CN116024467A - High-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
High-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000789 Aluminium-silicon alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 42
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 41
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 9
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910017706 MgZn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910021364 Al-Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy, and a preparation method and application thereof. The high strength and toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy comprises 8.0 to 10.0 weight percent of silicon, 0.35 to 0.75 weight percent of manganese, 0.05 to 0.15 weight percent of chromium, 0.01 to 0.6 weight percent of magnesium, 0.1 to 3.0 weight percent of zinc, 0.01 to 0.1 weight percent of vanadium, 0.01 to 0.1 weight percent of molybdenum, 0.05 to 0.3 weight percent of zirconium, 0.05 to 0.3 weight percent of titanium, 0.02 to 0.07 weight percent of strontium, not more than 0.2 weight percent of iron, not more than 0.15 weight percent of unavoidable impurities, and the balance of aluminum. The high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy has higher yield strength, tensile strength and elongation, and shows excellent toughness.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal alloy preparation and development and application, and particularly relates to a high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Energy conservation and emission reduction are one of the important focus points of development of the automobile industry in the world, and automobile weight reduction is the most effective solution. The aluminum-silicon alloy has the advantages of small density, good fluidity, high specific strength and high specific rigidity, and can be widely applied to automobile parts. The traditional automobile body manufacturing method is to firstly heat treat the single automobile parts to improve the comprehensive mechanical property, and then weld or rivet and assemble a plurality of parts. In recent years, the Tesla integrated die casting technology greatly reduces the weight of the automobile, removes the welding or riveting process, improves the efficiency and reduces the manufacturing production cost. However, since the integrated die-cast structural member has a large size, problems such as thermal deformation and bubbling occur during heat treatment, there is an urgent need to develop a die-cast aluminum-silicon alloy material that can maintain high toughness in a non-heat treated state.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent. Therefore, the invention aims to provide a high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy, and a preparation method and application thereof. The high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy has higher yield strength, tensile strength and elongation, and shows excellent toughness.
In one aspect, the invention provides a high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy. According to an embodiment of the invention, the high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy comprises: 8.0 to 10.0 weight percent of silicon, 0.35 to 0.75 weight percent of manganese, 0.05 to 0.15 weight percent of chromium, 0.01 to 0.6 weight percent of magnesium, 0.1 to 3.0 weight percent of zinc, 0.01 to 0.1 weight percent of vanadium, 0.01 to 0.1 weight percent of molybdenum, 0.05 to 0.3 weight percent of zirconium, 0.05 to 0.3 weight percent of titanium, 0.02 to 0.07 weight percent of strontium, not more than 0.2 weight percent of iron, not more than 0.15 weight percent of unavoidable impurities, and the balance of aluminum.
According to the high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the aluminum-silicon alloy is prepared according to the content range ratio of each element, wherein iron is an unavoidable impurity element, but is also an essential element for guaranteeing demolding, and the iron is easy to combine with aluminum and silicon in the die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy to form a coarser primary iron-rich compound in a pressing chamber, which is a hard and brittle phase and is easy to fracture a matrix, so that the mechanical property is reduced, and the inventor finds that the addition of molybdenum can refine the primary iron-rich phase, so that the size is reduced, the quantity is reduced, the shape is changed into a sphere, and meanwhile, the molybdenum, manganese, chromium and vanadium are coordinated to optimize the primary iron-rich phase, so that the primary iron-rich phase is refined and spheroidized, and the mechanical property of the silicon-aluminum alloy is further improved; on the other hand, the addition amount of Zn is increased, the nucleation temperature of the primary alpha-Al phase can be reduced, the effect of refining primary alpha-Al grains is realized, and fine grain strengthening is realized, specifically, after the addition amount of Zn is increased from 1% to 3% by using Thermo-Calc software, the nucleation temperature of the primary alpha-Al phase is reduced by 8 ℃, and the zinc and the magnesium can form MgZn 2 The phase again serves as a second phase strengthening for the aluminum matrix. Therefore, the die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy with excellent performance is prepared by integrally adjusting the content of each element, refining and spheroidizing the primary iron-rich phase, refining the primary alpha-Al crystal grains and strengthening the precipitated second phase and comprehensively optimizing the die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy structure, so that the die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy has higher toughness in a non-heat treatment state, and can better meet the production and manufacturing requirements of high-pressure casting thin-wall parts and integrated die-casting structural parts. Specifically, the silicon-aluminum alloy formed by adopting the elements with the content ratioThe yield strength of the Jin Bangzhuang sample is 150-180 MPa, the tensile strength is 300-350 MPa, and the elongation is 10-15%, and the silicon-aluminum alloy shows excellent toughness.
In addition, the high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy according to the embodiment of the invention can also have the following technical characteristics:
in some embodiments of the invention, the high strength and toughness die cast aluminum silicon alloy further includes no greater than 0.01wt% calcium. Thus, the strength and plasticity of the silicon-aluminum alloy can be improved.
In some embodiments of the invention, the total mass of the vanadium and the molybdenum is 0.05wt% to 0.15wt%, preferably 0.1wt%. Thus, precipitation of a coarse primary iron-rich phase can be avoided.
In some embodiments of the invention, the mass ratio of the zirconium to the titanium is (0.5-2): 1, preferably 1:1. therefore, primary alpha-Al grains can be thinned, and fine grain strengthening is realized.
In a second aspect of the invention, the invention provides a method for preparing the high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy. According to an embodiment of the invention, the method comprises:
(1) Respectively weighing silicon, manganese, chromium, magnesium, zinc, vanadium, molybdenum, zirconium, titanium, strontium and aluminum according to mass fraction, mixing, smelting, casting and cutting to obtain cast ingots;
(2) Heating and melting the cast ingot so as to obtain a melt;
(3) And die casting the melt to obtain the high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy.
The silicon, manganese, chromium, magnesium, zinc, vanadium, molybdenum, zirconium, titanium, strontium and aluminum in the content range are mixed, then are subjected to smelting treatment, then are cast and cut to obtain cast ingots, and then the cast ingots are heated and melted and then are subjected to die casting to obtain the high-strength and high-toughness die casting aluminum-silicon alloy, wherein the primary iron-rich phase can be refined by adding molybdenum, and meanwhile, the primary iron-rich phase can be refined and spheroidized by the molybdenum and manganese, chromium and vanadium in a co-coordination manner, so that the mechanical property of the silicon-aluminum alloy is improved; on the other hand, the addition amount of zinc is increased, the nucleation temperature of the primary alpha-Al phase can be reduced, the effect of refining primary alpha-Al grains is achieved, and the fine grain strength is realizedAnd zinc and magnesium can form MgZn 2 The phase again serves as a second phase strengthening for the aluminum matrix. Therefore, the die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy with higher yield strength, tensile strength and elongation can be prepared by adopting the method.
In addition, the method for preparing the high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy can also have the following technical characteristics:
in some embodiments of the invention, in step (2), the ingot is heated at a temperature of 730 ℃ to 750 ℃.
In some embodiments of the invention, in step (3), the die casting process parameters include: the casting temperature of the melt is 690-710 ℃, the die temperature is 140-160 ℃, the vacuum degree in the die cavity is lower than 10kPa, the three-stage low-speed injection speed is 0.2-0.2- (0.2-0.4) m/s, the high-speed injection speed is 2.5-3.5 m/s, the pressure value of the high-speed accumulator is 12.5-13.7 MPa, and the pressure value of the booster accumulator is 12.5-13.7 MPa.
In a third aspect of the invention, an aluminum-silicon alloy part is provided. According to the embodiment of the invention, the aluminum-silicon alloy part comprises the high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy or the high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy prepared by adopting the method. Therefore, the aluminum-silicon alloy part has long service life and excellent mechanical property.
In a fourth aspect of the invention, the invention provides the application of the high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy or the high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy prepared by the method in the manufacturing fields of automobiles, high-speed trains and large airplanes. Therefore, the energy-saving and environment-friendly automobile is more beneficial to realizing the energy-saving and environment-friendly requirements, the light-weight design of the automobile and other products is realized, and the service life of the automobile and other products is prolonged.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent and may be better understood from the following description of embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a scanning characterization diagram of the primary iron-rich phase and primary alpha-Al phase structure of the aluminum-silicon alloy of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of thermodynamic calculations of an aluminum-silicon alloy according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a heterogeneous core AlSi (Ti, zr) of the aluminum-silicon alloy of example 1 of the invention x Is a scan representation of (1);
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the scanning characterization of the modification results of eutectic silicon of the aluminum-silicon alloy in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the mechanical properties of the Al-Si alloy of example 1;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the mechanical properties of the Al-Si alloy of example 2;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the results of the mechanical properties of the aluminum-silicon alloy of example 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative only and not limiting in any way.
In one aspect, the invention provides a high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy. According to an embodiment of the invention, the high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy comprises: 8.0 to 10.0 weight percent of silicon, 0.35 to 0.75 weight percent of manganese, 0.05 to 0.15 weight percent of chromium, 0.01 to 0.6 weight percent of magnesium, 0.1 to 3.0 weight percent of zinc, 0.01 to 0.1 weight percent of vanadium, 0.01 to 0.1 weight percent of molybdenum, 0.05 to 0.3 weight percent of zirconium, 0.05 to 0.3 weight percent of titanium, 0.02 to 0.07 weight percent of strontium, not more than 0.2 weight percent of iron, not more than 0.15 weight percent of unavoidable impurities, and the balance of aluminum.
The high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy according to the embodiment of the invention is prepared by proportioning the content ranges of the elements, wherein, because iron is an unavoidable impurity element but an essential element for ensuring the die-casting, the iron is easy to combine with aluminum and silicon in the die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy to form a coarser primary iron-rich compound in a pressure chamber, which is a hard and brittle phase and is easy to crackThe inventor finds that adding molybdenum can refine the primary iron-rich phase to reduce the size and the quantity, change the shape into a sphere, and simultaneously coordinate and optimize the primary iron-rich phase together with manganese, chromium and vanadium so as to refine and spheroidize the primary iron-rich phase and further improve the mechanical property of the silicon-aluminum alloy; on the other hand, the addition amount of Zn is increased, the nucleation temperature of the primary alpha-Al phase can be reduced, the effect of refining primary alpha-Al grains is realized, and fine grain strengthening is realized, specifically, after the addition amount of Zn is increased from 1% to 3% by using Thermo-Calc software, the nucleation temperature of the primary alpha-Al phase is reduced by 8 ℃, and the zinc and the magnesium can form MgZn 2 The phase again serves as a second phase strengthening for the aluminum matrix. Therefore, the die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy with excellent performance is prepared by integrally adjusting the content of each element, refining and spheroidizing the primary iron-rich phase, refining the primary alpha-Al crystal grains and precipitating the secondary phase to strengthen the comprehensive optimization die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy structure, so that the die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy has higher toughness in a non-heat treatment state, and can better meet the production and manufacturing requirements of high-pressure casting thin-wall parts and integrated die-casting structural parts. Specifically, the silicon-aluminum alloy formed by adopting the elements with the content ratio has the yield strength of 150 MP-180 MPa, the tensile strength of 300 MP-350 MPa and the elongation of 10% -15%, and the silicon-aluminum alloy shows excellent toughness.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the high strength and toughness die cast aluminum silicon alloy further comprises no more than 0.01wt% calcium. The inventor finds that if not more than 0.01wt% of calcium is added, strontium and Ca form composite deterioration, eutectic silicon can be in a higher deterioration grade, and then flaky eutectic silicon is completely converted into fine and uniform fibrous eutectic silicon, so that the strong plasticity of silicon-aluminum alloy is improved, on the other hand, after Ca is added, an oxide film can be formed on the surface of an aluminum melt, internal oxidation is prevented, air suction is reduced, and the melt is protected. Therefore, the high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy further comprises calcium not more than 0.01wt%, so that the strong plasticity of the aluminum-silicon alloy can be improved, and the aluminum melt is effectively protected.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the total mass of vanadium and molybdenum is between 0.05wt% and 0.15wt%, preferably 0.1wt%. The inventors found that the content of vanadium and molybdenum is properly reduced based on Mn and Cr elements, and that the precipitation temperature of the primary iron-rich phase can be maintained at 582-585 ℃ basically even if the total mass of vanadium and molybdenum is 0.05-0.15 wt%, thereby avoiding the precipitation of coarse primary iron-rich phase. Thus, the total mass of vanadium and molybdenum in the present application is 0.05wt% to 0.15wt%, and precipitation of coarse primary iron-rich phases can be avoided.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the mass ratio of zirconium to titanium is (0.5-2): 1, preferably 1:1. the inventors found that controlling the mass ratio of zirconium to titanium within a certain range is advantageous for precipitation of AlSi (Ti, zr) x Phase, alSi (Ti, zr) x The phase and the aluminum matrix have a better lattice matching relationship, and can become a nucleation core of the primary alpha-Al phase, thereby achieving the effect of refining the primary alpha-Al crystal grains. Thus, the mass ratio of zirconium to titanium is (0.5-2): 1, primary alpha-Al grains can be thinned, and fine grain strengthening is realized.
In a second aspect of the invention, the invention provides a method for preparing the high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy. According to an embodiment of the invention, the method comprises:
s100: weighing silicon, manganese, chromium, magnesium, zinc, vanadium, molybdenum, zirconium, titanium, strontium and aluminum according to mass fraction, mixing, smelting, casting and cutting
In the step, silicon, manganese, chromium, magnesium, zinc, vanadium, molybdenum, zirconium, titanium, strontium and aluminum are respectively weighed according to mass fractions, mixed and then smelted, the content of Fe element is controlled to be lower than 0.2wt%, the sum of the content of other impurity elements is controlled to be lower than 0.15wt%, and cast and cut into block-shaped cast ingots of about 3 kg. In consideration of cost, an al—mn master alloy, an al—cr master alloy, an al—v master alloy, an al—mo master alloy, an al—zr master alloy, an al—ti master alloy, an al—ca master alloy, an al—sr master alloy, or the like may be selected as a raw material, as long as the content of each element is finally ensured within the content range of the present application.
S200: and heating and melting the cast ingot.
In the step, the block-shaped cast ingot obtained in the step S100 is placed into a smelting furnace of a die casting machine to be heated, argon is introduced into the die casting machine after alloy is melted, and meanwhile, stirring is realized uniformly by means of a stirrer so as to remove gas and impurities in a melt, and finally, the melt is kept stand for 15 minutes, and then, slag is removed to remove oxide impurities on the surface. Further, the temperature for heating the cast ingot is 730-750 ℃.
S300: die casting the melt
In the step, the temperature of the melt obtained in the step S200 is reduced to 710-720 ℃, and the die casting is prepared, wherein the die casting process parameters comprise: the casting temperature of the melt is 690-710 ℃, the die temperature is 140-160 ℃, the vacuum degree in the die cavity is lower than 10kPa, the three-stage low-speed injection speed is 0.2-0.2- (0.2-0.4) m/s, the high-speed injection speed is 2.5-3.5 m/s, the pressure value of the high-speed energy accumulator is 12.5-13.7 MPa, and the pressure value of the pressure boosting energy accumulator is 12.5-13.7 MPa.
The silicon, manganese, chromium, magnesium, zinc, vanadium, molybdenum, zirconium, titanium, strontium and aluminum in the content range are mixed, then are subjected to smelting treatment, then are cast and cut to obtain cast ingots, and then the cast ingots are heated and melted and then are subjected to die casting to obtain the high-strength and high-toughness die casting aluminum-silicon alloy, wherein the primary iron-rich phase can be refined by adding molybdenum, and meanwhile, the primary iron-rich phase can be refined and spheroidized by the molybdenum and manganese, chromium and vanadium in a co-coordination manner, so that the mechanical property of the silicon-aluminum alloy is improved; on the other hand, the addition amount of zinc is increased, the nucleation temperature of the primary alpha-Al phase can be reduced, the effect of refining primary alpha-Al crystal grains is achieved, fine grain strengthening is realized, and zinc and magnesium can form MgZn 2 The phase again serves as a second phase strengthening for the aluminum matrix. Therefore, the die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy with higher yield strength, tensile strength and elongation can be prepared by adopting the method. It should be noted that the features and advantages described for the high strength and toughness die-cast aluminum silicon alloy are equally applicable to the method, and are not described herein.
In a third aspect of the invention, an aluminum-silicon alloy part is provided. According to the embodiment of the invention, the aluminum-silicon alloy part comprises the high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy or the high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy prepared by adopting the method. Therefore, the aluminum-silicon alloy part has long service life and excellent mechanical property. It should be noted that the features and advantages described for the high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy and the preparation method thereof are also applicable to the aluminum-silicon alloy component, and are not described herein.
In a fourth aspect of the invention, the invention provides the application of the high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy or the high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy prepared by the method in the manufacturing fields of automobiles, high-speed trains and large airplanes. Therefore, the energy-saving and environment-friendly automobile is more beneficial to realizing the energy-saving and environment-friendly requirements, the light-weight design of the automobile and other products is realized, and the service life of the automobile and other products is prolonged. It should be noted that the features and advantages described for the high strength and toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy and the preparation method thereof are also applicable to the vehicle, and are not described herein.
The invention will now be described with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative only and not limiting in any way.
Example 1
(1) Weighing alloy raw materials of pure Al, crystalline Si, al-Mn intermediate alloy, al-Cr intermediate alloy, pure Mg, pure Zn, al-V intermediate alloy, al-Mo intermediate alloy, al-Zr intermediate alloy, al-Ti intermediate alloy, al-Ca intermediate alloy and Al-Sr intermediate alloy according to the metering fraction, and smelting after preparing. The content of each element is controlled to be in accordance with the content requirement, the content of Fe element is controlled to be lower than 0.2 weight percent, the sum of the content of other impurity elements is controlled to be lower than 0.15 weight percent, and the ingot is cast and cut into block ingots of about 3 kg. Specifically, the silicon-aluminum alloy comprises the following specific elements: si:9.60wt%; mn:0.41wt%; cr:0.08wt%; mg:0.02wt%; zn:0.18wt%; v:0.07wt%; mo:0.03wt%; zr:0.14wt%; ti:0.16wt%; ca:0.005 wt.%; sr:0.02wt%; fe:0.11wt%;
(2) And (3) placing the block-shaped cast ingot into a smelting furnace of a die casting machine for heating, wherein the temperature is set to 750 ℃, introducing argon into the die casting machine after the alloy is melted, and simultaneously realizing uniform stirring by means of a stirrer so as to remove gas and impurities in the melt. After the melt is kept stand for 15 minutes, slag is removed to remove oxide inclusions on the surface of the melt.
(3) And (5) performing a die casting test after the temperature of the melt is reduced to 710 ℃.
The adopted die casting process parameters are that the casting temperature is 710 ℃, the die temperature is 150 ℃, the three-stage low-speed injection speed is 0.2-0.2m/s, the high-speed injection speed is 3.0m/s, the high-speed ACC is 13.7MPa, the pressure boost ACC is 13.7MPa, and the vacuum degree in the die cavity is ensured to be lower than 10kPa.
The die-cast aluminum-silicon alloy rod-shaped sample prepared in example 1 is subjected to tissue analysis and mechanical property test, and the related results are as follows:
as shown in FIG. 1, the size of the primary iron-rich phase in the conventional die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy is coarse and blocky, and the size is about 10 mu m, and as can be seen from FIG. 1, after Mn, cr, mo and V elements are added in the die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy, the size and the morphology of the primary iron-rich phase are well regulated and controlled, and the size is about 1 mu m, and the morphology tends to be spherical. The primary alpha-Al phase in the conventional die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy has coarse size, developed dendrite, size close to 50 μm and maximum size higher than 100 μm, and the primary alpha-Al phase in example 1 has smaller size, low dendrite formation degree, sphericity and size of about 20 μm as can be observed from FIG. 1.
The solidification path before and after 3wt% Zn is added to the silicon aluminum alloy by means of Thermo-Calc software is calculated, as shown in figure 2, the precipitation point of the primary alpha-Al phase is reduced from 604 ℃ to 596 ℃, the precipitation point is reduced by 8 ℃, a larger supercooling degree is provided for solidification nucleation, and the primary alpha-Al phase grain refinement is promoted. The method can reduce nucleation temperature of the primary alpha-Al phase by increasing the content of Zn element, thereby promoting grain refinement of the primary alpha-Al phase.
As shown in fig. 3, ti and Zr elements are added to the alloy to promote grain refinement, and the mass ratio of zirconium to titanium is controlled to be 7 in example 1: 8, the AlSi (Ti, zr) x phase is easy to be separated out in the initial stage of solidification, the phase has better lattice mismatch degree with the primary alpha-Al phase, and a nucleation core can be provided for nucleation of the primary alpha-Al phase, so that the grain refinement is easy to be realized.
As shown in fig. 4, sr and Ca form a composite modification, so that the eutectic silicon is ensured to be in a higher modification level, thereby completely modifying the plate-shaped eutectic silicon into a fine fibrous eutectic silicon structure, and the eutectic silicon in fig. 4 is completely fibrillated and has a small size, reaches a micron level, and is beneficial to the toughness of the alloy.
As shown in FIG. 5, through two groups of parallel tests, the tensile strength and the yield strength of the die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy are high, the tensile strength can reach 320MPa, the yield strength can reach 170MPa, and meanwhile, the elongation percentage of almost 11% can be kept, so that the die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy has excellent comprehensive mechanical properties, and the production and manufacturing requirements of high-pressure casting thin-wall parts and integrated die-casting structural parts can be well met.
Example 2
(1) Weighing alloy raw materials of pure Al, crystalline Si, al-Mn intermediate alloy, al-Cr intermediate alloy, pure Mg, pure Zn, al-V intermediate alloy, al-Mo intermediate alloy, al-Zr intermediate alloy, al-Ti intermediate alloy, al-Ca intermediate alloy and Al-Sr intermediate alloy according to the metering fraction, and smelting after preparing. The content of each element is controlled to be in accordance with the content requirement, the content of Fe element is controlled to be lower than 0.2 weight percent, the sum of the content of other impurity elements is controlled to be lower than 0.15 weight percent, and the ingot is cast and cut into block ingots of about 3 kg. Specifically, the silicon-aluminum alloy comprises the following specific elements: si:8.58wt%; mn:0.46wt%; cr:0.12wt%; mg:0.43wt%; zn:0.37wt%; v:0.08wt%; mo:0.01wt%; zr:0.14wt%; ti:0.13wt%; ca:0.001wt%; sr:0.06wt%; fe:0.08wt%;
(2) And (3) placing the block-shaped cast ingot into a smelting furnace of a die casting machine for heating, wherein the temperature is set to 750 ℃, introducing argon into the die casting machine after the alloy is melted, and simultaneously realizing uniform stirring by means of a stirrer so as to remove gas and impurities in the melt. After the melt is kept stand for 15 minutes, slag is removed to remove oxide inclusions on the surface of the melt.
(3) And (5) performing a die casting test after the temperature of the melt is reduced to 710 ℃.
The adopted die casting process parameters are that the casting temperature is 710 ℃, the die temperature is 150 ℃, the three-stage low-speed injection speed is 0.2-0.2m/s, the high-speed injection speed is 3.0m/s, the high-speed ACC is 13.7MPa, the pressure boost ACC is 13.7MPa, and the vacuum degree in the die cavity is ensured to be lower than 10kPa.
The die-cast aluminum-silicon alloy rod-shaped sample prepared in example 2 was subjected to tissue analysis and mechanical property test, and the related results are shown in fig. 6. As can be seen from FIG. 6, the die-cast aluminum-silicon alloy prepared in example 2 has a tensile strength of 318MPa, a yield strength of 174MPa and an elongation of 10.17%.
Example 3
(1) Weighing alloy raw materials of pure Al, crystalline Si, al-Mn intermediate alloy, al-Cr intermediate alloy, pure Mg, pure Zn, al-V intermediate alloy, al-Mo intermediate alloy, al-Zr intermediate alloy, al-Ti intermediate alloy, al-Ca intermediate alloy and Al-Sr intermediate alloy according to the metering fraction, and smelting after preparing. The content of each element is controlled to be in accordance with the content requirement, the content of Fe element is controlled to be lower than 0.2 weight percent, the sum of the content of other impurity elements is controlled to be lower than 0.15 weight percent, and the ingot is cast and cut into block ingots of about 3 kg. Specifically, the silicon-aluminum alloy comprises the following specific elements: si:8.67wt%; mn:0.40wt%; cr:0.05wt%; mg:0.43wt%; zn:0.47wt%; v:0.06wt%; mo:0.02wt%; zr:0.23wt%; ti:0.17wt%; ca:0.004wt%; sr:0.04wt%; fe:0.09wt%;
(2) And (3) placing the block-shaped cast ingot into a smelting furnace of a die casting machine for heating, wherein the temperature is set to 750 ℃, introducing argon into the die casting machine after the alloy is melted, and simultaneously realizing uniform stirring by means of a stirrer so as to remove gas and impurities in the melt. After the melt is kept stand for 15 minutes, slag is removed to remove oxide inclusions on the surface of the melt.
(3) And (5) performing a die casting test after the temperature of the melt is reduced to 710 ℃.
The adopted die casting process parameters are that the casting temperature is 710 ℃, the die temperature is 150 ℃, the three-stage low-speed injection speed is 0.2-0.2m/s, the high-speed injection speed is 3.0m/s, the high-speed ACC is 13.7MPa, the pressure boost ACC is 13.7MPa, and the vacuum degree in the die cavity is ensured to be lower than 10kPa.
The die-cast aluminum-silicon alloy rod-shaped sample prepared in example 3 was subjected to tissue analysis and mechanical property test, and the related results are shown in fig. 7. As can be seen from FIG. 7, the die-cast aluminum-silicon alloy prepared in example 3 had a tensile strength of 315MPa, a yield strength of 179MPa and an elongation of 10.23%.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives and variations may be made to the above embodiments by one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A high strength and toughness die cast aluminum silicon alloy comprising: 8.0 to 10.0 weight percent of silicon, 0.35 to 0.75 weight percent of manganese, 0.05 to 0.15 weight percent of chromium, 0.01 to 0.6 weight percent of magnesium, 0.1 to 3.0 weight percent of zinc, 0.01 to 0.1 weight percent of vanadium, 0.01 to 0.1 weight percent of molybdenum, 0.05 to 0.3 weight percent of zirconium, 0.05 to 0.3 weight percent of titanium, 0.02 to 0.07 weight percent of strontium, not more than 0.2 weight percent of iron, not more than 0.15 weight percent of unavoidable impurities, and the balance of aluminum.
2. The high strength and toughness die cast aluminum silicon alloy according to claim 1, further comprising not greater than 0.01wt% calcium.
3. A high strength and toughness die cast aluminium silicon alloy according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the total mass of vanadium and molybdenum is 0.05wt% to 0.15wt%, preferably 0.1wt%.
4. The high-strength and high-toughness die-cast aluminum-silicon alloy according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mass ratio of the zirconium to the titanium is (0.5-2): 1, preferably 1:1.
5. the high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the yield strength of the formed rod-shaped sample is 150-180 MPa, the tensile strength is 300-350 MPa, and the elongation is 10-15%.
6. A method of making the high strength and toughness die cast aluminum silicon alloy of any one of claims 1-5, comprising:
(1) Respectively weighing silicon, manganese, chromium, magnesium, zinc, vanadium, molybdenum, zirconium, titanium, strontium and aluminum according to mass fraction, mixing, smelting, casting and cutting to obtain cast ingots;
(2) Heating and melting the cast ingot so as to obtain a melt;
(3) And die casting the melt to obtain the high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein in step (2), the ingot is heated at a temperature of 730 ℃ to 750 ℃.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein in step (3), the die casting process parameters include: the casting temperature of the melt is 690-710 ℃, the die temperature is 140-160 ℃, the vacuum degree in the die cavity is lower than 10kPa, the three-stage low-speed injection speed is 0.2-0.2- (0.2-0.4) m/s, the high-speed injection speed is 2.5-3.5 m/s, the pressure value of the high-speed accumulator is 12.5-13.7 MPa, and the pressure value of the booster accumulator is 12.5-13.7 MPa.
9. An aluminium-silicon alloy part, characterized in that it comprises a high-strength and high-toughness die-cast aluminium-silicon alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 5 or a high-strength and high-toughness die-cast aluminium-silicon alloy produced by the method according to any one of claims 6 to 8.
10. Use of the high strength and toughness die-cast aluminum-silicon alloy of any one of claims 1-5 or prepared by the method of any one of claims 6-8 in the manufacturing field of automobiles, high speed trains and large aircraft.
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