CN116026197B - Compressed air-based ascending ejection experimental device and experimental method - Google Patents
Compressed air-based ascending ejection experimental device and experimental method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a compressed air-based ascending ejection experiment device and an experiment method, and belongs to the technical field of cold ejection experiments. The upper part of the high-pressure air storage tank is provided with a pressure gauge, the bottom of the high-pressure air storage tank is provided with two air outlets, the two high-pressure air outlets are respectively connected with two high-pressure electromagnetic valves through two high-pressure air injection pipes, and the high-pressure electromagnetic valves are connected with the bottom of the ejection cylinder through a rotary flange plate; the middle part of the ejection cylinder is hinged with the upper end of the electric push rod, and the bottoms of the ejection cylinder and the electric push rod are fixed on the emission platform; the upper part, the middle part and the lower part of the ejection cylinder are respectively provided with a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor and a vibration acceleration sensor, and the three sensors are connected to an intelligent data acquisition instrument through signal transmission cables; the projectile body is arranged in the ejection cylinder, a wireless acceleration testing device is fixed in the projectile body, and the high-speed camera is arranged right in front of the launching platform. The invention can simulate the ejection process of a missile or rocket, realize dynamic parameter measurement and realize the contrast test of different projectile body masses and different ejection pressures.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a compressed air-based ascending ejection experiment device and an experiment method, which are used for simulating the ejection process of missiles, rockets and unmanned aerial vehicles and belong to the technical field of cold ejection experiments.
Background
Along with the rapid development of weapons such as missiles and rockets, the launching modes of the weapons are also diversified. From the perspective of emission power, the method mainly comprises two modes of heat emission and cold emission. The heat emission is the emission mode with the widest application range at present, however, the emission mode can generate a large amount of high-temperature, high-speed and high-pressure gas flow, the temperature of a core area of the gas flow can reach more than 1000 ℃, the ablation on an emission table and a flow guiding device is serious, the service life of the emission table and the flow guiding device is influenced, and special requirements are also met on the surrounding environment, so that the heat emission device has more severe design requirements, relatively difficult maintenance and high cost. In addition, when a missile or rocket in a closed state (such as a missile in a subterranean well) is subjected to thermal launching, the problem of flame emission needs to be solved, so that a launching facility is complicated, and the difficulty of constructing an array land is increased. In order to effectively solve the problems of the heat emission mode, researchers have conducted extensive researches on the cold emission mode, however, the current researches on the cold emission mode are limited by the limitations of ejection speed, universality, cost, cleanliness and the like, and the application effect is not good and the cold emission mode cannot be repeatedly used.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems that a great deal of high-temperature, high-speed and high-pressure gas flows can be generated in the existing thermal emission mode of missiles and rockets, and the cold emission mode is limited by the problems of ejection speed, universality, cost and the like, the invention discloses a compressed air-based ascending ejection experimental device and an experimental method, which aim to solve the problems that: the compressed air-based ascending ejection experiment device has the advantages of repeated use, high ejection speed, no need of thermal protection measures, good universality, low cost, cleanness and the like, and the ejection experiment method realized based on the device realizes the ascending stage acceleration process of the projectile body on the premise of safety, cleanness and high efficiency. The invention can provide a test platform for the projectile body cold emission experiment, can realize the contrast test of different projectile body masses and different ejection pressures, and can also realize the dynamic parameter measurement of the simulated projectile body emission process in the ejection cylinder.
The invention aims at realizing the following technical scheme:
The invention discloses a compressed air-based ascending ejection experimental device, which comprises a main body, a main body and a main body, wherein the main body is provided with a main body and is provided with a main body: the device comprises a high-pressure air storage tank, a first high-pressure air injection pipe, a second high-pressure air injection pipe, a first high-pressure electromagnetic valve, a second high-pressure electromagnetic valve, a time sequence control device, an ejection cylinder, an electric push rod, a projectile body, a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a vibration acceleration sensor, a wireless acceleration testing device, an intelligent data acquisition instrument, a high-speed camera and an emission platform. The upper part of the high-pressure air storage tank is provided with a pressure gauge, the bottom of the high-pressure air storage tank is provided with a first air outlet and a second air outlet, the two air outlets are respectively connected with a first high-pressure air injection pipe and a second high-pressure air injection pipe, and the right end of the two air outlets are respectively connected with the left ends of a first high-pressure electromagnetic valve and a second high-pressure electromagnetic valve; the first high-pressure electromagnetic valve and the second high-pressure electromagnetic valve are respectively connected with the time sequence control device and are respectively connected with a first air inlet and a second air inlet at the bottom of the ejection cylinder through a first rotary flange and a second rotary flange; the second air inlet at the bottom of the ejection cylinder is connected with an L-shaped reducing spray pipe in the ejection cylinder, and the L-shaped reducing spray pipe and the support rod are jointly fixed at the bottom of the ejection cylinder and face towards the cylinder opening together; the middle part of the ejection cylinder is hinged with the top of the electric push rod, the ejection cylinder and the electric push rod are simultaneously fixed on the emission platform, and the electric push rod is controlled by the PLC control box; the pressure sensor, the temperature sensor and the vibration acceleration sensor are arranged at the upper part, the middle part and the bottom of the ejection cylinder and are connected with the intelligent data acquisition instrument through signal transmission cables; the elastic body is arranged in the ejection cylinder, and the bottom of the elastic body is contacted with the L-shaped reducing spray pipe and the support rod; the wireless acceleration testing device is fixed in the projectile body through a bracket; the high-speed camera is positioned on the right side of the launching platform and is opposite to the nozzle of the ejection cylinder.
Preferably, the high speed camera is located 20m to the right of the launch platform.
Preferably, the diameters of the first air outlet, the first high-pressure air injection pipe, the first high-pressure electromagnetic valve, the first rotary flange plate and the first air inlet are unified to be 100mm, and the diameters of the second air outlet, the second high-pressure air injection pipe, the second high-pressure electromagnetic valve, the second rotary flange plate and the second air inlet are unified to be 50mm.
In order to further accelerate the projectile body in the ejection cylinder in a ascending manner through compressed gas, preferably, a first air inlet at the bottom of the ejection cylinder is positioned below a second air inlet, the first air inlet penetrates from the bottom of the ejection cylinder to the bottom of the projectile body, and the second air inlet is connected with an L-shaped reducing spray pipe in the ejection cylinder; the lower diameter of the L-shaped reducing spray pipe is connected with the second air inlet, the upper diameter is 1/2 of the diameter of the projectile body, the center of the L-shaped reducing spray pipe is required to coincide with the center position of the projectile body, and the L-shaped reducing spray pipe and the supporting rod are jointly fixed at the bottom of the ejection cylinder and face the direction of the nozzle together.
In order to realize the accurate control to the projectile body ascending acceleration, be convenient for launch the projectile body of different masses, as the preference, the opening time and the interval of first high-voltage solenoid valve, second high-voltage solenoid valve are controlled through time sequence controlling means, and the opening order is: the second high-pressure electromagnetic valve is prioritized, and the second high-pressure electromagnetic valve is the first high-pressure electromagnetic valve, and the time interval range is about (0.1-1 s); the initial acceleration of the projectile body provided by the mass and initial pressure of the launched projectile body and the subsequent pressure rise are required to meet the requirement that the acceleration of the projectile body is not more than 10g, the initial acceleration of the projectile body can be given when a connecting wire of a wireless acceleration testing device and the projectile body is not disconnected, a wireless signal is launched to a signal receiver by an accelerometer for testing after the disconnection, and the calculation method of the acceleration value and the calculation method of the use limit of the accelerometer are as follows:
In order to prevent the loss of data acquisition, the wireless acceleration testing device can track the movement of the projectile body in the ejection cylinder in real time to measure the acceleration, when the projectile body moves in the ejection cylinder, the wireless acceleration testing device can give out an electric signal of the time sequence control device in a wired mode, and after the tail part of the projectile body leaves the ejection cylinder, the connecting wire is torn off, and the wireless acceleration testing device can store the acquired electric signal into the device, so that the acquisition of data is facilitated.
In order to ensure that the projectile can be used repeatedly, the firing effect of projectiles of different masses is analysed simultaneously to provide more comparative experiments, as is preferred: the PTFE material is wrapped on the head of the elastomer, and the weight of the elastomer can be adjusted by adding or subtracting balancing weights (the weight of each balancing weight is about 10-15 kg); the screw rod is fixed at the bottom of the projectile body, and according to the wear resistance checking formula:
P=Fmax/(π*d2*h*z)≤[P] (2)
wherein: fmax is the biggest axial load, d 2 is the pitch diameter of hob, h is screw thread work height, z is the number of turns, P is the calculation work pressure, P is the allowable work pressure, as the preference, the wearability of hob needs to be greater than 25MPa, then fix the tray on hob, the balancing weight can nest on the tray of hob, can reciprocate the tray through rotatory hob, and then the steerable balancing weight is the degree of depth in the projectile body, rethread screw strength check formula:
σ=4*Fmax*sqrt(1+12*[d2*tg(λ+ψ)/d1]2)/(π*d1 2)≤[σ] (3)
wherein: d 1 is the small diameter of the screw, sigma is the calculated stress, sigma is the allowable stress, the bearing strength of the screw rod is calculated, and when sigma is less than or equal to sigma, the strength requirement is met, and preferably, the allowable stress is more than 40MPa.
The invention also discloses a compressed air-based ascending ejection experiment method, which is realized on the basis of the compressed air-based ascending ejection experiment device, and the specific realization method comprises the following steps: before the experiment, after determining the mass of the rear projectile body, the acceleration value of the projectile body in the ejection cylinder needs to be simulated and estimated according to the formula (1)
P=nRT/V (1)
Wherein: p refers to the pressure of the ideal gas, V is the volume of the ideal gas, n is the amount of the ideal gas species, T is the thermodynamic temperature of the ideal gas (t=273.15+t), and R is the ideal gas constant, independent of the gas species, related to units. The method comprises the steps of determining the pressure provided when a second high-pressure electromagnetic valve releases gas, setting time intervals of a time sequence control device on a first high-pressure electromagnetic valve and a second high-pressure electromagnetic valve in advance, estimating the volume of gas required by a high-pressure gas storage tank, and properly adjusting the mole number of the gas according to the volume in the existing gas chamber; during experiments, firstly, the wireless acceleration testing device is installed in the projectile body, then the projectile body is installed in the ejection cylinder, the electric push rod is controlled by the PLC control box to fix the ejection cylinder at a designated position, and then the pressure sensor, the temperature sensor, the vibration acceleration sensor and the designated position fixed on the ejection cylinder are connected with the intelligent data acquisition instrument through the signal transmission cable; and (3) filling gas into the high-pressure gas storage tank, observing and displaying the number in real time through the pressure appearance, and then adjusting the position of the high-speed camera to be opposite to the position of the ejection cylinder opening. During an experiment, a high-speed camera, an intelligent data acquisition instrument and a time sequence control device are arranged for synchronous triggering, after the experiment is triggered, the time sequence control device instantaneously opens a second high-pressure electromagnetic valve, gas in a high-pressure gas storage tank reaches the bottom of an ejection cylinder through a second gas outlet, the second high-pressure electromagnetic valve and a second gas inlet, the gas is flushed to the bottom of a projectile body through an L-shaped reducing spray pipe, after the projectile body starts to move under the pressure of the gas, a wireless acceleration test device transmits a voltage signal to the time sequence control device, then the time sequence control device opens a first electromagnetic valve, and the gas in the high-pressure gas storage tank reaches the bottom of the ejection cylinder through a first gas outlet, a first high-pressure electromagnetic valve and a first gas inlet, so that the contact area between the projectile body and the gas is increased, and the ascending acceleration of the projectile body is realized; the pressure sensor, the temperature sensor and the vibration acceleration sensor on the ejection cylinder also acquire corresponding data at the moment, after the projectile body leaves the ejection cylinder, a connecting wire between the wireless acceleration testing device and the time sequence control device in the projectile body is torn off, at the moment, the wireless acceleration device stores tested data into the device in an electric signal mode until the projectile body stops moving, the movement is completely stopped after the projectile body lands, the ejection experiment test is completed, and then repeated experiments or comparison experiments can be carried out by changing test working conditions.
The beneficial effects are that:
1. Compared with the existing cold launching modes of missiles and rockets, the compressed air-based ascending ejection experiment method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the time sequence control device is based on an asynchronous control mode and is used for respectively controlling the first high-pressure electromagnetic valve and the second high-pressure electromagnetic valve in real time, the time interval for releasing compressed air can be fully adjusted according to the mass of the ejected projectile body, ascending acceleration of the projectile body in the ejection cylinder is further realized, the ejection speed of the projectile body is greatly accelerated, the opening sequence of the electromagnetic valves can be flexibly adjusted, and the full utilization of an air source is facilitated.
2. According to the compressed air ascending ejection experiment method, the wireless acceleration testing device can track the movement of the projectile body in the ejection cylinder in real time to measure the acceleration, when the projectile body moves in the ejection cylinder, the wireless acceleration testing device can give out an electric signal of the time sequence control device in a wired mode, after the tail part of the projectile body leaves the ejection cylinder, the connecting wire is broken, the wireless acceleration testing device can store the acquired electric signal into the device, loss of data acquisition can be prevented, and data acquisition is facilitated.
3. According to the compressed air-based ascending ejection experimental device disclosed by the invention, the weight of the projectile body can be increased or reduced by adding or reducing the balancing weight, and the fixed position of the balancing weight can be changed by rotating the screw rod, so that the gravity center adjustment and the landing mode of the same projectile body are changed, the experimental efficiency is improved, and the processing cost is reduced.
4. The compressed air-based ascending ejection experimental device disclosed by the invention can provide an experimental platform for the relevant profession of gas ejection, simulate the ejection process of missiles, rockets and unmanned aerial vehicles, measure parameters such as displacement, speed, acceleration of the simulated missiles in an ejection cylinder, pressure, temperature and the like in real time, realize the research of dynamic parameters of the simulated launch process of the ejection cylinder, and realize the shrinkage test of the missile launching discussion process in the ejection cylinder.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an ejection experimental device based on compressed air ascending.
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an elastomeric structure.
In the figure: 1-high-pressure air storage tank, 2-first high-pressure air injection pipe, 3-second high-pressure air injection pipe, 4-first high-pressure electromagnetic valve, 5-second high-pressure electromagnetic valve, 6-time sequence control device, 7-ejection cylinder, 8-electric push rod, 9-elastomer, 10-pressure sensor, 11-temperature sensor, 12-vibration acceleration sensor, 13-wireless acceleration testing device, 14-intelligent data acquisition instrument, 15-high-speed camera, 16-transmitting platform, 17-pressure gauge, 18-first air outlet, 19-second air outlet, 20-first rotary flange plate, 21-second rotary flange plate, 22-first air inlet, 23-second air inlet, 24-L-shaped variable diameter spray pipe, 25-supporting rod, 26-PLC control box, 27-signal transmission cable, 28-bracket, 29-PTFE material, 30-balancing weight, 31-spiral rod, 32-tray.
Detailed Description
An embodiment of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment discloses a catapulting experimental device based on compressed air ascending: the high-pressure gas storage tank comprises a high-pressure gas storage tank 1, a first high-pressure gas injection pipe 2, a second high-pressure gas injection pipe 3, a first high-pressure electromagnetic valve 4, a second high-pressure electromagnetic valve 5, a time sequence control device 6, an ejection cylinder 7, an electric push rod 8, a projectile body 9, a pressure sensor 10, a temperature sensor 11, a vibration acceleration sensor 12, a wireless acceleration testing device 13, an intelligent data acquisition instrument 14, a high-speed camera 15 and a transmitting platform 16. The upper part of the high-pressure air storage tank 1 is provided with a pressure gauge 17, the bottom of the high-pressure air storage tank 1 is provided with a first air outlet 18 and a first air outlet 19, the two air outlets are respectively connected with a first high-pressure air injection pipe 2 and a second high-pressure air injection pipe 3, and the right ends of the two air outlets are respectively connected with the left ends of a first high-pressure electromagnetic valve 4 and a second high-pressure electromagnetic valve 5; the first high-pressure electromagnetic valve 4 and the second high-pressure electromagnetic valve 5 are respectively connected with the time sequence control device 6 and are respectively connected with a first air inlet 22 and a second air inlet 23 at the bottom of the ejection cylinder through a first rotary flange plate 20 and a second rotary flange plate 21; the second air inlet 23 at the bottom of the ejection cylinder 7 is connected with the L-shaped reducing spray pipe 24 in the ejection cylinder 7, and the L-shaped reducing spray pipe 24 and the supporting rod 25 are jointly fixed at the bottom of the ejection cylinder 7 and face the cylinder opening together; the middle part of the ejection cylinder 7 is hinged with the top of the electric push rod 8, the ejection cylinder 7 and the electric push rod 8 are simultaneously fixed on the emission platform 16, and the electric push rod 8 is controlled by the PLC control box 26; the pressure sensor 10, the temperature sensor 11 and the vibration acceleration sensor 12 are arranged at the upper part, the middle part and the bottom of the ejection cylinder and are connected with the intelligent data acquisition instrument 14 through signal transmission cables 27; the elastic body 9 is arranged in the ejection cylinder 7, and the bottom of the elastic body 7 is contacted with the L-shaped reducing spray pipe 24 and the supporting rod 25; the wireless acceleration testing device 13 is fixed inside the projectile body 9 through a bracket 28; the high-speed camera 15 is positioned at the right side 20m of the launching platform 16 and is opposite to the position of the nozzle of the ejection cylinder 7.
The first air inlet 22 at the bottom of the ejection cylinder 7 is positioned below the second air inlet 23, the first air inlet 22 penetrates from the bottom of the ejection cylinder 7 to the bottom of the projectile body 9, and the second air inlet 23 is connected with the L-shaped reducing spray pipe 24 in the cylinder; the lower diameter of the L-shaped reducing spray pipe 24 is connected with the second air inlet 23, the upper diameter is 1/2 of the diameter of the projectile body 9, the center of the L-shaped reducing spray pipe 24 is required to coincide with the center position of the projectile body 9, and the L-shaped reducing spray pipe 24 and the supporting rod 25 are jointly fixed at the bottom of the ejection cylinder 7 and face the direction of the cylinder opening together.
The opening time and the opening interval of the first high-pressure electromagnetic valve 4 and the second high-pressure electromagnetic valve 5 are controlled by the time sequence control device 6, the opening sequence is that the second high-pressure electromagnetic valve 5 is prioritized, and the opening sequence is that the first high-pressure electromagnetic valve 4 is secondarily, and the time interval range is about (0.1-1 s); the initial acceleration of the projectile 9 provided by the mass and initial pressure of the transmitted projectile 9 and the subsequent pressure rise are required to meet the requirement that the acceleration of the projectile 9 is not more than 10g, the initial acceleration of the projectile 9 can be provided when a connecting line of the wireless acceleration testing device 13 and the projectile 9 is not disconnected, a wireless signal is transmitted to a signal receiver by an accelerometer for testing after the disconnection, and the calculation method of the acceleration value and the calculation method of the use limit of the accelerometer are as follows:
In order to prevent the loss of data acquisition, the wireless acceleration testing device can track the movement of the projectile body in the ejection cylinder in real time to measure the acceleration, when the projectile body moves in the ejection cylinder, the wireless acceleration testing device can give out an electric signal of the time sequence control device in a wired mode, and after the tail part of the projectile body leaves the ejection cylinder, the connecting wire is torn off, and the wireless acceleration testing device can store the acquired electric signal into the device, so that the acquisition of data is facilitated.
The head of the projectile body 9 is wrapped with PTFE material 29, and the weight of the projectile body 9 can be adjusted by adding or subtracting balancing weights 30 (the weight of each balancing weight 30 is about 10-15 kg); a screw 31 is fixed at the bottom of the projectile body 9, and according to the wear resistance checking formula:
P=Fmax/(π*d2*h*z)≤[P] (2)
Wherein: fmax is the biggest axial load, d 2 is the pitch diameter of hob, h is screw thread working height, z is the number of turns, P is the calculated working pressure, [ P ] is the allowable working pressure, and as the preference, the wear resistance of hob needs to be greater than 25MPa, then fix tray 32 on hob 31, and balancing weight 30 can nest on tray 32 of hob 31, can reciprocate tray 32 through rotating hob 31, and then can control the depth of balancing weight 30 in projectile body 9, can realize the focus adjustment and the change of landing mode of same projectile body, rethread screw strength check formula:
σ=4*Fmax*sqrt(1+12*[d2*tg(λ+ψ)/d1]2)/(π*d1 2)≤[σ] (3)
Wherein: d 1 is the minor diameter of the screw, σ is the calculated stress, and [ σ ] is the allowable stress. The bearing strength of the screw rod is calculated, and when sigma is less than or equal to [ sigma ], the strength requirement is met, and preferably, the allowable stress is more than 40MPa.
The embodiment also discloses a compressed air-based ascending ejection experiment method, which is realized on the basis of the compressed air-based ascending ejection experiment device, and the specific realization method comprises the following steps: before the experiment, after determining the mass of the rear projectile body, the acceleration value of the projectile body in the ejection cylinder needs to be simulated and estimated according to the formula (1)
P=nRT/V (1)
Wherein: p refers to the pressure of the ideal gas, V is the volume of the ideal gas, n is the amount of the ideal gas species, T is the thermodynamic temperature of the ideal gas (t=273.15+t), and R is the ideal gas constant, independent of the gas species, related to units. The method comprises the steps of determining the pressure provided when a second high-pressure electromagnetic valve releases gas, setting time intervals of a time sequence control device on a first high-pressure electromagnetic valve and a second high-pressure electromagnetic valve in advance, estimating the volume of gas required by a high-pressure gas storage tank, and properly adjusting the mole number of the gas according to the volume in the existing gas chamber; during experiments, firstly, the wireless acceleration testing device is installed in the projectile body, then the projectile body is installed in the ejection cylinder, the electric push rod is controlled by the PLC control box to fix the ejection cylinder at a designated position, and then the pressure sensor, the temperature sensor, the vibration acceleration sensor and the designated position fixed on the ejection cylinder are connected with the intelligent data acquisition instrument through the signal transmission cable; and (3) filling gas into the high-pressure gas storage tank, observing and displaying the number in real time through the pressure appearance, and then adjusting the position of the high-speed camera to be opposite to the position of the ejection cylinder opening. During an experiment, a high-speed camera, an intelligent data acquisition instrument and a time sequence control device are arranged for synchronous triggering, after the experiment is triggered, the time sequence control device instantaneously opens a second high-pressure electromagnetic valve, gas in a high-pressure gas storage tank reaches the bottom of an ejection cylinder through a second gas outlet, the second high-pressure electromagnetic valve and a second gas inlet, the gas is flushed to the bottom of a projectile body through an L-shaped reducing spray pipe, after the projectile body starts to move under the pressure of the gas, a wireless acceleration test device transmits a voltage signal to the time sequence control device, then the time sequence control device opens a first electromagnetic valve, and the gas in the high-pressure gas storage tank reaches the bottom of the ejection cylinder through a first gas outlet, a first high-pressure electromagnetic valve and a first gas inlet, so that the contact area between the projectile body and the gas is increased, and the ascending acceleration of the projectile body is realized; the pressure sensor, the temperature sensor and the vibration acceleration sensor on the ejection cylinder also acquire corresponding data at the moment, after the projectile body leaves the ejection cylinder, a connecting wire between the wireless acceleration testing device and the time sequence control device in the projectile body is torn off, at the moment, the wireless acceleration device stores tested data into the device in an electric signal mode until the projectile body stops moving, the movement is completely stopped after the projectile body lands, the ejection experiment test is completed, and then repeated experiments or comparison experiments can be carried out by changing test working conditions.
While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow.
Claims (4)
1. Based on compressed air rise formula ejection experimental apparatus, its characterized in that: the high-pressure gas storage tank (1), a first high-pressure gas injection pipe (2), a second high-pressure gas injection pipe (3), a first high-pressure electromagnetic valve (4), a second high-pressure electromagnetic valve (5), a time sequence control device (6), an ejection cylinder (7), an electric push rod (8), a projectile body (9), a pressure sensor (10), a temperature sensor (11), a vibration acceleration sensor (12), a wireless acceleration testing device (13), an intelligent data acquisition instrument (14), a high-speed camera (15) and a transmitting platform (16); the upper part of the high-pressure air storage tank (1) is provided with a pressure gauge (17), the bottom is provided with a first air outlet (18) and a second air outlet (19), the two air outlets are respectively connected with a first high-pressure air injection pipe (2) and a second high-pressure air injection pipe (3), and the right ends of the first high-pressure air injection pipe (2) and the second high-pressure air injection pipe (3) are respectively connected with the left ends of a first high-pressure electromagnetic valve (4) and a second high-pressure electromagnetic valve (5); the top ends of the first high-pressure electromagnetic valve (4) and the second high-pressure electromagnetic valve (5) are respectively connected with the time sequence control device (6), and are respectively connected with a first air inlet (22) and a second air inlet (23) at the bottom of the ejection cylinder (7) through a first rotary flange (20) and a second rotary flange (21); the second air inlet (23) at the bottom of the ejection cylinder (7) is connected with an L-shaped variable-diameter spray pipe (24) in the ejection cylinder (7), and the L-shaped variable-diameter spray pipe (24) and the support rod (25) are jointly fixed at the bottom of the ejection cylinder (7) and face towards the cylinder opening together; the middle part of the ejection cylinder (7) is hinged with the top of the electric push rod (8), the ejection cylinder (7) and the electric push rod (8) are simultaneously fixed on the emission platform (16), and the electric push rod (8) is controlled by a PLC control box (26); the pressure sensor (10), the temperature sensor (11) and the vibration acceleration sensor (12) are arranged at the upper part, the middle part and the bottom of the ejection cylinder (7) and are connected with the intelligent data acquisition instrument (14) through the signal transmission cable (27); the elastic body (9) is arranged in the ejection cylinder (7), and the bottom of the elastic body (9) is contacted with the L-shaped reducing spray pipe (24) and the supporting rod (25); the wireless acceleration testing device (13) is fixed in the projectile body (9) through a bracket (28); the high-speed camera (15) is positioned on the right side of the launching platform (16) and is opposite to the cylinder opening of the ejection cylinder (7);
The opening time and the opening interval of the first high-pressure electromagnetic valve (4) and the second high-pressure electromagnetic valve (5) are controlled by a time sequence control device (6), the time sequence control device (6) is used for controlling the sequence and the time interval of gas release, the opening time intervals of the two high-pressure electromagnetic valves are determined according to the initial acceleration provided for the projectile body (9) by the mass and the initial pressure of the launched projectile body (9), the initial acceleration of the projectile body (9) is given when a connecting line of the wireless acceleration test device and the projectile body is not disconnected, and the calculation method of the acceleration value and the calculation method of the use limit of the accelerometer are as follows:
During the experiment, the second high-voltage electromagnetic valve (5) is opened through the test, and when the projectile body (9) just starts to move in the ejection cylinder (7), the wireless acceleration testing device (13) transmits a voltage signal corresponding to the acceleration to the time sequence control device (6) through a wired signal, and the time sequence control device (6) controls the opening of the first high-voltage electromagnetic valve (4).
2. A compressed air-based jacking ejection experimental device as defined in claim 1, wherein: the first air inlet (22) at the bottom of the ejection cylinder (7) is positioned below the second air inlet (23), the first air inlet (22) penetrates from the bottom of the ejection cylinder (7) to the bottom of the elastomer (9), and the second air inlet (23) is connected with the L-shaped reducing spray pipe (24) in the cylinder; the lower diameter of the L-shaped reducing spray pipe (24) is connected with the second air inlet (23), the upper diameter is 1/2 of the diameter of the projectile body (9), the center of the L-shaped reducing spray pipe (24) needs to be coincident with the center position of the projectile body (9), and the L-shaped reducing spray pipe (24) and the supporting rod (25) are jointly fixed at the bottom of the ejection cylinder (7) and face the direction of the cylinder opening together.
3. A compressed air-based jacking ejection experimental device as defined in claim 1, wherein: the PTFE material (29) is wrapped on the head of the projectile body (9), the mass of the projectile body (9) is adjusted by increasing or reducing the balancing weight (30), the screw rod (31) is fixed at the bottom of the projectile body (9), the tray (32) is fixed on the screw rod (31), the balancing weight (30) can be nested on the tray (32) of the screw rod (31), the tray (32) can be moved up and down by rotating the screw rod (31), and then the depth of the balancing weight (30) in the projectile body (9) is controlled.
4. A compressed air-based ascending ejection experiment method, which is realized based on the compressed air-based ascending ejection experiment device as claimed in claim 1,2 or 3, and is characterized in that: when the compressed gas is tested to eject the projectiles (9) with different qualities, the dynamic parameters of initial pressure in the ejection cylinder (7) to the acceleration and the speed of the projectiles (9) are tracked by the wireless acceleration testing device (13), and the static parameters such as the gas pressure and the temperature in the ejection cylinder (7) and the vibration of the cylinder wall of the ejection cylinder (7) can be tested in real time; before the experiment, after the mass of the rear projectile body (9) is determined, simulation and prediction are required to be carried out on the acceleration value of the projectile body (9) in the ejection cylinder (7), and the pressure provided when the second high-pressure electromagnetic valve releases gas is determined through the formula (1):
P=nRT/V (1)
Wherein: p refers to the pressure of the ideal gas, V is the volume of the ideal gas, n is the amount of the ideal gas species, T is the thermodynamic temperature of the ideal gas (i.e., t=273.15+t), R is the ideal gas constant, which is independent of gas species, related to units;
Setting time intervals of the time sequence control device (6) on the first high-pressure electromagnetic valve (4) and the second high-pressure electromagnetic valve (5) by determining the pressure provided when the second high-pressure electromagnetic valve (5) releases gas; estimating the volume of gas required by the high-pressure gas storage tank (1), and properly adjusting the mole number of the gas according to the volume in the existing gas chamber; before an experiment starts, firstly, a wireless acceleration testing device (13) is installed in an elastomer (9), then the elastomer (9) is installed in an ejection cylinder (7), an electric push rod (8) is controlled by a PLC control box (26) to fix the ejection cylinder (7) at a specified position, then a pressure sensor (10), a temperature sensor (11), a vibration acceleration sensor (12) and the specified position fixed on the ejection cylinder (7) are connected with an intelligent data acquisition instrument (14) through a signal transmission cable (27); filling gas into the high-pressure gas storage tank (1), observing real-time reading through the pressure gauge (17), and then adjusting the position of the high-speed camera (15) to be opposite to the position of the cylinder opening of the ejection cylinder (7); during experiments, a high-speed camera (15), an intelligent data acquisition instrument (14) and a time sequence control device (6) are arranged for synchronous triggering, after the experiment is triggered, the time sequence control device (6) opens a second high-pressure electromagnetic valve (5) instantaneously, gas in a high-pressure gas storage tank (1) reaches the bottom of an ejection cylinder (7) through a second gas outlet (19), the second high-pressure electromagnetic valve (5) and a second gas inlet (23), the gas is flushed to the bottom of the projectile body (9) through an L-shaped reducing spray pipe (24), after the projectile body (9) starts to move under the pressure of the gas, a wireless acceleration test device (13) transmits a voltage signal to the time sequence control device (6), then the time sequence control device (6) reaches the bottom of the ejection cylinder (7) through a first gas outlet, a first high-pressure electromagnetic valve (4) and a first gas inlet (18), the contact area of the projectile body (9) and the gas is increased, and the ascending acceleration of the projectile body (9) is realized; the pressure sensor (10), the temperature sensor (11) and the vibration acceleration sensor (12) on the ejection cylinder (7) also perform corresponding data acquisition at the moment, after the projectile body (9) leaves the ejection cylinder (7), a connecting wire between the wireless acceleration testing device (13) and the time sequence control device (6) in the projectile body (9) is torn off, at the moment, the wireless acceleration testing device (13) stores tested data into the device in an electric signal mode until the projectile body (9) stops moving, the movement is completely stopped after the projectile body (9) lands, the ejection experiment test is completed, and then repeated experiments or comparison experiments can be performed by changing test working conditions.
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