CN116039371A - 一种低温双能源汽车混合动力*** - Google Patents

一种低温双能源汽车混合动力*** Download PDF

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CN116039371A
CN116039371A CN202310049578.5A CN202310049578A CN116039371A CN 116039371 A CN116039371 A CN 116039371A CN 202310049578 A CN202310049578 A CN 202310049578A CN 116039371 A CN116039371 A CN 116039371A
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natural gas
hydrogen
pipeline
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朱鸣
林万军
姚宁秋
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Nanjing Juli Fiber Material Co ltd
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Nanjing Juli Fiber Material Co ltd
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/32—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the fuel cells
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种低温双能源汽车混合动力***，涉及双能源汽车混合动力技术领域，该***包括低温储能单元、低温管路***、汽化装置、氢氧燃料电池动力组、天然气发动机动力组和动力耦合***；低温储能单元包括液化天然气气瓶和液氢气瓶；低温管路***包括液氢管路和液化天然气管路；氢氧燃料电池动力组与汽化装置相连；氢氧燃料电池动力组、天然气发动机动力组产生的输出动力共同接入动力耦合***。本发明中氢氧燃料电池组和天然气发动机组双能源体系，充分发挥各自优势，利用氢能的高能量密度提升车辆续航里程，利用天然气发动机大扭矩满足车辆行驶的动力要求，利用液氢与液化天然气的冷能减少燃料使用过程中的蒸发损耗。

Description

一种低温双能源汽车混合动力***
技术领域
本发明涉及双能源汽车混合动力技术领域，具体是一种低温双能源汽车混合动力***。
背景技术
当前我国化石能源消耗巨大、储量不断减少，碳排放导致全球污染及温室效应逐渐加剧，其中汽车尾气碳排放占我国交通领域碳排放80％以上，占全社会碳排放7.5％左右，因此各个国家均鼓励新能源汽车的发展。目前新能源汽车包括混合动力汽车、纯电动汽车及燃料电池汽车，其中混合动力汽车依靠燃油及电力作为动力，能够有效降低碳排放，但其功率及连续输出动力性能不足，维修保养成本较高；纯电动汽车真正实现了碳的零排放，更加节能环保，结构简单、噪声小，但充电效率低、续航里程受环境影响显著，大面积推广受到诸多限制；氢燃料电池汽车具有长续航、高效率、零排放的特点，近年来各国争相推出氢燃料电池汽车，但目前氢燃料储运困难、我国加氢站等基础设施建设滞后，大规模普及氢燃料电池存在一定难度。
液化天然气(LNG)作为一种储存效率高、安全经济的清洁能源，近年来代替车用燃料在减缓交通排放发挥了重要作用，尤其LNG重卡在市场占有较高比重，我国LNG加气站基础设施相对完善，但天然气具有不可再生的特点，能源短缺问题日益凸显，燃烧仍然会产生少量二氧化碳。同时，我国道路环境复杂，汽车行驶工况多变，需要更高的能量密度、功率密度来满足高续航、低成本、耐久性、变工况的多样性要求。因此，单一能源体系难以满足未来汽车行驶中的所有工况要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种低温双能源汽车混合动力***，以解决背景技术中提出的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种低温双能源汽车混合动力***，包括低温储能单元、低温管路***、汽化装置、氢氧燃料电池动力组、天然气发动机动力组和动力耦合***；所述低温储能单元包括用于存储天然气能源的液化天然气气瓶和用于存储氢气能源的液氢气瓶；所述低温管路***包括液氢管路和液化天然气管路，液氢管路用于输送氢气能源，液化天然气管路用于输送天然气能源；汽化装置通过液氢管路连接液氢气瓶，汽化装置还通过液化天然气管路连通液化天然气气瓶，汽化装置以单独汽化的方式汽化液化天然气和液氢；所述氢氧燃料电池动力组与汽化装置相连且氢氧燃料电池动力组将氢气能源转换成机械动力；所述天然气发动机动力组与汽化装置相连且天然气发动机动力组用于将天然气能源转换成电能；所述氢氧燃料电池动力组、天然气发动机动力组产生的输出动力共同接入动力耦合***。
在上述技术方案的基础上，本发明还提供以下可选技术方案：
在一种可选方案中：所述氢管路上具有液氢阀且液化天然气管路上具有液化天然气阀，液氢阀能够控制氢管路内的液氢流动状态；液化天然气阀能够控制液化天然气管路内液化天然气流动状态。
在一种可选方案中：所述汽化装置包括液氢汽化器、氢气阀、氢气管路、液化天然气汽化器、天然气阀和天然气管路；所述液氢汽化器连接液氢管路的一端并用于将液氢汽化，所述液氢汽化器通过氢气管路与氢氧燃料电池动力组连通；氢气阀设在氢气管路上；所述液化天然气汽化器与液化天然气管路相连并用于汽化液化天然气，液化天然气汽化器与天然气发动机动力组通过天然气管路相连通，天然气阀设在天然气管路中部。
在一种可选方案中：所述氢氧燃料电池动力组包括质子交换膜氢燃料电池、DC/DC变换器和电动机，氢气管路一端通入质子交换膜氢燃料电池，质子交换膜氢燃料电池通过DC/DC变换器连接电动机。
在一种可选方案中：所述天然气发动机动力组包括天然气发动机和发电机，天然气管路一端与天然气发动机相连通，天然气发动机连接发电机。
在一种可选方案中：所述液氢管路在液氢阀与液氢汽化器之间的部分缠绕液化天然气气瓶，所述液化天然气管路在液化天然气阀与液化天然气汽化器之间的部分缠绕液氢气瓶。
在一种可选方案中：所述液化天然气气瓶和液氢气瓶均由内胆、高真空夹层、多层绝热层、外壳和外部管路绝热层组成，所述高真空夹层和多层绝热层设在内胆与外壳之间的空腔内。
在一种可选方案中：还包括蓄电池辅助储能装置，蓄电池辅助储能装置接入氢氧燃料电池动力组和然气发动机动力组之间的主线上。
相较于现有技术，本发明的有益效果如下：
1、本发明将能量密度较高的氢燃料电池和扭矩较大的天然气发动机结合，同时引入蓄电池辅助储能装置，发挥各能源的优势特性，相互协调为车辆提供持续动力，解决了车辆续航里程短、工作效率低、碳排放量大等问题；
2、本发明中各动力***间输出互不干涉，工作模式多样，不影响彼此传动效率，工作模式包括纯电模式、发动机模式、混合动力模式、制动能量回收模式，能够实现低速大转矩、再生制动能量回收等，使得发动机始终保持高效率区间运行，减少了能量损耗；
3、本发明中单个能源间所承受的能量输出减少，减少了蓄电池、燃料电池的装载数量，减轻了能量单元质量，对车辆整体重量起到优化作用。
4、本发明充分发挥液氢、液化天然气冷能作用，利用其较高的汽化潜热减少储存过程中的蒸发，可降低液氢、液化天然气气瓶压力升高过快导致的燃料损失、气瓶***等风险问题，使得液氢、液化天然气气瓶日蒸发率保持在较低水平，显著提升整车的耐久性、经济性。
5、本发明包括氢氧燃料电池组和天然气发动机组双能源体系，充分发挥各自优势，利用氢能的高能量密度提升车辆续航里程，利用天然气发动机大扭矩满足车辆行驶的动力要求，同时利用液氢与液化天然气的冷能减少燃料使用过程中的蒸发损耗。
附图说明
图1为氢氧燃料电池及天然气发动机双能源***的结构示意图；
图2为液氢/液化天然气气瓶结构图。
附图标记注释：低温储能单元1、低温管路***2、汽化装置3、氢氧燃料电池动力组4、天然气发动机动力组5、蓄电池辅助储能装置6、动力耦合***7、液化天然气气瓶11、液氢气瓶12、液氢管路21、液氢阀22、液化天然气管路23、液化天然气阀24、液氢汽化器31、氢气阀32、氢气管路33、液化天然气汽化器34、天然气阀35、天然气管路36、质子交换膜氢燃料电池41、DC/DC变换器42、电动机43、天然气发动机51、发电机52、内胆101、高真空夹层102、多层绝热材料103、外壳104、外部管路绝热材料105。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明；在附图或说明中，相似或相同的部分使用相同的标号，并且在实际应用中，各部件的形状、厚度或高度可扩大或缩小。本发明所列举的各实施例仅用以说明本发明，并非用以限制本发明的范围。对本发明所作的任何显而易知的修饰或变更都不脱离本发明的精神与范围。
在一个实施例中，如图1所示，一种低温双能源汽车混合动力***，包括低温储能单元1、低温管路***2、汽化装置3、氢氧燃料电池动力组4、天然气发动机动力组5和动力耦合***7；所述低温储能单元1包括用于存储天然气能源的液化天然气气瓶11和用于存储氢气能源的液氢气瓶12；所述低温管路***2包括液氢管路21和液化天然气管路23，液氢管路21用于输送氢气能源，液化天然气管路23用于输送天然气能源；汽化装置3通过液氢管路21连接液氢气瓶12，汽化装置3还通过液化天然气管路23连通液化天然气气瓶11，汽化装置3以单独汽化的方式汽化液化天然气和液氢；所述氢氧燃料电池动力组4与汽化装置3相连且氢氧燃料电池动力组4将氢气能源转换成机械动力；所述天然气发动机动力组5与汽化装置3相连且天然气发动机动力组5用于将天然气能源转换成电能；所述氢氧燃料电池动力组4、天然气发动机动力组5产生的输出动力共同接入动力耦合***7。
在一个实施例中，如图1所示，所述氢管路21上具有液氢阀22且液化天然气管路23上具有液化天然气阀24，液氢阀22能够控制氢管路21内的液氢流动状态；液化天然气阀24能够控制液化天然气管路23内液化天然气流动状态。
在一个实施例中，如图1所示，所述汽化装置3包括液氢汽化器31、氢气阀32、氢气管路33、液化天然气汽化器34、天然气阀35和天然气管路36；所述液氢汽化器31连接液氢管路21的一端并用于将液氢汽化，所述液氢汽化器31通过氢气管路33与氢氧燃料电池动力组4连通；氢气阀32设在氢气管路33上；所述液化天然气汽化器34与液化天然气管路23相连并用于汽化液化天然气，液化天然气汽化器34与天然气发动机动力组5通过天然气管路36相连通，天然气阀35设在天然气管路36中部；在本发明实施例中，液氢经液氢管路21导入液氢汽化器31内，液氢汽化器31将液氢汽化并经过氢气管路33导入氢氧燃料电池动力组4；液化天然气经液化天然气管路23导入液化天然气汽化器34内并且液化天然气被液化天然气汽化器34汽化，汽化的天然气经天然气管路36导入天然气发动机动力组5。
在一个实施例中，如图1所示，所述氢氧燃料电池动力组4包括质子交换膜氢燃料电池41、DC/DC变换器42和电动机43，氢气管路33一端通入质子交换膜氢燃料电池41，质子交换膜氢燃料电池41通过DC/DC变换器42连接电动机43。
在一个实施例中，如图1所示，所述天然气发动机动力组5包括天然气发动机51和发电机52，天然气管路36一端与天然气发动机51相连通，天然气发动机51连接发电机51。
在一个实施例中，如图2所示，所述液化天然气气瓶11和液氢气瓶12均由内胆101、高真空夹层102、多层绝热层103、外壳104和外部管路绝热层105组成，所述高真空夹层102和多层绝热层103设在内胆101与外壳104之间的空腔内。其中，外部管路绝热层105是多层绝热、气冷屏或堆积绝热中的一种，或是两种以上组合。
在一个实施例中，如图1所示，还包括蓄电池辅助储能装置6，蓄电池辅助储能装置6接入氢氧燃料电池动力组4和然气发动机动力组5之间的主线上。具体的，所述发电机52接入所述蓄电池辅助储能装置6，所述蓄电池辅助储能装置接入所述DC/DC变换器42与电动机13之间的主线。
在一个实施例中，如图1所示，所述液氢管路21在液氢阀22与液氢汽化器31之间的部分缠绕液化天然气气瓶11，所述液化天然气管路23在液化天然气阀24与液化天然气汽化器34之间的部分缠绕液氢气瓶12。充分发挥液氢、液化天然气冷能作用，利用其较高的汽化潜热减少储存过程中的蒸发，可降低液氢、液化天然气气瓶压力升高过快导致的燃料损失、气瓶***等风险问题。
结合图1，本实施例提供的一种低温双能源混合动力***包含四种工作模式：
纯电模式：纯电模式充分发挥电动机转矩响应快、稳、准的特性，主要用于起步、倒车和低速行驶时。起步时关闭液化天然气阀24、天然气阀35、天然气发动机51，开启液氢阀22、氢气阀32，首先利用蓄电池6带动电动机43工作完成起步动作。此时液氢气瓶12中的液氢经汽化器31汽化后通入质子交换膜氢燃料电池41，当液氢流经液化天然气气瓶11外部缠绕管路时，利用汽化潜热吸收液化天然气气瓶11外壳104的热量，可显著提高液化天然气气瓶11的休眠期。待质子交换膜氢燃料电池41充分响应并持续供电时关闭蓄电池6，由质子交换膜氢燃料电池41带动电动机43输出动力，而动力耦合***7中仅有电机主轴工作。纯电模式亦可用于长时高速、长远距离驾驶。
发动机模式：车辆启动后进行加速时，或在高速状态下稳定行驶时，关闭液氢阀22、氢气阀32，开启液化天然气阀24、天然气阀35，此时液化天然气气瓶11中的液化天然气经汽化器34汽化后通入天然气发动机51，当液化天然气流经液氢气瓶12外部缠绕管路时，利用汽化潜热吸收液氢气瓶12外壳104的热量，可显著提高液氢气瓶12的休眠期。天然气发动机51一方面可带动主轴持续输出动力，另一方面可利用产生的多余能量带动发电机52工作，补充蓄电池6的能量，而动力耦合***7中仅有发动机主轴工作。
混合动力模式：混合动力模式适用于高功率、大扭矩的复杂环境。启动混合动力模式时开启液氢阀22、氢气阀32、液化天然气阀24、天然气阀35、天然气发动机51，质子交换膜氢燃料电池41输出电能带动电动机43工作，同时天然气发动机51通过主轴将机械能传递至动力耦合***7，与电动机43共同实现各输出动力的高效耦合，提升能量转化效率。
制动能量回收模式：在减速或制动时，汽车惯性带动车轮旋转，车轮带动主轴与发电机52转动，发电机52产生的电能储存于蓄电池6中，能量利用率显著提高。制动能量的回收可延长制动器寿命、降低能量消耗、提升行驶距离。
以上所述，仅为本公开的具体实施方式，但本公开的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本公开揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本公开的保护范围之内。因此，本公开的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (8)

1.一种低温双能源汽车混合动力***，包括低温储能单元、低温管路***、汽化装置、氢氧燃料电池动力组、天然气发动机动力组和动力耦合***，其特征在于，所述低温储能单元包括用于存储天然气能源的液化天然气气瓶和用于存储氢气能源的液氢气瓶；
所述低温管路***包括液氢管路和液化天然气管路，液氢管路用于输送氢气能源，液化天然气管路用于输送天然气能源；
汽化装置通过液氢管路连接液氢气瓶，汽化装置还通过液化天然气管路连通液化天然气气瓶，汽化装置以单独汽化的方式汽化液化天然气和液氢；
所述氢氧燃料电池动力组与汽化装置相连且氢氧燃料电池动力组将氢气能源转换成机械动力；
所述天然气发动机动力组与汽化装置相连且天然气发动机动力组用于将天然气能源转换成电能；
所述氢氧燃料电池动力组、天然气发动机动力组产生的输出动力共同接入动力耦合***。
2.根据权利要求1所述的低温双能源汽车混合动力***，其特征在于，所述氢管路上具有液氢阀且液化天然气管路上具有液化天然气阀，液氢阀能够控制氢管路内的液氢流动状态；液化天然气阀能够控制液化天然气管路内液化天然气流动状态。
3.根据权利要求1所述的低温双能源汽车混合动力***，其特征在于，所述汽化装置包括液氢汽化器、氢气阀、氢气管路、液化天然气汽化器、天然气阀和天然气管路；所述液氢汽化器连接液氢管路的一端并用于将液氢汽化，所述液氢汽化器通过氢气管路与氢氧燃料电池动力组连通；氢气阀设在氢气管路上；所述液化天然气汽化器与液化天然气管路相连并用于汽化液化天然气，液化天然气汽化器与天然气发动机动力组通过天然气管路相连通，天然气阀设在天然气管路中部。
4.根据权利要求2所述的低温双能源汽车混合动力***，其特征在于，所述氢氧燃料电池动力组包括质子交换膜氢燃料电池、DC/DC变换器和电动机，氢气管路一端通入质子交换膜氢燃料电池，质子交换膜氢燃料电池通过DC/DC变换器连接电动机。
5.根据权利要求4所述的低温双能源汽车混合动力***，其特征在于，所述天然气发动机动力组包括天然气发动机和发电机，天然气管路一端与天然气发动机相连通，天然气发动机连接发电机。
6.根据权利要求5所述的低温双能源汽车混合动力***，其特征在于，所述液氢管路在液氢阀与液氢汽化器之间的部分缠绕液化天然气气瓶，所述液化天然气管路在液化天然气阀与液化天然气汽化器之间的部分缠绕液氢气瓶。
7.根据权利要求1所述的低温双能源汽车混合动力***，其特征在于，所述液化天然气气瓶和液氢气瓶均由内胆、高真空夹层、多层绝热层、外壳和外部管路绝热层组成，所述高真空夹层和多层绝热层设在内胆与外壳之间的空腔内。
8.根据权利要求1所述的低温双能源汽车混合动力***，其特征在于，还包括蓄电池辅助储能装置，蓄电池辅助储能装置接入氢氧燃料电池动力组和然气发动机动力组之间的主线上。
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