath sealing integrity real-time supervision | |
| Karaman et al. | A field trial to test fiber optic sensors for downhole temperature and pressure measurements, West Coalinga Field, California | |
| WO2023024364A1 (en) | Underground fluid pressure measurement system based on continuous grating optical fiber, and measurement method | |
| WO2011017415A2 (en) | Systems and methods for monitoring cement quality in a well | |
| CA2209306A1 (en) | Method for determining closure of a hydraulically induced in-situ fracture | |
| CN116044379A (en) | Well cementation quality monitoring system and monitoring method based on distributed optical fiber sensing technology | |
| CN212454394U (en) | Special distributed armored optical cable for underground long-term dynamic monitoring and monitoring system | |
| Chen et al. | Real-time down-hole monitoring of gas injection profile using fibre-optic distribute temperature and acoustic sensing in tarim | |
| Bruno et al. | Use of Fiber Optic Distributed Acoustic Sensing for Measuring Hydraulic Connectivity for Geothermal Applications | |
| CN116398120A (en) | Downhole casing quality monitoring system and method based on optical fiber sensing technology | |
| WO2024098899A1 (en) | Oil well fiber-optic multi-parameter testing method and apparatus | |
| RU2672073C2 (en) | Complex device for well surveying |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |