CN116026215A - Light spot position detection system based on graphene-germanium-based position sensitive detector - Google Patents
Light spot position detection system based on graphene-germanium-based position sensitive detector Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a light spot position detection system based on a graphene-germanium-based position sensitive detector, and belongs to the technical field of photoelectricity. The system comprises a graphene/germanium-based photoconductive position sensitive detector module, an analog signal processing module and a data acquisition and processing module. The analog signal processing circuit mainly comprises a front operational amplifier and dark current compensation circuit, a second-order band-pass filter circuit, a rear automatic gain differential operation circuit and a peak detection circuit, and realizes I/V conversion amplification, filtering, differential operation and peak detection on four paths of photocurrent signals output by the detector under the bias condition. The data acquisition and processing module controls the A/D module through the FPGA to realize the digital processing of peak voltage, and automatically adjusts the analog switch channel according to the converted voltage value to realize automatic gain control. The invention improves the signal-to-noise ratio, optimizes the system structure, designs the analog circuit and the digital circuit separately, and enhances the scene applicability of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photoelectricity, and relates to a spot position detection system based on a graphene-germanium-based position sensitive detector.
Background
A position sensitive detector (position sensitive detector, PSD) is a photo-position sensor that uses the surface resistance of a photodiode to measure the continuous position of a light spot on the detector surface. Unlike discrete element detectors such as CCDs, photoconductive position sensitive detectors can provide continuous position data, high position resolution, and high speed response. Which is a new type of photovoltaic device, or called a coordinate photovoltaic cell. The device is a non-split type device, and can convert the position of a light spot on a photosensitive surface into an electric signal. The psd consists of a p-substrate, a pin photodiode and a surface resistor. The method has the advantages of high position resolution, high response speed, simple processing circuit and the like. When the light spot is incident on the photosensitive area of the surface of the detector, the light signal is converted into an electric signal according to the transverse photoconductive effect device and moves to the electrode areas at four corners, and the magnitude of the finally output photocurrent is different due to the difference of the distances from the light spot to the electrode areas, and finally the light spot position is calculated through a light spot position coordinate formula.
The signal processing circuit is designed by mainly using an integrated operational amplifier or an application specific analog integrated circuit and a small number of external elements to form a processing circuit with various functions. The main functions are signal amplification, signal filtering, impedance matching, level conversion, nonlinear compensation, current/voltage conversion, voltage/frequency conversion and the like. The signal circuit finally converts various natural analog quantities into digital voltage signals which can be acquired, and detection and identification of the natural quantities are realized. The general PSD signal processing circuit mainly comprises a front-stage operational amplifying circuit and a rear-stage differential operational amplifying circuit. The simple two-stage operational amplifier has no obvious effect on the dark current and noise treatment of the detector. In order to improve the accuracy and stability of the position detection system, it is important to design dark current compensation and special filtering short circuit.
The peak value detection circuit is used for detecting the positive peak value or the negative peak value of an input alternating current signal or pulse signal through a design circuit, can immediately output a direct current voltage basically equal to the peak value, and is generally widely applied to an automatic gain control circuit and a sensor maximum value detection circuit. In practical circuit design, the peak detection circuit generally comprises a peak identification circuit, a peak sampling circuit and a peak holding circuit, and is influenced by the amplitude and the frequency of the detected signal. How to design a simple and effective circuit structure to realize a circuit structure with high detection frequency and small peak error is a key of the circuit design.
An Automatic Gain Control (AGC) circuit is a special circuit that stabilizes or limits the amplitude of an output signal to a small range of variation when the amplitude of the input signal varies significantly. The AGC circuit is used to ensure the stability of the receiving amplitude, and has been widely used in various receivers, recorders and signal acquisition systems, and in addition, in communication systems such as optical fiber communication, microwave communication, satellite communication, and radar, broadcast television systems.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a spot position detection system based on a graphene-germanium-based position sensitive detector, which converts an optical signal into a weak current signal when the graphene/germanium detector detects incident light in a corresponding band, and the detector can be equivalently a circuit model according to charge and discharge of the detector and conduction characteristics of an actual photocurrent, wherein the circuit model is composed of a resistor, a parasitic capacitance, a weak current output meter and a diode. In practical application, the output photocurrent has a larger variation range according to the difference of the incident light power of the responsivity of the device. And the device has the problem of difficult avoidance of dark current and larger noise output under the bias operation condition. The dark current varies from 1 nanoamp to a few microamps according to the different materials of the detector and the different manufacturing structures and processes of the device, and can influence the accuracy of spot position detection to a certain extent. The noise of the detection system mainly comprises 1/f noise, thermal noise and high-frequency oscillation noise generated by devices. Designing a signal processing circuit to reduce the effects of dark current and noise on system accuracy and stability is one of the problems to be solved.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the system comprises a graphene/germanium-based photoconductive position sensitive detector, a bias circuit, a DC-DC power module, a front operational amplifier, a dark current compensation circuit, a second-order band-pass filter circuit, a rear automatic gain differential operational amplifier circuit, a peak detection circuit, an A/D conversion circuit and an analog switch;
the graphene/germanium-based photoconductive position sensitive detector completes photoelectric conversion of incident laser and outputs 4 paths of photocurrent signals under the working condition of a bias circuit;
the DC-DC power module, the front operational amplifier and dark current compensation circuit, the second-order band-pass filter circuit, the rear automatic gain differential operational amplifier circuit and the peak detection circuit form an analog signal processing module, the I/V conversion amplification, filtering, differential operation and peak detection output of a photocurrent signal output by the bias circuit are realized, the A/D conversion circuit and the analog switch controlled by the FPGA form a data acquisition and processing module, the peak voltage of the signal detected by the peak detection circuit is acquired and converted into a digital signal to be input into the FPGA, the FPGA adjusts the analog switch according to the sampling voltage value, the automatic gain control of the automatic gain differential operational circuit is realized, and the digital voltage value is subjected to algorithm processing to output the spot position coordinates.
Optionally, in the graphene/germanium-based photoconductive position-sensitive detector, the wavelength is 10×10mm 2 The device region is designed at four corners of the intrinsic germanium substrate, the device comprises a pair of gold electrodes and is connected by graphene conditions, and the device comprisesThe effective photosensitive area is 8mm 2 ：
The calculation formula of the detector light spot position (x, y) algorithm is as follows:
wherein i is x1 ，i x2 ，i y1 ，i y2 Output current signals of four corner device areas of the graphene/germanium-based photoconductive position sensitive detector respectively; l is the side length of the square effective photosensitive area of the detector.
Optionally, in the bias circuit, device areas in the graphene/germanium-based photoconductive position sensitive detector are respectively connected with a 1V bias power supply output by a DC-DC power supply module in the analog signal processing module.
Optionally, in the DC-DC power module, a 24V voltage source input by an external DC power source is down-converted into positive and negative 15V, 5V and 1V power sources, which are used for power supply of each part of functional circuit chips in the system and bias voltage of the detector;
the front operational amplifier and dark current compensation circuit converts the thought photocurrent signal output by the bias circuit into a voltage signal and performs operational amplification;
the second-order band-pass filter circuit filters the voltage output by the front operational amplifier and the dark current compensation circuit, reduces the high-frequency and 1/f noise power in the signal and outputs the signal voltage;
the post automatic gain differential operational amplification circuit is used for carrying out adaptive differential operational amplification on the signal voltage output by the second-order band-pass filter circuit according to the gain control signal transmitted by the analog switch;
and the peak detection circuit is used for detecting the peak value of the signal voltage when the incident laser is a pulse light spot and outputting a stable direct current signal for detecting the position of the light spot.
Optionally, the a/D conversion circuit samples two paths of analog peak voltage signals and converts the signals into digital signals to be input into the FPGA for position data processing;
the analog switch receives the FPGA transmission control signal, automatically adjusts the analog switch control signal and inputs the analog switch control signal into the rear automatic gain differential operational amplification circuit to amplify the signal;
and calculating the coordinates of the light spot positions according to the digital voltage signals, converting the coordinates of the light spot positions of the UI interface, and finally transmitting data to the PC end through the serial port.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) In a traditional position sensitive detection system, a signal processing circuit is of a simple two-stage operational amplifier structure, the requirements for the stability and accuracy of detecting the position of a light spot and the detection of pulse laser in a 1550nm band communication system cannot be met, and the analog signal processing circuit designed by the system introduces a dark current compensation and filtering circuit and optimizes the dark current compensation and filtering circuit, so that the signal-to-noise ratio, the position detection accuracy and the stability of the light spot position detection system are improved.
(2) The invention designs an automatic gain differential operation circuit, realizes automatic gain control while realizing the searching operation of four paths of photocurrent signals, outputs stable direct current voltage signals and has a peak value suitable for A/D acquisition. The designed peak detection circuit can detect alternating current or pulse input light spots, and the peak detection accuracy is higher.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out in the specification.
Drawings
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in the following preferred detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a graphene/germanium photoconductive position sensitive detector device of design;
FIG. 2 is an equivalent model diagram of a circuit depicted according to design of the output characteristics of a graphene/germanium photoconductive position sensitive detector;
fig. 3 is an overall schematic diagram of a designed spot detection system.
Detailed Description
Other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, which describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to specific examples. The invention may be practiced or carried out in other embodiments that depart from the specific details, and the details of the present description may be modified or varied from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments merely illustrate the basic idea of the present invention by way of illustration, and the following embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Wherein the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are shown in schematic, non-physical, and not intended to limit the invention; for the purpose of better illustrating embodiments of the invention, certain elements of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced and do not represent the size of the actual product; it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The same or similar reference numbers in the drawings of embodiments of the invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that, if there are terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc., that indicate an azimuth or a positional relationship based on the azimuth or the positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but not for indicating or suggesting that the referred device or element must have a specific azimuth, be constructed and operated in a specific azimuth, so that the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are merely for exemplary illustration and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that the specific meaning of the above terms may be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
Fig. 1 is a top and side view block diagram of a graphene/germanium photoconductive position sensitive detector for use in a designed spot position detection system. And designing device areas at four corners of the surface of the germanium substrate, and paving graphene strips between metal electrodes to form the position sensitive detector. When the system works, the detector is conducted in the bias circuit, and the signal generator is used for modulating the 1550nm laser to emit pulse laser irradiation device, so that the detector outputs four paths of photocurrent signals.
FIG. 2 is a circuit model of the detector bias operating conditions. R1 is an isolation resistor of a bias circuit; IP is the photocurrent equivalent current source; d is an ideal diode; cj is parasitic capacitance; rsh is graphene ribbon equivalent resistance. The analog signal processing circuit provides 1V bias voltage, and all the x1, x2, y1 and y2 device areas are connected with isolation resistors in series, so that the bias voltages of the four device areas are isolated and photocurrent signals are independently output.
Analog signal processing circuitry:
as shown in fig. 3, an embodiment of the analog signal processing module and the data acquisition and processing module is described.
The DC-DC power supply module is used for providing 24V direct current power supply input from the outside, a switch, a power supply indicator lamp and an anti-reverse circuit are designed aiming at the input, the anti-reverse circuit consists of a self-recovery capacitor wire, a voltage-stabilizing diode and a capacitor, and when the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power supply are reversely connected, the connection with a rear-stage circuit is automatically disconnected. The 24V is converted into positive and negative 15V through buck conversion, and the power supply is provided by an operational amplification chip in a front operational amplifier and dark current compensation circuit, a band-pass filter circuit and a rear automatic gain differential operational amplification circuit.
In addition, the 15V power supply is connected with the first DC-DC voltage reducing module, and positive and negative 5V power supply output is converted and output through the voltage reducing chip and the matched circuit, and the power supply output mainly has two parts of functions.
And the function 1 is that a 5V-to-1V voltage reduction module is connected to realize 1V power supply output and bias voltage is given to a detector bias circuit.
And 2, providing power for the A/D conversion circuit and providing power for the peak detection circuit operation chip as reference voltage.
And 3, designing a second DC-DC voltage reduction module to convert 5V into positive and negative 3.3V for supplying power and reference voltage to the FPGA chip.
Therefore, after the description of the functional implementation mode of the DC-DC power supply module of the signal processing circuit is finished, the power supply outputs with different amplitudes are designed to be connected with the probe, so that the detection of the power supply function implementation condition in practical application is facilitated.
In the following description of the implementation process of the signal processing circuit function, the four output signal processing processes of the position sensitive amplifier are the same except for the operation of the post-analog operational amplifier module, and the implementation process of the description module is described by taking one output as an example.
The front-end operational amplifier and dark current compensation circuit receives four paths of photocurrent signals output by the bias circuit and inputs the four paths of photocurrent signals into the reverse input end of the instrument amplifier, and the fixed gain feedback circuit is adopted to convert the current signals into voltage signals and amplify the voltage signals. And under the condition of no illumination, the potentiometer of the dark current compensation circuit at the reverse input end is regulated, the voltage at the output end of the amplifier is regulated to be within 100uV, and the dark current compensation of the detector is realized.
The module mainly comprises a resistance-capacitance network matched with the integrated low-pass filter chip and a second-order high-pass filter. The second-order high-pass filter is used for filtering 1/f noise in the signal, and the integrated low-pass filter is used for filtering high-frequency noise in the signal. The circuit receives the effective voltage signal output by the front operational amplifier and the dark current compensation circuit, and outputs a high signal-to-noise ratio voltage signal under the combined action of the two parts of filter circuits.
The partial circuit firstly selects four-input integrated operational amplifying chip as core device, and uses voltage signal corresponding to photocurrent output by each electrode zone of the detector according to each item (i) in the position-sensitive detector facula position calculation formula x2 +i y1 )-(i x1 +i y2 )、(i x2 +i y2 )-(i x1 +i y1 ) (i) x2 +i x1 +i y2 +i y1 ) And (5) completing the differential operation. In addition, a feedback circuit part in the circuit is composed of analog switch circuits combined with different gain resistors, and the output voltage after differential operation is regulated and controlled between 0.3V and 4.7V through FPGA control.
And the peak detection circuit receives the effective voltage signal from the rear automatic gain differential operational amplification circuit, extracts the peak value of the pulse signal or the alternating current signal and outputs the peak value as an effective direct current voltage signal. Test rings are respectively designed at the input end and the output end, and input signals and output signal waveforms are compared through a linking oscilloscope.
The automatic gain control circuit is composed of an analog switch and resistors with different gains. Firstly, an FPGA controls an A/D sampling circuit to collect peak voltage V output by a peak detection circuit (ix2+ix1+iy2+iy1) If the peak voltage is less than 0.3V, indicating that the gain is smaller, the FPGA transmits a control signal to well simulate the switching circuit to adjust to the next higher gain channel. If the peak voltage is greater than 4.7V, indicating a larger gain, then the gain is automatically adjusted to the last lower gain channel. Finally, the peak voltage V is regulated (ix2+ix1+iy2+iy1) Between 0.3V and 4.7V.
The FPGA receives the digital peak signal voltage of the A/D conversion circuit, and an average value algorithm is adopted to reduce the influence of invalid signals on the system light spot position detection stability. And meanwhile, carrying out position conversion on signals output by an average value algorithm according to a light spot position calculation formula, and outputting the signals through a serial port.
In summary, the graphene/germanium-based photoconductive position sensitive detector, the analog signal processing module, the bias circuit and the data acquisition processing module provided by the embodiment of the application can realize the spot position detection of 1550nm communication band laser. The analog model processing module realizes I/V conversion amplification, filtering, differential operation and peak detection on the detector photocurrent signal, and meanwhile, the influence of dark current on the detection precision of the system can be reduced by introducing the dark current compensation circuit. The data acquisition processing module can convert the analog voltage signal into a digital signal, adaptively adjust a gain channel of the analog switch according to the sampling value, and finally calculate and output the position coordinates of the light spots. The peak detection circuit is introduced to realize the response of the system to alternating current and pulse laser, and reduce the power consumption of the laser.
Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. Light spot position detecting system based on graphite alkene-germanium base position sensitive detector, its characterized in that: the system comprises a graphene/germanium-based photoconductive position sensitive detector, a bias circuit, a DC-DC power module, a front operational amplifier and dark current compensation circuit, a second-order band-pass filter circuit, a rear automatic gain differential operational amplifier circuit, a peak value detection circuit, an A/D conversion circuit and an analog switch;
the graphene/germanium-based photoconductive position sensitive detector completes photoelectric conversion of incident laser and outputs 4 paths of photocurrent signals under the working condition of a bias circuit;
the DC-DC power module, the front operational amplifier and dark current compensation circuit, the second-order band-pass filter circuit, the rear automatic gain differential operational amplifier circuit and the peak detection circuit form an analog signal processing module, the I/V conversion amplification, filtering, differential operation and peak detection output of a photocurrent signal output by the bias circuit are realized, the A/D conversion circuit and the analog switch controlled by the FPGA form a data acquisition and processing module, the peak voltage of the signal detected by the peak detection circuit is acquired and converted into a digital signal to be input into the FPGA, the FPGA adjusts the analog switch according to the sampling voltage value, the automatic gain control of the automatic gain differential operational circuit is realized, and the digital voltage value is subjected to algorithm processing to output the spot position coordinates.
2. The spot position detection system based on graphene-germanium-based position-sensitive detectors of claim 1, wherein: in the graphene/germanium-based photoconductive position-sensitive detector, the thickness of the graphene/germanium-based photoconductive position-sensitive detector is 10 mm/10 mm 2 The device region is designed at four corners of the intrinsic germanium substrate, the device comprises a pair of gold electrodes and is connected by graphene conditions, and the effective photosensitive area in the middle of the device is 8mm 2 ：
The calculation formula of the detector light spot position (x, y) algorithm is as follows:
wherein i is x1 ，i x2 ，i y1 ，i y2 The output current signals of the four corner device areas of the graphene/germanium-based photoconductive position sensitive detector are respectively, and L is the side length of the square effective photosensitive area of the detector.
3. The spot position detection system based on graphene-germanium-based position-sensitive detectors of claim 2, wherein: in the bias circuit, device areas in the graphene/germanium-based photoconductive position sensitive detector are respectively connected with a 1V bias power supply output by a DC-DC power supply module in an analog signal processing module.
4. A spot position detection system based on a graphene-germanium-based position-sensitive detector according to claim 3, wherein: in the DC-DC power supply module, a 24V voltage source input by an external direct current power supply is subjected to buck conversion to be positive and negative 15V, 5V and 1V power supplies, and the power supplies and the bias voltages of the detectors are used for power supply of all functional circuit chips in the system;
the front operational amplifier and dark current compensation circuit converts the thought photocurrent signal output by the bias circuit into a voltage signal and performs operational amplification;
the second-order band-pass filter circuit filters the voltage output by the front operational amplifier and the dark current compensation circuit, reduces the high-frequency and 1/f noise power in the signal and outputs the signal voltage;
the post automatic gain differential operational amplification circuit is used for carrying out adaptive differential operational amplification on the signal voltage output by the second-order band-pass filter circuit according to the gain control signal transmitted by the analog switch;
and the peak detection circuit is used for detecting the peak value of the signal voltage when the incident laser is a pulse light spot and outputting a stable direct current signal for detecting the position of the light spot.
5. The spot-location detection system based on graphene-germanium-based position-sensitive detectors of claim 4, wherein: the A/D conversion circuit samples two paths of analog peak voltage signals and converts the signals into digital signals which are input into the FPGA for position data processing;
the analog switch receives the FPGA transmission control signal, automatically adjusts the analog switch control signal and inputs the analog switch control signal into the rear automatic gain differential operational amplification circuit to amplify the signal;
and calculating the coordinates of the light spot positions according to the digital voltage signals, converting the coordinates of the light spot positions of the UI interface, and finally transmitting data to the PC end through the serial port.
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| CN116338286A (en) * | 2023-05-29 | 2023-06-27 | 成都光创联科技有限公司 | Dark current detection circuit and dark current detection method for optical device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116338286A (en) * | 2023-05-29 | 2023-06-27 | 成都光创联科技有限公司 | Dark current detection circuit and dark current detection method for optical device |
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