CN116037693A - 钛合金铝合金复合条带制备方法 - Google Patents
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- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- -1 titanium aluminum compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
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- UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;titanium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Ti] UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
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- B21B1/24—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length in a continuous or semi-continuous process
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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Abstract
本发明公开了钛合金铝合金复合条带制备方法,包括以下步骤,复合前,钛合金、铝合金条/带,对复合表面的毛化处理及清洗;复合,将清洗干净的钛合金条/带和铝合金条/带铆接,通过管道式加热炉进行连续加热,对加热后钛合金条/带和铝合金条/带通过复合轧机进行轧制,轧制变形量不小于35%,形成钛铝复合条/带;复合后,复合后,将钛铝复合条/带至少进行一次T4处理;复合后,对钛铝复合条/带至少进行二次退火处理,再经过矫直处理后,对钛铝复合条/带切断形成最终成品;钛合金扁条采用平辊轧制+四辊精轧+四辊冷轧的组合技术实现高尺寸精度低残余钛合金扁/条的制备,避免轧制过程汇总出现的开裂变形不均匀的问题,降低钛合金的残余应力。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及钛合金技术领域,特别涉及钛合金铝合金复合条带制备方法。
背景技术
科技的高速发展和新产业、新技术的出现对制造业提出了更高要求,在此形势下,制造业以节能、节省资源为出发点,不断向制品轻量化、高性能化发展;同时对基础材料的要求也多样化、高级化。传统的单一材料或合金因综合性能不足,已经很难满足现代工业对材料综合性能的需求。复合材料是解决各种特殊结构、功能要求的重要途径。
层状金属复合材料是利用复合技术使两种或两种以上物理、化学和力学性能不同的金属之间实现牢固冶金结合而得到的新型材料,有效发挥了各自的性能优势,克服了单一材料无法同时满足强度、耐蚀、导电等复杂应用需求的不足。层状金属复合材料除具有高强度、高韧性、耐腐蚀等综合性能,此外其还具备以下特点:1)组元之间存在明显的界面;2)既保持原有组成部分的优点,又产生原组分所不具备的新功能;3)具有可设计性。
层状金属复合材料制备工艺主要有固-固相复合法、液-固相复合法、液-液相复合法。其中,固-固相复合法包括轧制复合法、焊接复合法、***复合法、沉积复合法等。轧制复合法的成本低、产量高、尺寸精度高,工艺及装备较为成熟,易于实现大规模工业化生产。
钛铝层状复合材料是一种具有代表性的金属层状复合材料,它是结合了铝材料的质量轻、成本低和钛材料高强度、耐腐蚀的特点,具有优良的综合性能,结合了铝材料的质量轻、成本低和钛材料高强度、耐腐蚀的特点,在诸如电子产品中用作结构件能够起到良好的支撑、保护作用,同时具有良好的散热效果。钛合金的导热性差、粘性大、金属流动性差,加工窗口窄,在钛合金条/带制备的过程中易出现开裂,变形不均匀等问题,且钛合金条/带加工残余应力大,采用传统的轧制复合技术无法制备钛合金/铝合金层状复合材料。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决上述技术问题,而提供钛合金铝合金复合条带制备方法,避免轧制过程出现的开裂变形不均匀的问题,降低钛合金的残余应力。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用了如下技术方案:钛合金铝合金复合条带制备方法,包括以下步骤,
复合前,钛合金线材的连续热轧成扁材;
复合前,对连续热轧后钛合金扁材至少进行一次退火处理;
复合前,对退火处理后的钛合金扁材至少进行一次酸洗处理;
复合前,对酸洗处理后的钛合金扁材至少进行一次冷轧;
复合前,对冷轧处理后的钛合金扁材至少再进行一次退火处理,形成复合前的钛合金条/带;
复合前,铝合金扁材的连续轧制;
复合前,对连续轧制后铝合金扁材至少进行一次退火处理,形成复合前的铝合金条/带;
复合前,钛合金、铝合金的条/带复合面进行毛化处理,并做清洗处理;
复合,将清洗干净的钛合金条/带和铝合金条/带铆接,通过管道式加热炉进行连续加热,对加热后钛合金条/带和铝合金条/带通过复合轧机进行轧制,轧制变形量不小于35%,形成钛铝复合条/带;
复合后,将钛铝复合条/带至少进行一次T4处理;
复合后,对T4处理后钛铝复合条/带至少进行一次T6处理;
复合后,对钛铝复合条/带至少进行一次矫直处理;
复合后,最后一次矫直处理后,对钛铝复合条/带切断形成最终成品。
为了使线材逐渐形成最终产品的截面尺寸,避免轧制过程出现的开裂变形不均匀,降低钛合金的残余应力等问题,进一步优选的技术方案还有,所述钛合金线材在线至少连续五次热轧。
为了使线材尺寸满足最终产品的截面尺寸,进一步优选的技术方案还有,所述钛合金线材为直径7.2mm。
为了复合前使钛合金具有良好的机械性能和力学性能,进一步优选的技术方案还有,所获得的复合前的钛合金条/带抗拉强度≥900MPa,屈服强度≥800MPa,延伸率≥15%,断面收缩率≥25%,平均晶粒尺寸≤8μm,α相比例≥88%。
为了保证钛合金线材在形变过程中保持钛合金的性能,进一步优选的技术方案还有,前三次热轧步骤中,将钛合金线材在管式电阻加热炉中进行加热,加热温度为880~940℃,加热过程采用氩气保护,在炉时间为5~10min,然后在平辊轧机上进行轧制,轧制速度4~7m/min。
为了保证钛合金线材在形变过程中保持钛合金的性能,进一步优选的技术方案还有,后两次热轧步骤中,将钛合金线材在管式加热炉中进行加热,加热温度为840~900℃,加热过程采用氩气保护,在炉时间为3~8min,然后在四辊轧机上进行轧制,轧制速度为4~7m/min,所述四辊轧机即通过四个辊轮分别抵压在扁材的四边,由辊轮的宽度控制扁材的四个边的长短,形成定形压制。
为了提高复合后材料的稳定性,进一步优选的技术方案还有,在T4处理过程中,温度为500℃~540℃,保温时间15min~30min,所述T4处理即固熔热处理后自然时效至基本稳定,可提高复合后材料的稳定性;
为了提高复合后材料的稳定性和强度,进一步优选的技术方案还有,在T6处理过程中,温度为180℃~200℃,保温至少8h,所述T6处理即固熔热处理后进行人工时效,可比T4处理强化产品强度;
本发明可通过热处理进行强化;通过T4处理使铝合金淬火后形成过饱和固溶体,这种过饱和固溶体不稳定,他有自发分解的趋势;在一定的温度下,保持一定的时间,将发生脱溶,引起铝合金强度和硬度大幅度提高,为了提高铝合金的强度,通常将其时效到强的峰值状态,称为峰值时效(用T6表示);通过T4、T6处理可显著提高铝合金强度。
为了形成最终产品的截面尺寸,保证尺寸可以在控制范围内,进一步优选的技术方案还有,通过四辊冷轧对钛合金扁材定形。
为了通过控制工艺参数控制钛合金和铝合金的复合效果,进一步优选的技术方案还有,所述复合步骤中,加热炉温度为380℃~500℃。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:1.钛合金属于难变形金属,导热性差、粘性大、金属流动性差,热加工窗口比较窄,若轧制变形时温度低于可变形温度,容易出现开裂或变形不均匀等问题,本发明采用热轧轧制生产钛合金扁条,采用管式加热炉进行钛条的加热,确保钛条加热均匀,轧机到加热炉距离不超过0.7米,钛条出炉到轧机的时间不超过10秒,确保轧制变形所需要的温度,降低加工过程残余应力,轧制后通过半成品退火和成品退火,减小残余应力,由于钛合金扁条采用平辊轧制+四辊精轧+四辊冷轧的组合技术实现高尺寸精度低残余钛合金扁条的制备,避免轧制过程汇总出现的开裂变形不均匀的问题,降低钛合金的残余应力;
2.复合轧制前对钛合金扁/条和铝合金扁/条进行毛化处理,增大结合面积;
3.加热可以使铝层软化,从而减少铝层变形后弹性恢复对复合界面的破坏作用,同时加热可以时铝层金属活化,增强铝合金表面对钛合金表面的粘结作用,提高了剪切强度;当加热温度低于380℃,铝合金在轧制复合时变形抗力较大,与钛合金粘结不好。当加热温度高于500℃时,接近铝合金的熔点,铝合金容易黏辊,轧制不顺利,对钛合金和铝合金在380℃~500℃加热,然后进行轧制,减少变形抗力,增大结合强度,
4.钛合金和铝合金在氩气气氛下进行加热,避免加热过程材料氧化,影响复合效果;
5.影响钛合金/铝合金轧制复合剪切强度的主要因素是铝的加热温度和轧制的总变形率,钛合金/铝合金轧制复合的临界变形铝随铝层加热温度的升高而降低,临界变形率是指两种金属轧制复合所需要的最低变形率,也叫门槛值或阀值,低于这一变形率,轧后两金属自然分开,不能复合;总变形率对钛合金/铝合金轧制复合的剪切强度起主要作用,本发明通过多次试验证明当变形量低于35%时,剪切强度很低,甚至分离,所以通过控制复合轧制变形量不小于35%,可以提高钛合金/铝合金轧制复合效果;
6.复合材料的剪切强度≥180Mpa,抗拉强度≥550Mpa,屈服强度≥425Mpa,延伸率≥25%,提高了复合后的材料强度;
7.通过冷轧可以控制复合条的厚度公差±0.05mm,提高产品尺寸精度。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。
实施例
钛合金铝合金复合条带制备方法,包括以下步骤,
钛合金扁/条制备:
原料表面处理,原料为Φ7.2mm的TC4钛合金盘圆,表面经扒皮抛光;
第一次热轧,将该钛合金盘圆在管式电阻加热炉中进行加热,加热温度为880~940℃,加热过程采用氩气保护,在炉时间为5~10min,然后在平辊轧机上进行轧制,轧制速度为4~7m/min,得到第一半成品扁料;
第二次热轧;将第一半成品扁料在管式加热炉中进行加热,加热温度为880~940℃,加热过程采用氩气保护,在炉时间为5~10min,然后在平辊轧机上进行轧制,轧制速度为4~7m/min,得到第二半成品扁料;
第三次热轧,将第二半成品扁料在管式加热炉中进行加热,加热温度为880~940℃,加热过程采用氩气保护,在炉时间为5~10min,然后在平辊轧机上进行轧制,轧制速度为4~7m/min,得到第三半成品扁料;
第四次热轧,将第三半成品扁料在管式加热炉中进行加热,加热温度为840~900℃,加热过程采用氩气保护,在炉时间为3~8min,然后在四辊轧机上进行轧制,轧制速度为4~7m/min,得到第四半成品扁料;
第五次热轧,将第四半成品扁料在管式加热炉中进行加热,加热温度为840~900℃,加热过程采用氩气保护,在炉时间为3~8min,然后在四辊轧机上进行轧制,轧制速度为4~7m/min,得到第五半成品扁料;
第一次退火处理,将第五半成品扁料进行退火,退火采用氩气保护,退火后采用酸洗或剥皮方式去除表面富氧层,得到第六半成品扁料;
冷轧及第二次退化处理,将第六半成品扁料进行四辊冷轧精密轧制,然后进行退火,获得高尺寸精度的钛合金扁/条,所获得的钛合金扁条抗拉强度≥900MPa,屈服强度≥≥≥800MPa,延伸率≥15%,断面收缩率≥25%,平均晶粒尺寸≤≤8μm,α相比例≥88%;
铝合金扁/条制备:
将9.5mm×11mm铝合金扁/条经1-2道次的冷拉得到复合前铝合金扁/条所需尺寸,冷拉后铝合金扁/条经过450℃,120min退火后空冷后得到复合前铝合金扁/条;
复合前表面处理:
采用机械打磨的方法将钛合金扁/条和铝合金扁/条将要复合的表面进行毛化处理,并清洗干净;
复合:
将清洗干净的钛合金扁/条和铝合金扁/条铆接,通过管道式加热炉进行连续加热,加热炉温度为380℃~500℃,加热炉管内通氩气,防止钛合金扁/条和铝合金扁/条加热时复合面产生氧化;将加热后的钛合金扁/条和钛合金扁/条通过复合轧机进行轧制,轧制变形量不小于35%;
复合后处理:
第一次矫直及分段,轧制后对钛铝复合条/带进行矫直和定尺分断;
T4处理,将分段后的钛铝复合条/带在温度为500℃~540℃,保温15min~30min进行T4处理;
T6处理,将钛铝复合条/带在温度为180℃~200℃,保温8h进行T6处理;
第二次矫直,将钛铝复合条/带再进行一次矫直;
去除飞边,将钛铝复合条/带进行边部磨削处理,磨削去除铝飞边。
切断,将钛铝复合条/带进行成品锯切得到成品钛铝复合条。
以钛合金盘圆或钛合金扁条为原料,采用多道次平轧轧制将圆线压扁,在经多道次四辊精密轧制成钛合金扁条,对钛扁条进行表面处理,最后采用四辊轧机进行冷轧控制尺寸精度,达到复合前所需尺寸,钛合金扁条经完全退火,矫直处理后备用;采用铝合金扁条作为原料,采用模具冷拉达到所需的尺寸;采用打磨方式对钛合金扁条和铝合金扁条表面进行毛化处理,毛化后进行清洗备用;将钛合金和铝合金的毛化面作为复合面,头部铆接在一起,通过管式加热炉进行加热,出炉后通过复合轧机进行轧制,复合条带经矫直、T4、T6热处理后得到钛合金/铝合金精密复合条/带。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.钛合金铝合金复合条带制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤,
复合前,钛合金线材的连续热轧成扁材;
复合前,对连续热轧后钛合金扁材至少进行一次退火处理;
复合前,对退火处理后的钛合金扁材至少进行一次酸洗处理;
复合前,对酸洗处理后的钛合金扁材至少进行一次冷轧;
复合前,对冷轧处理后的钛合金扁材至少再进行一次退火处理,形成复合前的钛合金条/带;
复合前,铝合金扁材的连续轧制;
复合前,对连续轧制后铝合金扁材至少进行一次退火处理,形成复合前的铝合金条/带;
复合前,钛合金、铝合金的条/带复合面进行毛化处理,并做清洗处理;
复合,将清洗干净的钛合金条/带和铝合金条/带铆接,通过管道式加热炉进行连续加热,对加热后钛合金条/带和铝合金条/带通过复合轧机进行轧制,轧制变形量不小于35%,形成钛铝复合条/带;
复合后,将钛铝复合条/带至少进行一次T4处理;
复合后,对T4处理后钛铝复合条/带至少进行一次T6处理;
复合后,对钛铝复合条/带至少进行一次矫直处理;
复合后,最后一次矫直处理后,对钛铝复合条/带切断形成最终成品。
2.如权利要求1所述钛合金铝合金复合条带制备方法,其特征在于,所述钛合金线材在线至少连续五次热轧。
3.如权利要求2所述钛合金铝合金复合条带制备方法,其特征在于,所述钛合金线材为直径7.2mm。
4.如权利要求3所述钛合金铝合金复合条带制备方法,其特征在于,所获得的复合前的钛合金条/带抗拉强度≥≥900MPa,屈服强度≥800MPa,延伸率≥15%,断面收缩率≥25%,平均晶粒尺寸≤8μm,α相比例≥88%。
5.如权利要求1或3所述钛合金铝合金复合条带制备方法,其特征在于,前三次热轧步骤中,将钛合金线材在管式电阻加热炉中进行加热,加热温度为880~940℃,加热过程采用氩气保护,在炉时间为5~10min,然后在平辊轧机上进行轧制,轧制速度4~7m/min。
6.如权利要求5所述钛合金铝合金复合条带制备方法,其特征在于,后两次热轧步骤中,将钛合金线材在管式加热炉中进行加热,加热温度为840~900℃,加热过程采用氩气保护,在炉时间为3~8min,然后在四辊轧机上进行轧制,轧制速度为4~7m/min。
7.如权利要求1所述钛合金铝合金复合条带制备方法,其特征在于,在T4处理过程中,温度为500℃~540℃,保温时间15min~30min。
8.如权利要求1所述钛合金铝合金复合条带制备方法,其特征在于,在T6处理过程中,温度为180℃~200℃,保温至少8h。
9.如权利要求1所述钛合金铝合金复合条带制备方法,其特征在于,通过四辊冷轧对钛合金扁材定形。
10.如权利要求1所述钛合金铝合金复合条带制备方法,其特征在于,所述复合步骤中,加热炉温度为380℃~500℃。
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