CN116044106A - 一种装配式相变保温装饰板一体化施工方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种装配式相变保温装饰板一体化施工方法,包括以下步骤:S1、基于BIM对外墙装饰面排版;S2、相变保温装饰板加工制作、运输;S3、现场放线;S4、配置粘结剂砂浆;S5、安装首层板托架;S6、安装粘贴凹型、凸型相变保温装饰板;S7、安装纵向锚固件;S8、纵向板缝处理及板面清洁;S9、竣工验收。本发明采用装配式相变保温、装饰一体化设计,具有施工简单、操作简单、施工周期短等特点;板缝采用嵌缝泡沫材料填充,中性耐候硅酮密封胶进行防水密封处理,避免了板缝冷热桥和雨水渗透,具有抗风压耐老化,抗冻融等性能,同时采用粘贴加锚固及底层加固进行施工,具有安全性高、保温板安装更牢固、锚固牢固的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑技术领域,具体涉及一种装配式相变保温装饰板一体化施工方法。
背景技术
随着我国经济水平的日益发展,我国建筑行业得到了蓬勃的发展,建筑外墙外保温因具有内保温不可比拟的优势,近几年被国家指定为大力推广的建筑节能新技术。外墙外保温适用的材料较多,比如聚苯乙烯泡沫板、岩棉板、各种复合保温浆料板等,但是这些材料本身在导热系数、保温效果、强度、耐久性等方面都各自有其优缺点,不能保证功能的整体性。尤其是因其处于外墙外立面,受环境热胀冷缩、雨雪、台风等恶劣天气的影响,造成外墙裂缝,更严重的甚至会使外墙的整个保温***剥离脱落或引发火灾,造成非常恶劣的影响。
目前,相变保温墙体具备A级防火不燃性能,本身具备着自动调温、蓄热节能性能显著和优越,可通过不同温度相变点16-26℃自动调节居室温度,提高建筑室内舒适度,降低空调或采暖***的运行维护费用,实现低碳环保效益,符合国家绿色低碳的政策导向,是最有望成为“低碳经济时代”建筑墙体材料之低碳节能先锋。在安装时,需要根据具体的作业情况制定施工工艺,但是现有技术中,对于装配式蜂窝空腔相变保温装饰板的施工方法一般为外墙抹灰及挤塑聚苯乙烯泡沫板粘贴的施工方法,该方法的施工期间需要挂网,施工过程较为繁琐,而且施工工期较长,竣工后会产生较多开裂现象,而且当墙板使用时间一长,粘贴的黏性会降低,也会存在墙板从墙体上脱落的风险。因此,发明一种相变保温装饰板的安装施工方法很有必要。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种装配式相变保温装饰板一体化施工方法,节约了施工工期,施工简便,同时降低了材料消耗和加工成本,克服了传统保温板施工工艺的不足。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明的实施例提供一种装配式相变保温装饰板一体化施工方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、基于BIM对外墙装饰面排版;
S2、相变保温装饰板加工制作、运输;
S3、现场放线;
S4、配置粘结剂砂浆;
S5、安装首层板托架;
S6、安装、粘贴凹型、凸型相变保温装饰板;
S7、安装纵向锚固件;
S8、纵向板缝处理及板面清洁;
S9、竣工验收。
其中,步骤S1的具体步骤为:
通过BIM软件制作外墙保温板的标准参数化模型族库,安装结构快速化建模插件拾取建筑物外墙边界线对外墙面的保温板进行快速排板和设计,生成 BIM模型,通过BIM模型模拟视图确定保温装饰板的分格方案和下料尺寸,确定外墙保温板纵向锚固预留螺栓孔的位置,该位置不得破坏相变保温板的填充内腔。完成尺寸优化后,对每块保温板进行编号,运用BIM软件明细表功能统计各型号保温板块具体数量,生成保温板材料清单。
其中,步骤S2的具体步骤为:
按照BIM模型生成的材料清单进行下料,下料时保温板编号与图纸编号相对应,加工切割尺寸精度控制在±2mm误差范围内,切割时扣除分割缝尺寸;保温装饰板在工厂加工、切割完毕后,按施工顺序及图纸编号通过集装箱车运输至施工现场。
其中,步骤S3的具体步骤为:
结合BIM模型、建筑物设计图及现场实际控制点弹出垂直控制线、水平控制线,由控制线处测量门窗、墙体等的实际尺寸,在施工面的阳角及窗洞口侧边垂挂垂线保证整体垂直度,用红外水平仪或者水平管打出水平基准线;
根据施工设计图、BIM 模型在施工墙面上分别弹纵向和横向的分格线,确定每块板的规格大小及位置,并进行编号。
其中,步骤S4的具体步骤为:
按照水与粘贴砂浆质量比1:4的配比混合搅拌,在砂浆搅拌机先搅拌3~5 min,静止5~10 min后,再次拌匀后在2h内使用完。
其中,步骤S5的具体步骤为:
首层施工前,按施工放线位置用冲击钻或电锤对基层墙体钻孔后,用锚固件预装托架,钻孔深度大于有效锚固深度20mm;
托架根据水平基准线的位置,先固定锚栓,后拉水平通线进行调整,使托架板面均处于同一水平面上,最后完全固定锚栓。
其中,步骤S6的具体步骤为:
S6.1、采用点线法粘贴保温装饰板,将调配均匀的粘结砂浆用刮板纵向涂在保温装饰板上,且涂抹宽度不小于50mm、纵向涂抹间隔为300mm、厚度大于20mm、距板边为30-50mm,然后在保温装饰板的纵向砂浆间隔处均匀刮上至少6个粘结砂浆点,每个粘结砂浆点的直径大于150mm且厚度大于20mm,涂好后立即将保温装饰板推压至墙面上,且保温装饰板的凹槽部位朝上,用吸盘吸附在板的表面,手握吸盘揉动保温装饰板,并调整保温装饰板的位置及垂直度,使板面保持平整,与分格缝平齐;
S6.2、重复S6.1的步骤安装第二层保温装饰板,第二层保温装饰板凸型面朝下,与第一层的凹型咬合形成整体,对保温装饰板的安装起到了稳定效果,同时有效的防止了热桥的产生。
其中,步骤S7的具体步骤为:
保温装饰板粘贴完成后,立即进行锚固件施工,在锚固件预定位置钻孔,清孔后再填塞胀钉并安装锚固件,使锚固件安装位置与相变保温装饰板预留的螺栓孔位置相互吻合。保温装饰板每边的锚固件数量不少于2个,且每隔500 mm设置锚固件数量不少于1个。
其中,步骤S8的具体步骤为:
在拐角阳角和阴角处均采用90°拼接,在拼接处填塞泡沫条并打入中性耐候硅酮密封胶密封;
在与窗框交接处留10mm宽缝,再填塞泡沫条并打入中性耐候硅酮密封胶方式进行封胶密封,窗上口留3%的向上倾斜度,窗下口留3%向下排水坡度,作为防水构造;
在注胶之前对板缝进行清洁并填塞泡沫条;板缝在清洁后半个小时内尽快注胶,超过时间后重新清洁。
其中,步骤S9的具体步骤为:
首先,对胶缝边缘进行修正,保证胶缝平直;然后,板面在施工中有划伤、破损或无法清除的污渍时及时处理或更换;再次,由施工单位将施工记录、工程质量检查、试验及管理资料按照相关规定归档;最后,由建设单位组织各有关单位进行组织验收。
本发明上述技术方案的有益效果如下:
(1)本发明利用BIM对保温装饰板相变一体化优化设计,通过BIM软件设计和专业设备工厂精准加工,并采用点线法粘贴保温装饰板,配合纵向锚固件与螺栓紧固,使保温装饰板粘贴牢固,与传统保温施工相比,具有施工简单、操作简单、施工周期短等特点。
(2)本发明中,相变保温装饰板因饰面层使用的材料可按照设计要求进行多样设置,板缝采用嵌缝泡沫材料填充,中性耐候硅酮密封胶进行防水密封处理,避免板缝冷热桥和雨水渗透,有效保障由相变保温装饰板构建的外墙保温装饰***的稳定性和安全性。
(3)本发明采用粘贴加锚固并重的安装方法,并对底层安装进行二次加固,粘贴采用粘接剂、锚固采用锚固件两种方法将外墙保温装饰一体化板固定于基墙上,起到辅助固定和加强固定的双重作用,解决外墙外保温技术存在的安全性差、使用寿命短、装饰受限等缺陷。
附图说明
图1为本发明的施工工艺流程图;
图2为本发明中保温装饰板锚固型构造示意图;
图3为本发明中点框法粘结砂浆点排布示意图;
图4为本发明勒脚处保温装饰板的安装结构示意图;
图5为本发明阴角处保温装饰板的安装结构示意图;
图6为本发明窗口处保温装饰板的安装结构示意图;
图7为本发明门窗洞口部位保温装饰板的安装结构示意图;
图8为本发明女儿墙部位保温装饰板的安装结构示意图。
附图标记说明:
1、保温板装饰板;2、混凝土外墙;3、锚具;4、凹凸型自锚固;5、粘贴砂浆层;6、找平层;7、纵向锚固钉;8、螺栓;9、螺栓槽;10、中性耐候硅酮密封胶。
具体实施方式
为使本发明要解决的技术问题、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合附图及具体实施例进行详细描述。
如图1所示,本发明的实施例提供一种装配式相变保温装饰板一体化施工方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、基于BIM对外墙装饰面排版:通过BIM软件制作外墙保温板的标准参数化模型族库,安装结构快速化建模插件拾取建筑物外墙边界线对外墙面的保温板进行快速排板和设计,生成 BIM模型,通过BIM模型模拟视图确定保温装饰板的分格方案和下料尺寸,确定外墙保温板纵向锚固预留螺栓孔的位置,该位置不得破坏相变保温板的填充内腔。完成尺寸优化后,对每块保温板进行编号,运用BIM软件明细表功能统计各型号保温板块具体数量,生成保温板材料清单。
S2、相变保温装饰板加工制作、运输:按照BIM模型生成的材料清单进行下料,下料时保温板编号与图纸编号相对应,加工切割尺寸精度控制在±2mm误差范围内,切割时扣除分割缝尺寸;
切割时复核图纸及现场实际情况,切割尺寸比较大且需要多次切割时,保证加工尺寸精度;切割完毕后,先用细砂皮纸进行切割面倒角细磨处理;切割面不得造成装饰层起毛边、毛刺及破坏面板;切割好的板材按照设计要求进行倒角、界面加强等处理;材料表面处理时保持干燥、清洁、强度符合要求;加工好的材料分门别类按编号贴上标签,板材水平堆放时将面板光泽面相上。
保温装饰板在工厂加工、切割完毕后,按施工顺序及图纸编号通过集装箱车运输至施工现场,在物流运输中采用软质材料包装,如珍珠棉或气泡膜,在包装保温板的时候要先将渣滓和灰尘清理干净,防止对表面有划伤。
S3、现场放线:结合BIM模型、建筑物设计图及现场实际控制点弹出垂直控制线、水平控制线,由控制线处测量门窗、墙体等的实际尺寸,在施工面的阳角及窗洞口侧边垂挂垂线保证整体垂直度,用红外水平仪或者水平管打出水平基准线,打线时均采用点线法,即先打基准点,检查完毕后,再用墨斗在基层面上弹出,以免造成墙面墨线杂乱无法分辨;
根据施工设计图、BIM 模型在施工墙面上分别弹纵向和横向的分格线,确定每块板的规格大小及位置,并进行编号。
S4、配置粘结剂砂浆:按照水与粘贴砂浆质量比1:4的配比混合搅拌,在砂浆搅拌机先充分搅拌3~5 min,静止5~10 min后,再次拌匀后在2h内使用完。
S5、安装首层板托架:首层施工前,按施工放线位置用冲击钻或电锤对基层墙体钻孔后,用锚固件预装托架,钻孔深度大于有效锚固深度20mm;
托架根据水平基准线的位置,先固定锚栓,后拉水平通线进行调整,使托架板面均处于同一水平面上,最后完全固定锚栓。
托架托住保温装饰板面板厚度在1/3以上。
S6、安装粘贴凹型、凸型相变保温装饰板:从水平控制线位置开始,自下而上,按编号排板位置沿水平方向横向铺贴;安装时,线与墙的挂线间距按完成面控制,线长度为7~10m,线中间采用辅助点控制。
如图2所示,保温装饰板通过粘贴砂浆层5粘贴在找平层6上,在进行安装时,使用锚具3紧扣在找平层6上并与粘贴砂浆层5连接固定,锚具3内设置螺栓槽9,通过纵向锚固钉7穿透找平层6和混凝土外墙2,使锚具3固定于找平层6上。其中,两块保温装饰板1凹槽部位与凸槽部位通过凹凸型自锚固4进行固定。
如图3所示,S6.1、采用点线法粘贴保温装饰板,将调配均匀的粘结砂浆用刮板纵向涂在保温装饰板上,且涂抹宽度不小于50mm、纵向涂抹间隔为300mm、厚度大于20mm、距板边为30-50 mm,然后在保温装饰板的纵向砂浆层间隔处均匀刮上至少6个粘结砂浆点,每个粘结砂浆点的直径大于150mm且厚度大于20mm,涂好后立即将保温装饰板推压至墙面上,且保温装饰板的凹槽部位朝上,用吸盘吸附在板的表面,手握吸盘揉动保温装饰板,并调整保温装饰板的位置及垂直度,使板面保持平整,与分格缝平齐;
S6.2、重复S6.1的步骤安装第二层保温装饰板,第二层保温装饰板凸型面朝下,与第一层的凹型咬合形成整体,对保温装饰板的安装起到了稳定效果,同时有效的防止了热桥的产生。
粘贴保温装饰板时,整体平面的平整度<3mm/2米直尺,板缝高低差<1.5mm;粘贴的面积不得小于板面的50%;粘贴位置要求横平竖直,排列整齐,保温装饰板缝处不能有粘结砂浆溢出;保温装饰板粘贴的平整度、垂直度符合要求,每贴完一块,及时清除挤出的粘结砂浆,板缝宽度要均匀一致且达到设计要求;
安装时,基准线均占线施工,粘贴第二块或第二层保温装饰板 (板缝之间) 必须安装塞缝垫块且拆卸方便,塞缝垫块采用硬质材料制作,厚度按板缝宽度制作,塞缝垫块布置为每边不少于二个,且间距不大于600mm;粘贴时,将板推压至墙面上,然后用吸盘吸附在板的表面,手握吸盘揉动保温装饰板,并调整位置,使板面保持平整,平齐分格缝;用2m靠尺和线锤检查,如偏差小,在粘结砂浆层初凝前轻微校正;如偏差较大大,则重新安装。
S7、安装纵向锚固件:保温装饰板粘贴完成后,立即进行锚固件施工,在锚固件预定位置钻孔,清孔后再填塞胀钉并安装锚固件,锚固件安装位置与保温装饰板预留的螺栓孔位置相互吻合,保温装饰板每边的锚固件数量不少于2个,且每隔500 mm设置锚固件数量不少于1个。
S8、纵向板缝处理及板面清洁:在拐角阳角和阴角处均采用90°拼接,在拼接处填塞泡沫条并打入中性耐候硅酮密封胶密封;在与窗框交接处留10mm宽缝,再填塞泡沫条并打入中性耐候硅酮密封胶方式进行封胶密封,窗上口留3%的向上倾斜度,窗下口留3%向下排水坡度,作为防水构造;在注胶之前对板缝进行清洁并填塞泡沫条;板缝在清洁后半个小时内尽快注胶,超过时间后重新清洁。
S9、竣工验收:首先,对胶缝边缘进行修正,保证胶缝平直;然后,板面在施工中有划伤、破损或无法清除的污渍时,及时处理或更换;再次,由施工单位将施工记录、工程质量检查、试验及管理资料按照相关规定归档;最后,由建设单位组织各有关单位进行组织验收。
另外,对于保温装饰板的细节构造,在步骤S6中,如图4所示,在进行勒脚的保温装饰板安装时,使勒脚部位的外保温与室外地面散水间预留不小于20mm的缝隙,且缝隙内采用聚氨酯现场发泡材料封填,外口用建筑密封膏封堵,外墙底部的外墙裙位置的板材安装采用底部板材背楞加固施工方法,在其背楞竖向@200mm切槽埋设Φ4高强钢丝并涂抹中性耐候硅酮密封胶。
如图5所示,在进行阴角的保温装饰板安装时,阴角采用90度拼接,在拼接处打入中性耐候硅酮密封胶密封。
如图6所示,在进行窗口的保温装饰板安装时,窗洞边采用粘结砂浆满粘方式,以保证安全性和防水性,与窗框交接处采用留10mm宽缝,再打入中性耐候硅酮密封胶进行防水密封,窗上口留3%的向上倾斜度,窗下口留3%向下排水坡度,作为防水构造。
如图7所示,在门窗洞口部位的保温装饰板安装时,门窗外侧洞口四周墙体的保温芯材板厚度不小于20mm,门窗的收口处阳角采用整板翻包的金属饰面板或预制成型的保温装饰板,保温装饰板与门窗框间设置6~10mm的留缝,填背衬处打入硅酮耐候密封胶。
如图8所示,在女儿墙部位的保温装饰板安装时,内外侧面均采用整板翻包的金属饰面板或预制成型的保温装饰板整体包覆。
本发明保证了其功能的完整性,具备着保温隔热、防水阻燃、轻质抗震、施工便捷、隔音降噪、绿色环保、美观耐久等特性,通过工厂全自动化生产,无漏涂隐患,保温装饰一体化设计,无脱层隐患,无分层隐患。
较其他做法节约了施工工期,施工简便,同时相对于传统施工方法,减少保温层和涂料层的施工,降低了材料消耗、人工成本和加工成本,取得了良好的经济效益,同时施工简便,质量易保证,工序控制合理,为更好地保证工程质量和进度提供了条件,增强了结构稳定性与抗震能力,社会效益显著。
实施例:
本发明通过试点应用于高层办公楼1号楼、2号楼和3号楼工程,本实施例1号楼采用本发明提供的装配式相变保温装饰板一体化施工方法,通过粘贴加锚固并重的安装方法,并对底层安装进行二次加固,粘贴采用粘接剂将外墙保温装饰一体化板固定于基墙上,锚固采用锚固件将外墙保温装饰装饰一体化板固定于基墙上,起到辅助固定和加强固定的双重作用,解决外墙外保温技术存在的安全性差、使用寿命短、装饰受限等缺陷。2号楼仍然使用原设计的外墙抹灰及挤塑聚苯乙烯泡沫板粘贴施工方法,但发现施工期间需要挂网,施工过程繁琐,施工工期较长,竣工一年后,发现其因材料强度差,产生较多开裂现象及保温层脱落现象;通过明火试验发现易燃,且燃烧后产生有毒的气体。3号楼变更设计外墙装饰板采用玻璃纤维增强水泥板,但在施工过程中,因板块较大较重,需用重型吊装设备进行吊装,精度也相对小板块调整较困难;对节点连接需要采用焊接或高强螺栓连接;竣工二年后,发现产生较多开裂现象。
因此,装配式相变保温装饰板一体化施工方法,在使用后取得了良好的经济效益和节能环保效益。
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明所述原理的前提下,还可以作出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种装配式相变保温装饰板一体化施工方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、基于BIM对外墙装饰面排版;
S2、相变保温装饰板加工制作、运输;
S3、现场放线;
S4、配置粘结剂砂浆;
S5、安装首层板托架;
S6、安装粘贴凹型、凸型相变保温装饰板;
S7、安装纵向锚固件;
S8、纵向板缝处理及板面清洁;
S9、竣工验收。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装配式相变保温装饰板一体化施工方法,其特征在于,步骤S1的具体步骤为:
通过BIM软件制作外墙保温板的标准参数化模型族库,安装结构快速化建模插件拾取建筑物外墙边界线对外墙面的保温板进行快速排板和设计,生成 BIM模型;
通过BIM模型模拟视图确定保温装饰板的分格方案和下料尺寸,完成尺寸优化后,对每块保温板进行编号,运用BIM软件明细表功能统计各型号保温板块具体数量,生成保温板材料清单。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装配式相变保温装饰板一体化施工方法,其特征在于,步骤S2的具体步骤为:
按照步骤S1中BIM模型生成的材料清单进行下料,下料时保温板编号与图纸编号相对应,在工厂加工、切割完毕后,按施工顺序及图纸编号将保温装饰板通过集装箱车运输至施工现场。
4.根据权利要求1所述的装配式相变保温装饰板一体化施工方法,其特征在于,步骤S3的具体步骤为:
结合BIM模型、建筑物设计图及现场实际控制点弹出垂直控制线、水平控制线:在施工面的阳角及窗洞口侧边处垂挂垂线,用红外水平仪或水平管打出水平基准线;
根据施工设计图、BIM 模型在施工墙面上分别弹出纵向和横向的分格线,确定每块板的规格大小及位置,并进行编号。
5.根据权利要求1所述的装配式相变保温装饰板一体化施工方法,其特征在于,步骤S4的具体步骤为:
按照水与粘贴砂浆质量比1:4的配比混合搅拌,在砂浆搅拌机先搅拌3~5 min,静止5~10 min后,再次拌匀后在2h内使用完。
6.根据权利要求1所述的装配式相变保温装饰板一体化施工方法,其特征在于,步骤S5的具体步骤为:
首层施工前,按步骤S3中弹出的垂直控制线和水平控制线,用冲击钻或电锤对基层墙体钻孔后,用锚固件预装托架,钻孔深度大于有效锚固深度20mm;
托架根据水平基准线的位置,先固定锚栓,后拉水平通线进行调整,使托架板面均处于同一水平面上,最后完全固定锚栓。
7.根据权利要求1所述的装配式相变保温装饰板一体化施工方法,其特征在于,步骤S6的具体步骤为:
S6.1、采用点线法粘贴保温装饰板,将调配均匀的粘结砂浆用刮板纵向涂在保温装饰板上,且涂抹宽度不小于50mm、纵向涂抹间隔为300mm、厚度大于20mm、距板边为30-50 mm,然后在保温装饰板的纵向砂浆间隔处均匀刮上至少6个粘结砂浆点,每个粘结砂浆点的直径大于150mm且厚度大于20mm,涂好后立即将保温装饰板推压至墙面上,且保温装饰板的凹槽部位朝上,用吸盘吸附在板的表面,手握吸盘揉动保温装饰板,并调整保温装饰板的位置及垂直度,使板面保持平整,与分格缝平齐;
S6.2、重复S6.1的步骤安装第二层保温装饰板,第二层保温装饰板凸型面朝下,与第一层的凹型咬合形成整体。
8.根据权利要求1所述的装配式相变保温装饰板一体化施工方法,其特征在于,步骤S7的具体步骤为:
保温装饰板粘贴完成后,立即进行纵向锚固件施工,在锚固件预定位置钻孔,清孔后再填塞胀钉并安装锚固件。
9.根据权利要求1所述的装配式相变保温装饰板一体化施工方法,其特征在于,步骤S8的具体步骤为:
在拐角阳角和阴角处均采用90°拼接,在拼接处填塞泡沫条并打入中性耐候硅酮密封胶密封;
在与窗框交接处留10mm宽缝,再填塞泡沫条并打入中性耐候硅酮密封胶方式进行封胶密封,窗上口留3%的向上倾斜度,窗下口留3%向下排水坡度,作为防水构造;
在注胶之前对板缝进行清洁并填塞泡沫条;板缝在清洁后半个小时内注胶,超过时间后重新清洁。
10.根据权利要求1所述的装配式相变保温装饰板一体化施工方法,其特征在于,步骤S9的具体步骤为:
首先,对纵向胶缝边缘进行修正,保证胶缝平直;然后,板面在施工中有划伤、破损或无法清除的污渍时及时处理或更换;再次,由施工单位将施工记录、工程质量检查、试验及管理资料按照相关规定归档;最后,由建设单位组织各有关单位进行组织验收。
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