CN116026918A - Microbubble backscattering coefficient measurement method, device, equipment and storage medium - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a microbubble backscattering coefficient measurement method, a device, equipment and a storage medium, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and measuring the attenuation coefficient of the contrast agent microbubbles by using the transmitting probe and the receiving probe, measuring the transfer function ratio between the transmitting probe and the receiving probe by combining a standard sound source, measuring the back scattering signal amplitude spectrum of the contrast agent microbubbles by using the transmitting probe as a receiving and transmitting probe, measuring the reference signal amplitude spectrum of the contrast agent microbubbles measured by the receiving probe, and finally calculating by combining the attenuation coefficient, the transfer function ratio, the back scattering signal amplitude spectrum and the reference signal amplitude spectrum to obtain the back scattering coefficient of the contrast agent microbubbles. The invention realizes the measurement of the back scattering coefficient by replacing the reflection coefficient of the reference plane with the relative transfer function between the transmitting probe and the receiving probe, and has higher accuracy.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of contrast agent microbubble property measurement, and in particular, to a method, an apparatus, a device, and a storage medium for measuring a microbubble backscattering coefficient.
Background
In the fields of clinical medical ultrasonic diagnosis and biological tissue imaging in recent years, microbubble type ultrasonic contrast agents are receiving more and more attention, and ultrasonic technology is also applied to various treatment devices, and a great deal of research results at home and abroad indicate that the efficiency of ultrasonic treatment can be improved and intravascular thrombolytic treatment can be implemented by utilizing nonlinear vibration and scattering characteristics generated when microbubbles are excited by sound waves, and treatment in aspects of targeted delivery of antitumor drugs, gene location transfection or delivery and the like can be performed by using ultrasound as a mediating means through carrying therapeutic drugs or genes by microbubbles, so that the combination of microbubbles and ultrasound for treating some serious diseases has become one of the hot spots focused on the medical fields at home and abroad.
Currently, the backscattering coefficient is an important indicator for measuring the acoustic properties of microbubbles of an ultrasound contrast agent. Since the transfer function of the probe is often difficult to obtain, the attenuation coefficient and the backscatter coefficient of the ultrasound contrast agent microbubbles are typically obtained by dividing the power spectrum of the sample scatter signal by the power spectrum of the rigid reflector reference signal to eliminate the effect of the probe transfer function. The acoustic reflection system Γ of the reflection plane needs to be known based on the measurement method of the reflection plane. But is affected by the actual conditions of the angle of incidence, background medium, reflection plane frequency response function, etc., which coefficients are often difficult to measure accurately, resulting in the final measured backscatter coefficients being less accurate.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the foregoing, the present application provides a method, an apparatus, a device and a storage medium for measuring a backscattering coefficient of a microbubble, so as to solve the problem of inaccurate measurement of the backscattering coefficient of the microbubble of the existing contrast agent.
In order to solve the technical problems, one technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows: the method for measuring the backscattering coefficient of the microbubbles comprises the following steps: controlling the transmitting probe and the receiving probe to transmit ultrasonic signals in the presence and absence of microbubbles of the contrast agent to measure attenuation coefficients of the microbubbles of the contrast agent; under the same standard sound source, controlling the transmitting probe and the receiving probe to receive ultrasonic signals, and analyzing the transfer function ratio of the transmitting probe and the receiving probe based on the received ultrasonic signals; controlling a transmitting probe to transmit ultrasonic signals in a simulated body environment added with contrast agent microbubbles and simultaneously receive back scattering signals from the contrast agent microbubbles in the simulated body environment, analyzing to obtain a back scattering signal amplitude spectrum, and simultaneously controlling a receiving probe to receive reference signals from the simulated body environment when no contrast agent microbubbles are in the simulated body environment, and analyzing to obtain a reference signal amplitude spectrum; and calculating the backscattering coefficient of the contrast agent microbubbles by using the attenuation coefficient, the transfer function ratio, the backscattering signal amplitude spectrum and the reference signal amplitude spectrum.
As a further improvement of the present application, controlling the transmitting probe and the receiving probe for ultrasound signal transmission in the presence and absence of a microbubble contrast agent to measure attenuation coefficients of the microbubble contrast agent includes: after the transmitting probe is controlled to transmit ultrasonic signals to the receiving probe in a simulated environment without adding contrast agent microbubbles, a plurality of first echo signals are acquired from the received ultrasonic signals, and fast Fourier transform is performed after all the first echo signals are averaged to obtain a first frequency spectrum; controlling a transmitting probe to transmit ultrasonic signals to a receiving probe in a simulated environment added with contrast agent microbubbles, collecting a plurality of second echo signals from the received ultrasonic signals, averaging all the second echo signals, and then performing fast Fourier transform to obtain a second frequency spectrum; and calculating attenuation coefficients of the contrast agent microbubbles according to the first frequency spectrum and the second frequency spectrum.
As a further improvement of the present application, the calculation formula of the attenuation coefficient is expressed as:
wherein α (f) represents an attenuation coefficient, S 1 Representing the first spectrum, S 2 Representing the second spectrum, z represents the distance traveled by sound, μ uca (f) Is an intermediate variable.
As a further improvement of the present application, controlling a transmitting probe and a receiving probe to receive ultrasonic signals under the same standard sound source, and analyzing a transfer function ratio of the transmitting probe to the receiving probe based on the received ultrasonic signals, includes: after the transmitting probe is controlled to receive ultrasonic signals transmitted by a standard sound source, a plurality of first pulse signals are acquired from the received ultrasonic signals, and fast Fourier transform is performed after all the first pulse signals are averaged to obtain a first amplitude spectrum; after the receiving probe is controlled to receive ultrasonic signals transmitted by the standard sound source, a plurality of second pulse signals are acquired from the received ultrasonic signals, and fast Fourier transform is performed after all the second pulse signals are averaged to obtain a second amplitude spectrum; and calculating the ratio of the first amplitude spectrum to the second amplitude spectrum to obtain a transfer function ratio.
As a further improvement of the present application, controlling a transmitting probe to transmit an ultrasonic signal in a simulated body environment in which a contrast agent microbubble is added while receiving a back-scattered signal from the contrast agent microbubble in the simulated body environment and analyzing to obtain a back-scattered signal amplitude spectrum, and controlling a receiving probe to receive a reference signal from the simulated body environment when the contrast agent microbubble is not present in the simulated body environment and analyzing to obtain a reference signal amplitude spectrum, includes: controlling a transmitting probe to transmit ultrasonic signals in a simulated body environment in which the contrast agent microbubbles are added, simultaneously receiving a plurality of back scattering signals from the contrast agent microbubbles in the simulated body environment, averaging all the back scattering signals, and then performing fast Fourier transform to obtain a back scattering signal amplitude spectrum; and controlling the receiving probe to receive the reference signals from the imitation environment when no contrast agent microbubbles exist in the imitation environment, averaging all the reference signals, and then performing fast Fourier transform to obtain a reference signal amplitude spectrum.
As a further improvement of the present application, the calculation formula of the backscattering coefficient is expressed as:
wherein σ represents the backscattering coefficient, z 0 Representing the focal length of the probe, A 0 Representing the surface area of the probe, Δz representing the length of the sample volume in the direction of acoustic propagation, S bsc (f) Representing the backscattering signal amplitude spectrum, S ref (f) Representing the reference signal amplitude spectrum, alpha 0 (f) Represents the attenuation coefficient of the solvent containing no contrast agent microbubbles, alpha (f) represents the attenuation coefficient of the solvent containing contrast agent microbubbles,
representing the transfer function ratio.
As a further improvement of the method, a plurality of groups of attenuation coefficients, scattering signal amplitude spectrums and reference signal amplitude spectrums are measured under different environmental pressures, and then the back scattering coefficients of the contrast agent microbubbles under different environmental pressures are calculated by combining the transfer function ratio with the plurality of groups of attenuation coefficients, scattering signal amplitude spectrums and reference signal amplitude spectrums under different environmental pressures.
In order to solve the technical problem, another technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows: there is provided a microbubble backscattering coefficient measuring apparatus, the apparatus comprising: a first measurement module for controlling the transmitting probe and the receiving probe to transmit ultrasonic signals in the presence and absence of microbubbles of the contrast agent to measure attenuation coefficients of the microbubbles of the contrast agent; the second measuring module is used for controlling the transmitting probe and the receiving probe to receive ultrasonic signals under the same standard sound source and analyzing the transfer function ratio of the transmitting probe and the receiving probe based on the received ultrasonic signals; the third measuring module is used for controlling the transmitting probe to transmit ultrasonic signals in an imitation environment added with contrast agent microbubbles and simultaneously receiving back scattering signals from the contrast agent microbubbles in the imitation environment, analyzing to obtain a back scattering signal amplitude spectrum, and simultaneously controlling the receiving probe to receive reference signals from the imitation environment when no contrast agent microbubbles are in the imitation environment, and analyzing to obtain a reference signal amplitude spectrum; and the calculation module is used for calculating the backscattering coefficient of the contrast agent microbubbles by using the attenuation coefficient, the transfer function ratio, the backscattering signal amplitude spectrum and the reference signal amplitude spectrum.
In order to solve the technical problem, a further technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows: there is provided a computer device comprising a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, the memory having stored therein program instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform the steps of the microbubble backscattering coefficient measurement method as set forth in any one of the preceding claims.
In order to solve the technical problem, a further technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows: a storage medium is provided that stores program instructions capable of implementing the microbubble backscattering coefficient measurement method according to any one of the above.
The beneficial effects of this application are: according to the microbubble backscattering coefficient measurement method, the attenuation coefficient of the contrast agent microbubble is measured by utilizing the transmitting probe and the receiving probe, then the transfer function ratio between the transmitting probe and the receiving probe is measured by combining a standard sound source, then the transmitting probe is used as a receiving and transmitting probe to measure the backscattering signal amplitude spectrum of the contrast agent microbubble, the reference signal amplitude spectrum when the receiving probe is used for measuring the non-contrast agent microbubble is measured, finally the backscattering coefficient of the contrast agent microbubble is obtained by combining the attenuation coefficient, the transfer function ratio, the backscattering signal amplitude spectrum and the reference signal amplitude spectrum through calculation, the absolute reflection coefficient of a reference plane which is difficult to obtain in a traditional measurement scheme is replaced by the transfer function ratio between the transmitting probe and the receiving probe, the transfer function ratio is easier to measure compared with the absolute reflection coefficient of the reference plane, the value is more accurate, and the backscattering coefficient obtained through calculation based on the transfer function ratio is more accurate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for measuring a backscattering coefficient of a microbubble according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of functional modules of a microbubble backscattering coefficient measurement apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a computer device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a storage medium according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the present disclosure, are within the scope of the present disclosure.
The terms "first," "second," "third," and the like in this application are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first", "a second", and "a third" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise. All directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back … …) in the embodiments of the present application are merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement, etc. between the components in a particular gesture (as shown in the drawings), and if the particular gesture changes, the directional indication changes accordingly. Furthermore, the terms "comprise" and "have," as well as any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not limited to only those listed steps or elements but may include other steps or elements not listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearances of such phrases in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those of skill in the art will explicitly and implicitly appreciate that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for measuring a backscattering coefficient of a microbubble according to an embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that, if there are substantially the same results, the method of the present invention is not limited to the flow sequence shown in fig. 1. As shown in fig. 1, the method for measuring the backscattering coefficient of the microbubbles comprises the steps of:
step S101: the transmitting probe and the receiving probe are controlled to perform ultrasonic signal transmission in the presence and absence of microbubbles of the contrast agent to measure attenuation coefficients of the microbubbles contrast agent.
Specifically, before the attenuation coefficient measurement is performed, the principle of the attenuation coefficient measurement needs to be known first, and the principle is specifically that:
by a broadband pulse acoustic attenuation experiment, the echo signals of the solution without contrast agent and the solution containing the contrast agent are subjected to spectrum analysis, and the acoustic attenuation in the measuring frequency range is obtained from the difference of the amplitude spectrums, so that the resonance frequency of the microbubbles is obtained from the attenuation spectrums.
The attenuation of ultrasound waves in tissue is manifested as attenuation of sound pressure or sound intensity along the propagation distance:
where z is the distance travelled by sound, μ 0 For an amplitude attenuation coefficient, mu for a homogeneous medium 0 Independent of spatial coordinates, but only as a function of frequency, can be written as mu 0 (f)，P 0 For initial sound pressure of the emitted sound wave, P (z) is a distance z traveled by the emitted sound waveThe sound pressure after that.
When no contrast agent is added into the solution, the amplitude attenuation coefficient of the solution is mu w Reference is made to the measured transmission signal P ref (z) is:
its amplitude spectrum S 1 (f) The method comprises the following steps: />
Wherein S is 0 (f) For the initial amplitude spectrum of the emitted sound waves.
When contrast agent is added into the solution, the amplitude attenuation coefficient of the solution is mu w +μ uca The transmission signal P at this time uca (z) is:
its amplitude spectrum S 2 (f) The method comprises the following steps: />
Then there are:
thus, the calculation formula of the attenuation coefficient is expressed as:
wherein α (f) represents an attenuation coefficient, S 1 Representing the first spectrum, S 2 Representing the second spectrum, z represents the distance traveled by sound, μ uca (f) Is an intermediate variable.
Based on the attenuation coefficient measurement principle of the contrast agent, step S101 specifically includes:
1. after the transmitting probe is controlled to transmit ultrasonic signals to the receiving probe in a simulated environment without adding contrast agent microbubbles, a plurality of first echo signals are acquired from the received ultrasonic signals, and fast Fourier transform is performed after all the first echo signals are averaged to obtain a first frequency spectrum.
2. And controlling the transmitting probe to transmit ultrasonic signals to the receiving probe in a simulated environment in which the contrast agent microbubbles are added, acquiring a plurality of second echo signals from the received ultrasonic signals, averaging all the second echo signals, and then performing fast Fourier transform to obtain a second frequency spectrum.
3. And calculating attenuation coefficients of the contrast agent microbubbles according to the first frequency spectrum and the second frequency spectrum.
Specifically, in this embodiment, a pair of single-element focused ultrasound transducers (V382-SU, panametrics, USA) with a diameter of 13mm, a focal length of 40mm, a center frequency of 3.5MHz, and a bandwidth of-6 dB of 2.58MHz to 5.47MHz are used as the transmitting probe and the receiving probe, respectively. The two probes are placed in a confocal mode, and the center of the simulated body environment is located at the focus of the probes. The ultrasonic signal transmitted by the transmitting probe is received by the receiving probe after passing through the imitation body environment, amplified by 20dB and A/D converted by a high-speed acquisition card with the sampling rate of 100 MS/s.
The specific measurement steps are as follows: firstly, reference measurement is carried out, 200ml of NaCl solution with the mass fraction of 0.9% is added into an imitation body environment, the sound path passed by the imitation body environment is 5cm, first echo signals of 64 ultrasonic signals are collected by each measurement, the 64 first echo signals are averaged, and then fast Fourier transform is carried out, so that a first frequency spectrum is obtained by calculation. Then, 100. Mu.l of the original solution of the contrast agent microbubbles was added to the simulated environment. After the solutions were mixed uniformly, measurement was started. Similarly, each time of measurement, the second echo signals of 64 ultrasonic signals are collected, the average of the 64 second echo signals is carried out, and then the fast Fourier transform is carried out, so that a second frequency spectrum is obtained through calculation.
Step S102: and under the same standard sound source, controlling the transmitting probe and the receiving probe to receive the ultrasonic signals, and analyzing the transfer function ratio of the transmitting probe and the receiving probe based on the received ultrasonic signals.
The step S102 specifically includes:
1. after the transmitting probe is controlled to receive ultrasonic signals transmitted by the standard sound source, a plurality of first pulse signals are acquired from the received ultrasonic signals, and after all the first pulse signals are averaged, fast Fourier transform is carried out to obtain a first amplitude spectrum.
2. And after the receiving probe is controlled to receive the ultrasonic signals transmitted by the standard sound source, a plurality of second pulse signals are acquired from the received ultrasonic signals, and the second pulse signals are averaged and then subjected to fast Fourier transform to obtain a second amplitude spectrum.
3. And calculating the ratio of the first amplitude spectrum to the second amplitude spectrum to obtain a transfer function ratio.
Specifically, in this embodiment, a Tone burst pulse generated by a programmable arbitrary signal generator (AFG 3102, tektronix, usa) is used to excite a focusing ultrasonic transducer (focal length 40 mm) with a center frequency of 3.5MHz as a standard sound source, and the frequency interval is 0.05MHz. To reduce the effect of nonlinear propagation of acoustic waves on the measurement, the excitation voltage of the probe is set to 2VPP. The signal at the focus of the transducer is received by a confocal transmitting probe (the central frequency is 3.5MHz, the focal length is 40 mm), amplified by a 40dB pre-amplifier (5800 PR, panametics, USA), and subjected to corresponding post-processing after A/D conversion by a high-speed acquisition card (Octopus 822F, gage, lockport, IL, USA) with the sampling rate of 100 MS/s. In the post-processing, the acquired 64 first pulse signals are firstly averaged to eliminate noise, and then the average signals are subjected to fast fourier transform to obtain a first amplitude spectrum of the received voltage signal. The above procedure is repeated, and a second amplitude spectrum of the received voltage signal of the confocal receiving probe (center frequency 3.5MHz, focal length 40 mm) is measured, so that the transfer function ratio of the two probes, namely the relative transfer function:
wherein,,
representing the transfer function ratio, V 1 (f) Representing a first magnitude spectrum, V 2 (f) Representing a second magnitude spectrum.
Step S103: the method comprises the steps of controlling a transmitting probe to transmit ultrasonic signals in a simulated body environment added with contrast agent microbubbles, simultaneously receiving back scattering signals from the contrast agent microbubbles in the simulated body environment, analyzing to obtain a back scattering signal amplitude spectrum, and simultaneously controlling a receiving probe to receive reference signals from the simulated body environment when the contrast agent microbubbles are not in the simulated body environment, and analyzing to obtain the reference signal amplitude spectrum.
Specifically, the measurement principle of the backscattering coefficient is:
after obtaining the attenuation coefficient of the ultrasound contrast agent solution, the back-scattering coefficient may be further measured.
For the current method employing a reference reflection plane, the backscattering coefficient is calculated according to the following equation:
wherein σ represents the backscattering coefficient, z 0 Represents the focal length of the probe, Γ represents the emissivity of the rigid plane, a 0 Representing the surface area of the probe, Δz representing the length of the sample volume in the direction of acoustic propagation, S bsc (f) Representing the backscattering signal amplitude spectrum, S ref (f) Representing the reference signal amplitude spectrum, alpha 0 (f) The attenuation coefficient of the solvent containing no contrast agent microbubbles is represented, and α (f) represents the attenuation coefficient of the solvent containing contrast agent microbubbles.
In this embodiment, a pair of confocal probes is used instead of the reference reflection plane, so the calculation formula of the backscattering coefficient is expressed as follows:
wherein σ represents the backscattering coefficient, z 0 Representing the focal length of the probe, A 0 Representing the surface area of the probe, Δz representing the length of the sample volume in the direction of acoustic propagation, S bsc (f) Representing the backscattering signal amplitude spectrum, S ref (f) Representing the reference signal amplitude spectrum, alpha 0 (f) Represents the attenuation coefficient of the solvent containing no contrast agent microbubbles, alpha (f) represents the attenuation coefficient of the solvent containing contrast agent microbubbles,
representing the transfer function ratio. In this example, the attenuation coefficient of the solvent containing no contrast agent microbubbles was obtained in advance.
Further, step S103 specifically includes:
1. and controlling the transmitting probe to transmit ultrasonic signals in a simulated body environment in which the contrast agent microbubbles are added, simultaneously receiving a plurality of back scattering signals from the contrast agent microbubbles in the simulated body environment, averaging all the back scattering signals, and then performing fast Fourier transform to obtain a back scattering signal amplitude spectrum.
2. And controlling the receiving probe to receive the reference signals from the imitation environment when no contrast agent microbubbles exist in the imitation environment, averaging all the reference signals, and then performing fast Fourier transform to obtain a reference signal amplitude spectrum.
Specifically, this embodiment uses a pulse transceiver (5800 PR, panametrics, USA) to transmit a pulse of 12.5 μJ energy at a pulse repetition rate of 1kHz. The transmitting pulse drives a single array element focusing transmitting probe with the central frequency of 3.5MHz and the focal length of 25.4mm to transmit ultrasonic excitation signals. The focus of the transmitting probe is positioned at the center of the simulated body environment, the transmitting probe is used as a receiving and transmitting probe, and the transmitting sound wave simultaneously receives the back scattering signal from the contrast agent microbubbles in the simulated body environment; and the other confocal receiving probe with the center frequency of 3.5MHz and the focal length of 25.4mm receives a reference signal when no contrast agent microbubbles exist in the simulated body environment loop. The back scattering signal received by the transmitting probe is further amplified by a gain of 40dB through a preamplifier and is subjected to low-pass filtering, the back scattering signal is acquired and stored after being digitally processed by an acquisition card at a sampling frequency of 100MHz, 500 receiving signals are acquired each time, then the back scattering signal amplitude spectrum of the 500 receiving signals is subjected to post-processing on the received receiving signals, and the back scattering signal amplitude spectrum of the 500 receiving signals is calculated by utilizing fast Fourier transform. Repeating the steps to obtain the reference signal amplitude spectrum of the reference signal received by the receiving probe.
Step S104: and calculating the backscattering coefficient of the contrast agent microbubbles by using the attenuation coefficient, the transfer function ratio, the backscattering signal amplitude spectrum and the reference signal amplitude spectrum.
Specifically, the attenuation coefficient, the transfer function ratio, the backscattering signal amplitude spectrum and the reference signal amplitude spectrum are substituted into a backscattering coefficient calculation formula to be calculated, and then the backscattering coefficient of the contrast agent microbubbles can be obtained.
Further, the current methods of measuring attenuation coefficient and backscatter coefficient are both measured at standard atmospheric pressure (ambient pressure 0 mmHg). And the blood pressure variation range in the human body is in the range of 0-200mmHg, so that the existing attenuation coefficient and back scattering coefficient measuring method is not suitable for the human body environment. In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, in this embodiment, the attenuation coefficient, the scattering signal amplitude spectrum, and the reference signal amplitude spectrum are measured in multiple groups under different environmental pressures, and then the backscattering coefficients of the contrast agent microbubbles under different environmental pressures are calculated by combining the transfer function ratio with the multiple groups of attenuation coefficients, the scattering signal amplitude spectrum, and the reference signal amplitude spectrum under different environmental pressures.
According to the microbubble backscattering coefficient measurement method, the attenuation coefficient of the contrast agent microbubble is measured by using the transmitting probe and the receiving probe, then the transfer function ratio between the transmitting probe and the receiving probe is measured by combining a standard sound source, then the transmitting probe is used as a receiving and transmitting probe to measure the backscattering signal amplitude spectrum of the contrast agent microbubble, the reference signal amplitude spectrum when the receiving probe measures the contrast agent-free microbubble is measured, finally the backscattering coefficient of the contrast agent microbubble is obtained by combining the attenuation coefficient, the transfer function ratio, the backscattering signal amplitude spectrum and the reference signal amplitude spectrum through calculation, the absolute reflection coefficient of a reference plane which is difficult to obtain in a traditional measurement scheme is replaced by the transfer function ratio between the transmitting probe and the receiving probe, the transfer function ratio is easier to measure compared with the absolute reflection coefficient of the reference plane, the value is more accurate, and therefore the backscattering coefficient obtained through calculation based on the transfer function ratio is more accurate.
Fig. 2 is a schematic functional block diagram of a microbubble backscattering coefficient measurement apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2, the microbubble backscattering coefficient measurement apparatus 20 includes a first measurement module 21, a second measurement module 22, a third measurement module 23, and a calculation module 24.
A first measurement module 21 for controlling the transmitting probe and the receiving probe to perform ultrasonic signal transmission in the presence and absence of the microbubble contrast agent to measure the attenuation coefficient of the microbubble contrast agent;
the second measurement module 22 is configured to control the transmitting probe and the receiving probe to receive the ultrasonic signal under the same standard sound source, and analyze a transfer function ratio of the transmitting probe to the receiving probe based on the received ultrasonic signal;
a third measurement module 23, configured to control the transmitting probe to transmit an ultrasonic signal in a simulated body environment in which a contrast agent microbubble is added, and simultaneously receive a back-scattered signal from the contrast agent microbubble in the simulated body environment, and analyze the back-scattered signal to obtain a magnitude spectrum of the back-scattered signal, and control the receiving probe to receive a reference signal from the simulated body environment when the contrast agent microbubble is not present in the simulated body environment, and analyze the magnitude spectrum of the reference signal;
a calculation module 24, configured to calculate a backscatter coefficient of the contrast agent microbubbles using the attenuation coefficient, the transfer function ratio, the backscatter signal magnitude spectrum, and the reference signal magnitude spectrum.
Optionally, the first measurement module 21 performs an operation of controlling the transmitting probe and the receiving probe to transmit ultrasonic signals in the presence and absence of the microbubbles of the contrast agent to measure the attenuation coefficient of the microbubble contrast agent, specifically including: after the transmitting probe is controlled to transmit ultrasonic signals to the receiving probe in a simulated environment without adding contrast agent microbubbles, a plurality of first echo signals are acquired from the received ultrasonic signals, and fast Fourier transform is performed after all the first echo signals are averaged to obtain a first frequency spectrum; controlling a transmitting probe to transmit ultrasonic signals to a receiving probe in a simulated environment added with contrast agent microbubbles, collecting a plurality of second echo signals from the received ultrasonic signals, averaging all the second echo signals, and then performing fast Fourier transform to obtain a second frequency spectrum; and calculating attenuation coefficients of the contrast agent microbubbles according to the first frequency spectrum and the second frequency spectrum.
Alternatively, the calculation formula of the attenuation coefficient is expressed as:
wherein α (f) represents an attenuation coefficient, S 1 Representing the first spectrum, S 2 Representing the second spectrum, z represents the distance traveled by sound, μ uca (f) Is an intermediate variable.
Optionally, the second measurement module 22 performs an operation of controlling the transmitting probe and the receiving probe to receive the ultrasonic signal under the same standard sound source, and analyzing a transfer function ratio of the transmitting probe to the receiving probe based on the received ultrasonic signal, and specifically includes: after the transmitting probe is controlled to receive ultrasonic signals transmitted by a standard sound source, a plurality of first pulse signals are acquired from the received ultrasonic signals, and fast Fourier transform is performed after all the first pulse signals are averaged to obtain a first amplitude spectrum; after the receiving probe is controlled to receive ultrasonic signals transmitted by the standard sound source, a plurality of second pulse signals are acquired from the received ultrasonic signals, and fast Fourier transform is performed after all the second pulse signals are averaged to obtain a second amplitude spectrum; and calculating the ratio of the first amplitude spectrum to the second amplitude spectrum to obtain a transfer function ratio.
Optionally, the second measurement module 23 performs an operation of controlling the transmitting probe to transmit an ultrasonic signal in the simulated body environment to which the contrast agent microbubbles are added while receiving a back-scattered signal from the contrast agent microbubbles in the simulated body environment and analyzing to obtain a back-scattered signal amplitude spectrum, and controlling the receiving probe to receive a reference signal from the simulated body environment when the contrast agent microbubbles are not present in the simulated body environment and analyzing to obtain the reference signal amplitude spectrum, and specifically includes: controlling a transmitting probe to transmit ultrasonic signals in a simulated body environment in which the contrast agent microbubbles are added, simultaneously receiving a plurality of back scattering signals from the contrast agent microbubbles in the simulated body environment, averaging all the back scattering signals, and then performing fast Fourier transform to obtain a back scattering signal amplitude spectrum; and controlling the receiving probe to receive the reference signals from the imitation environment when no contrast agent microbubbles exist in the imitation environment, averaging all the reference signals, and then performing fast Fourier transform to obtain a reference signal amplitude spectrum.
Alternatively, the calculation formula of the backscatter coefficient is expressed as:
wherein σ represents the backscattering coefficient, z 0 Representing the focal length of the probe, A 0 Representing the surface area of the probe, Δz representing the length of the sample volume in the direction of acoustic propagation, S bsc (f) Representing the backscattering signal amplitude spectrum, S ref (f) Representing the reference signal amplitude spectrum, alpha 0 (f) Represents the attenuation coefficient of the solvent containing no contrast agent microbubbles, alpha (f) represents the attenuation coefficient of the solvent containing contrast agent microbubbles,
representing the transfer function ratio.
Optionally, the attenuation coefficient, the scattering signal amplitude spectrum and the reference signal amplitude spectrum are measured in multiple groups under different environmental pressures, and then the back scattering coefficient of the contrast agent microbubbles under different environmental pressures is calculated by combining the transfer function ratio with the multiple groups of attenuation coefficient, the scattering signal amplitude spectrum and the reference signal amplitude spectrum under different environmental pressures.
Further details regarding the implementation of the modules in the microbubble backscattering coefficient measurement apparatus according to the above embodiment, reference may be made to the description of the method for measuring the backscattering coefficient of microbubbles in the above embodiments, and the description thereof will be omitted.
It should be noted that, in the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described as different from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to be referred to each other. For the apparatus class embodiments, the description is relatively simple as it is substantially similar to the method embodiments, and reference is made to the description of the method embodiments for relevant points.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a computer device according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 3, the computer device 30 includes a processor 31 and a memory 32 coupled to the processor 31, wherein the memory 32 stores program instructions that, when executed by the processor 31, cause the processor 31 to perform the steps of the method for measuring a backscattering coefficient of a microbubble according to any one of the embodiments.
The processor 31 may also be referred to as a CPU (Central Processing Unit ). The processor 31 may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. The processor 31 may also be a general purpose processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a storage medium according to an embodiment of the present invention. The storage medium according to the embodiment of the present invention stores a program instruction 41 capable of implementing the above-mentioned method for measuring a backscattering coefficient of a microbubble, where the program instruction 41 may be stored in the storage medium in the form of a software product, and includes several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) or a processor (processor) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present application. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a random-access Memory (RAM, random Access Memory), a magnetic disk, an optical disk, or other various media capable of storing program codes, or a computer device such as a computer, a server, a mobile phone, a tablet, or the like.
In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed computer apparatus, device, and method may be implemented in other manners. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative, e.g., the division of elements is merely a logical functional division, and there may be additional divisions of actual implementation, e.g., multiple elements or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not performed. Alternatively, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed with each other may be an indirect coupling or communication connection via some interfaces, devices or units, which may be in electrical, mechanical or other form.
In addition, each functional unit in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated in one unit. The integrated units may be implemented in hardware or in software functional units. The foregoing is only the embodiments of the present application, and not the patent scope of the present application is limited by the foregoing description, but all equivalent structures or equivalent processes using the contents of the present application and the accompanying drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, which are included in the patent protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A method for measuring a microbubble backscattering coefficient, the method comprising:
controlling a transmitting probe and a receiving probe to transmit ultrasonic signals in the presence and absence of microbubbles of a contrast agent to measure an attenuation coefficient of the microbubble contrast agent;
under the same standard sound source, controlling the transmitting probe and the receiving probe to receive ultrasonic signals, and analyzing the transfer function ratio of the transmitting probe to the receiving probe based on the received ultrasonic signals;
controlling the transmitting probe to transmit ultrasonic signals in a simulated body environment added with contrast agent microbubbles and simultaneously receive back scattering signals from the contrast agent microbubbles in the simulated body environment, analyzing to obtain a back scattering signal amplitude spectrum, and simultaneously controlling the receiving probe to receive reference signals from the simulated body environment when no contrast agent microbubbles are in the simulated body environment, and analyzing to obtain a reference signal amplitude spectrum;
and calculating the backscattering coefficient of the contrast agent microbubbles by using the attenuation coefficient, the transfer function ratio, the backscattering signal amplitude spectrum and the reference signal amplitude spectrum.
2. The microbubble backscattering coefficient measurement method according to claim 1, wherein the controlling of the transmitting probe and the receiving probe for ultrasonic signal transmission in the presence of a contrast agent microbubble and in the absence of a microbubble contrast agent to measure an attenuation coefficient of the microbubble contrast agent comprises:
after the transmitting probe is controlled to transmit ultrasonic signals to the receiving probe in an imitation environment without adding contrast agent microbubbles, a plurality of first echo signals are acquired from the received ultrasonic signals, and fast Fourier transform is performed after all the first echo signals are averaged to obtain a first frequency spectrum;
after the transmitting probe is controlled to transmit ultrasonic signals to the receiving probe in a simulated environment added with contrast agent microbubbles, a plurality of second echo signals are acquired from the received ultrasonic signals, and fast Fourier transform is performed after all the second echo signals are averaged to obtain a second frequency spectrum;
and calculating attenuation coefficients of the contrast agent microbubbles according to the first frequency spectrum and the second frequency spectrum.
3. The microbubble backscattering coefficient measurement method according to claim 2, wherein the calculation formula of the attenuation coefficient is expressed as:
wherein α (f) represents the attenuation coefficient, S 1 Representing the first spectrum, S 2 Representing the second spectrum, z representing the distance traveled by sound, μ uca (f) Is an intermediate variable.
4. The microbubble backscattering coefficient measurement method according to claim 1, wherein the controlling the transmitting probe and the receiving probe to receive the ultrasonic signal under the same standard sound source, and analyzing the transfer function ratio of the transmitting probe to the receiving probe based on the received ultrasonic signal, comprises:
after the transmitting probe is controlled to receive ultrasonic signals transmitted by the standard sound source, a plurality of first pulse signals are acquired from the received ultrasonic signals, and fast Fourier transform is performed after all the first pulse signals are averaged to obtain a first amplitude spectrum;
after the receiving probe is controlled to receive the ultrasonic signals transmitted by the standard sound source, a plurality of second pulse signals are acquired from the received ultrasonic signals, and the second pulse signals are averaged and then subjected to fast Fourier transform to obtain a second amplitude spectrum;
and calculating the ratio of the first amplitude spectrum to the second amplitude spectrum to obtain the transfer function ratio.
5. The microbubble backscattering coefficient measurement method according to claim 1, wherein the controlling the transmitting probe to transmit the ultrasonic signal in the simulated body environment to which the contrast agent microbubbles are added while receiving the backscattering signal from the contrast agent microbubbles in the simulated body environment and analyzing to obtain a backscattering signal amplitude spectrum, and controlling the receiving probe to receive the reference signal from the simulated body environment when the contrast agent microbubbles are not present in the simulated body environment and analyzing to obtain the reference signal amplitude spectrum, comprises:
controlling the transmitting probe to transmit ultrasonic signals in an imitation environment added with contrast agent microbubbles, simultaneously receiving a plurality of back scattering signals from the contrast agent microbubbles in the imitation environment, averaging all the back scattering signals, and then performing fast Fourier transform to obtain a back scattering signal amplitude spectrum;
and controlling the receiving probe to receive the reference signals from the simulated body environment when no contrast agent microbubbles exist in the simulated body environment, averaging all the reference signals, and then performing fast Fourier transform to obtain a reference signal amplitude spectrum.
6. The microbubble backscattering coefficient measurement method according to claim 1, wherein the calculation formula of the backscattering coefficient is expressed as:
wherein σ represents the backscattering coefficient, z 0 Representing the focal length of the probe, A 0 Representing the surface area of the probe, Δz representing the length of the sample volume in the direction of acoustic propagation, S bsc (f) Representing the backscattering signal amplitude spectrum, S ref (f) Representing the reference signal amplitude spectrum, alpha 0 (f) Represents the attenuation coefficient of the solvent containing no contrast agent microbubbles, alpha (f) represents the attenuation coefficient of the solvent containing contrast agent microbubbles,
representing the transfer function ratio.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the attenuation coefficient, the scattering signal amplitude spectrum and the reference signal amplitude spectrum are measured in a plurality of groups under different environmental pressures, and the transfer function ratio is used to calculate the backscattering coefficient of the contrast agent microbubbles under different environmental pressures by combining the plurality of groups of the attenuation coefficient, the scattering signal amplitude spectrum and the reference signal amplitude spectrum under different environmental pressures.
8. A microbubble backscattering coefficient measurement apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
a first measurement module for controlling the transmitting probe and the receiving probe to transmit ultrasonic signals in the presence of a microbubble of contrast agent and in the absence of a microbubble of contrast agent to measure the attenuation coefficient of the microbubble of contrast agent;
the second measuring module is used for controlling the transmitting probe and the receiving probe to receive ultrasonic signals under the same standard sound source, and analyzing the transfer function ratio of the transmitting probe and the receiving probe based on the received ultrasonic signals;
the third measuring module is used for controlling the transmitting probe to transmit ultrasonic signals in an imitation environment added with contrast agent microbubbles and simultaneously receiving back scattering signals from the contrast agent microbubbles in the imitation environment, analyzing to obtain a back scattering signal amplitude spectrum, and simultaneously controlling the receiving probe to receive reference signals from the imitation environment when no contrast agent microbubbles are in the imitation environment, and analyzing to obtain a reference signal amplitude spectrum;
and the calculating module is used for calculating the backscattering coefficient of the contrast agent microbubbles by using the attenuation coefficient, the transfer function ratio, the backscattering signal amplitude spectrum and the reference signal amplitude spectrum.
9. A computer device comprising a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, the memory having stored therein program instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform the steps of the microbubble backscattering coefficient measurement method of any one of claims 1-7.
10. A storage medium storing program instructions for implementing the method for measuring a backscatter coefficient of a microbubble according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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| PCT/CN2023/133424 WO2024109835A1 (en) | 2022-11-23 | 2023-11-22 | Microbubble backscattering coefficient measurement method and apparatus, device and storage medium |
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| KR102140538B1 (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2020-08-04 | 강원대학교산학협력단 | Apparatus for estimating bone mineral density and bone structure using frequency dependence of ultrasonic backscatter coefficient |
| CN116026918A (en) * | 2022-11-23 | 2023-04-28 | 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 | Microbubble backscattering coefficient measurement method, device, equipment and storage medium |
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